CN116722218A - Electrolyte and battery comprising same - Google Patents
Electrolyte and battery comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- CN116722218A CN116722218A CN202310751713.0A CN202310751713A CN116722218A CN 116722218 A CN116722218 A CN 116722218A CN 202310751713 A CN202310751713 A CN 202310751713A CN 116722218 A CN116722218 A CN 116722218A
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006652 (C3-C12) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M isocaproate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC([O-])=O FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[V+5].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O YWJVFBOUPMWANA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an electrolyte and a battery comprising the same. The first additive in the electrolyte contains a sulfonic anhydride group, and the sulfonic anhydride group can be combined with water and acid, so that the content of HF in the electrolyte is reduced, and the positive electrode interface film is protected; the second additive in the electrolyte contains nitrile functional groups, and the nitrile functional groups are combined with Co 3+ Is relatively negative, which allows the second additive and Co to be 3+ The complex has stronger coordination effect and can be complexed on the surface of the positive electrode to form coordination protection; the second additive is more tolerant at high voltages and is more easily enriched at the positive electrode surface due to the presence of phosphorus atoms. When the first additive and the second additive are simultaneously present in the system, the first additive and the second additive can synergistically act on the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode, and the interfacial film for effectively protecting the positive electrode surface and the negative electrode surfaceThe high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrolyte and a battery comprising the same, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The use of the electrolyte can enable the battery to have the characteristics of good high-temperature cycle performance and good high-temperature storage performance.
Background
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in various electronic products due to their advantages of high specific energy density, long cycle life, and the like, and have been widely used in electric vehicles, various electric tools, and energy storage devices in recent years. Along with the improvement of the living standard of people and the trend of better life, higher requirements are also put on the energy density of the battery. In order to increase the energy density of the battery, it is a common path to increase the voltage of the positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery. However, as the limiting voltage of the cathode material is continuously increased, the gram capacity of the cathode material is gradually increased, which results in serious deterioration of the high temperature storage performance of the battery, and the high temperature cycle life cannot be ensured. Especially under high voltage (> 4.5V), the volume of the positive electrode material expands and causes serious cracks in the long-term cyclic charge and discharge process, electrolyte enters the positive electrode material to damage the structure of the positive electrode material, and meanwhile, the release of active oxygen further accelerates the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte. In addition, the protective film on the surface of the negative electrode is also continuously broken, and finally the problem of serious attenuation of the battery capacity is caused.
At present, an oxide coating is generally used for modifying the surface of a positive electrode material, or the positive electrode material with different forms and structures is prepared, but the process is complex, the cost is high, and the protection effect is poor. Therefore, it is very important to invent a battery having good high-temperature storage performance and high-temperature cycle stability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of volume expansion of a positive electrode material and continuous release of active oxygen in the conventional high-voltage battery and oxidize electrolyte, the invention provides the electrolyte and the battery comprising the electrolyte.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
an electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt, and a functional additive comprising a first additive and/or a second additive;
the first additive is selected from at least one of compounds shown in a formula I-1 and/or a formula I-2:
in the formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 The same or different, independently of each other, are selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl; when substituted, the substituent is alkyl and halogen; n is an integer between 2 and 4;
in the formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 The same or different, independently of each other, are selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl; when substituted, the substituent is alkyl and halogen;
the second additive is selected from at least one of compounds shown in a formula II-1 and/or a formula II-2:
in the formula II-1, n2 and n3 are the same or different and are each independently an integer of 1 to 9;
in formula II-2, m1, m2 and m3 are the same or different and are each independently an integer of 1 to 9.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substitution or substitutionUnsubstituted C 1-12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-12 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-12 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-12 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-12 Alkyl, halogen.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-8 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-6 Alkyl, halogen.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-3 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-3 Alkyl, halogen.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-12 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-12 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-12 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-12 Alkyl, halogen.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-8 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-6 Alkyl, halogen.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedSubstituted C 2-3 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-3 Alkyl, halogen.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula I-1, n is 2, 3 or 4.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula II-1, n2 and n3 are identical or different and are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in formula II-2, m1, m2 and m3 are identical or different and are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first additive is selected from at least one of compounds represented by formulas 1 to 4:
according to an embodiment of the present invention, the second additive is selected from at least one of compounds represented by formulas 5 to 10:
according to an embodiment of the invention, the weight of the first additive is 0.5-10.0 wt%, e.g. 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.8wt%, 2wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.8wt%, 3wt%, 3.3wt%, 3.5wt%, 3.8wt%, 4wt%, 4.2wt%, 4.5wt%, 4.8wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt% or 10wt% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the weight of the second additive is 0.5-5.0 wt%, e.g. 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.8wt%, 2wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt%, 2.5wt%, 2.6wt%, 2.8wt%, 3wt%, 3.3wt%, 3.5wt%, 3.8wt%, 4wt%, 4.2wt%, 4.5wt%, 4.8wt% or 5wt%, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first additive may be prepared by methods known in the art, or may be commercially available.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second additive may be prepared by methods known in the art, or may be commercially available.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the functional additive further includes a third additive selected from at least one of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), 1, 3-propenesulfonic acid lactone.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the weight of the third additive is 0wt% -15 wt%, such as 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt%, 2wt%, 2.5wt%, 3wt%, 3.5wt%, 4wt%, 4.5wt%, 5wt%, 5.5wt%, 6wt%, 6.5wt%, 7wt%, 7.5wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, 10wt%, 11wt%, 12wt%, 13wt%, 14wt% or 15wt%, of the total weight of the electrolyte.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the third additive may form a protective film at the anode.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the electrolyte lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) Lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO) 2 F 2 ) One or more of lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB), lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium difluorobisoxalato phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium tris (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) methyl lithium, and lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the organic solvent is selected from carbonates and/or carboxylates selected from one or several of the following solvents, which may be fluorinated or unsubstituted: ethylene Carbonate (EC), propylene Carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylmethyl carbonate; the carboxylic acid ester is selected from one or more of the following solvents which are fluoro or unsubstituted: propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, propyl Propionate (PP), ethyl Propionate (EP), methyl butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the organic solvent is selected from carboxylic acid esters; alternatively, the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of carbonates and carboxylates.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the weight of the carboxylate is 5wt% to 60wt%, for example 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt%, 40wt%, 45wt%, 50wt%, 55wt% or 60wt% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the carboxylic acid ester can be introduced to improve the dynamic performance of the battery.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the electrolyte is used in a lithium ion battery.
The invention also provides a battery, which comprises the electrolyte.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery further includes a positive electrode sheet containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode sheet containing a negative electrode active material, and a separator.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer coated on one or both side surfaces of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode conductive agent, and a positive electrode binder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode binder has a density of 0.6 to 1.5g/cm 3 For example 0.6g/cm 3 、0.7g/cm 3 、0.8g/cm 3 、0.9g/cm 3 、1g/cm 3 、1.1g/cm 3 、1.2g/cm 3 、1.3g/cm 3 、1.4g/cm 3 Or 1.5g/cm 3 . Density of positive electrode binder commonly used in battery fieldGreater than 1.7g/cm 3 To ensure that it has sufficient adhesion. It was found that when the density of the positive electrode binder was greater than 1.5g/cm 3 When the winding process is carried out, the flexibility of the positive electrode can be influenced to a certain extent, so that the positive electrode is easy to break in the winding process; when the density of the positive electrode binder is less than 0.6g/cm 3 In the case, the adhesive force of the adhesive is insufficient, thereby adversely affecting the electrochemical stability of the electrochemical device.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer coated on one or both side surfaces of the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode conductive agent, and a negative electrode binder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode active material layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80 to 99.8 weight percent of positive electrode active material, 0.1 to 10 weight percent of positive electrode conductive agent and 0.1 to 10 weight percent of positive electrode binder.
Preferably, the positive electrode active material layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90 to 99.6 weight percent of positive electrode active material, 0.2 to 5 weight percent of positive electrode conductive agent and 0.2 to 5 weight percent of positive electrode binder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mass percentage of each component in the anode active material layer is: 80 to 99.8 weight percent of negative electrode active material, 0.1 to 10 weight percent of negative electrode conductive agent and 0.1 to 10 weight percent of negative electrode binder.
Preferably, the mass percentage of each component in the anode active material layer is as follows: 90 to 99.6wt% of negative electrode active material, 0.2 to 5wt% of negative electrode conductive agent, and 0.2 to 5wt% of negative electrode binder.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the anode active material includes a carbon-based anode material and/or a silicon-based anode material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the silicon-based negative electrode material is selected from nano silicon, silicon oxygen negative electrode material (SiO x (0<x<2) At least one of a silicon carbon anode material).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon-based negative electrode material is selected from at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, hard carbon, and soft carbon.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the silicon-based anode material and the carbon-based anode material in the anode active material is 9:1 to 1:9, for example, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, or 9:1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode active material is selected from one or more of transition metal lithium oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and lithium vanadium phosphate; the chemical formula of the transition metal lithium oxide is Li 1+ x Ni y Co z M (1-y-z) O 2 Wherein, -0.1 is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and y+z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1; wherein M is one or more of Mg, zn, ga, ba, al, fe, cr, sn, V, mn, sc, ti, nb, mo, zr.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the battery satisfies:
1.5≤b/a≤3；
wherein a is the density of the positive electrode binder in the positive electrode plate of the battery, and the unit is g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the b is the weight percentage of the first additive in the total weight of the electrolyte, and the unit is wt%.
It was found that when the battery satisfies b/a.ltoreq.3 of 1.5, not only the cycle stability of the battery at high temperature can be sufficiently improved, but also the storage stability of the battery at high temperature can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, 0.6.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.1.5, illustratively 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 or 1.5.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, 0.5.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.10, with b being, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.8, 3, 3.3, 3.5, 3.8, 4, 4.2, 4.5, 4.8, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
According to an embodiment of the invention, b/a is 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.8 or 3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an electrolyte and an electrolyte comprising the sameAnd (3) a liquid battery. The first additive in the electrolyte contains a sulfonic anhydride group, and the sulfonic anhydride group can be combined with water and acid, so that the content of HF in the electrolyte is reduced, and the positive electrode interface film is protected; the first additive can also participate in the formation of SEI film in the formation stage, and the generated lithium alkyl sulfonate RSO 3 Li increases ion conductivity for the SEI film, which is favorable for forming lithium ion transmission and can improve the cycle stability of the battery. The second additive in the electrolyte contains nitrile functional groups, and the nitrile functional groups are combined with Co 3+ Is relatively negative, which allows the second additive and Co to be 3+ The complex has stronger coordination effect and can be complexed on the surface of the positive electrode to form coordination protection; the second additive is more tolerant at high voltages and is more easily enriched at the positive electrode surface due to the presence of phosphorus atoms. When the first additive and the second additive exist in the system at the same time, the first additive and the second additive can cooperatively act on the surface of the positive electrode and the surface of the negative electrode, so that the interfacial film on the surface of the positive electrode and the surface of the negative electrode are effectively protected, and the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All techniques implemented based on the above description of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents, materials, etc. used in the examples described below are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It is understood that the lithium ion battery of the invention comprises a negative plate, electrolyte, a positive plate, a separation film and an outer package. And stacking the positive plate, the isolating film and the negative plate to obtain a battery cell, or winding the positive plate, the isolating film and the negative plate to obtain the battery cell, placing the battery cell in an outer package, and injecting electrolyte into the outer package to obtain the lithium ion battery.
The lithium ion batteries of examples 1 to 17 and comparative example 1 were prepared by the following steps:
1) Preparation of positive plate
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO) as a positive electrode active material 2 ) Mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), SP (super P) and Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) according to the mass ratio of 96:2:1.5:0.5, adding N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), and stirring under the action of a vacuum stirrer until the mixed system becomes anode active slurry with uniform fluidity; uniformly coating anode active slurry on two surfaces of an aluminum foil; and drying the coated aluminum foil, and then rolling and slitting to obtain the required positive plate.
2) Preparation of negative plate
Mixing negative active materials of artificial graphite, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), styrene-butadiene rubber, conductive carbon black (SP) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) according to a mass ratio of 94.5:2.5:1.5:1:0.5, adding deionized water, and obtaining negative active slurry under the action of a vacuum stirrer; uniformly coating the anode active slurry on two surfaces of a copper foil; and (3) airing the coated copper foil at room temperature, transferring to an 80 ℃ oven for drying for 10 hours, and then carrying out cold pressing and slitting to obtain the negative plate.
3) Preparation of electrolyte
In a glove box filled with argon (H 2 O<0.1ppm，O 2 <0.1 ppm), EC/PC/DEC/PP was uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 10/10/20/60, and then sufficiently dried lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was rapidly added thereto in an amount of 13wt% based on the total mass of the electrolyte 6 ) After dissolution, 2wt% of 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS) and 8wt% of fluoroethylene carbonate based on the total mass of the electrolyte were added(FEC) after adding the first additive and/or the second additive according to the additives shown in Table 1, the electrolytes of examples and comparative examples were prepared after mixing uniformly.
4) Preparation of lithium ion batteries
Laminating the positive plate in the step 1), the negative plate in the step 2) and the isolating film according to the sequence of the positive plate, the isolating film and the negative plate, and then winding to obtain the battery cell; and (3) placing the battery cell in an outer packaging aluminum foil, injecting the electrolyte in the step (3) into the outer packaging, and performing the procedures of vacuum packaging, standing, formation, shaping, sorting and the like to obtain the lithium ion battery. The charge and discharge range of the battery is 3.0-4.53V.
Table 1 composition of electrolyte solutions of examples and comparative examples
| First additive and its addition amount | Second additive and its addition amount | |
| Comparative example 1 | / | / |
| Example 1 | 0.5% of a compound represented by formula 1 | / |
| Example 2 | A compound of formula 1, 1% | / |
| Example 3 | A compound of formula 1, 2% | / |
| Example 4 | A compound shown in a formula 1, 5% | / |
| Example 5 | A compound of formula 1, 10% | |
| Example 6 | 0.1% of a compound represented by formula 5 | |
| Example 7 | / | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 5 |
| Example 8 | / | 1% of the compound represented by formula 5 |
| Example 9 | / | A compound of formula 5, 3% |
| Example 10 | / | A compound of formula 5, 5% |
| Example 11 | Shown in figure 1Compound, 2% | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 5 |
| Example 12 | A compound of formula 2, 2% | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 5 |
| Example 13 | A compound of formula 3, 2% | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 5 |
| Example 14 | A compound of formula 4, 2% | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 5 |
| Example 15 | A compound of formula 1, 2% | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 6 |
| Example 16 | A compound of formula 1, 2% | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 7 |
| Example 17 | A compound of formula 1, 2% | 0.3% of a compound represented by formula 8 |
The lithium ion batteries obtained in examples and comparative examples were subjected to a 45 ℃ high temperature cycle performance test and a 85 ℃ high temperature storage performance test, respectively, and the test results are shown in table 2.
1) 45 ℃ high temperature cycle performance test
The batteries in table 1 were subjected to charge-discharge cycle at 45 ℃ for 800 weeks in a charge-discharge cut-off voltage range at a rate of 1C, the discharge capacity at the 1 st week was measured as x1 mAh, and the discharge capacity at the N week was measured as y1 mAh; the capacity at week N divided by the capacity at week 1 gives the cyclic capacity retention rate at week N r1=y1/x 1.
2) 85 ℃ high temperature storage test
Firstly, standing the battery with the chemical components for 10min, then standing for 10min at 0.2C and 3V, then fully charging at 0.5C, stopping at 0.05C, and standing for 10min. And testing the voltage, the internal resistance and the thickness of the full-charge state at the temperature of 25+/-5 ℃, placing the full-charge state in an oven at the temperature of 85 ℃ for 8 hours, taking out the voltage, the internal resistance and the thickness of the thermal state battery, and performing capacity retention and recovery tests.
Table 2 results of performance tests of lithium ion batteries of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from table 2, the high temperature cycle performance and the high temperature storage performance of the batteries prepared from the electrolytes of examples 1 to 5 were improved as can be seen from the comparison of examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1, indicating that the introduction of the first additive of the present invention can improve the high temperature cycle performance and the high temperature storage performance of the batteries.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 6 to 10 and comparative example 1, the high temperature cycle performance and the high temperature storage performance of the batteries prepared from the electrolytes of examples 6 to 10 are improved, indicating that the introduction of the second additive of the present invention can improve the high temperature cycle performance and the high temperature storage performance of the batteries.
As can be seen from comparison of examples 3, 7 and 11, when the first additive and the second additive are simultaneously present in the system, the first additive and the second additive can synergistically act on the surface of the positive electrode and the surface of the negative electrode, so that the interfacial film on the surface of the positive electrode and the surface of the negative electrode can be effectively protected, and the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery can be remarkably improved.
As can be seen from the comparison of examples 11-17, the first additive and the second additive with different structural formulas can achieve synergistic effect, can effectively protect the interfacial film on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and can remarkably improve the high-temperature storage performance and the high-temperature cycle performance of the battery.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolyte, characterized in that the electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt and a functional additive, wherein the functional additive comprises a first additive and/or a second additive;
the first additive is selected from at least one of compounds shown in a formula I-1 and/or a formula I-2:
in the formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 The same or different, independently of each other, are selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl; when substituted, the substituent is alkyl and halogen; n is an integer between 2 and 4;
in the formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 The same or different, independently of each other, are selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl; when substituted, the substituent is alkyl and halogen;
the second additive is selected from at least one of compounds shown in a formula II-1 and/or a formula II-2:
in the formula II-1, n2 and n3 are the same or different and are each independently an integer of 1 to 9;
in formula II-2, m1, m2 and m3 are the same or different and are each independently an integer of 1 to 9.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein in formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-12 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-12 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-12 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-12 Alkyl, halogen.
Preferably, in formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-8 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-6 Alkyl, halogen.
Preferably, in formula I-1, R 1 And R is 2 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-3 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-3 Alkyl, halogen.
3. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein in formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-12 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-12 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-12 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-12 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the amino acid sequence is substituted,the substituent being C 1-12 Alkyl, halogen.
Preferably, in formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-6 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6-8 An aryl group; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-6 Alkyl, halogen.
Preferably, in formula I-2, R 3 And R is 4 Identical or different, independently of one another, from H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-4 membered cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2-3 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl; in the case of substitution, the substituent is C 1-3 Alkyl, halogen.
4. The electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first additive is selected from at least one of compounds represented by formulas 1 to 4:
5. the electrolyte according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the second additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulas 5 to 10:
6. the electrolyte of any one of claims 1-5 wherein the weight of the first additive is 0.5 to 10.0wt% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
7. The electrolyte of any one of claims 1-6 wherein the weight of the second additive is 0.5 to 5.0wt% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
8. The electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the functional additive further comprises a third additive selected from at least one of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), 1, 3-propenesulfonic acid lactone, and the weight of the third additive is 0wt% to 15wt% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
9. The electrolyte of any one of claims 1-8 wherein the electrolyte lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) Lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO) 2 F 2 ) One or two or more of lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB), lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium difluorobisoxalato phosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bisoxalato borate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide, lithium tris (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) methyl lithium, or lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide;
and/or the organic solvent is selected from carbonate and/or carboxylate, and the carbonate is selected from one or more of the following solvents which are fluoro or unsubstituted: ethylene Carbonate (EC), propylene Carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylmethyl carbonate; the carboxylic acid ester is selected from one or more of the following solvents which are fluoro or unsubstituted: propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, propyl Propionate (PP), ethyl Propionate (EP), methyl butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate.
10. A battery, characterized in that it comprises the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1-9.
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