CN116720251B - BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system and method thereof - Google Patents
BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system and method thereof relate to the technical field of steel structure net racks, and comprise the following steps: the system comprises a parameter analysis module, a multiplexing analysis module, an automatic modeling module, an analysis monitoring module, a correction module and a prompt module, wherein parameters of a steel structure net rack construction drawing are preprocessed, BIM model multiplexing analysis is carried out, when a reusable BIM model exists, the BIM model can be directly output, when the BIM model can be partially multiplexed, the BIM model of the available part is output, automatic complementation is carried out according to the output parameters, the modeling efficiency is greatly improved, the modeling process is monitored in real time in the process of modeling according to the preprocessed output parameters and complementation of the BIM model, and the problem that the model is easy to occur in later detection and needs repeated modification due to the fact that the problem cannot be timely found is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel structure net racks, in particular to a BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system and a BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization method.
Background
The steel structure net rack has the advantages of light dead weight, high rigidity, excellent anti-seismic performance, convenience in industrial production and installation, capability of bearing uneven settlement of a foundation and the like; the steel structure net rack has strong adaptability, is suitable for large, medium and small various spans of buildings, is widely applied in China, and can be used for public buildings such as gymnasiums, theaters, hospitals and the like, and industrial buildings such as industrial factory workshop roofs and the like. When BIM modeling is carried out on a steel structure net rack drawing, a model is built according to parameters after the parameters of the steel structure net rack in the drawing are exported by a worker, most of operations in the process need to be completed manually, the modeling efficiency is low, problems can not be found in time when the parameters are in a problem in the modeling process, the problems are easy to occur when the model is detected in the later period, and repeated modification is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system and a BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization method, which are used for solving the problems.
A BIM-based steel structure grid modeling optimization system comprising: the system comprises a parameter analysis module, a multiplexing analysis module, an automatic modeling module, an analysis monitoring module, a correction module and a prompt module;
the parameter analysis module is used for analyzing parameters of the construction drawing, correcting the error parameters and outputting the parameters;
the multiplexing analysis module is used for analyzing the output parameters, searching a reusable model in the BIM project database, directly generating the BIM model if the reusable model can be directly reused, skipping multiplexing analysis if the reusable model can not be searched, and generating the BIM model of the reusable part if the reusable model can be partially reused;
the automatic modeling module is used for automatically performing BIM model modeling according to the output parameters;
the automatic modeling module is also used for complementing part of BIM models according to the output parameters on the basis of the part of BIM models output by the multiplexing analysis module, so as to complete BIM model modeling;
the analysis monitoring module is used for monitoring the modeling process of the automatic modeling module according to the output parameters;
if errors are found in the monitoring, the correction module corrects the error part according to the output parameters, if errors still occur after correction, the output parameters are debugged and corrected, the prompting module prompts the output parameters through a popup window and records specific information of the errors in the popup window when the errors occur in the monitoring, after the output parameters are debugged and corrected, the correction part is marked, and after the correction part is confirmed or corrected by a worker, the marking is canceled.
Further, the parameter analysis module comprises a parameter extraction unit, a parameter analysis unit and a parameter correction unit, wherein the parameter extraction unit is used for analyzing parameters of a construction drawing to extract all the parameters, the parameter analysis unit is used for carrying out rational analysis on the parameters and extracting the parameters with conflicts, and the correction unit is used for analyzing the parameters with unreasonable conflicts to give correction parameters and correcting the original parameters after verification is passed.
Further, the correction unit further comprises manual correction, the correction parameters are given after the unreasonable conflicting parameters are analyzed, the original parameters and the corrected parameters are compared and displayed after verification is passed, and the original parameters are corrected after workers manually confirm or manually correct the parameters.
Further, BIM models of a plurality of steel structure net racks are stored in the BIM project database.
Further, the multiplexing analysis module comprises a model traversing unit, a model analysis unit and a model generation unit, wherein the model traversing unit is used for traversing modeling data of the steel structure net rack in the BIM project database according to the output parameters, screening out the modeling data of the steel structure net rack with the parameter similarity larger than 50%, the model analysis unit is used for carrying out multiplexing analysis on the screened modeling data of the steel structure net rack, the model generation unit is used for directly generating a BIM model when judging that the BIM model can be directly reused, judging that the BIM model can be partially reused, the model generation unit is used for generating a BIM model of the reusable part, and skipping the process of generating the BIM model by the model generation unit when judging that the BIM model cannot be reused.
Further, the automatic modeling module includes a judging unit and a modeling unit, the judging unit is configured to judge a result output by the multiplexing analysis module, if the multiplexing analysis module outputs a complete BIM model, the modeling unit skips a modeling process, if the multiplexing analysis module outputs a part of the BIM model, the modeling unit complements the part of the BIM model according to an output parameter, and if the multiplexing analysis module does not output the BIM model, the modeling unit automatically performs BIM model modeling according to the output parameter.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for optimizing modeling of a steel structure grid based on BIM, including the following steps:
parameter processing, namely extracting and outputting parameters after analyzing and correcting construction drawings;
multiplexing analysis, which is to carry out multiplexing analysis on the output parameters;
outputting a multiplexing model, namely directly outputting the BIM model if the BIM model in the BIM project database can be multiplexed, outputting the BIM model of the available part if the BIM model in the BIM project database can be partially multiplexed, and skipping the multiplexing model for outputting if the BIM model in the BIM project database cannot be multiplexed;
modeling, namely when a BIM model which is output to be partially available or a BIM model in a BIM project database is not available, carrying out complementation or modeling on the BIM model according to the output parameters;
analyzing the BIM model, namely analyzing the whole BIM model, outputting if the built BIM model meets the requirements, marking the position to be modified if the built BIM model does not meet the requirements, and setting expected parameters;
and modifying the BIM model, analyzing the position to be modified according to the set expected parameters to obtain an adjustment quantity, and modifying the BIM model according to the adjustment quantity to enable the modified position to conform to the set expected parameters.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the beneficial effects that at least:
1. according to the application, after the parameters of the construction drawing of the steel structure net rack are preprocessed, the reusable BIM model is searched according to the processed parameters, the BIM model can be directly output when the reusable BIM model exists, and when the BIM model can be partially reused, the BIM model of the available part is output and is automatically complemented according to the output parameters, so that the effect of greatly improving the modeling efficiency is realized.
2. In the process of modeling according to the output parameters and complementing the BIM model, the modeling process is monitored in real time, when errors occur, correction is automatically carried out, the whole modeling process can be automatically completed, modeling efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the modeling process can be monitored and corrected in real time, and the problems that problems are easy to occur and repeated correction is needed when the models are detected in the later period due to the fact that the problems cannot be found in time are avoided.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the application and together with the embodiments of the application, serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a BIM-based steel structure grid modeling optimization system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for optimizing modeling of a steel structure grid based on BIM according to the embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
1. a parameter analysis module; 11. a parameter extraction unit; 12. a parameter analysis unit; 13. a parameter correction unit; 2. a multiplexing analysis module; 21. a model traversing unit; 22. a model analysis unit; 23. a model generation unit; 3. an automatic modeling module; 31. a judging unit; 32. a modeling unit; 4. an analysis and monitoring module; 5. a correction module; 6. and a prompt module.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system, including: the system comprises a parameter analysis module 1, a multiplexing analysis module 2, an automatic modeling module 3, an analysis monitoring module 4, a correction module 5 and a prompt module 6;
the parameter analysis module 1 is used for analyzing parameters of a construction drawing and outputting parameters after correcting wrong parameters, the parameter analysis module 1 comprises a parameter extraction unit 11, a parameter analysis unit 12 and a parameter correction unit 13, the parameter extraction unit 11 is used for analyzing the parameters of the construction drawing and extracting all the parameters, the parameter analysis unit 12 is used for rationalizing the parameters and extracting the parameters with conflicts, the correction unit is used for analyzing the parameters with conflicts which are unreasonable and giving out correction parameters, and after verification is passed, the original parameters are corrected;
in another embodiment, the correction unit further comprises manual correction, wherein after the unreasonable conflicting parameters are analyzed, correction parameters are given, after verification is passed, the original parameters and the corrected parameters are compared and displayed, and after a worker confirms the parameters manually or corrects the parameters manually, the original parameters are corrected;
in the above embodiment, the rationalization analysis includes the interference analysis for judging the movement interference between the steel structure racks, the gap analysis for analyzing the gap size between the steel structure racks, judging whether or not it is suitable for the installation, and the size analysis for checking the sizes of the respective members of the steel structure racks, judging whether or not the sizes meet the use requirements;
when the unreasonable conflicting parameters are analyzed, the parameters are adjusted to be reasonable and meet the use requirements, meanwhile, the use requirements are verified, after the verification is passed, the parameters can be automatically or manually adjusted, if the verification is selected to be automatically adjusted, the original parameters are corrected after the verification is passed, if the manual adjustment is selected, the personnel is required to wait for manual confirmation, after the confirmation, the original parameters are corrected, if the confirmation is not finished, the original parameters are corrected according to the correction result of the personnel, and the parameters are output.
The multiplexing analysis module 2 is used for analyzing the output parameters, searching a reusable model in the BIM project database, directly generating a BIM model if the reusable model can be directly reused, skipping multiplexing analysis if the reusable model can be not searched, generating a BIM model of a reusable part if the reusable model can be partially reused, the multiplexing analysis module 2 comprises a model traversing unit 21, a model analysis unit 22 and a model generation unit 23, the model traversing unit 21 is used for traversing modeling data of the steel structure net rack in the BIM project database according to the output parameters, screening out the modeling data of the steel structure net rack with the parameter similarity of more than 50%, the model analysis unit 22 is used for carrying out multiplexing analysis on the screened modeling data of the steel structure net rack, and skipping the model generation unit 23 to generate a BIM model process when the model analysis unit 22 judges that the BIM model is not reusable;
it should be noted that, BIM project database stores BIM models of multiple steel structure net racks;
in one embodiment, if the similarity of the parameters of the steel structure net rack is greater than 50%, judging that no BIM model of the reusable steel structure net rack exists, and skipping the process of generating the BIM model by multiplexing analysis;
in another embodiment, if the similarity of the parameters of the steel structure net rack is 100%, it is determined that the parameters can be directly reused, and the model generating unit 23 extracts the parameters to directly generate the BIM model;
in another embodiment, the model generating unit 23 extracts the reusable part generating partial BIM model, which is judged to be partially reusable.
The automatic modeling module 3 is configured to automatically perform BIM model modeling according to the output parameters, and is further configured to complement a part of the BIM models according to the output parameters on the basis of the part of the BIM models output by the multiplexing analysis module 2, so as to complete BIM model modeling, where the automatic modeling module 3 includes a judging unit 31 and a modeling unit 32;
specifically, the judging unit 31 is configured to judge the result output by the multiplexing analysis module 2;
in one embodiment, if multiplex analysis module 2 outputs a complete BIM model, modeling unit 32 skips the modeling process;
in another embodiment, if the multiplexing analysis module 2 outputs a part of the BIM model, the modeling unit 32 complements the part of the BIM model according to the output parameters;
in another embodiment, if the multiplex analysis module 2 does not output the BIM model, the modeling unit 32 automatically performs the BIM model modeling according to the output parameters.
The analysis monitoring module 4 is used for monitoring the modeling process of the automatic modeling module 3 according to the output parameters;
if errors are found in the monitoring, the correction module 5 corrects the error part according to the output parameters, if errors still occur after correction, the output parameters are debugged and corrected, the prompting module 6 prompts the error part through a popup window and records specific information of the errors in the popup window when the errors occur in the monitoring, after the output parameters are debugged and the output parameters are corrected, the correction part is marked, and after the correction part is confirmed or corrected by a worker, the marking is cancelled;
errors found in the above monitoring include inconsistent parameters, motion interference, clearance analysis failure, and dimensional analysis failure.
According to the application, after the parameters of the construction drawing of the steel structure net rack are preprocessed, the reusable BIM model is searched according to the processed parameters, the BIM model can be directly output when the reusable BIM model exists, the available part of the BIM model can be output and is complemented according to the output parameters, so that the effect of greatly improving the modeling efficiency is realized, the modeling process is monitored in real time in the modeling process according to the output parameters and the complementing process of the BIM model, and the correction is automatically carried out when errors occur, so that the modeling efficiency is automatically improved, the modeling process can be monitored and corrected in real time at the same time, and the problem that the problem is easy to occur when the model is detected in the later stage and the problem that the model needs to be repeatedly corrected is avoided.
Example two
The embodiment of the application also discloses a BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization method, as shown in fig. 2, comprising the following steps:
s1, parameter processing, namely after analyzing and correcting a construction drawing, extracting and outputting parameters;
s2, multiplexing analysis is carried out, and multiplexing analysis is carried out on the output parameters;
s3, multiplexing model output, namely directly outputting the BIM model if the BIM model in the BIM project database can be multiplexed, outputting the BIM model of the available part if the BIM model in the BIM project database can be partially multiplexed, and skipping multiplexing model output if the BIM model in the BIM project database cannot be multiplexed;
s4, modeling, namely when a part of available BIM models are output or BIM models in a BIM project database are not available for multiplexing, carrying out complementation or modeling on the BIM models according to the output parameters;
monitoring the modeling process in real time, and automatically correcting the abnormality when the abnormality occurs;
s5, analyzing the BIM model, analyzing the whole BIM model, outputting if the built BIM model meets the requirements, marking the position to be modified if the built BIM model does not meet the requirements, and setting expected parameters;
s6, modifying the BIM model, analyzing the position to be modified according to the set expected parameters to obtain an adjustment quantity, and modifying the BIM model according to the adjustment quantity to enable the modified position to conform to the set expected parameters.
According to the application, after the parameters of the construction drawing of the steel structure net rack are preprocessed, the reusable BIM model is searched according to the processed parameters, the BIM model can be directly output when the reusable BIM model exists, the BIM model of the available part can be output and is complemented according to the output parameters when the BIM model can be partially reused, so that is the effect of greatly improving the modeling efficiency is realized, when the model needs to be modified, only the expected parameters are needed to be given, the part needing to be modified can be specifically adjusted, the manual operation process is reduced, the modeling efficiency is improved, the modeling process can be monitored and corrected in real time, and the problems that the model is easy to generate in the later detection and needs to be repeatedly modified due to the fact that the modeling process cannot be timely detected when the problem occurs are avoided.
It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed are examples of exemplary approaches. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
In the foregoing detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments of the subject matter require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, application lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of this application.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. The processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
For a software implementation, the techniques described in this disclosure may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. These software codes may be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.
The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, as used in the specification or claims, the term "comprising" is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising," as interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, any use of the term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or".
Claims (7)
1. BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a parameter analysis module (1), a multiplexing analysis module (2), an automatic modeling module (3), an analysis monitoring module (4), a correction module (5) and a prompt module (6);
the parameter analysis module (1) is used for analyzing parameters of the construction drawing, correcting the wrong parameters and outputting the parameters;
the multiplexing analysis module (2) is used for analyzing the output parameters, searching a reusable model in the BIM project database, directly generating the BIM model if the reusable model can be directly reused, skipping multiplexing analysis if the reusable model can not be searched, and generating the BIM model of the reusable part if the reusable model can be partially reused;
the automatic modeling module (3) is used for automatically performing BIM model modeling according to the output parameters;
the automatic modeling module (3) is also used for completing part of BIM models according to output parameters on the basis of part of BIM models output by the multiplexing analysis module (2) to complete BIM model modeling;
the analysis monitoring module (4) is used for monitoring the modeling process of the automatic modeling module (3) according to the output parameters;
if errors are found in the monitoring, the correction module (5) corrects the error part according to the output parameters, if errors still occur after correction, the output parameters are debugged and corrected, the prompting module (6) prompts the errors through a popup window when the errors occur in the monitoring, specific information of the errors is recorded in the popup window, after the output parameters are debugged and the output parameters are corrected, the correction part is marked, and after the correction part is confirmed or corrected by staff, the marking is cancelled.
2. The BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system according to claim 1, wherein the parameter analysis module (1) comprises a parameter extraction unit (11), a parameter analysis unit (12) and a parameter correction unit (13), the parameter extraction unit (11) is used for analyzing parameters of a construction drawing and extracting all parameters, the parameter analysis unit (12) is used for carrying out rational analysis on the parameters and extracting the parameters with conflicts, the correction unit is used for carrying out analysis on the parameters with unreasonable conflicts and giving correction parameters, and after verification is passed, the original parameters are corrected.
3. The BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system according to claim 2, wherein the correction unit further comprises manual correction, the correction parameters are given after unreasonable conflicting parameters are analyzed, verification is passed, the original parameters and the corrected parameters are compared and displayed, and the original parameters are corrected after manual confirmation or manual correction is performed by staff.
4. The BIM-based steel structure grid modeling optimization system of claim 1, wherein the BIM project database stores BIM models of a plurality of steel structure grids.
5. The BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the multiplexing analysis module (2) comprises a model traversing unit (21), a model analysis unit (22) and a model generation unit (23), the model traversing unit (21) is used for traversing modeling data of the steel structure net rack in the BIM project database according to output parameters, screening out modeling data of the steel structure net rack with the similarity of the steel structure net rack parameters being greater than 50%, the model analysis unit (22) is used for carrying out multiplexing analysis on the screened modeling data of the steel structure net rack, the model generation unit (23) directly generates a BIM model when the model is judged to be directly reusable, the model generation unit (23) generates a BIM model of a reusable part, and the model analysis unit (22) skips the process of generating the BIM model by the model generation unit (23) when the model analysis unit is judged to be unrepeatable.
6. The BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system according to claim 1, wherein the automatic modeling module (3) comprises a judging unit (31) and a modeling unit (32), the judging unit (31) is used for judging a result output by the multiplexing analysis module (2), if the multiplexing analysis module (2) outputs a complete BIM model, the modeling unit (32) skips a modeling process, if the multiplexing analysis module (2) outputs a part of BIM models, the modeling unit (32) complements the part of BIM models according to output parameters, and if the multiplexing analysis module (2) does not output BIM models, the modeling unit (32) automatically performs BIM model modeling according to the output parameters.
7. A BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization method, which is applied to the BIM-based steel structure net rack modeling optimization system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
parameter processing, namely extracting and outputting parameters after analyzing and correcting construction drawings;
multiplexing analysis, which is to carry out multiplexing analysis on the output parameters;
outputting a multiplexing model, namely directly outputting the BIM model if the BIM model in the BIM project database can be multiplexed, outputting the BIM model of the available part if the BIM model in the BIM project database can be partially multiplexed, and skipping the multiplexing model for outputting if the BIM model in the BIM project database cannot be multiplexed;
modeling, namely when a BIM model which is output to be partially available or a BIM model in a BIM project database is not available, carrying out complementation or modeling on the BIM model according to the output parameters;
analyzing the BIM model, namely analyzing the whole BIM model, outputting if the built BIM model meets the requirements, marking the position to be modified if the built BIM model does not meet the requirements, and setting expected parameters;
and modifying the BIM model, analyzing the position to be modified according to the set expected parameters to obtain an adjustment quantity, and modifying the BIM model according to the adjustment quantity to enable the modified position to conform to the set expected parameters.
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