CN116729067A - Direct heat pump system with water-cooled condenser and electric automobile - Google Patents

Direct heat pump system with water-cooled condenser and electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116729067A
CN116729067A CN202310776251.8A CN202310776251A CN116729067A CN 116729067 A CN116729067 A CN 116729067A CN 202310776251 A CN202310776251 A CN 202310776251A CN 116729067 A CN116729067 A CN 116729067A
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Prior art keywords
water
heat
loop
sub
cooled condenser
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CN202310776251.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
毛星杰
胡健
熊健
李江川
林富
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Shenzhen Blue Automobile Nanjing Research Institute Co ltd
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Shenzhen Blue Automobile Nanjing Research Institute Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310776251.8A priority Critical patent/CN116729067A/en
Publication of CN116729067A publication Critical patent/CN116729067A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B60K11/04—Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a direct heat pump system with a water-cooled condenser and an electric automobile, comprising a cooling liquid loop and a refrigerant loop, wherein the cooling liquid loop comprises a first water pump, a warm air core, an electric heater, a second water pump, a power battery, a cooler, a third water pump, a radiator, a driving motor, the water-cooled condenser, a first valve component and a second valve component; the refrigerant loop comprises a compressor, an internal condenser, a water-cooled condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, an evaporator, a second electronic expansion valve, a cooler and a gas-liquid separator; the compressor, the internal condenser, the water-cooled condenser, the first electronic expansion valve, the evaporator and the gas-liquid separator are connected in series to form an evaporator sub-loop; the compressor, the internal condenser, the water-cooled condenser, the second electronic expansion valve, the cooler and the gas-liquid separator are connected in series to form a cooler sub-loop. The invention realizes the thermal management of the passenger cabin, the battery and the driving motor in different application scenes, and simultaneously has low energy consumption and low cost.

Description

Direct heat pump system with water-cooled condenser and electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air-conditioning heat pump systems of electric vehicles, in particular to a direct heat pump system with a water-cooling condenser and an electric vehicle.
Background
Automotive electrodynamic technology is one of the important actions for realizing low-carbon sustainable development. The endurance mileage is one of the most important indexes concerned by the users of the electric automobile, and the endurance mileage attenuation of the electric automobile at high temperature and low temperature becomes a current big pain point problem, so that the reduction of the energy consumption of the whole automobile, especially the reduction of the energy consumption of high-temperature refrigeration and low-temperature heating, is a big technical hotspot of the current electric automobile.
At high temperature, in order to solve the problem that the heat dissipation capacity of two heat exchangers is not fully utilized because the heat dissipation loads of a cooling liquid side radiator and a refrigerant side condenser generally do not reach peak values at the same time, and the heat dissipation performance is affected by the mutual arrangement of the two heat exchangers, one solution is to use a water-cooled condenser to exchange heat in the refrigerant side to the cooling liquid side and then to conduct heat dissipation through a larger heat radiator shared by the front end module and the cooling liquid side. Compared with a radiator and a condenser which are arranged in front and back, the radiator has stronger radiating capacity for most working conditions, and reduces the energy consumption of a fluid flowing power source, particularly a compressor.
During low-temperature heating, a heat pump air conditioning system is generally adopted by the current electric automobile to solve the problem that the single PTC heating energy consumption is too high, so that the endurance mileage is seriously attenuated. For the current heat pump system design, in order to further reduce energy consumption, direct heat pump and waste heat recovery schemes are currently more applied schemes.
According to the electric automobile thermal management system disclosed in the patent document CN114771208A, through the mutual association coupling of a refrigerant loop, a warm air loop, a battery loop and a motor loop, waste heat of a motor and the like is fully utilized, different functional scenes of independent or mutual association operation of passenger cabin thermal management, battery thermal management and motor thermal management can be realized, and the cooling and heating functional requirements of the thermal management system are met. The thermal management system has comprehensive functional scenes, low cost and simple system and is convenient to control. Although the passenger cabin heating and the battery heating share one high-voltage electric heater HVH, and the parallel heat dissipation of the water-cooling condenser and the motor cooling loop can be realized, the battery heating is realized in a mode of secondary heat exchange through a heat exchanger, and heat loss exists. The system belongs to an indirect heat pump system, and has lower efficiency than a direct heat pump system; the refrigerant loop is provided with a waste heat recoverer and an expansion valve, and also is provided with three sets of evaporators and expansion valves, so that the cost is increased.
As disclosed in patent document CN115179710a, a dual-heat-source heat pump system with motor locked rotor is provided with three working modes, wherein the first working mode is a single-heat-source heat pump working mode, and the heat pump system is used for converting the heat in the air into the heat required by the air conditioning and heating of the electric vehicle; the second working mode is a double-heat source heat pump working mode adopting a mode of motor waste heat and air source, and heating heat is provided for an air conditioner of the electric vehicle; the third working mode is a working mode of generating heat in a motor locked rotation mode and providing heat sources for heating of an air conditioner of the electric vehicle by air source heat. The system solves the problem that the heating capacity of the heat pump system is insufficient under the condition of low temperature of the electric vehicle user, and enhances the heating capacity of the heat pump system after the motor is locked. However, the system is added with a water-cooling condenser based on the traditional condenser with air, the water-cooling condenser is added only for heating the passenger cabin through heat exchange, and the system belongs to an indirect heat pump system, and has lower efficiency than a direct heat pump system. In addition, the refrigerant loop is also provided with three sets of evaporators and expansion valves, so that the control strategy is complex, and the cost is increased.
As another example, patent document CN113432340a discloses a multi-heat source heat pump type electric automobile thermal management system, which adopts a mode of combining an air source heat pump with a water ring heat pump, and provides a low-temperature heat source by an air source, system waste heat and a small amount of electric energy to form a multi-heat source heat pump, so that the requirements of different low-temperature working conditions can be met, and the energy utilization efficiency is effectively improved; under the extremely low temperature working condition, the operation is switched into the water loop heat pump mode, so that a series of problems caused by the air source heat pump, such as incapability of operating the heat pump, frosting and the like, can be avoided. The system organically integrates three subsystems of passenger cabin heat management, battery heat management and power assembly heat management, and has the advantages of strong valve control operability, compact structure of component parts and high integration level; the passenger cabin heat management system adopts a water-cooled condenser as a heat release device of a refrigeration loop, so that the common problems of the condenser in the prior art can be solved. The system is a direct heat pump system with a water-cooled condenser, but the outdoor evaporator and the expansion valve of a heat pump heating mode, namely three sets of evaporators and expansion valves on the side of a refrigerant are added, so that the cost is increased; when the passenger cabin refrigeration and the driving motor cooling exist simultaneously, the water-cooled condenser is connected in series in front of the driving motor, so that the problem of higher water inlet temperature of the motor can be caused, the running power of a fan and a water pump can be increased, the performance target of a radiator can be improved, and the energy consumption, noise and cost are further increased. Although the heat pump mode has an air source and a water source, the two heat sources are in a parallel mode, and when the two heat sources are used at the same time at low temperature, the problem of oil return of the compressor lubricating oil caused by too small flow of the bypass refrigerant exists under individual working conditions, or in order to avoid the problem, the temperature use interval of the heat pump is limited; in addition, when the heat pump system is limited by extremely low temperature and can not be used, the heating requirements of the passenger cabin and the battery are respectively realized through two electric heaters, and the cost is high.
As another example, a heat pump system for a vehicle disclosed in patent document US8910489B2 includes a water-cooled condenser, which is a direct heat pump system, that uses a coolant as a heat exchange medium for both heat release in a cooling mode and absorption of waste heat generated from an electric motor and electronic equipment in a heating mode to improve heating performance, efficiency, and dehumidification performance. However, the water-cooling condenser and the motor in the system are in a serial connection mode, and under the working conditions that the passenger cabin or the battery is refrigerated and the motor needs to dissipate heat, the heat dissipation load of the water-cooling condenser has an influence on the heat dissipation of the motor, so that the energy consumption and the noise of the fan are increased. In addition, the water-cooled condenser is used as an evaporator in a passenger cabin heating mode, and the evaporation and heat absorption capacity is not the same as that of an evaporator with only heat absorption function. And the system does not comprise a battery cooling part, if the battery cooling part is calculated, the system is provided with three expansion valves and evaporators, and the cost is high.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a direct heat pump system with a water-cooled condenser and an electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direct heat pump system with a water-cooled condenser and an electric automobile, which can realize the thermal management of a passenger cabin, a battery and a driving motor in different application scenes and simultaneously realize low energy consumption and low cost.
In a first aspect, the direct heat pump system with a water-cooled condenser of the present invention includes a coolant loop and a refrigerant loop, wherein the coolant loop is provided with a coolant, and the refrigerant loop is provided with a refrigerant;
the coolant liquid return circuit includes first water pump, warm braw core, electric heater, second water pump, power battery, cooler, third water pump, radiator, driving motor, water-cooled condenser, first valve subassembly and second valve subassembly, wherein: the first water pump, the warm air core body, the electric heater and the first valve component are connected in series to form a heating sub-loop; the second water pump, the power battery, the second valve component, the cooler and the first valve component are connected in series to form a power battery sub-loop; the electric heater, the second valve component, the power battery, the second water pump and the first valve component are connected in series to form an electric heating sub-loop of the power battery; the third water pump, the radiator, the second valve component, the driving motor and the first valve component are connected in series to form a driving motor cooling sub-loop; the third water pump, the radiator, the second valve component and the water-cooled condenser are connected in series to form a water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop;
the refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor, an internal condenser, a water-cooled condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, an evaporator, a second electronic expansion valve, a cooler and a gas-liquid separator, wherein: the compressor, the internal condenser, the water-cooled condenser, the first electronic expansion valve, the evaporator and the gas-liquid separator are connected in series to form an evaporator sub-loop; the compressor, the internal condenser, the water-cooled condenser, the second electronic expansion valve, the cooler and the gas-liquid separator are connected in series to form a cooler sub-loop.
Optionally, the first valve assembly comprises a first three-way valve and a second four-way valve; the second valve component comprises a first four-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve and a fourth three-way valve;
the first water pump, the warm air core body, the electric heater and the first three-way valve are sequentially connected in series to form a heating sub-loop;
the second water pump, the power battery, the second three-way valve, the first four-way valve, the cooler and the second four-way valve are sequentially connected in series to form a power battery sub-loop;
the third water pump, the radiator, the third three-way valve, the fourth three-way valve and the water-cooling condenser are sequentially connected in series to form a water-cooling condenser cooling sub-loop;
the electric heater, the first four-way valve, the second three-way valve, the power battery, the second water pump, the second four-way valve and the first three-way valve are sequentially connected in series to form an electric heating sub-loop of the power battery;
the third water pump, the radiator, the third three-way valve, the fourth three-way valve, the first four-way valve, the driving motor and the second four-way valve are sequentially connected in series to form a driving motor cooling sub-loop.
Optionally, the first valve component adopts a five-way valve; the second valve component adopts a seven-way valve; the related water valves can be integrated to reduce pipelines, weight and cost.
Optionally, a cooling fan is also included, which is arranged behind the radiator, providing an air flow to the radiator if necessary, facilitating heat exchange of the radiator with ambient air.
Optionally, the system has a passenger cabin cooling mode, which is achieved by turning on an evaporator sub-circuit and a coolant water cooled condenser cooling sub-circuit, specifically:
the refrigerant in the evaporator sub-loop is discharged from the compressor, passes through the internal condenser, at the moment, the warm air door of the air conditioning box is closed, and the water-cooled condenser, at the moment, the temperature air door of the internal condenser is partially closed or completely closed according to whether the temperature air door is controlled by a multi-temperature zone, and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid of the water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop at the water-cooled condenser, and the refrigerant absorbs heat through evaporation of the evaporator after condensation heat release, so as to cool the passenger cabin;
after the cooling liquid in the cooling sub-loop of the water-cooled condenser absorbs the heat of the refrigerant, the cooling liquid flows through the radiator to radiate heat, and the cooling liquid after radiating heat flows into the water-cooled condenser to exchange heat. The invention provides a passenger cabin refrigeration mode, which cools the passenger cabin when needed.
Optionally, the system has a battery cooling mode by a radiator, and is realized by opening a power battery sub-loop and a driving motor cooling sub-loop in series, specifically:
The cooling liquid enters the driving motor cooling sub-loop after the power battery sub-loop comes out of the power battery, sequentially passes through the driving motor, the third water pump and the radiator, dissipates heat at the radiator, and enters the power battery sub-loop again after the heat dissipation, passes through the cooler and the second water pump, and then enters the power battery to complete a cycle. The invention provides a cooling mode of a battery through a radiator, which is generally used for a less severe thermal management working condition, such as a city working condition in spring and autumn.
Optionally, the system has a drive motor cooling mode, implemented by a drive motor cooling sub-circuit, specifically:
the high-temperature cooling liquid from the driving motor sequentially passes through the third water pump and the radiator, and then returns to the driving motor after radiating at the radiator so as to cool the driving motor. The invention provides a driving motor cooling mode, which can realize cooling of a driving motor.
Optionally, the system has a battery in a refrigerant cooling mode, and is realized by opening a cooler sub-loop, a water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop and a power battery sub-loop to be coupled, specifically:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler comes out from the compressor, passes through the internal condenser, and then the warm air door of the air conditioning box is closed and the water-cooled condenser is used for carrying out heat exchange with the cooling liquid in the sub-loop of the water-cooled condenser, and the refrigerant is evaporated and absorbs heat through the cooler after condensation heat release, so as to cool the cooling liquid in the sub-loop of the power battery;
After the cooling liquid in the cooling sub-loop of the water-cooled condenser absorbs the heat of the refrigerant through the water-cooled condenser, the cooling liquid flows through the radiator to dissipate heat, and the cooling liquid after heat dissipation flows into the water-cooled condenser to condense the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser;
the cooling liquid in the power battery sub-loop passes through the cooler after coming out of the power battery, the evaporated refrigerant at the cooler absorbs heat to cool, and then the cooling liquid returns to the power battery through the second water pump, so that the cooling circulation is completed. The invention provides a battery through-refrigerant cooling mode which is generally used for harsher thermal management working conditions, such as a fast charge working condition, a high temperature high speed or a high Wen Papo working condition.
Optionally, the system has a passenger cabin and battery simultaneous cooling mode, i.e. the passenger cabin cooling mode and the battery are separated into two branches after the water-cooled condenser of the refrigerant circuit by the refrigerant cooling mode, the two branches respectively corresponding to the evaporator for passenger cabin cooling and the cooler for power battery cooling. The invention provides a simultaneous cooling mode for a passenger cabin and a battery, namely, the passenger cabin and the power battery can be cooled simultaneously.
Optionally, the system has a passenger cabin heat pump heating mode, in which no coolant flows to the water cooled condenser, the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode comprising a sub-mode of absorbing heat from ambient air, in particular:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser after coming out of the compressor, at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant releases heat and condenses at the internal condenser to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is evaporated and absorbs heat at the cooler after passing through the water-cooled condenser, and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor through the gas-liquid separator;
the low-temperature cooling liquid which is cooled by heat absorption at the cooler passes through the third water pump after coming out of the cooler, absorbs heat in the ambient air at the radiator, and the cooling liquid which absorbs the heat returns to the cooler to complete circulation. The present invention provides a sub-mode of absorbing heat from ambient air.
Optionally, the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode further comprises a heat storage sub-mode from a battery, specifically:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser after coming out of the compressor, at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant releases heat and condenses at the internal condenser to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is evaporated and absorbs heat at the cooler after passing through the water-cooled condenser, and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor through the gas-liquid separator;
Wherein the heat absorbed by the cooler comes from the battery to store heat. The invention provides a heat storage and absorption sub-mode from a battery.
Optionally, the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode further comprises a sub-mode of absorbing heat from motor waste heat, specifically:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser after coming out of the compressor, at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant releases heat and condenses at the internal condenser to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is evaporated and absorbs heat at the cooler after passing through the water-cooled condenser, and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor through the gas-liquid separator;
wherein, the heat that the cooler absorbed comes from driving motor waste heat. The invention provides a sub-mode for absorbing heat from motor waste heat.
Optionally, the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode further comprises a sub-mode of absorbing heat from ambient air and motor waste heat at the same time, specifically:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser after coming out of the compressor, at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant releases heat and condenses at the internal condenser to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is evaporated and absorbs heat at the cooler after passing through the water-cooled condenser, and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor through the gas-liquid separator; the heat absorbed by the cooler is sequentially from the ambient air and the waste heat of the driving motor;
The low-temperature cooling liquid which is subjected to heat absorption and cooling at the cooler sequentially passes through a third water pump after coming out of the cooler, heat in ambient air is absorbed at the radiator, the cooling liquid which absorbs the heat enters the driving motor to continuously exchange heat and absorb the residual heat of the driving motor, then enters the power battery sub-loop, and returns to the cooler after passing through the second water pump, so that circulation is completed. The invention provides a sub-mode for absorbing heat from the ambient air and the motor waste heat at the same time, which works under the urban working condition that the ambient temperature is between-20 ℃ and-10 DEG C
Optionally, the system has a passenger cabin heat pump dehumidification mode, specifically:
opening a first electronic expansion valve and an evaporator in an evaporator sub-loop based on a passenger cabin heat pump heating mode, and connecting the first electronic expansion valve and the evaporator with a second electronic expansion valve and a cooler branch in parallel; the refrigerant releases heat in the internal condenser, absorbs heat in the evaporator to dehumidify, and the air is cooled and dehumidified by the evaporator and then heated by the internal condenser to enter the passenger cabin. The invention provides a passenger cabin heat pump dehumidification mode, wherein air is cooled and dehumidified through an evaporator and then heated through an internal condenser to enter a passenger cabin.
Optionally, the system has a passenger compartment and a power battery using an electric heater heating mode, specifically:
The cooling liquid heated by the electric heater passes through the heating sub-loop and the power battery electric heating sub-loop, and the requirements of different heating amounts of the passenger cabin and the power battery are adjusted by adjusting the opening proportion of the first water pump, the second water pump and the first valve component; in the electric heating sub-loop of the power battery, the electric heater is connected in parallel with the cooler, and the flow resistance of the two parallel branches is adjusted by adjusting the opening proportion of the first valve component so as to realize the distribution of the flow of the two branches, thereby realizing the adjustment of the heating water temperature of the power battery after the two branches are mixed; when only the passenger compartment is heated, the passage of the first valve assembly to the power cell sub-circuit is completely closed; when only the power cell is heating, the passage of the first valve assembly to the heating sub-circuit is completely closed. The invention provides an electric heater heating mode for a passenger cabin and a power battery.
Optionally, the system is provided with a mode of recovering waste heat of the driving motor to heat the battery, specifically:
the driving motor and the second water pump are connected in series with the power battery, and the cooling liquid is subjected to heat exchange with the power battery after passing through the driving motor and the second water pump and then returns to the driving motor to complete circulation; the invention provides a mode for recovering waste heat of a driving motor to heat a battery, which realizes the purpose that the waste heat of the motor is used for heating a power battery.
In a second aspect, the electric automobile of the invention adopts the direct heat pump system with the water-cooled condenser.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The refrigerant loop of all modes of the invention realizes a direct heat pump scheme that the refrigerant loop only adopts 2 sets of evaporators and expansion valves by connecting the internal condenser and the water-cooled condenser in series, and simultaneously saves two stop valves and one-way valves. Through the mutual associated coupling with the cooling liquid loops such as the water-cooling condenser cooling sub-loop, the heating sub-loop, the power battery sub-loop, the driving motor sub-loop and the like, the thermal management functions of the passenger cabin, the power battery and the driving motor in different application scenes are realized, the control is simplified while the high efficiency is ensured, and the cost is reduced.
(2) According to the invention, the water-cooling condenser cooling sub-loop and the driving motor cooling sub-loop are connected in parallel, so that decoupling of water temperatures at inlets of the water-cooling condenser and the driving motor is realized, influence of the water temperatures is avoided, the power consumption of the compressor and the fan is reduced, and the power consumption of the whole vehicle is reduced.
(3) The invention can sequentially use two heat sources of water side and air side in a serial connection mode at low temperature, thereby avoiding the problem of poor oil return caused by low flow of the refrigerants of two branches when the heat of the two low-temperature heat sources is respectively absorbed in parallel connection.
(4) Under the condition of extremely low temperature that the heat pump can not be used, the requirements of different heating amounts and temperatures for the passenger cabin and the power battery are realized by using the electric heater through the unique waterway mixing design, and the heat pump has the advantage of low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle heat pump system with both efficiency and cost according to the present embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating sub-circuit according to the embodiment;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power battery sub-circuit according to the present embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electric heating sub-circuit of the power battery in the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cooling sub-circuit of the driving motor according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cooling sub-circuit of the water-cooled condenser in this embodiment;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the evaporator sub-circuit in the present embodiment;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the cooler sub-circuit in this embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the passenger compartment cooling mode in the present embodiment;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the cooling mode of the battery through the radiator in the present embodiment;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a cooling mode of the driving motor according to the present embodiment;
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the battery in the present embodiment in a refrigerant cooling mode;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the simultaneous cooling mode of the passenger compartment and the battery in the present embodiment;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode in this embodiment for absorbing heat from ambient air;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode in this embodiment for heat storage and heat absorption from the battery;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a principle of the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode in the embodiment for absorbing heat from the motor waste heat;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode in the embodiment for absorbing heat from the motor waste heat and the ambient air at the same time;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a passenger compartment heat pump dehumidification mode in the present embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the heating mode of the passenger compartment and the battery using the electric heater according to the present embodiment;
fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of a mode of recovering waste heat of the driving motor to the battery in the present embodiment;
fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of the seven-way valve according to the present embodiment;
fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of the five-way valve according to the present embodiment;
in the figure: 1-a first water pump; 2-a warm air core body; 3-an electric heater; 4-a first three-way valve (with proportional adjustment function); 5-a second water pump; 6-a power battery; 7-a second three-way valve; 8-a first four-way valve; 9-a cooler; 10-a second four-way valve; 11-a third water pump; 12-a heat sink; 13-a third three-way valve; 14-fourth three-way valve (with proportional adjustment function); 15-driving a motor; 16-a water-cooled condenser; 17-a cooling fan; 18-a compressor; 19-an internal condenser; 20-a first electronic expansion valve; 21-an evaporator; 22-a second electronic expansion valve; 23-gas-liquid separator.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, by referring to the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are presented by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, a direct heat pump system with a water-cooled condenser includes a coolant loop and a refrigerant loop, where the coolant loop is provided with a coolant, and the refrigerant loop is provided with a refrigerant.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the cooling liquid circuit includes a first water pump 1, a warm air core 2, an electric heater 3, a second water pump 5, a power battery 6, a cooler 9, a third water pump 11, a radiator 12, a driving motor 15, a water-cooled condenser 16, a first valve assembly, and a second valve assembly.
The first valve assembly comprises a first three-way valve 4 and a second four-way valve 10; the second valve assembly includes a first four-way valve 8, a second three-way valve 7, a third three-way valve 13 and a fourth three-way valve 14, which are exemplified to describe the direct heat pump system with the water-cooled condenser in detail.
In this embodiment, the cooling liquid loop includes a heating sub-loop, a power battery electric heating sub-loop, a driving motor cooling sub-loop and a water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the heating sub-loop includes a first water pump 1, a warm air core 2, an electric heater 3, and a first three-way valve 4, and the first water pump 1, the warm air core 2, the electric heater 3, and the first three-way valve 4 are sequentially connected in series to form a closed loop.
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the power battery sub-circuit includes a second water pump 5, a power battery 6, a second three-way valve 7, a first four-way valve 8, a cooler 9, and a second four-way valve 10, and the second water pump 5, the power battery 6, the second three-way valve 7, the first four-way valve 8, the cooler 9, and the second four-way valve 10 are sequentially connected in series to form a closed loop.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the electric heater 3 is added to the power battery sub-circuit, and the electric heater 3, the first four-way valve 8, the second three-way valve 7, the power battery 6, the second water pump 5, the second four-way valve 10 and the first three-way valve 4 are sequentially connected in series to form a closed loop.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the driving motor cooling sub-circuit includes a third water pump 11, a radiator 12, a third three-way valve 13, a fourth three-way valve 14, a first four-way valve 8, a driving motor 15, and a second four-way valve 10; the third water pump 11, the radiator 12, the third three-way valve 13, the fourth three-way valve 14, the first four-way valve 8, the driving motor 15 and the second four-way valve 10 are sequentially connected in series to form a closed loop.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, a cooling fan 17 is disposed behind the radiator 12, and an air flow is provided to the radiator 12 as necessary to promote heat exchange of the radiator with ambient air.
As shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the water-cooled condenser cooling sub-circuit includes a third water pump 11, a radiator 12, a third three-way valve 13, a fourth three-way valve 14, and a water-cooled condenser 16; the third water pump 11, the radiator 12, the third three-way valve 13, the fourth three-way valve 14 and the water-cooled condenser 16 are sequentially connected in series to form a closed loop.
In this embodiment, the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 18, an internal condenser 19, a water-cooled condenser 16, a first electronic expansion valve 20, an evaporator 21, a second electronic expansion valve 22, a cooler 9, and a gas-liquid separator 23. The refrigerant circuit includes an evaporator sub-circuit and a cooler sub-circuit.
As shown in fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the evaporator sub-circuit includes a compressor 18, an internal condenser 19, a water-cooled condenser 16, a first electronic expansion valve 20, an evaporator 21, and a gas-liquid separator 23; the compressor 18, the internal condenser 19, the water-cooled condenser 16, the first electronic expansion valve 20, the evaporator 21, and the gas-liquid separator 23 are sequentially connected in series to form a closed loop.
As shown in fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the cooler sub-circuit includes a compressor 18, an internal condenser 19, a water-cooled condenser 16, a second electronic expansion valve 22, a cooler 9, and a gas-liquid separator 23; the compressor 18, the internal condenser 19, the water-cooled condenser 16, the second electronic expansion valve 22, the cooler 9 and the gas-liquid separator 23 are connected in series in this order to form a closed loop.
In this embodiment, the heat pump system includes a passenger cabin cooling mode, a battery through radiator cooling mode, a driving motor cooling mode, a battery through refrigerant cooling mode, a passenger cabin and battery simultaneous cooling mode, a passenger cabin heat pump heating mode, a passenger cabin heat pump dehumidification mode, a passenger cabin and power battery heating mode using an electric heater, a driving motor waste heat recovery to battery heating mode, and a related mode simultaneous situation.
As shown in fig. 9, a schematic diagram of the passenger compartment cooling mode is shown. By opening the evaporator sub-circuit and the water cooled condenser cooling sub-circuit. The method comprises the following steps: the refrigerant in the evaporator sub-circuit passes through the internal condenser 19 (in this case, the internal condenser temperature damper is partially or completely closed according to whether or not it is multi-temperature zone control) and the water-cooled condenser 16, and exchanges heat with the coolant in the water-cooled condenser cooling sub-circuit at the water-cooled condenser 16, and the refrigerant absorbs heat by evaporation through the evaporator 21 after condensing and releasing heat, thereby cooling the passenger compartment. After the cooling liquid in the cooling sub-loop of the water-cooled condenser absorbs the heat of the refrigerant, the cooling liquid flows through the radiator 12 to radiate heat by adjusting the valve position of the third three-way valve 13, and the radiated cooling liquid flows into the water-cooled condenser 16 through the third three-way valve 13 and the fourth three-way valve 14 to exchange heat.
As shown in fig. 10, a schematic diagram of the cooling mode of the battery through the radiator is shown. The battery is generally used for a less severe thermal management working condition through a radiator cooling mode, such as a city working condition in spring and autumn, and is realized by connecting a power battery sub-loop and a driving motor cooling sub-loop in series, specifically: the cooling liquid passes through the second three-way valve 7 and the first four-way valve 8 after coming out of the power battery 6 in the power battery sub-loop, then passes through the driving motor 15, the second four-way valve 10, the third water pump 11 and the radiator 12 in sequence, dissipates heat at the radiator 12, and enters the power battery sub-loop again after passing through the third three-way valve 13, the fourth three-way valve 14 and the first four-way valve 8, passes through the cooler 9, the second four-way valve 10 and the second water pump 5 in sequence, and then enters the power battery 6 to complete a cycle.
As shown in fig. 11, in order to realize the driving motor cooling mode, the driving motor cooling sub-circuit is specifically: the high-temperature cooling liquid from the driving motor 15 sequentially passes through the second four-way valve 10 and the third water pump 11, dissipates heat at the radiator 12, and then returns to the driving motor 15 through the third three-way valve 13, the fourth three-way valve 14 and the first four-way valve 8, so that the purpose of cooling the driving motor is realized.
As shown in fig. 12, the battery is in a refrigerant cooling mode, and is generally used in a worse heat management working condition, such as a fast charge working condition, a high temperature and high speed working condition or a high Wen Papo working condition, by opening a cooler sub-loop and a water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop to couple with a power battery sub-loop; the method comprises the following steps: the refrigerant in the cooler sub-loop flows out from the compressor 18, passes through the internal condenser 19 (at the moment, the warm air door of the air conditioner box is closed) and the water-cooled condenser 16, exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop at the position of the water-cooled condenser 16, absorbs heat through evaporation by the cooler 9 after the refrigerant is condensed, and cools the cooling liquid in the power battery sub-loop. After the coolant in the coolant sub-loop of the water-cooled condenser absorbs the heat of the refrigerant through the water-cooled condenser 16, the coolant flows through the radiator through the third three-way valve 13 to dissipate heat, and the cooled coolant flows into the water-cooled condenser 16 through the third three-way valve 13 and the fourth three-way valve 14 to condense the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser. The cooling liquid in the sub-loop of the power battery passes through the second three-way valve 7 and the first four-way valve 8 after coming out of the power battery 6, the evaporated refrigerant absorbs heat to cool at the cooler 9, and then the cooling liquid returns to the power battery through the second four-way valve 10 and the second water pump 5 (at the moment, the bypass branch is disconnected by the second three-way valve 7), so that the cooling circulation is completed.
As shown in fig. 13, the passenger compartment and battery simultaneous cooling mode, that is, the aforementioned passenger compartment cooling mode and battery are divided into two branches after the water-cooled condenser 16 of the refrigerant circuit by the refrigerant cooling mode, the two branches respectively correspond to the evaporator 21 for passenger compartment cooling and the cooler 9 for power battery cooling.
In this embodiment, the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode includes a heat sub-mode from ambient air, a heat storage sub-mode from a battery, a heat sub-mode from motor waste heat, and a heat sub-mode from both ambient air and motor waste heat.
As shown in fig. 14, in the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode, a sub-mode is absorbed from ambient air, specifically: the refrigerant in the cooler sub-circuit flows through the internal condenser 19 after exiting the compressor 18, at this time, the temperature damper is partially or fully opened, the air flow at the internal condenser 19 undergoes heat exchange, the refrigerant is subjected to exothermic condensation to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant passes through the water-cooled condenser 16 (no water flow passes through, at this time, the fourth three-way valve 14 closes the water-cooled condenser passage), the second electronic expansion valve 22 is opened, heat is absorbed by evaporation at the cooler 9, and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor 18 through the gas-liquid separator 23. The low-temperature cooling liquid which is subjected to heat absorption and cooling at the cooler 9 (at the moment, the temperature of the cooling liquid is at least 5 ℃ lower than the ambient temperature) sequentially passes through the second four-way valve 10 and the third water pump 11 after coming out of the cooler 9, the heat in the ambient air is absorbed at the radiator 12 due to the temperature difference of the gas and the liquid, and the cooling liquid absorbing the heat returns to the cooler 9 after passing through the third three-way valve 13, the fourth three-way valve 14 and the first four-way valve 8, so that the circulation is completed.
As shown in fig. 15, the sub-mode is heat-stored from the battery for the passenger compartment heat pump heating mode. The cooler sub-circuit goes the same way as the sub-mode absorbs heat from ambient air. Except that the heat absorbed by the cooler 9 comes from the heat storage of the power battery 6.
As shown in fig. 16, the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode is a sub-mode of absorbing heat from the motor waste heat. The cooler sub-circuit goes the same way as the sub-mode absorbs heat from ambient air. Except that the heat absorbed by the cooler 9 is derived from the residual heat of the drive motor 15.
As shown in fig. 17, the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode is a sub-mode of absorbing heat from the ambient air and the motor waste heat simultaneously, and the sub-mode works under urban working conditions with the ambient temperature ranging from-20 ℃ to-10 ℃. The cooler sub-circuit goes the same way as the sub-mode absorbs heat from ambient air. The difference is that the heat absorbed by the cooler 9 comes from the ambient air and the residual heat of the drive motor 15. The low-temperature cooling liquid (at least the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than the ambient temperature by 5 ℃) which is subjected to heat absorption and cooling at the cooler 9 sequentially passes through the second four-way valve 10 and the third water pump 11 after coming out of the cooler 9, the heat in ambient air is absorbed at the radiator 12 due to the temperature difference of the air and the liquid, the cooling liquid absorbing the heat passes through the third three-way valve 13, the fourth three-way valve 14 and the first four-way valve 8, then enters the driving motor 15 to continuously exchange heat and absorb the residual heat of the driving motor 15, then enters the power battery sub-loop, and returns to the cooler 9 after passing through the second water pump 5 and the second three-way valve 7 (at the moment, the power battery is in a bypass mode and is short-circuited), so that the circulation is completed.
As shown in fig. 18, the passenger compartment heat pump dehumidification mode is shown. This mode opens the first electronic expansion valve 20 and the evaporator 21 in the evaporator sub-circuit in parallel with the second electronic expansion valve 22 and the cooler 9 branch on the basis of the passenger compartment heat pump heating mode. The refrigerant releases heat in the interior condenser 19, and absorbs heat in the evaporator 21 for dehumidification. The air is cooled and dehumidified by the evaporator 21 and then heated by the internal condenser 19 to enter the passenger compartment.
As shown in fig. 19, a schematic diagram of the principle of using an electric heater heating mode for the passenger compartment and the power battery is shown. The cooling liquid heated by the electric heater 3 passes through a heating sub-loop and a power battery electric heating sub-loop, and the requirements of different heating amounts of the passenger cabin and the power battery 6 are adjusted by adjusting the opening proportion of the first water pump 1, the second water pump 5 and the first three-way valve 4; the electric heater 3 and the first three-way valve 4 are connected in parallel with the cooler 9, and the flow resistance of the two parallel branches is adjusted by adjusting the opening proportion of the first three-way valve 4 so as to realize the distribution of the flow of the two branches, thereby realizing the adjustment of the heating water temperature of the power battery after the two branches are mixed. When only the passenger compartment is heated, the passage of the first three-way valve 4 to the power battery sub-circuit is completely closed; when only the power battery is heated, the passage of the first three-way valve 4 to the heating sub-circuit is completely closed.
As shown in fig. 20, a schematic diagram of the mode of recovering the waste heat of the driving motor to heat the battery is shown. The cooling liquid sequentially passes through the driving motor 15, the second four-way valve 10 and the second water pump 5, exchanges heat with the power battery 6, and returns to the driving motor 15 to complete circulation after passing through the second three-way valve 7 and the first four-way valve 8.
In the embodiment, the related water valves can be integrated, so that pipelines are reduced, and weight and cost are reduced. As shown in fig. 21, the third three-way valve 13, the fourth three-way valve 14, the first four-way valve 8, and the second three-way valve 7 are integrated into one seven-way valve. As shown in fig. 22, the first three-way valve 4 and the second four-way valve 10 are integrated into one five-way valve.
In this embodiment, a direct heat pump system with a water-cooled condenser as described in this embodiment is used for an electric vehicle.
The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (17)

1. The direct heat pump system with the water-cooled condenser comprises a cooling liquid loop and a refrigerant loop, wherein the cooling liquid loop is internally provided with cooling liquid, and the refrigerant loop is internally provided with refrigerant; the method is characterized in that: the cooling liquid loop comprises a first water pump (1), a warm air core body (2), an electric heater (3), a second water pump (5), a power battery (6), a cooler (9), a third water pump (11), a radiator (12), a driving motor (15), a water-cooled condenser (16), a first valve component and a second valve component, wherein: the first water pump (1), the warm air core body (2), the electric heater (3) and the first valve component are connected in series to form a heating sub-loop; the second water pump (5), the power battery (6), the second valve component, the cooler (9) and the first valve component are connected in series to form a power battery sub-loop; the electric heater (3), the second valve component, the power battery (6), the second water pump (5) and the first valve component are connected in series to form a power battery electric heating sub-loop; the third water pump (11), the radiator (12), the second valve component, the driving motor (15) and the first valve component are connected in series to form a driving motor cooling sub-loop; the third water pump (11), the radiator (12), the second valve component and the water-cooled condenser (16) are connected in series to form a water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop;
The refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor (18), an internal condenser (19), a water-cooled condenser (16), a first electronic expansion valve (20), an evaporator (21), a second electronic expansion valve (22), a cooler (9) and a gas-liquid separator (23), wherein: the compressor (18), the internal condenser (19), the water-cooled condenser (16), the first electronic expansion valve (20), the evaporator (21) and the gas-liquid separator (23) are connected in series to form an evaporator sub-loop; the compressor (18), the internal condenser (19), the water-cooled condenser (16), the second electronic expansion valve (22), the cooler (9) and the gas-liquid separator (23) are connected in series to form a cooler sub-loop.
2. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the first valve component comprises a first three-way valve (4) and a second four-way valve (10); the second valve assembly comprises a first four-way valve (8), a second three-way valve (7), a third three-way valve (13) and a fourth three-way valve (14);
the first water pump (1), the warm air core body (2), the electric heater (3) and the first three-way valve (4) are sequentially connected in series to form a heating sub-loop;
The second water pump (5), the power battery (6), the second three-way valve (7), the first four-way valve (8), the cooler (9) and the second four-way valve (10) are sequentially connected in series to form a power battery sub-loop;
the third water pump (11), the radiator (12), the third three-way valve (13), the fourth three-way valve (14) and the water-cooled condenser (16) are sequentially connected in series to form a water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop;
the electric heater (3), the first four-way valve (8), the second three-way valve (7), the power battery (6), the second water pump (5), the second four-way valve (10) and the first three-way valve (4) are sequentially connected in series to form a power battery electric heating sub-loop;
the third water pump (11), the radiator (12), the third three-way valve (13), the fourth three-way valve (14), the first four-way valve (8), the driving motor (15) and the second four-way valve (10) are sequentially connected in series to form a driving motor cooling sub-loop.
3. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the first valve component adopts a five-way valve; the second valve component adopts a seven-way valve.
4. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 2, wherein: also included is a cooling fan (17), said cooling fan (17) being arranged behind the radiator (12).
5. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the system is provided with a passenger cabin refrigerating mode, and is realized by starting an evaporator sub-loop and a cooling liquid water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop, specifically:
the refrigerant in the evaporator sub-loop is discharged from the compressor (18) and passes through the internal condenser (19) and the water-cooled condenser (16), at the moment, the temperature air door of the internal condenser is partially closed or completely closed according to whether the temperature air door is controlled by a plurality of temperature areas, the heat exchange is carried out between the temperature air door of the internal condenser and the cooling liquid of the water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop at the water-cooled condenser (16), and the refrigerant absorbs heat through evaporation of the evaporator (21) after condensation heat release, so as to cool the passenger cabin;
after the cooling liquid in the cooling sub-loop of the water-cooled condenser absorbs the heat of the refrigerant, the cooling liquid flows through the radiator (12) to dissipate heat, and the cooling liquid after the heat dissipation flows into the water-cooled condenser (16) to exchange heat.
6. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the system is provided with a cooling mode of the battery through a radiator, and is realized by connecting a power battery sub-loop and a driving motor cooling sub-loop in series, specifically:
The cooling liquid enters the driving motor cooling sub-loop after coming out of the power battery (6) in the power battery sub-loop, sequentially passes through the driving motor (15), the third water pump (11) and the radiator (12), dissipates heat at the radiator (12), and enters the power battery sub-loop again after dissipating heat, passes through the cooler (9) and the second water pump (5), and then enters the power battery (6) to complete a cycle.
7. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the system is provided with a driving motor cooling mode, and is realized through a driving motor cooling sub-loop, specifically:
the high-temperature cooling liquid from the driving motor (15) sequentially passes through the third water pump (11) and the radiator (12), and after radiating at the radiator (12), the cooling liquid returns to the driving motor (15) so as to cool the driving motor.
8. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the system is provided with a battery which is in a refrigerating mode through a refrigerant, and is realized by opening a cooler sub-loop and a water-cooling condenser cooling sub-loop and coupling a power battery sub-loop, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the refrigerant in the cooler sub-loop is discharged from the compressor (18), passes through the internal condenser (19) and the water-cooled condenser (16), exchanges heat with the cooling liquid of the water-cooled condenser cooling sub-loop at the water-cooled condenser (16), absorbs heat through evaporation of the cooler (9) after the refrigerant is condensed and releases heat, and cools the cooling liquid of the power battery sub-loop;
After the cooling liquid of the cooling sub-loop of the water-cooled condenser absorbs the heat of the refrigerant through the water-cooled condenser (16), the cooling liquid flows through the radiator (12) to dissipate heat, and the cooling liquid after heat dissipation flows into the water-cooled condenser (16) to condense the refrigerant in the water-cooled condenser;
the cooling liquid of the power battery sub-loop passes through a cooler (9) after coming out of the power battery (6), the evaporated refrigerant at the cooler (9) absorbs heat to cool, and then returns to the power battery (6) through a second water pump (5) to complete the cooling cycle.
9. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser of claim 8, wherein: the system has a passenger cabin and battery simultaneous cooling mode, namely the passenger cabin cooling mode and the battery are divided into two branches after a water-cooled condenser (16) of a refrigerant loop through a refrigerant cooling mode, and the two branches are respectively corresponding to an evaporator (21) for passenger cabin cooling and a cooler (9) for power battery cooling.
10. A direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the system has a passenger cabin heat pump heating mode in which no coolant flows in the water cooled condenser (16), the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode including a sub-mode of absorbing heat from ambient air, specifically:
The refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser (19) after coming out of the compressor (18), at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser (19) is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant is subjected to exothermic condensation to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is subjected to evaporation and heat absorption at the cooler (9) after passing through the water-cooled condenser (16), and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor (18) through the gas-liquid separator (23);
after the low-temperature cooling liquid which is cooled by heat absorption at the cooler (9) passes through the third water pump (11) after coming out of the cooler (9), the cooling liquid which absorbs heat in the ambient air is absorbed at the radiator (12) and then returns to the cooler (9) to complete circulation.
11. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 10, wherein: the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode further comprises a heat storage and absorption sub-mode from a battery, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser (19) after coming out of the compressor (18), at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser (19) is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant is subjected to exothermic condensation to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is subjected to evaporation and heat absorption at the cooler (9) after passing through the water-cooled condenser (16), and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor (18) through the gas-liquid separator (23);
Wherein the heat absorbed by the cooler (9) comes from the battery to store heat.
12. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 11, wherein: the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode further comprises a secondary motor waste heat absorption sub-mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser (19) after coming out of the compressor (18), at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser (19) is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant is subjected to exothermic condensation to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is subjected to evaporation and heat absorption at the cooler (9) after passing through the water-cooled condenser (16), and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor (18) through the gas-liquid separator (23);
wherein, the heat absorbed by the cooler (9) comes from the waste heat of the driving motor.
13. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 12, wherein: the passenger cabin heat pump heating mode further comprises a sub-mode for absorbing heat from ambient air and motor waste heat at the same time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the refrigerant in the sub-loop of the cooler flows through the internal condenser (19) after coming out of the compressor (18), at the moment, the temperature air door is partially or completely opened, the air flow at the internal condenser (19) is subjected to heat exchange, the refrigerant is subjected to exothermic condensation to heat the passenger cabin, the condensed refrigerant is subjected to evaporation and heat absorption at the cooler (9) after passing through the water-cooled condenser (16), and then the refrigerant returns to the compressor (18) through the gas-liquid separator (23); the heat absorbed by the cooler (9) is sequentially from the ambient air and the waste heat of the driving motor;
After the low-temperature cooling liquid which is subjected to heat absorption and cooling at the cooler (9) is discharged from the cooler (9) and sequentially passes through the third water pump (11), heat in ambient air is absorbed at the radiator (12), the cooling liquid which absorbs the heat enters the driving motor (15) to continuously exchange heat and absorb the waste heat of the driving motor (15), then enters the power battery sub-loop, and returns to the cooler (9) after passing through the second water pump (5), so that circulation is completed.
14. A direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein: the system is provided with a passenger cabin heat pump dehumidification mode, and specifically comprises the following steps:
opening a first electronic expansion valve (20) and an evaporator (21) in an evaporator sub-loop on the basis of a passenger cabin heat pump heating mode, and connecting the first electronic expansion valve (22) and a cooler (9) branch in parallel; the refrigerant releases heat in the internal condenser (19), absorbs heat in the evaporator (21) to dehumidify, and the air is cooled and dehumidified by the evaporator (21) and then heated by the internal condenser (19) to enter the passenger cabin.
15. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 9, wherein: the system is provided with a passenger cabin and a power battery, and an electric heater (3) is used for heating, specifically:
The cooling liquid heated by the electric heater (3) passes through a heating sub-loop and a power battery electric heating sub-loop, and the requirements of different heating amounts of the passenger cabin and the power battery are adjusted by adjusting the opening proportion of the first water pump (1), the second water pump (5) and the first valve component; in the electric heating sub-loop of the power battery, the electric heater (3) is connected in parallel with the cooler (9), and the flow resistance of the two parallel branches is adjusted by adjusting the opening proportion of the first valve component so as to realize the flow distribution of the two branches, thereby realizing the adjustment of the heating water temperature of the power battery after the two branches are mixed; when only the passenger compartment is heated, the passage of the first valve assembly to the power cell sub-circuit is completely closed; when only the power cell is heating, the passage of the first valve assembly to the heating sub-circuit is completely closed.
16. The direct heat pump system with water cooled condenser as set forth in claim 9, wherein: the system has a mode of recovering waste heat of a driving motor to heat a battery, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the driving motor (15) and the second water pump (5) are connected in series with the power battery (6), and the cooling liquid passes through the driving motor (15) and the second water pump (5) and exchanges heat with the power battery (6) and returns to the driving motor (15) to complete circulation.
17. An electric automobile, characterized in that: use of a direct heat pump system with a water cooled condenser according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
CN202310776251.8A 2023-06-28 2023-06-28 Direct heat pump system with water-cooled condenser and electric automobile Pending CN116729067A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310776251.8A CN116729067A (en) 2023-06-28 2023-06-28 Direct heat pump system with water-cooled condenser and electric automobile

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310776251.8A CN116729067A (en) 2023-06-28 2023-06-28 Direct heat pump system with water-cooled condenser and electric automobile

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116729067A true CN116729067A (en) 2023-09-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310776251.8A Pending CN116729067A (en) 2023-06-28 2023-06-28 Direct heat pump system with water-cooled condenser and electric automobile

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Country Link
CN (1) CN116729067A (en)

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