CN116726880A - Magnetic biochar and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic biochar and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116726880A CN116726880A CN202310930768.8A CN202310930768A CN116726880A CN 116726880 A CN116726880 A CN 116726880A CN 202310930768 A CN202310930768 A CN 202310930768A CN 116726880 A CN116726880 A CN 116726880A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- MSMNVXKYCPHLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;oxalic acid;hydrate Chemical compound N.N.O.OC(=O)C(O)=O MSMNVXKYCPHLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940044631 ferric chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102100032369 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 112 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 102100036763 Extended synaptotagmin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101100059310 Homo sapiens CCDC112 gene Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 101000851525 Homo sapiens Extended synaptotagmin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 229940040526 anhydrous sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004827 dibenzo-1,4-dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004826 dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000590 oncogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002246 oncogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000378 teratogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003390 teratogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
- B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2064—Chlorine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a magnetic biochar and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: fully grinding and mixing waste biomass, ammonium oxalate monohydrate and potassium bicarbonate in proportion, calcining the mixture in a nitrogen environment, cleaning the obtained calcined product, drying and grinding, weighing 0.5-1g of ground product, dispersing into 25-35ml of ethylene glycol, and adding the mixture into the mixture in a mass ratio of (1-1.5): 1 and ferric chloride hexahydrate, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 8-20 hours at 210 ℃, and carrying out magnet separation and drying after cleaning the obtained hydrothermal reaction product, thus obtaining the magnetic biochar. The magnetic biochar has larger specific surface area, pore volume and saturation magnetization intensity, is used for adsorbing dioxin in flue gas treatment, has the adsorption efficiency of 99.8 percent, can regenerate and complete degradation of dioxin in a nitrogen environment, realizes the recycling of an activated carbon material, and still maintains a better pore structure after the regeneration in the nitrogen environment.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of biochar, and particularly relates to magnetic biochar and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The biochar refers to a stable porous carbon-rich carbon-fixing substance generated by high-temperature thermal pyrolysis of biomass raw materials such as agricultural and forestry wastes under the condition of oxygen deficiency or oxygen-free. Biochar is often used in water pollution treatments. However, the biochar has small particle size, is difficult to recover and easy to run off in practical application, and is prepared by loading magnetic substances on the biochar.
Because the magnetic biochar has the excellent characteristics of high carbon content, large specific surface area, secondary separation and the like, based on the characteristics, the magnetic biochar can also utilize a magnetic separation technology after application, and magnetic substances are separated from a system by applying an external magnetic field, so that the recycling of the magnetic biochar material is realized.
Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs) in flue gas are semi-volatile organic compounds with stronger biological toxicity, have irreversible 'teratogenic, oncogenic, mutagenic' toxicity, and can be enriched in organisms. The dioxin in the atmosphere is mainly produced by solid waste incineration and metal smelting, and the dioxin produced by the industrial garbage incineration is generally removed by adopting an active carbon spraying method. Although the vast majority of dioxin in the flue gas can be removed by adopting activated carbon spraying, the activated carbon after adsorbing the dioxin is generally subjected to landfill treatment together with fly ash, so that the waste of the activated carbon is caused, and the leakage of the dioxin in soil and underground water can be caused, so that secondary pollution of the environment is caused. At present, the magnetic activated carbon material is mainly applied to the field of wastewater treatment, and the application in the field of flue gas treatment is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems existing at present, the application provides the magnetic biochar, the preparation method and the application thereof, and the magnetic biochar prepared by the method has larger specific surface area, pore volume and saturation magnetization intensity, and still maintains a better pore structure after regeneration in a nitrogen environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical means:
the first aspect of the application provides a method for preparing magnetic biochar, comprising the following steps:
(1) Waste biomass, ammonium oxalate monohydrate and potassium bicarbonate are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: (2-4): 1, fully grinding and mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Calcining the mixture in the step (1) in a nitrogen environment to obtain a calcined product;
(3) Cleaning, drying and grinding the calcined product in the step (2) to obtain a ground product;
(4) Weighing 0.5-1g of the grinding product obtained in (3), dispersing into 25-35ml of ethylene glycol, and adding the grinding product into the mixture in a mass ratio of (1-1.5): 1 sodium acetate and ferric trichloride hexahydrate, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 8-20 hours at 210 ℃ to obtain a hydrothermal reaction product;
(5) And (3) cleaning the hydrothermal reaction product of the step (4), separating by a magnet and drying to obtain the magnetic biochar.
Further, the waste biomass in the step (1) is one or more of corncob powder, straw powder, bamboo powder and wood powder, and the fineness is 50-70 meshes.
Further, the calcining treatment in the step (2) is as follows: adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a muffle furnace, heating to 800-900 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment, calcining for 1h, and naturally cooling.
Further, the cleaning method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: dispersing the calcined product obtained in the step (2) in deionized water, adding 8-12ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12-15h, and carrying out suction filtration until the filtrate is neutral.
Further, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the grinding product to the ferric trichloride hexahydrate is 1: (2-4).
Further, in the step (5), the cleaning method comprises the following steps: and (3) centrifugally cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol and centrifugally cleaning by deionized water.
A second aspect of the present application provides a pre-useThe magnetic biochar prepared by the preparation method is prepared by taking waste biomass as a raw material, mixing and calcining the waste biomass, ammonium oxalate monohydrate and potassium bicarbonate, taking ethylene glycol as a reducing agent, sodium acetate as a stabilizer and ferric trichloride hexahydrate as a metal source through hydrothermal reaction, and the magnetic biochar material has a larger specific surface area: 1157-1957m 2 /g, micropore area: 724-1428m 2 /g, total pore volume: 0.62-0.95cm 3 Volume of microwell/g: 0.26-0.61cm 3 /g, average pore size: 1.94-2.27nm and saturation magnetization of 2.0-3.4emu/g.
The third aspect of the application provides an application of the magnetic biochar in removing dioxin in flue gas, the adsorption efficiency of the magnetic biochar on the dioxin is up to 99.8%, the magnetic biochar can be regenerated in a nitrogen environment and can be degraded to realize the recycling of the activated carbon material, and a good pore structure is maintained after the regeneration in the nitrogen environment.
The beneficial effects of the application are that
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: the magnetic biochar material obtained by adopting the activating agent and the preparation method provided by the application has larger specific surface area: 1157-1957m 2 /g, micropore area: 724-1428m 2 /g, total pore volume: 0.62-0.95cm 3 Volume of microwell/g: 0.26-0.61cm 3 /g, average pore size: 1.94-2.27nm and saturation magnetization intensity of 2.0-3.4emu/g, compared with the adsorption efficiency of 90.3% of the common active carbon material applied to the removal of dioxin in flue gas at present, the adsorption efficiency of the magnetic biochar material to the dioxin reaches 99.8%, under the condition of ensuring the efficient removal of the dioxin in the flue gas, the magnetic separation technology can be utilized, so that the recovery of the magnetic biochar and the dioxin mixed in the fly ash can be realized, the secondary environmental pollution is avoided, the low-toxicity fly ash can be separated at the same time, and the further recycling utilization can be realized.
The magnetic biochar after adsorbing the dioxin can be regenerated and degraded by adopting a mode of heating and desorbing in a nitrogen environment, the desorption rate is up to 99.8% at 400 ℃, the pore structure of the material cannot be damaged, the regenerated activated carbon material can still efficiently adsorb the dioxin, the recycling of the activated carbon material is realized, the economic value is excellent, and the magnetic biochar material still keeps a good pore structure after being regenerated in the nitrogen environment.
The magnetic activated carbon is applied to the removal of the dioxin in the flue gas, and the repeated use of the magnetic activated carbon material and the efficient removal of the dioxin in the flue gas can be realized through the cooperative utilization of a magnetic separation technology and a nitrogen environment regeneration technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of magnetic biochar, wherein (a), (c), (e), (g) are electron microscope images of the product MBC1 of example 1; (b) (d), (f) and (h) are electron microscope pictures of the product MBC2 of example 2;
FIG. 2 shows a hysteresis curve (VSM) diagram of magnetic biochar;
FIG. 3 shows nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms and pore size distribution plots of magnetic biochar;
FIG. 4 shows an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of magnetic biochar;
fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the application of magnetic biochar in flue gas dioxin removal.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the application more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.
Examples
The following examples are presented herein to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the present application. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventor to function in the practice of the application, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. Those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit or scope of the application.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as is commonly understood by reference. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the application described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the claims.
Example 1
(1) 6g of corncob powder with fineness of 60 meshes, 18g of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 6g of potassium bicarbonate are weighed, fully ground and mixed, added into a muffle furnace, calcined for 1h at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment, naturally cooled, the cooled product after calcination is dispersed in deionized water, 10ml of hydrochloric acid is added, stirring is carried out for 12h, suction filtration is carried out until filtrate is neutral, solid is dried and ground, and a product A is obtained.
(2) 1.5g of ferric trichloride hexahydrate is weighed and dispersed in 30ml of ethylene glycol by ultrasonic, 1.8g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 0.75g of the obtained product A are added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30min and then subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 210 ℃ for 18h, the hydrothermal reaction product is washed three times by absolute ethyl alcohol and then is washed three times by deionized water, and the magnetic biochar MBC1 is obtained after drying, wherein the saturation magnetization is 2.0emu/g, and the pore parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 2
(1) 6g of corncob powder with fineness of 60 meshes, 18g of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 6g of potassium bicarbonate are weighed, fully ground and mixed, added into a muffle furnace, calcined for 1h at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment, naturally cooled, the cooled product after calcination is dispersed in deionized water, 10ml of hydrochloric acid is added, stirring is carried out for 12h, suction filtration is carried out until filtrate is neutral, solid is dried and ground, and a product B is obtained.
(2) 3g of ferric trichloride hexahydrate is weighed and dispersed in 30ml of ethylene glycol by ultrasonic, 3.6g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 0.75g of obtained product B are added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30min and then subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 210 ℃ for 18h, the hydrothermal reaction product is washed three times by absolute ethyl alcohol and then is washed three times by deionized water, and the magnetic biochar MBC2 is obtained after drying, wherein the saturation magnetization is 3.4emu/g, and the pore parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 3
(1) Weighing 6g of straw powder with fineness of 60 meshes, fully grinding and mixing 18g of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 6g of potassium bicarbonate, adding into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment to 800 ℃, naturally cooling, dispersing the calcined cooling product in deionized water, adding 10ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12h, filtering until filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding the solid to obtain a product C.
(2) 1.5g of ferric trichloride hexahydrate is weighed and dispersed in 30ml of ethylene glycol by ultrasonic, 1.8g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 0.75g of obtained product C are added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30min and then subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 210 ℃ for 18h, the hydrothermal reaction product is washed three times by absolute ethyl alcohol and then is washed three times by deionized water, and the magnetic biochar MBC3 is obtained after drying, wherein the saturation magnetization is 1.8emu/g, and the pore parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 4
(1) Weighing 6g of bamboo powder with fineness of 60 meshes, fully grinding and mixing 18g of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 6g of potassium bicarbonate, adding into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment to 800 ℃, naturally cooling, dispersing the calcined cooling product in deionized water, adding 10ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12h, filtering until filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding the solid to obtain a product D.
(2) 1.5g of ferric trichloride hexahydrate is weighed and dispersed in 30ml of ethylene glycol by ultrasonic, 1.8g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 0.75g of obtained product D are added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30min and then subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 210 ℃ for 18h, the hydrothermal reaction product is washed three times by absolute ethyl alcohol and then is washed three times by deionized water, and the magnetic biochar MBC4 is obtained after drying, wherein the saturation magnetization is 2.0emu/g, and the pore parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 5
(1) Weighing 6g of wood powder with fineness of 60 meshes, fully grinding and mixing 18g of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 6g of potassium bicarbonate, adding into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment and then naturally cooling, dispersing the calcined cooled product in deionized water, adding 10ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12h, filtering until filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding the solid to obtain a product E.
(2) 1.5g of ferric trichloride hexahydrate is weighed and dispersed in 30ml of ethylene glycol by ultrasonic, 1.8g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 0.75g of obtained product E are added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30min and then subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 210 ℃ for 18h, the hydrothermal reaction product is washed three times by absolute ethyl alcohol and then is washed three times by deionized water, and the magnetic biochar MBC5 with saturation magnetization of 2.1emu/g and pore parameters shown in table 1 is obtained after drying.
Example 6
(1) Weighing 6g of corn cob and straw mixed powder with fineness of 60 meshes, fully grinding and mixing 18g of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 6g of potassium bicarbonate, adding into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment, naturally cooling, dispersing the calcined cooling product in deionized water, adding 10ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12h, filtering until filtrate is neutral, drying the solid, and grinding to obtain a product F.
(2) 1.5g of ferric trichloride hexahydrate is weighed and dispersed in 30ml of ethylene glycol by ultrasonic, 1.8g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 0.75g of obtained product F are added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 30min and then subjected to hydrothermal reaction at 210 ℃ for 18h, the hydrothermal reaction product is washed three times by absolute ethyl alcohol and then is washed three times by deionized water, and the magnetic biochar MBC6 is obtained after drying, wherein the saturation magnetization is 2.0emu/g, and the pore parameters are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
Weighing 6g of cellulose powder, 6g of ammonium oxalate monohydrate and 18g of sodium bicarbonate, fully grinding and mixing, adding into a muffle furnace, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment, calcining for 1h, naturally cooling, dispersing the calcined cooling product in deionized water, adding 10ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12h, filtering until filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding the solid, and obtaining the non-magnetic biochar BC1. The pore parameters are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
6g of corncob powder with fineness of 60 meshes is weighed, 24g of potassium bicarbonate is fully ground and mixed, then the mixture is added into a muffle furnace, the mixture is calcined for 1h at a temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min to 900 ℃ in a nitrogen environment and then naturally cooled, the calcined cooled product is dispersed in deionized water, 10ml of hydrochloric acid is added, stirring is carried out for 12h, suction filtration is carried out until filtrate is neutral, solid is dried and ground, and the non-magnetic biochar BC2 is obtained. The pore parameters are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 3
Weighing 6g of wheat straw powder with fineness of 60 meshes, 6g of potassium carbonate and 12g of potassium hydroxide, fully grinding and mixing, adding into a muffle furnace, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a nitrogen environment, calcining for 1h, naturally cooling, dispersing the calcined cooling product in deionized water, adding 10ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12h, filtering until filtrate is neutral, drying and grinding the solid, and obtaining the non-magnetic biochar BC3. The pore parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 pore parameters of biochar materials
The magnetic biochars MBC1 and MBC2 prepared in examples 1 and 2 were characterized by a scanning tunnel microscope, the results of which are shown in fig. 1, the magnetic biochars MBC1 and MBC2 prepared in examples 1 and 2 were characterized by a vibrating sample magnetometer, the results of which are shown in fig. 2, the magnetic biochars MBC1 and MBC2 prepared in examples 1 and 2 were characterized by a nitrogen isothermal adsorption and desorption test, the results of which are shown in fig. 3, and the magnetic biochars MBC1 and MBC2 prepared in examples 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, the results of which are shown in fig. 4.
Example 7
100mg of the magnetic biochar MBC1-MBC6 obtained in the example and the non-magnetic biochar BC1-BC3 are weighed, a dioxin adsorption experiment is carried out at 160 ℃, the carrier gas flow is set to be 500ml/min, the oxygen content is set to be 11%, and the adsorption is carried out for 1h. The efficiency of the biochar material in removing dioxin is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 efficiency of biochar materials in removal of dioxins
The results show that: although the MBC1-MBC6 adopts different raw materials, the same activating agent is adopted, and the prepared magnetic biochar has better dioxin removal efficiency and little difference, so that the method has less influence on the adsorption effect of the raw materials on the biochar. The biological carbon prepared by BC1-BC3 adopting different activating agents has poor efficiency for removing dioxin, and the difference is obvious, which shows that the activating agents in the method have great influence on the adsorption effect of the biological carbon, and the magnetic biological carbon prepared by the activating agents and the method has better efficiency for removing dioxin.
Example 8
And heating the magnetic biochar MBC1-MBC6 and the non-magnetic biochar BC1-BC3 after dioxin adsorption at 400 ℃ for 1h in a nitrogen environment, and setting the nitrogen flow to be 200ml/min. The dioxin desorption rate and the material pore loss rate after regeneration of the biochar material are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 desorption rate of dioxins, porosity loss rate of regenerated materials
| Dioxin desorption rate (%) | Porosity loss rate | |
| MBC1 | 99.5 | 0.7 |
| MBC2 | 99.8 | 0.8 |
| MBC3 | 99.8 | 0.4 |
| MBC4 | 99.4 | 0.4 |
| MBC5 | 99.5 | 0.9 |
| MBC6 | 99.7 | 0.5 |
| BC1 | 99.8 | 0.5 |
| BC2 | 99.3 | 1.2 |
| BC3 | 99.4 | 0.7 |
The results show that: the magnetic biochar and the biochar without carrying magnetism are desorbed after dioxin is adsorbed, the difference of the desorption rates of the dioxin is small, the difference of the pore loss rates of the biochar is small, and the biochar is suitable for recycling.
Example 9
The magnetic biochar can be recycled after the dioxin in the incineration flue gas is removed, as shown in fig. 5, the incineration flue gas and fly ash in the boiler enter a quenching tower and then are deacidified by a dry method, then the incineration flue gas and fly ash after the deacidification of the magnetic biochar enter a dust removal cloth bag to adsorb the dioxin, and the adsorbed flue gas enters a wet method to be deacidified and then is discharged from a chimney.
The magnetic biochar after adsorbing the dioxin enters a low-temperature pyrolysis furnace to carry out desorption and low-temperature degradation of the dioxin, the magnetic biochar with fly ash enters a magnetic separator to be separated, meanwhile, low-toxicity fly ash can be obtained, the low-toxicity fly ash can be further recycled, and the obtained magnetic biochar is supplied to an activated carbon injector and is circularly used for adsorbing the dioxin in the deacidified incineration flue gas.
All documents mentioned in this disclosure are incorporated by reference in this disclosure as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Further, it will be appreciated that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the magnetic biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Waste biomass, ammonium oxalate monohydrate and potassium bicarbonate are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: (2-4): 1, fully grinding and mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Calcining the mixture in the step (1) in a nitrogen environment to obtain a calcined product;
(3) Cleaning, drying and grinding the calcined product in the step (2) to obtain a ground product;
(4) Weighing 0.5-1g of the grinding product obtained in the step (3), dispersing the grinding product into 25-35ml of glycol, and adding the grinding product into the glycol according to the mass ratio of (1-1.5): 1 sodium acetate and ferric trichloride hexahydrate, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 8-20 hours at 210 ℃ to obtain a hydrothermal reaction product;
(5) And (3) cleaning the hydrothermal reaction product of the step (4), separating by a magnet and drying to obtain the magnetic biochar.
2. The method for preparing magnetic biochar according to claim 1, wherein the waste biomass in the step (1) is one or more of corncob powder, straw powder, bamboo powder and wood powder, and the fineness is 50-70 meshes.
3. The method for preparing magnetic biochar according to claim 1, wherein the calcining treatment in the step (2) is: adding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a muffle furnace, heating to 800-900 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min under a nitrogen environment, calcining for 1h, and naturally cooling.
4. The method for preparing magnetic biochar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cleaning method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: dispersing the calcined product obtained in the step (2) in deionized water, adding 8-12ml of hydrochloric acid, stirring for 12-15h, and carrying out suction filtration until the filtrate is neutral.
5. The method for preparing magnetic biochar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the mass ratio of the grinding product to the ferric trichloride hexahydrate is 1: (2-4).
6. The method for preparing magnetic biochar according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the cleaning method comprises the following steps: and (3) centrifugally cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol and centrifugally cleaning by deionized water.
7. A magnetic biochar produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The use of the magnetic biochar according to claim 7 for removing dioxin from flue gas.
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