CN116735276A - Sampling method for new pollutants in wastewater - Google Patents
Sampling method for new pollutants in wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN116735276A CN116735276A CN202310751596.8A CN202310751596A CN116735276A CN 116735276 A CN116735276 A CN 116735276A CN 202310751596 A CN202310751596 A CN 202310751596A CN 116735276 A CN116735276 A CN 116735276A
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000598 endocrine disruptor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 231100000049 endocrine disruptor Toxicity 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004045 organic chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002647 aminoglycoside antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003782 beta lactam antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003120 macrolide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002132 β-lactam antibiotic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940124586 β-lactam antibiotics Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940041033 macrolides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003022 phthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4005—Concentrating samples by transferring a selected component through a membrane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and discloses a novel pollutant sampling method in wastewater, which comprises the following steps: step 1: firstly, determining the number of sampling points of wastewater and the position of each sampling point; step 2: and respectively determining the sampling mode of each sampling point, and determining the sampling period and the sampling times of each point. According to the method for sampling the new pollutants in the wastewater, the NF and RO technology are utilized, the RO membrane can effectively intercept (more than 90%) organic micromolecular substances in the water, although the NF membrane has a slightly larger aperture interception effect than the RO membrane, the energy consumption of the NF technology is lower, the method has obvious operation and cost advantages in the separation of the new pollutants, and further the sampling of the new pollutants is more efficient and convenient, a laminar flow sampler is arranged on a water outlet pipe and used for adjusting the water pressure and flow of a collected water sample, the fidelity of the water sample is improved, the collection of the new pollutant sample is more effective, and further the subsequent detection result is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a novel pollutant sampling method in wastewater.
Background
With economic development and social progress, a wide variety of medicines and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine Disruptors (EDCs), disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), environmental hormones, pesticides, etc. are discharged into water environments, such substances are often prone to bio-enrichment, affect the health of aquatic organisms at low levels, and further affect human health, and such substances are mostly free of specific related environmental management policies or emission standard controls, often referred to as new pollutants, and conventional secondary treatment processes result in the effluent currently treated by sewage plants still containing new pollutants in many cases, which enter receiving bodies such as rivers, lakes and coastal waters.
The conventional sewage treatment facilities have great uncertainty on the separation effect of various novel pollutants, so that effluent of a sewage plant becomes a main source of the novel pollutants entering the environment, in addition, the solid-liquid separation mode (namely gravity sedimentation) of the conventional activated sludge process also causes a plurality of problems including low solid-liquid separation efficiency, low volume load, unstable effluent quality and the like, the conventional activated sludge process has difficulty in meeting the current stricter emission standard, the conventional sampling method has incapability of adapting to the actual demands, and the time and the labor are wasted, so that the novel pollutant sampling method in the wastewater is provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel pollutant sampling method in wastewater, which has the advantages of high-efficiency sampling of novel pollutants in wastewater and the like, solves a plurality of problems caused by a solid-liquid separation mode of a traditional activated sludge process, and solves the problems that the traditional activated sludge process is difficult to meet the current stricter emission standard, the existing sampling method cannot adapt to the actual demands, and time and labor are wasted.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a new pollutant sampling method in wastewater comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, determining the number of sampling points of wastewater and the position of each sampling point;
step 2: respectively determining a sampling mode of each sampling point, and determining a sampling period and sampling times of each point;
step 3: determining a sampling analysis project of new pollutants in the wastewater;
step 4: extracting waste water from each sampling point by utilizing water collecting equipment in sequence, storing the waste water in a storage bottle, and storing the sample at the temperature of-20-5 ℃;
step 5: sampling new pollutants in the wastewater by using a sampling device through NF and RO technologies, packaging and preserving the pollutants in the sampling by using a sampling bottle, and reserving the pollutants for test;
step 6: taking out the fresh-keeping sample in the step 5, and detecting and testing the fresh-keeping sample;
step 7: and summarizing the test data sampled each time, and carrying out physical and chemical performance analysis on the summarized sampled data.
Preferably, the water sampling device is an automatic grading sampling type water sampler, water samples are respectively collected in different containers every 2h, the automatic mixing sampling type water sampler continuously collects the water samples and the water samples collected according to the flow ratio in one container every 1 day, and the waste water is extracted and collected.
Preferably, the sampling bottle is a hard glass bottle, the sampling bottle is used for directly sampling, the sampling bottle is required to be washed three times by water and then the sampling bottle is used for sampling, and sundries floating on the water surface should be taken out during the sampling.
Preferably, a quality stabilizer is arranged on the water outlet pipe and used for stabilizing the collected wastewater sample, and a laminar flow sampler is arranged on the water outlet pipe and used for adjusting the water pressure and flow of the collected water sample and improving the fidelity of the water sample.
Preferably, the sampling points are arranged at the positions of the sewage pipelines and the sewage channels, and the sampling points are arranged at the positions of straight pipelines and channels and stable water flow.
Preferably, the sampling period is less than 8h, 1 time per hour, and the sampling period is more than 8h, 1 time per 2 h.
Preferably, the sample analysis items include persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, and microplastic.
Preferably, the endocrine disruptors include pesticides, dioxins, organic chlorine compounds, organotin compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalates, the antibiotics are broadly referred to as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antitumor agents, and the microplastic is a plastic with a particle size of less than 5 mm.
Preferably, the sampling device samples new pollutants in wastewater by utilizing NF and RO technologies, and adopts a high pressure membrane for intercepting substances with smaller molecular weight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for sampling new pollutants in wastewater, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for sampling the new pollutants in the wastewater, NF and RO technologies are utilized, the RO membrane can effectively intercept (more than 90%) organic micromolecule substances in the water, although the NF membrane has a slightly larger aperture interception effect than the RO membrane, the NF technology has lower energy consumption, and has obvious operation and cost advantages in the separation of the new pollutants, so that the sampling of the new pollutants is more efficient and convenient, a quality stabilizer is arranged on a water outlet pipe for stabilizing the collected wastewater sample, a laminar flow sampler is arranged on the water outlet pipe for adjusting the water pressure and flow of the collected water sample, the fidelity of the water sample is improved, the collection of the new pollutant sample is more effective, and further the subsequent detection result is more accurate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
a new pollutant sampling method in wastewater comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, determining the number of sampling points of wastewater and the position of each sampling point;
step 2: respectively determining a sampling mode of each sampling point, wherein the sampling period of each point is 4h, and the sampling times are 1 sampling per hour;
step 3: determining sampling analysis items of new pollutants in the wastewater, wherein the sampling analysis items are persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics and microplastic;
step 4: extracting waste water by utilizing water sampling equipment at each sampling point in sequence, immediately attaching a label on a storage bottle after water sample acquisition and well recording in detail on a water sample instruction, wherein the water sample instruction content comprises the water sample acquisition place, date, time, water source type, water body appearance, water level height, water source periphery and discharge port condition, water temperature, air temperature and climate condition during sampling, analysis purpose and project and sampler name, and storing in an environment of 3 ℃ for refrigeration;
step 5: separating wastewater from new pollutants by utilizing NF and RO technologies on a water sample stored in a bottle, packaging and preserving the sampled pollutants by utilizing a sampling bottle, and placing the packaged and preserved pollutants in an incubator at constant temperature for later use;
step 6: taking out the fresh-keeping sampling sample in the step 5, and detecting and testing the fresh-keeping sampling sample;
step 7: and summarizing the test data sampled each time, and carrying out physical and chemical performance analysis on the summarized sampled data.
According to the investigation result of the water sample, the concentration detection data of the new pollutant factors in the water sample are compared with the relevant standard, the determination that the concentration is higher than the reference standard is the focus on the pollutant factors, and 3 new pollutant factors of the water sample are pesticides, dioxins and organic chlorine compounds.
Embodiment two:
step 1: firstly, determining the number of sampling points of wastewater and the position of each sampling point;
step 2: respectively determining a sampling mode of each sampling point, and determining the sampling period of each point to be 8h and the sampling times to be 1 sampling per hour;
step 3: determining sampling analysis items of new pollutants in the wastewater, wherein the sampling analysis items are persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics and microplastic;
step 4: extracting waste water by utilizing water sampling equipment at each sampling point in sequence, immediately attaching a label on a storage bottle after water sample acquisition and well recording in detail on a water sample instruction, wherein the water sample instruction content comprises the water sample acquisition place, date, time, water source type, water body appearance, water level height, water source periphery and discharge port condition, water temperature, air temperature and climate condition during sampling, analysis purpose and project and sampler name, and storing in an environment of 0 ℃ for refrigeration;
step 5: separating wastewater from new pollutants by utilizing NF and RO technologies on a water sample stored in a bottle, packaging and preserving the sampled pollutants by utilizing a sampling bottle, and placing the packaged and preserved pollutants in an incubator at constant temperature for later use;
step 6: taking out the fresh-keeping sampling sample in the step 5, and detecting and testing the fresh-keeping sampling sample;
step 7: and summarizing the test data sampled each time, and carrying out physical and chemical performance analysis on the summarized sampled data.
According to the investigation result of the water sample, the concentration detection data of the new pollutant factors in the water sample are compared with the relevant standard, and the determination that the concentration is higher than the reference standard is the important focus on the pollutant factors, wherein 7 new pollutant factors of the water sample are organotin compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalic acid esters, quinolone antibiotics, beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Embodiment III:
step 1: firstly, determining the number of sampling points of wastewater and the position of each sampling point;
step 2: respectively determining a sampling mode of each sampling point, wherein the sampling period of each point is 12h, and the sampling times are 4 times per hour;
step 3: determining sampling analysis items of new pollutants in the wastewater, wherein the sampling analysis items are persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics and microplastic;
step 4: extracting waste water by utilizing water sampling equipment at each sampling point in sequence, immediately attaching a label on a storage bottle after water sample acquisition and well recording in detail on a water sample instruction, wherein the content of the water sample instruction comprises the place, date, time, water source type, water body appearance, water level height, water source periphery and discharge port condition, water temperature, air temperature and climate condition during sampling, analysis purpose and project and name of a sampler, and storing the water sample instruction in an environment of minus 20 ℃ for freezing;
step 5: separating wastewater from new pollutants by utilizing NF and RO technologies on a water sample stored in a bottle, packaging and preserving the sampled pollutants by utilizing a sampling bottle, and placing the packaged and preserved pollutants in an incubator at constant temperature for later use;
step 6: taking out the fresh-keeping sampling sample in the step 5, and detecting and testing the fresh-keeping sampling sample;
step 7: and summarizing the test data sampled each time, and carrying out physical and chemical performance analysis on the summarized sampled data.
According to the investigation result of the water sample, the concentration detection data of the new pollutant factors in the water sample are compared with the relevant standard, and the determination that the concentration is higher than the reference standard is the important focus on the pollutant factors, wherein 11 new pollutant factors of the water sample are benzene, ammonia, radon, halogenated hydrocarbon, insecticide, dioxin, phthalate, quinolone antibiotics, beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolide antibiotics and aminoglycoside antibiotics.
According to the analysis of the pollutant detection data in the three embodiments, the reliability and the accuracy of detecting the new pollutant in the wastewater are further improved through sampling points (including residential areas and commercial areas) at different positions and sampling at different times (including water peak period and water low peak period), and the NF and RO technology are adopted, so that the new pollutant sampling is more efficient and convenient compared with the solid-liquid separation mode of the traditional activated sludge process.
According to the novel pollutant sampling method in the wastewater, the NF and RO technology are utilized, the RO membrane can effectively intercept (more than 90%) organic micromolecule substances in the water, and although the NF membrane has a slightly larger aperture interception effect than the RO membrane, the NF technology is lower in energy consumption, obvious operation and cost advantages are achieved in the separation of the novel pollutant, so that the novel pollutant can be sampled more efficiently and conveniently, a quality stabilizer is arranged on a water outlet pipe for stabilizing the collected wastewater sample, a laminar flow sampler is arranged on the water outlet pipe for adjusting the water pressure and flow of the collected water sample, the fidelity of the water sample is improved, the collection of the novel pollutant sample is more effective, and further the follow-up detection result is more accurate.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The new pollutant sampling method in the wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: firstly, determining the number of sampling points of wastewater and the position of each sampling point;
step 2: respectively determining a sampling mode of each sampling point, and determining a sampling period and sampling times of each point;
step 3: determining a sampling analysis project of new pollutants in the wastewater;
step 4: extracting waste water from each sampling point by utilizing water collecting equipment in sequence, storing the waste water in a storage bottle, and storing the sample at the temperature of-20-5 ℃;
step 5: sampling new pollutants in the wastewater by using a sampling device through NF and RO technologies, packaging and preserving the pollutants in the sampling by using a sampling bottle, and reserving the pollutants for test;
step 6: taking out the fresh-keeping sample in the step 5, and detecting and testing the fresh-keeping sample;
step 7: and summarizing the test data sampled each time, and carrying out physical and chemical performance analysis on the summarized sampled data.
2. The method for sampling new pollutants in wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the water sampling device is an automatic grading sampling type water sampler, water samples are respectively collected in different containers every 2h, the automatic mixing sampling type water sampler continuously collects the water samples and the water samples collected according to the flow ratio in one container every 1 day, and the wastewater is extracted and collected.
3. The method for sampling new pollutants in wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the sampling bottle is a hard glass bottle, the sampling bottle is used for directly sampling, the sampling bottle is required to be washed three times by water, and then the sampling is carried out, and sundry floats on the water surface are taken out during the sampling.
4. The method for sampling new pollutants in wastewater according to claim 1, wherein a quality stabilizer is arranged on the water outlet pipe and used for stabilizing the collected wastewater sample, and a laminar flow sampler is arranged on the water outlet pipe and used for adjusting the water pressure and flow of the collected water sample and improving the fidelity of the water sample.
5. A method for sampling new pollutants in wastewater according to claim 1, wherein the sampling points are located at the position of a sewage pipeline and a sewage channel, and the sampling points are located at the position of straight pipeline and channel and stable water flow.
6. The method for sampling new contaminants in wastewater according to claim 1, wherein said sampling period is less than 8 hours, 1 time per hour, said sampling period is greater than 8 hours, 1 time per 2 hours.
7. The method for sampling new contaminants in wastewater according to claim 1, wherein said sampling analysis items include persistent organic contaminants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics and microplastic.
8. The method for sampling new contaminants in wastewater according to claim 7, wherein said endocrine disruptors include pesticides, dioxins, organochlorine compounds, organotin compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalates, said antibiotics are broadly referred to as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antitumor agents, and said microplastic is a plastic having a particle size of less than 5 mm.
9. A method of sampling new contaminants in wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that said sampling device samples new contaminants in wastewater by utilizing NF and RO technology, each employing a high pressure membrane for trapping smaller molecular weight substances.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310751596.8A CN116735276A (en) | 2023-06-25 | 2023-06-25 | Sampling method for new pollutants in wastewater |
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