CN116718670A - Method for detecting composite material head cover of railway vehicle by using simulated pressure - Google Patents
Method for detecting composite material head cover of railway vehicle by using simulated pressure Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting a composite material head cover of a railway vehicle by using simulated pressure, which comprises the following steps: s1: 3 sound sensors are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the sound sensors and the surface of the head cover is filled with a couplant; s2: 3 calibration sound sources are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the calibration sound sources and the surface of the head cover is filled with couplant; the invention uses the sound signal generated when the microstructure inside the product is damaged in the process of the simulated pressure provided by the detection equipment to carry out primary judgment by using the composite material head cover of the railway vehicle, and uses the strain gauge to locally measure the strain data to carry out secondary judgment in the key area. The invention solves the problems in the prior detection technology by using the method: the detection result is easy to be influenced by the level difference of product manufacture, the detection content is limited, the detection period is long, the detection cost is high and the like during analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle composite material head cover detection, in particular to a method for detecting a railway vehicle composite material head cover by using simulated pressure.
Background
In recent years, high-speed rail vehicles typified by high-speed rail cars have been rapidly developed, and the number of operating vehicles and the operating mileage have been frequently increased. However, as the operation time of the vehicle is continuously accumulated, ensuring the safety and stability of the vehicle components is a serious issue in rail transit. The composite material vehicle head cover is an essential important part of a high-speed railway vehicle, is arranged at the forefront end of the whole vehicle, and is the part with the highest aerodynamic load in all vehicle shell parts. Once the vehicle is damaged, a falling accident occurs, and the vehicle is very easy to derail.
In the vehicle repair process, the composite material vehicle head cover needs to be detached from the vehicle and transported to a specified manufacturer for nondestructive inspection and maintenance, and the nondestructive inspection is taken as a maintenance basis, so that the importance of the composite material vehicle head cover is self-evident.
The existing nondestructive testing methods suitable for composite material parts at present comprise the following steps:
ultrasonic flaw detection, penetration flaw detection, infrared thermal imaging flaw detection, X-ray flaw detection, acoustic resistance and acoustic resonance flaw detection and stress strain detection.
The above inspection methods, while suitable for conventional composite parts, are not suitable for use in such products as railway vehicle composite head covers.
First, the production process of a railway vehicle composite head cover is not standard. The overall manufacturing specification of the head cover product is fuzzy, and production parameters such as layering, process, materials and the like are required to be determined automatically in the production process of each supplier. This results in different suppliers producing hood products that differ significantly in terms of overall strength, service life, type and distribution of internal defects, weatherability, etc.
Secondly, existing nondestructive testing methods for composite materials have their own limitations.
Ultrasonic flaw detection technology is a composite nondestructive testing technology commonly used at present, and the technology is widely applied to the detection work of various aircraft composite parts. The detection method can accurately describe the type, size and position of the damage in the product, and detection personnel comprehensively judge whether the product needs to be maintained and the part to be maintained according to the damage condition and the technological parameters in the production of the product. For detecting whether the product needs maintenance, the method is an indirect determination method which needs comprehensive consideration. Meanwhile, the detection method needs to have higher consistency of the product manufacturing level, the internal damage of the product is the same as that of the prefabricated defects in the defect sample plate, but due to the fact that the difference of products produced by various manufacturers producing the composite material head cover is large, the inherent defects in the manufacture are five-in-eight, serious interference can be generated on the ultrasonic flaw detection technology with high detection precision, and a large amount of clutters which are difficult to analyze can appear in practical application. Meanwhile, because the inherent defects in the manufacture are too many and mutually staggered, a set of standardized judgment standards cannot be made by judgment staff, the judgment efficiency is low, and the phenomenon of missed judgment is easy to occur;
because damage to the composite material product is likely to occur on the inner surface and the outer surface is not damaged, the method requiring surface crack of the penetration inspection is greatly limited in application;
serious defects such as layering, debonding and the like are difficult to detect in X-ray detection, and are greatly limited in application;
the infrared thermal imaging, acoustic resistance, acoustic resonance and other methods are suitable for detecting the bonding condition of the honeycomb core and the skin, but the composite material vehicle head cover uses foam as a core material, so that the method is not suitable;
the stress strain detection can intuitively observe the current performance and strength of the product without being influenced by the production and manufacturing level, and is an intuitive and reliable detection means. However, the detection method needs to paste strain gages on the surface of a product and can only be manually operated, if the strain gages are pasted on each area of the surface of the composite material headstock, a great amount of time and labor cost are required, and because the strain of the surface of the composite material headstock is large, the strain gages can only be used for special models with high strain limit, and the cost is high, and if the strain gages are required to be reused, the labor cost is required to be further required to take down the strain gages which are already pasted. The method can only carry out omnibearing complete judgment on the product, but cannot carry out quick preliminary judgment, so the method is generally used for judging the performance index of a product prototype. If the method is applied to the detection of each product, the requirement of the inspection progress in the maintenance peak period cannot be met, and meanwhile, the method is too high in cost and not suitable for popularization and use.
Based on this, the present invention provides a method for detecting a railway vehicle composite head cover using simulated pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for detecting a composite material head cover of a railway vehicle by using an analog pressure, so as to solve the problems set forth in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for detecting a railway vehicle composite material head cover using simulated pressure, comprising the steps of:
s1: 3 sound sensors are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the sound sensors and the surface of the head cover is filled with a couplant;
s2: 3 calibration sound sources are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the calibration sound sources and the surface of the head cover is filled with couplant;
s3: starting a calibration program, controlling a calibration sound source to emit sound waves for calibration in a frequency range of 0-450 kHz by an upper computer, calculating calibration parameters of the vehicle head cover by a calibration module according to time difference and attenuation of the received signals after a sound sensor receives sound wave signals, so that the whole set of equipment can accurately measure position information and the value of accumulated energy of sound emission when the surface of the vehicle head cover is damaged, and removing the calibration sound source after calibration;
s4: inserting the composite material vehicle head cover into a strength test device, and applying a load of 100% -120% of the maximum pressure load in the simulated operation on the vehicle head surface by using the strength test device;
s5: if the acoustic emission accumulated energy of a certain area of the composite material vehicle head cover is detected to exceed the calibrated threshold value, the area is destroyed, and the damage degree needs to be checked again. If the acoustic emission accumulated energy of all areas of the composite material vehicle head cover does not exceed the calibrated threshold value, the current strength index of the product is completely in accordance with the strength requirement of continuing to safely operate until the next disassembly and factory return maintenance period;
s6: pushing out the composite material head cover from the strength test device, attaching a strain gauge to a part needing to check the damage degree, attaching the strain gauge, and inserting the composite material head cover into the strength test device again after the strain gauge is attached and connected;
s7: executing a rechecking program, locally pressurizing a part to be rechecked by an intensity test device, transmitting pressure data and strain data to an intensity rechecking module by a pressure sensor in the intensity test device and a strain gauge on the surface of a head cover, and calculating and judging whether the current intensity of the part to be rechecked meets the intensity requirement of continuing to safely operate until the next disassembly and factory return maintenance period by the intensity rechecking module according to the data;
s8: if the requirement is not met, the maintenance is needed, the inspection from the step S1 to the step S7 is carried out again after the maintenance, and the factory can be left for continuous operation after the inspection is passed.
Preferably, in the step S4, if the inside of the composite material head cover is damaged or the strength of the part or the whole of the head cover is insufficient due to aging, the inside of the composite material head cover is damaged when being pressed, and the common damage modes are as follows: splitting the resin matrix, splitting the reinforced fibers, internally layering, and stripping the fibers from the resin matrix;
preferably, the inside of the composite material head cover will be destroyed when being pressed, and sound signals will be emitted when being destroyed, and as the destruction happens inside the composite material head cover and the sound signals are easy to spread in the composite material, the sound signals emitted when the composite material is destroyed can be received by 3 sound sensors arranged on the surface of the head cover, after the sound sensors receive the signals, the signals are transmitted to a pre-signal amplifier for signal amplification gain, and the amplified signals enter a data acquisition card and are converted into digital signals and then are transmitted to an upper computer for data processing.
Preferably, in the process of pressing the composite material head cover, if a certain part of the head cover is damaged, sound signals emitted during damage can be received by 3 sound sensors, and after parameters of sound signals transmitted in the head cover are known, the specific position of the head cover, where the sound signals are emitted, can be determined by calculating the time difference of the sound signals received by the 3 sound sensors.
Preferably, because the composite material head covers are relatively high in manufacturing variability, the specific positions where sound signals are emitted are calculated by using fixed parameters so that errors are prone to occur, the method in the steps S1 to S3 is adopted, a specific sound source is firstly used for emitting the specific sound signals at the specific positions on the surface of each composite material head cover before the actual detection is carried out, the sound signals are received by 3 sound sensors after being transmitted in the composite material head cover, the transmission parameters of the sound signals in each composite material head cover can be obtained through the position relation between the sound source and the sound sensors and the time difference between the sound signal emission and the sound signal reception, and the accurate position of any sound signal in each head cover can be accurately calculated by using the parameters which are customized and calibrated for each head cover. Meanwhile, by contrast calculation: the energy of the sound signal for calibration when emitted, the energy of the sound signal for calibration when received and the propagation distance thereof can obtain the loss parameter of the sound signal when propagated in the composite material of each head cover, and the loss parameter can be detected and calculated by a test device in actual test: the energy of each sound signal emitted at each break in the composite material used in the head cover.
Preferably, the composite material head cover is tested under pressure, and the test equipment is used for receiving and analyzing all sound signals of the composite material used by the head cover, positioning each sound signal and recording the energy of each sound signal. If a certain part of the head cover is damaged for a plurality of times, the part can emit a plurality of sound signals, and the accumulated energy of the sound signals can be obtained by accumulating and superposing the energy of the sound signals; because the severity of damage is corresponding to the energy of the sound signal sent when the damage occurs, the severity of damage at a certain part of the head cover can be clearly known by analyzing the accumulated energy of the sound signal at the certain part.
Preferably, in the whole process of the composite material head cover under test compression, if the head cover does not send any sound signal in the test process, the head cover can be understood that no damage phenomenon occurs, the strength of the head cover completely meets the test requirement, and the requirement in operation and use is also completely met.
Preferably, in the step S6, a special strain gauge having a strain limit of 10% is used, considering that the strain value may be large at the portion to be checked.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention uses the sound signal generated when the microstructure inside the product is damaged in the process of the simulated pressure provided by the detection equipment to carry out primary judgment, and uses the strain gauge local measurement strain data to carry out secondary judgment in the key area. The invention solves the problems in the prior detection technology by using the method: the detection result is easy to be influenced by the manufacturing level difference of the product, the detection content is limited, the detection period is long, the detection cost is high and the like during analysis;
2) The present test method uses up to 2 test steps and only tests 4 pieces of information as to whether the composite hood product is broken, the location of the break, the severity of the break, and the residual stiffness after the break. Of these 4 pieces of information: the method has the advantages that whether the two pieces of information of the broken and the residual rigidity after the broken can be directly measured, the two pieces of information of the broken position and the broken severity can be checked and calibrated for each head cover product, and meanwhile, the detection method is low in required information precision, so that the 4 pieces of detected information have the advantages of high reliability and no interference caused by head cover manufacturing differences and manufacturing defects of the five-in-eight doors. The 4 pieces of information can be used for clearly knowing whether the detected composite material head cover product needs to be maintained and the parts needing to be maintained, and the information that the specific form, depth, accurate boundary and the like of the damage of the channel cannot be calibrated and is easy to interfere is not needed;
3) The semi-automatic calibration procedure is standardized for each composite material head cover before the detection of the sound signals, so that the detected information can be ensured to be high in reliability and not to be interfered by the manufacturing differences of the head covers and the manufacturing defects of the five-flower eight doors. The semi-automatic calibration procedure only needs to manually install 3 calibration sound sources, and the rest work is automatically completed by a calibration module;
4) By means of the characteristic that the sound signal can be easily transmitted in the solid, the position of the composite material headstock cover where the damage occurs and the degree of the damage can be positioned by only using 3 sound sensors to be installed on the fixed positions on the surface of the headstock cover. Because the sensor is small in installation quantity and fixed in position, the time used for installation and debugging can be greatly shortened, and the sensor is used as a preliminary screening means and has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and low false alarm rate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The method for detecting the composite material head cover of the railway vehicle by using the simulated pressure in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: 3 sound sensors are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the sound sensors and the surface of the head cover is filled with a couplant;
s2: 3 calibration sound sources are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the calibration sound sources and the surface of the head cover is filled with couplant;
s3: starting a calibration program, controlling a calibration sound source to emit sound waves for calibration in a frequency range of 0-450 kHz by an upper computer, calculating calibration parameters of the vehicle head cover by a calibration module according to time difference and attenuation of the received signals after a sound sensor receives sound wave signals, so that the whole set of equipment can accurately measure position information and the value of accumulated energy of sound emission when the surface of the vehicle head cover is damaged, and removing the calibration sound source after calibration;
s4: inserting the composite material vehicle head cover into a strength test device, and applying a load of 100% -120% of the maximum pressure load in the simulated operation on the vehicle head surface by using the strength test device;
s5: if the acoustic emission accumulated energy of a certain area of the composite material vehicle head cover is detected to exceed the calibrated threshold value, the area is destroyed, and the damage degree needs to be checked again. If the acoustic emission accumulated energy of all areas of the composite material vehicle head cover does not exceed the calibrated threshold value, the current strength index of the product is completely in accordance with the strength requirement of continuing to safely operate until the next disassembly and factory return maintenance period;
s6: pushing out the composite material head cover from the strength test device, attaching a strain gauge to a part needing to check the damage degree, attaching the strain gauge, and inserting the composite material head cover into the strength test device again after the strain gauge is attached and connected;
s7: executing a rechecking program, locally pressurizing a part to be rechecked by an intensity test device, transmitting pressure data and strain data to an intensity rechecking module by a pressure sensor in the intensity test device and a strain gauge on the surface of a head cover, and calculating and judging whether the current intensity of the part to be rechecked meets the intensity requirement of continuing to safely operate until the next disassembly and factory return maintenance period by the intensity rechecking module according to the data;
s8: if the requirement is not met, the maintenance is needed, the inspection from the step S1 to the step S7 is carried out again after the maintenance, and the factory can be left for continuous operation after the inspection is passed.
In step S4 of this embodiment, if the inside of the composite material head cover is damaged or the strength of the head cover part or the whole material is insufficient due to aging, the inside of the composite material head cover will be damaged when being pressed, and the common damage modes are as follows: splitting the resin matrix, splitting the reinforced fibers, internally layering, and stripping the fibers from the resin matrix;
the inside of the composite material head cover of this embodiment can take place to destroy when the pressurized, can send out the sound signal when destroying, because the inside and sound signal of composite material head cover take place to destroy and spread in composite material easily, so the sound signal that sends out when composite material takes place to destroy can be received by 3 sound sensor who installs at the head cover surface, after the sound sensor received the signal, with signal transmission give the signal amplifier carry out signal amplification gain to the front signal amplifier, the signal after the amplification gain gets into in the data acquisition card and with analog signal conversion digital signal after the transmission to the host computer carry out data processing.
In the process of pressing the composite material head cover, if a certain part of the head cover is damaged, sound signals emitted during damage can be received by 3 sound sensors, after parameters of sound signals transmitted in the head cover are known, the specific position of the head cover, where the sound signals are emitted, can be determined by calculating the time difference of the sound signals received by the 3 sound sensors.
Because the composite material head covers are high in manufacturing variability, errors are easy to occur in calculating specific positions of sound signals by using fixed parameters, the specific sound signals are sent out by using specific sound sources at specific positions on the surface of the head cover before each composite material head cover is actually detected by adopting the method in the steps S1 to S3, the sound signals are received by 3 sound sensors after being transmitted in the composite material head cover, the transmission parameters of the sound signals in each composite material head cover can be obtained through the position relation between the sound sources and the sound sensors and the time difference between the sending and receiving of the sound signals, and the accurate position of any sound signal in each head cover can be accurately calculated by using the parameters customized and calibrated for each head cover. Meanwhile, by contrast calculation: the energy of the sound signal for calibration when emitted, the energy of the sound signal for calibration when received and the propagation distance thereof can obtain the loss parameter of the sound signal when propagated in the composite material of each head cover, and the loss parameter can be detected and calculated by a test device in actual test: the energy of each sound signal emitted at each break in the composite material used in the head cover.
In the whole process of the composite material head cover test compression, test equipment is used for receiving and analyzing all sound signals of the composite material used for the head cover, and each sound signal is positioned and the energy of the sound signal is recorded. If a certain part of the head cover is damaged for a plurality of times, the part can emit a plurality of sound signals, and the accumulated energy of the sound signals can be obtained by accumulating and superposing the energy of the sound signals; because the severity of damage is corresponding to the energy of the sound signal sent when the damage occurs, the severity of damage at a certain part of the head cover can be clearly known by analyzing the accumulated energy of the sound signal at the certain part.
In the whole process of the composite material head cover test compression, if the head cover does not send any sound signal in the test process, the head cover can be understood as not having any damage phenomenon, the strength of the head cover completely meets the test requirement, and the requirement in operation and use is also completely met.
In step S6 of the present embodiment, since there is a possibility that the strain value is large in the portion to be checked, a special strain gauge having a strain limit of 10% needs to be used.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting a railway vehicle composite material head cover using simulated pressure, comprising the steps of:
s1: 3 sound sensors are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the sound sensors and the surface of the head cover is filled with a couplant;
s2: 3 calibration sound sources are arranged at fixed positions on the surface of the head cover, and the space between the calibration sound sources and the surface of the head cover is filled with couplant;
s3: starting a calibration program, controlling a calibration sound source to emit sound waves for calibration in a frequency range of 0-450 kHz by an upper computer, calculating calibration parameters of the vehicle head cover by a calibration module according to time difference and attenuation of the received signals after a sound sensor receives sound wave signals, so that the whole set of equipment can accurately measure position information and the value of accumulated energy of sound emission when the surface of the vehicle head cover is damaged, and removing the calibration sound source after calibration;
s4: inserting the composite material vehicle head cover into a strength test device, and applying a load of 100% -120% of the maximum pressure load in the simulated operation on the vehicle head surface by using the strength test device;
s5: if the acoustic emission accumulated energy of a certain area of the composite material vehicle head cover is detected to exceed the calibrated threshold value, the area is destroyed, and the damage degree needs to be checked again. If the acoustic emission accumulated energy of all areas of the composite material vehicle head cover does not exceed the calibrated threshold value, the current strength index of the product is completely in accordance with the strength requirement of continuing to safely operate until the next disassembly and factory return maintenance period;
s6: pushing out the composite material head cover from the strength test device, attaching a strain gauge to a part needing to check the damage degree, attaching the strain gauge, and inserting the composite material head cover into the strength test device again after the strain gauge is attached and connected;
s7: executing a rechecking program, locally pressurizing a part to be rechecked by an intensity test device, transmitting pressure data and strain data to an intensity rechecking module by a pressure sensor in the intensity test device and a strain gauge on the surface of a head cover, and calculating and judging whether the current intensity of the part to be rechecked meets the intensity requirement of continuing to safely operate until the next disassembly and factory return maintenance period by the intensity rechecking module according to the data;
s8: if the requirement is not met, the maintenance is needed, the inspection from the step S1 to the step S7 is carried out again after the maintenance, and the factory can be left for continuous operation after the inspection is passed.
2. The method for detecting a composite head cover for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, if the interior of the composite head cover is damaged or the strength of the head cover is insufficient due to aging or the like, the interior of the composite head cover is damaged when being pressed, and the common damage modes are: resin matrix cracking, reinforcing fiber cracking, internal layering, fiber delamination from the resin matrix.
3. The method for detecting the composite material head cover of the railway vehicle by using the analog pressure according to claim 2, wherein the interior of the composite material head cover is damaged when being pressed, and sound signals are emitted when the composite material head cover is damaged, and the sound signals emitted when the composite material is damaged can be received by 3 sound sensors arranged on the surface of the head cover because the damage occurs in the interior of the composite material head cover and the sound signals are easy to propagate in the composite material, after the sound sensors receive the signals, the signals are transmitted to a pre-signal amplifier for signal amplification gain, and the amplified signals enter a data acquisition card and are converted into analog signals for data processing by an upper computer.
4. The method for detecting a composite head cover for a railway vehicle by using simulated pressure according to claim 2, wherein if a part of the head cover is damaged during the compression process of the composite head cover, sound signals generated during the damage can be received by 3 sound sensors, and after parameters of the sound signals transmitted in the head cover are known, the specific position of the head cover, where the damage occurs, can be determined by calculating the time difference of the sound signals received by the 3 sound sensors.
5. The method for detecting the composite material head cover of the railway vehicle by using the simulated pressure according to claim 4, wherein the method in steps S1 to S3 is adopted, a specific sound source is firstly used for emitting a specific sound signal at a specific position on the surface of the head cover before each composite material head cover is actually detected, the sound signal is received by 3 sound sensors after being transmitted in the composite material head cover, the transmission parameter of the sound signal in each composite material head cover can be obtained by the position relation between the sound source and the sound sensors and the time difference between the emission and the receiving of the sound signal, and the accurate position of the sound signal in any position of the head cover can be accurately calculated by using the parameter which is customized and calibrated for each head cover. Meanwhile, by contrast calculation: the energy of the sound signal for calibration when emitted, the energy of the sound signal for calibration when received and the propagation distance thereof can obtain the loss parameter of the sound signal when propagated in the composite material of each head cover, and the loss parameter can be detected and calculated by a test device in actual test: the energy of each sound signal emitted at each break in the composite material used in the head cover.
6. A method of detecting a composite head cover for a railway vehicle using simulated pressure as claimed in claim 2 wherein the composite head cover is tested for compression throughout and each acoustic signal is located and its energy recorded using test equipment to receive and analyze all acoustic signals of the composite material used for the head cover that is corrupted. If a certain part of the head cover is damaged for a plurality of times, the part can emit a plurality of sound signals, and the accumulated energy of the sound signals can be obtained by accumulating and superposing the energy of the sound signals; because the severity of damage is corresponding to the energy of the sound signal sent when the damage occurs, the severity of damage at a certain part of the head cover can be clearly known by analyzing the accumulated energy of the sound signal at the certain part.
7. The method for detecting a composite head cover for a railway vehicle by using simulated pressure according to claim 2, wherein the head cover is not damaged if no sound signal is emitted during the test of the composite head cover in the whole process of the test of the composite head cover, and the strength of the head cover completely meets the test requirement and the requirement of operation and use.
8. The method for detecting a composite head cover for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, a special strain gauge having a strain limit of 10% is used, considering that the strain value of the portion to be checked is likely to be large.
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