CN116722745A - Double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection - Google Patents
Double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with a hardware overcurrent protection function, and relates to the technical field of BUCK power supplies. The invention comprises a rectifying circuit, a singlechip control system, a driving circuit, an isolating circuit, a direct current bus voltage detection circuit, a direct current bus overcurrent protection circuit, a voltage full-control type power electronic device, a voltage stabilizing capacitor, an inductor and a diode; by adding a hardware overcurrent protection circuit and matching with a singlechip main control system program, the switching device is turned off when overcurrent occurs. Two paths of PWM signals generated by a PWM module in the singlechip control system are sent out through two channels of a single timer, so that the count value of the generated PWM signals is ensured to be synchronous, and the forming process of the PWM signals is simplified. The frequency of PWM signals for driving the two switching tubes under double-tube modulation is half of the frequency of PWM signals required by circuit chopping, so that the switching loss of a single switching tube under double-tube modulation is reduced, the operating temperature of the switching tube is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the service life of a BUCK power supply is greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of BUCK power supplies, in particular to a double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection.
Background
The BUCK power supply is a typical switching power supply and has the advantages of simple circuit topology, safety, reliability, high efficiency, high precision, low cost and the like. Electronic circuit technology is continuously developed, and functions of electronic equipment tend to be complete and rich, so that requirements on power supplies are also higher and higher. Generally, a switching power supply based on a BUCK topology comprises a switching tube, a singlechip main control system, a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit, and once the switching power supply is started, the output of the switching power supply is stabilized to a preset voltage.
Firstly, the switching frequency is increased, but as the switching frequency is increased, the switching loss of the switch is increased, and the working efficiency of the BUCK power supply is also reduced. It is therefore very valuable to reduce the operating frequency of two switching tubes connected in series with each other in case a certain total switching frequency of the power supply is required.
Secondly, it is necessary for any switching power supply to have a complete set of protection circuits. Therefore, the power supply can safely work in an abnormal working environment, the direct current bus overcurrent protection is one type of protection circuit, the reliable protection of the BUCK power supply is realized mainly by taking hardware protection as main software protection as auxiliary, and the direct current bus overcurrent protection has higher practical value for the power supply or a user.
However, in the conventional switching power supply based on the BUCK topology, only PWM chopping signals for closed-loop control of a single switching transistor are generally present, so as to realize voltage reduction. When the frequency of the PWM signal required by the circuit is large, the switching loss of the switching tube is increased, and the most visual appearance is that the temperature of the switching tube is increased, so that the service life of the switching tube is reduced; when the duty ratio of the PWM signal required by the circuit is smaller, the switching tube may be turned off when the switching tube is not reliably turned on, so that serious problems are caused; the existing switching power supply does not have the hardware overcurrent protection, and when the current of the power supply is overlarge due to the emergency, the whole power supply can be burnt out; the presence of these three conditions severely reduces the output stability of the power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection, which overcomes the defects that a switching tube is overheated due to too high PWM driving signals and cannot be protected or timely protected when the current is too high in the prior art. The duty ratio is realized by controlling the on and off of the two series voltage full-control power electronic devices, so that the operation temperature of a single switching tube element is reduced, and the stability of the whole system is improved. The invention mainly carries out double-tube modulation and hardware overcurrent protection on the BUCK power supply. The switching frequency of a single switching tube element can be effectively reduced through two switching tube elements, and the overcurrent protection of a direct current bus is realized, so that the BUCK power supply is safer and more reliable.
A double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with a hardware overcurrent protection function comprises a rectifying circuit, a singlechip control system, a driving circuit, an isolation circuit, a direct-current bus voltage detection circuit, a direct-current bus overcurrent protection circuit, a voltage full-control power electronic device, voltage stabilizing capacitors C1 and C2, an inductor and a diode;
the direct current bus voltage detection circuit comprises a direct current bus voltage sampling circuit and an output voltage sampling circuit, and the direct current bus overcurrent protection circuit comprises a sampling resistor, a current sampling circuit and a current comparison circuit;
the input end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the input end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply, the output anode and the output cathode of the rectifying circuit are connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1, the output anode of the rectifying circuit is connected with a direct-current bus voltage sampling circuit, and the output end of the direct-current bus voltage sampling circuit is connected with an ADC module of the singlechip control system;
the input end of the isolation circuit is connected with the PWM module of the singlechip control system, the output end of the isolation circuit is connected with the input end of the driving circuit, the output end of the driving circuit is connected with the voltage full-control type power electronic device, and the voltage full-control type power electronic device comprises a first voltage full-control type power electronic device and a second voltage full-control type power electronic device which are connected in series; the positive electrode of the first voltage full-control type power electronic device is connected with the output positive electrode of the rectifying circuit, the output negative electrode of the rectifying circuit is connected with one end of the current sampling resistor and the input end of the current sampling circuit, the output end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the current comparison circuit, the output end of the current comparison circuit is connected with the GPIO interface of the singlechip control system, and meanwhile, the output negative electrode of the rectifying circuit is connected with the input end of the isolation circuit through an AND gate; the negative electrode of the second voltage full-control type power electronic device is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the inductor and the negative electrode of the diode, the other end of the sampling resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the diode, one end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 and the negative electrode of the output end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply, the inductor is connected with the other end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 and the positive electrode of the output end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end are connected with the output voltage sampling circuit, and the output end of the output voltage sampling circuit is connected with the ADC module of the single-chip microcomputer control system.
The singlechip control system is an STM32G0 control chip, a DSPF280049 control chip or an STM32F103 control chip.
The voltage full-control type power electronic device is a MOS tube, an IGBT tube or a GTR tube.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in:
the invention provides a double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with a hardware overcurrent protection function. The invention can reduce the switching frequency of a single switching device through the matching action (on and off) of two series switching devices in the BUCK circuit, thereby reducing the switching loss of the single switching device, and reducing the switching loss is equivalent to reducing the heating degree of the switching device because of the large on loss of the switching loss of the voltage full-control type power electronic device. On the other hand, the hardware overcurrent protection circuit is added, the total current of the circuit can be rapidly protected through the hardware circuit, when the total current is larger than the hardware setting current, the hardware overcurrent protection circuit instantly sends out a signal to pull down the PWM signal generated by the singlechip main control system, the instant protection function is achieved, and the stability and the service life of the BUCK power supply are directly improved through the two functions. The topology is simple, the cost is low, the service life is long, the power consumption of a single switching tube is low, the operation temperature of the switching tube is effectively reduced, the switching tube has good software and hardware protection functions, and the safe and reliable operation of the BUCK power supply is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a dual-tube modulated BUCK power supply in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the output signal after generating the PWM driving signal required by each switching tube and connecting the PWM driving signals in series according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a current collection circuit in a hardware DC bus overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the input/output characteristics of a current comparator circuit in a DC bus overcurrent protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a main cycle flow of a SCM control system in a BUCK power supply in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection is shown in figure 1, and comprises a rectifying circuit, a singlechip control system, a driving circuit, an isolating circuit connected with the singlechip control system, a direct-current bus voltage detection circuit, a direct-current bus overcurrent protection circuit, a voltage full-control power electronic device, voltage stabilizing capacitors C1 and C2, an inductor L1 and a diode D1;
the direct current bus voltage detection circuit comprises a direct current bus voltage sampling circuit and an output voltage sampling circuit, and the direct current bus overcurrent protection circuit comprises a sampling resistor R1, a current sampling circuit and a current comparison circuit;
the input end of the rectifying circuit is connected with the input end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply, the output anode and the output cathode of the rectifying circuit are connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1, the output anode of the rectifying circuit is connected with a direct-current bus voltage sampling circuit, and the output end of the direct-current bus voltage sampling circuit is connected with an ADC module of the singlechip control system;
the input end of the isolation circuit is connected with the PWM module of the singlechip control system, the output end of the isolation circuit is connected with the input end of the driving circuit, the output end of the driving circuit is connected with the voltage full-control type power electronic device, and the voltage full-control type power electronic device comprises a first voltage full-control type power electronic device and a second voltage full-control type power electronic device which are connected in series; the switching frequency of a single switching tube can be effectively reduced by adopting a double switching tube to generate an effective PWM signal by utilizing a series characteristic, the switching loss of the single switching tube can be effectively reduced, the positive electrode of a first voltage fully-controlled power electronic device is connected with the output positive electrode of the rectifying circuit, the output negative electrode of the rectifying circuit is connected with the current sampling resistor R1 and the input end of the current sampling circuit, the output end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the current comparison circuit, and the output end of the current comparison circuit is connected with the GPIO interface of the singlechip control system and is connected with the input end of the isolation circuit through an AND gate; the negative electrode of the second voltage full-control type power electronic device is respectively connected with the U end of the inductor L1 and the negative electrode of the diode D1, the D end of the sampling resistor R1 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D1, the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 and the negative electrode of the output end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply, the V end of the inductor L1 is connected with the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 and the positive electrode of the output end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end are connected with the output voltage sampling circuit, and the output end of the output voltage sampling circuit is connected with the ADC module of the single-chip microcomputer control system.
Fig. 2 shows the formation process of the time circuit step-down chopper PWM signal. From the dual switch series characteristic of the circuit, the two switches are simultaneously turned on and the circuit is turned off, and the characteristic is similar to an AND gate in a logic gate. Fig. 2 shows PWM signals of the driving voltage full-control type power electronic device 1, PWM signals of the driving voltage full-control type power electronic device 2, PWM signals required for circuit step-down chopping, calculated values and comparison values in PWM modules in single switching transistors, calculated values and comparison values in PWM modules of the driving voltage full-control type power electronic device 1, and calculated values and comparison values in PWM modules of the driving voltage full-control type power electronic device 2 at the same time.
The sampling input end 1 of the current sampling circuit in fig. 3 is connected with the end D of the sampling resistor R1 in the main circuit in fig. 1, the sampling input end 2 is connected with the end S of the sampling resistor R1 in the main circuit, the sampling output end 3 is connected with the comparison input end 4 of the current comparison circuit, the current comparison output end 5 of the current comparison circuit is connected with the end A1 of the AND gate AND1 AND the end B2 of the AND gate AND2, the current comparison output end 5 of the current comparison circuit is connected with the GPIO interface of the singlechip control system, the PWM module of the singlechip control system is respectively connected with the end B1 of the AND gate AND1 AND the end B2 of the AND gate AND2, the output ends of the AND gate AND2 are connected with the input end of the isolation circuit, the output end of the drive circuit is connected with the gate electrode of the voltage full-control device 1 AND the gate electrode of the voltage full-control device 2, the negative electrode of the voltage full-control device 2 is connected with the U end of the inductor L1 AND the negative electrode of the diode D1, the end D of the end D1 is connected with the positive electrode of the diode D1, the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 AND the negative electrode of the output end of the output capacitor C1 are connected with the negative electrode of the output system of the singlechip control system, the output of the voltage of the sampling circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the sampling circuit.
The direct-current bus current protection circuit is simple in topological structure, the switching frequency of a single switching tube can be effectively reduced by adopting a double-switching tube to generate an effective PWM signal by utilizing a series characteristic, and the direct-current bus current protection circuit is further provided with a hardware direct-current bus current protection circuit, can reliably play an overcurrent protection role and has the capability of timely recovering a normal working state, and can be combined with a singlechip control system on the basis to realize permanent overcurrent protection of a direct-current bus.
The singlechip control system is an STM32G0 control chip, a DSPF280049 control chip or an STM32F103 control chip.
The voltage full-control type power electronic device is a MOS tube, an IGBT tube or a GTR tube.
The operation process of the dual-tube modulation BUCK power supply in the embodiment is as follows:
when the singlechip control system receives an external starting signal, the singlechip control system compares the acquired output voltage with an output given voltage value through the ADC sampling module, if the acquired output voltage value is smaller than the output given voltage value, signals are sent out through the two PWM modules to respectively control the on-off of the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices, the time for simultaneously conducting the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices is prolonged, and if the acquired output voltage value is larger than the output given voltage value, signals are sent out through the two PWM modules to respectively control the on-off of the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices, and the time for simultaneously conducting the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices is reduced. The output voltage is maintained at a given value of the output voltage by changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal using the series characteristic.
When the singlechip control system receives an external stop signal, the loading and executing of the singlechip main control system further comprises the following steps: and adjusting the total PWM signal duty ratio of the circuit until the output voltage of the BUCK power supply is 0V.
The two voltage full-control type power electronic devices are mutually conducted to form PWM signals, so that the switching frequency of the single voltage full-control type power electronic device is halved, and the heating degree of the single voltage full-control type power electronic device is reduced.
When the BUCK power supply is short-circuited or the current of a direct-current bus is higher than a set value, the overcurrent protection circuit starts to operate and sends an overcurrent signal to the singlechip control system, the overcurrent protection circuit continuously sends the overcurrent signal, and the singlechip control system determines that the BUCK power supply has an overcurrent problem and controls the PWM module to continuously pull down, so that the voltage fully-controlled power electronic device is permanently closed, and the effect of permanently protecting the BUCK power supply is achieved.
The singlechip control system collects the input voltage of the BUCK power supply through the ADC module, compares the input voltage with the upper voltage limit value and the lower voltage limit value, and enables the driving signal to be permanently pulled down to close the two voltage full-control power electronic devices through the PWM module if the input voltage is lower than the lower voltage limit value or higher than the upper voltage limit value.
The current sampling circuit shown in fig. 3 comprises an operational amplifier N1, resistors R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and a filter capacitor C3, wherein the forward input end of the operational amplifier N1 is connected with the resistors R2 and R4, the resistor R2 is connected with the sampling input end 1, the resistor R4 is directly grounded, the inverting input end is connected with the resistor R3 and the feedback resistor R5, the resistor R3 is connected with the sampling input end 1, the resistor R5 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier N1 and then connected with the resistor R6, the resistor R6 is connected with the sampling output end 3, and the sampling output end 3 is connected with the filter capacitor C2 and the ground. The current sampling is to sample the main current of the circuit by the current sampling circuit and the sampling resistor R1, and the relation between the output voltage and the sampling current is 1V/A by the matching of the resistance parameters, so that the current sampled from the main circuit is output in the same voltage. The output voltage and sampling current of this aspect can also be set to other values to accommodate the power class of the BUCK power supply.
The current comparison circuit shown in fig. 4 comprises an operational amplifier N2, resistors R7, R8 and R9, and a filter capacitor C4, wherein the forward input end of the operational amplifier N2 is connected with R9, R9 is connected with 3.3V, the reverse input end of the operational amplifier N2 is connected with R7, R7 is connected with a comparison input end 4, the comparison output end 5 is connected with the filter capacitors C4 and R8, the filter capacitor C4 is connected with ground, and R8 is connected with 3.3V. The current comparison circuit firstly converts the input current into the input voltage, then converts the input voltage into two states, namely 0V and 3.3V, wherein the output voltage of the current comparison circuit is 0V when the input current exceeds 3.3A, and the output voltage of the current comparison circuit is 3.3V when the input current is lower than 3.3A.
The sampling input end 1 of the current sampling circuit in fig. 3 is connected with the end D of the sampling resistor R1 in the main circuit in fig. 1, the sampling input end 2 is connected with the end S of the sampling resistor R1 in the main circuit, the sampling output end 3 is connected with the comparison input end 4 of the current comparison circuit, AND the current comparison output end 5 of the current comparison circuit is connected with the end A1 of the AND gate AND1 AND the end B2 of the AND gate AND 2.
The current of the collected main circuit can be converted into two states, namely 0V and 3.3V, namely a low potential (0) and a high potential (1) in the logic circuit through the current sampling circuit and the current comparison circuit. Normally, when the current of the main circuit does not exceed 3.3A, one end of the logic AND gate AND1, AND one end of the logic AND gate AND2 is input to be high level, AND by means of the ' zero out zero AND the ' following ' input AND output characteristics of the AND gate, the driving signals of the voltage full control type power electronic device 1 AND the voltage full control type power electronic device 2 generated by the PWM module in the single chip microcomputer control system are not affected, AND when the main circuit is short-circuited, the current is large AND exceeds 3.3A, the output end of the current comparison circuit is 0V, the A1 of the AND gate AND1 AND the B2 of the AND gate AND2 are low potential (0), at this time, the driving signals of the voltage full control type power electronic device 1 AND the voltage full control type power electronic device 2 are pulled low, so that the voltage full control type power electronic device 1 AND the voltage full control type power electronic device 2 are turned off, AND thus the function of hardware overcurrent protection is achieved.
FIG. 5 shows four states of the State machine in the software main loop of the BUCK power supply, namely State_Wait, state_run, state_stop and State_Fault.
The execution process of the control system comprises the following steps:
step 1, initializing after the system is started, wherein the initialization comprises the initialization of a PWM driving module, an AD acquisition module and an I/O port.
And2, the controller detects whether the input voltage and the input current reach the operating standard, if the input voltage and the input current meet the requirements, the state_wait State is entered, and if the input voltage and the input current meet the requirements, the state_fault State is entered.
And step 3, entering a state_wait State, wherein the State is a waiting process, waiting for a starting signal of the singlechip control system, immediately turning to the state_run State after receiving the starting signal, and otherwise, waiting all the time.
And 4, entering a state_run State, entering the state_stop State (the duty ratio of the PWM signal is reduced to 0, and the output voltage is 0) when the singlechip control system receives the Stop signal, starting the PWM signal if the singlechip control system does not receive the Stop signal, and simultaneously comparing the output voltage with a given voltage, if the output voltage is smaller than the given voltage, increasing the duty ratio of the PWM signal to increase the output voltage, otherwise, decreasing the duty ratio of the PWM signal to decrease the output voltage, and finally enabling the output voltage to be the same as the given voltage. In the process, the singlechip control system continuously detects an overcurrent flag signal sent by the hardware overcurrent protection, and if the overcurrent flag bit is continuously received for three times, the state_fault State is switched to (PWM signal is blocked, PWM module is closed), otherwise, the PWM signal is normally output.
After the system program starts, after the operation of step 1 is finished, steps 2 to 4 are circularly executed.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and description of the principles of the technology being employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention in the embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the specific combination of the above technical features, but encompasses other technical features formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such as the above-described features, are mutually substituted with (but not limited to) the features having similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with the hardware overcurrent protection function is characterized by comprising a rectifying circuit, a singlechip control system, a driving circuit, an isolation circuit, a direct-current bus voltage detection circuit, a direct-current bus overcurrent protection circuit, a voltage full-control power electronic device, voltage stabilizing capacitors C1 and C2, an inductor and a diode;
the direct current bus voltage detection circuit comprises a direct current bus voltage sampling circuit and an output voltage sampling circuit, and the direct current bus overcurrent protection circuit comprises a sampling resistor, a current sampling circuit and a current comparison circuit;
the output anode of the rectifying circuit is connected with a direct current bus voltage sampling circuit, and the output end of the direct current bus voltage sampling circuit is connected with an ADC module of the singlechip control system; the input end of the isolation circuit is connected with the PWM module of the singlechip control system, the output end of the isolation circuit is connected with the input end of the driving circuit, and the output end of the driving circuit is connected with the voltage full-control power electronic device.
2. The dual-tube modulated BUCK power supply with hardware over-current protection of claim 1, wherein the voltage-fully-controlled power electronics include a first voltage-fully-controlled power electronics and a second voltage-fully-controlled power electronics, connected in series.
3. The double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with the hardware overcurrent protection function according to claim 2, wherein the positive electrode of the first voltage fully-controlled power electronic device is connected with the output positive electrode of the rectifying circuit, the output negative electrode of the rectifying circuit is connected with one end of the current sampling resistor and the input end of the current sampling circuit, the output end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the current comparison circuit, and the output end of the current comparison circuit is connected with a GPIO interface of a singlechip control system and is connected with the input end of the isolation circuit through an AND gate; the negative electrode of the second voltage full-control type power electronic device is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the inductor and the negative electrode of the diode, the other end of the sampling resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the diode and one end of the stabilizing capacitor C2, the inductor is connected with the other end of the stabilizing capacitor C2, and the output end of the output voltage sampling circuit is connected with the ADC module of the singlechip control system.
4. The dual-tube modulated BUCK power supply with hardware over-current protection according to claim 1, wherein an input terminal of the dual-tube modulated BUCK power supply is connected to an input terminal of the rectifying circuit.
5. The double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with the hardware overcurrent protection function according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode of the output end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply is connected with one end of a voltage stabilizing capacitor C2, the positive electrode of the output end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply is connected with the other end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C2, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the output end of the double-tube modulation BUCK power supply are connected with the output voltage sampling circuit.
6. The dual-tube modulated BUCK power supply with hardware over-current protection of claim 1, wherein the dual-tube modulated BUCK power supply operates as follows:
when the singlechip control system receives an external starting signal, the singlechip control system compares the acquired output voltage with an output given voltage value through an ADC sampling module, if the acquired voltage value is smaller than the output given voltage value, signals are sent out through two PWM modules to respectively control the on-off of two voltage full-control type power electronic devices, the time for simultaneously conducting the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices is prolonged, and if the acquired voltage value is larger than the output given voltage value, signals are sent out through the two PWM modules to respectively control the on-off of the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices, so that the time for simultaneously conducting the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices is reduced; maintaining the output voltage at a given value of the output voltage by changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal using the series characteristic;
when the singlechip control system receives an external stop signal, the loading and executing of the singlechip main control system further comprises the following steps: adjusting the total PWM signal duty ratio of the circuit until the output voltage of the BUCK power supply is 0V;
the two voltage full-control type power electronic devices are mutually conducted to form PWM signals, so that the switching frequency of the single voltage full-control type power electronic device is halved, and the heating degree of the single voltage full-control type power electronic device is reduced;
when the BUCK power supply is short-circuited or the current of a direct-current bus is higher than a set value, the overcurrent protection circuit starts to operate and sends an overcurrent signal to the singlechip control system, the overcurrent protection circuit continuously sends the overcurrent signal, the singlechip control system determines that the BUCK power supply has an overcurrent problem and controls the PWM module to continuously pull down, so that the voltage fully-controlled power electronic device is permanently closed, and the effect of permanently protecting the BUCK power supply is achieved;
the singlechip control system collects the input voltage of the BUCK power supply through the ADC module, compares the input voltage with the upper voltage limit value and the lower voltage limit value, and enables the driving signal to be permanently pulled down to close the two voltage full-control power electronic devices through the PWM module if the input voltage is lower than the lower voltage limit value or higher than the upper voltage limit value.
7. The dual-tube modulated BUCK power supply with the hardware overcurrent protection according to claim 1, wherein the current sampling circuit and the current comparing circuit convert the current of the collected main circuit into two states, namely 0V and 3.3V, namely a low potential 0 and a high potential 1 in the logic circuit; when the current of the main circuit does not exceed 3.3A, one end of the logic AND gate is input into a high level, driving signals of a first voltage full-control type power electronic device and a second voltage full-control type power electronic device generated by a PWM module in the singlechip control system are not affected, when the current exceeds 3.3A, the output end of the current comparison circuit is 0V, one end of the AND gate is low-potential 0, and at the moment, the driving signals of the first voltage full-control type power electronic device and the second voltage full-control type power electronic device are pulled down, so that the first voltage full-control type power electronic device and the second voltage full-control type power electronic device are turned off, and the function of hardware overcurrent protection is achieved.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310654018.2A CN116722745A (en) | 2023-06-05 | 2023-06-05 | Double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310654018.2A CN116722745A (en) | 2023-06-05 | 2023-06-05 | Double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection |
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|---|---|
| CN116722745A true CN116722745A (en) | 2023-09-08 |
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| CN202310654018.2A Pending CN116722745A (en) | 2023-06-05 | 2023-06-05 | Double-tube modulation BUCK power supply with hardware overcurrent protection |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116722745A (en) |
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2023
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