CN116717499A - A vortex elimination device for hydrofoil tip leakage flow based on passive jet - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/18—Rotors
- F04D29/181—Axial flow rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/669—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for liquid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
- F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
- F04D29/688—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for liquid pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于被动射流的水翼叶顶泄漏流消涡装置，沿着水翼弦长方向在水翼工作压力面和端面之间设计个引流孔，基于Tesla阀门的工作原理，引流孔引入叶顶间隙的被动射流可在叶顶间隙区域内引起旋涡并阻碍泄漏流，进而对叶顶泄漏流造成巨大的流动损失，有效抑制水翼叶顶分离涡与叶顶泄漏涡的产生。本发明可有效抑制水翼叶顶泄漏流，从而减少能量损失，抑制叶顶空蚀破坏，提高水翼装置的效率与性能。
The invention discloses a hydrofoil tip leakage flow vortex elimination device based on passive jet flow. A drainage hole is designed between the hydrofoil working pressure surface and the end face along the chord length direction of the hydrofoil. Based on the working principle of the Tesla valve, the drainage hole The passive jet introduced into the tip clearance through the hole can cause vortices in the tip clearance area and hinder the leakage flow, thereby causing huge flow losses to the tip leakage flow and effectively suppressing the generation of hydrofoil tip separation vortices and tip leakage vortices. The invention can effectively suppress the hydrofoil blade tip leakage flow, thereby reducing energy loss, suppressing blade tip cavitation damage, and improving the efficiency and performance of the hydrofoil device.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及流体机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于被动射流的水翼叶顶泄漏流消涡装置。The invention relates to the technical field of fluid machinery, and in particular to a hydrofoil tip leakage flow vortex elimination device based on passive jet flow.
背景技术Background technique
在轴流式流体机械中如轴流泵、水力推进器等，在动叶叶顶与端壁之间为避免摩擦存有尺度较小的间隙。在叶顶间隙处，由于叶片吸力面与压力面存在压差，该处的流体在静压的作用下流动，形成从压力面一侧流向吸力面一侧的间隙流动。间隙流动主要分为两部分，远离叶顶端面处的流体(占叶顶间隙流中的大部分)顺利通过了间隙，并在压差的作用下加速，通过间隙后与主流掺混，形成叶顶泄漏涡。而其中贴近叶顶端面处流体在边界层作用下流速降低至零后形成流动分离并反向流动，产生叶顶分离涡。当在涡心处的压力低于饱和蒸汽压时，会发生间隙流空化。根据空化位置和成因的不同，分为分离涡空化和泄漏涡空化。间隙空化会造成水力机械性能变化，诱导振动和噪声等现象，造成叶片叶顶端部及叶片外缘发生空蚀等现象。In axial flow fluid machinery, such as axial flow pumps, hydraulic propellers, etc., there is a small gap between the top and end wall of the moving blade to avoid friction. At the blade tip clearance, due to the pressure difference between the suction surface and the pressure surface of the blade, the fluid there flows under the action of static pressure, forming a gap flow from the pressure surface side to the suction surface side. The gap flow is mainly divided into two parts. The fluid far away from the blade tip surface (accounting for most of the blade tip gap flow) passes through the gap smoothly and is accelerated by the pressure difference. After passing through the gap, it mixes with the mainstream and forms the blade tip flow. Top leakage vortex. The flow velocity of the fluid close to the blade tip surface is reduced to zero under the action of the boundary layer, and then the flow separates and flows in the opposite direction, resulting in a blade tip separation vortex. When the pressure at the vortex center is lower than the saturated vapor pressure, gap flow cavitation occurs. According to the location and cause of cavitation, it is divided into separation vortex cavitation and leakage vortex cavitation. Gap cavitation will cause changes in hydraulic mechanical properties, induce vibration and noise, and cause cavitation erosion at the top of the blade and the outer edge of the blade.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于通过在水翼叶顶消涡设计，抑制或消除水翼叶顶泄漏流引起的叶顶间隙泄漏涡和分离涡，抑制叶顶空蚀破坏，延长水翼装置的使用寿命，提高水翼装置运行效率与稳定性。The purpose of this invention is to suppress or eliminate the tip clearance leakage vortex and separation vortex caused by the hydrofoil tip leakage flow through the vortex elimination design on the hydrofoil tip, suppress the tip cavitation damage, and extend the service life of the hydrofoil device. Improve the operating efficiency and stability of the hydrofoil device.
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：一种基于Tesla阀门工作原理的水翼叶顶设计方法，该方法包括在所述水翼叶顶位置开设多个个从水翼压力面到叶顶端面的引流孔。引流孔进口中心点距离叶顶端面距离是叶顶间隙的2倍，前缘第一个引流孔距离前缘距离为1％弦长。出口中心点位于水翼端面中弧线上。引流孔轴线所在平面与弦长方向呈30-60°。引流孔沿弦长方向分布于水翼前半段，个数为3-5个。引流孔间距由水翼前缘向下游逐渐稀疏，间距按照1.05指数增长。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a hydrofoil tip design method based on the working principle of the Tesla valve. The method includes opening a plurality of hydrofoil tip positions from the hydrofoil pressure surface to Drainage holes on the top surface of leaves. The distance between the center point of the drainage hole inlet and the blade tip surface is twice the blade tip clearance, and the distance between the first drainage hole at the leading edge and the leading edge is 1% of the chord length. The exit center point is located on the center arc line of the hydrofoil end surface. The plane where the axis of the drainage hole is located is 30-60° to the chord direction. The drainage holes are distributed in the front half of the hydrofoil along the chord length direction, and the number is 3-5. The spacing of the drainage holes gradually becomes sparse from the hydrofoil leading edge to the downstream, and the spacing increases according to an index of 1.05.
上述方案中，引流孔内部流道的表面粗糙度Ra不大于0.01。In the above solution, the surface roughness Ra of the flow channel inside the drainage hole is not greater than 0.01.
上述方案中，引流孔进口段轴线与叶顶端面夹角在0-20°范围内；引流孔出口段轴线与叶顶端面夹角在70-90°范围内。In the above scheme, the angle between the axis of the inlet section of the drainage hole and the blade top surface is in the range of 0-20°; the angle between the axis of the outlet section of the drainage hole and the blade top surface is in the range of 70-90°.
本专利的有益效果：本发明在水翼叶顶位置开设一组引流孔。当水翼叶顶泄漏流流经水翼叶顶位置时，由于叶顶间隙流道狭窄，其流速较快而压力较小，位于水翼叶顶压力面位置处的高压流体通过引流管流向压力较低的叶顶间隙，并呈一定角度冲击叶顶间隙内的泄漏流。基于Tesla阀门的工作原理，本引流孔引入叶顶间隙的射流流体可对叶顶泄漏流造成巨大的流动损失，能有效抑制水翼叶顶分离涡与叶顶泄漏涡的产生。进而抑制或消除水翼叶顶泄漏流引起的叶顶间隙泄漏涡和分离涡，抑制叶顶空蚀破坏，延长水翼的使用寿命，提高水翼运行效率与稳定性。Beneficial effects of this patent: This invention provides a set of drainage holes at the top of the hydrofoil blade. When the hydrofoil tip leakage flow flows through the hydrofoil tip position, due to the narrow blade tip gap flow channel, the flow speed is faster and the pressure is smaller. The high-pressure fluid located at the pressure surface of the hydrofoil tip flows through the draft tube to the pressure The blade tip clearance is lower and impacts the leakage flow in the blade tip clearance at a certain angle. Based on the working principle of the Tesla valve, the jet fluid introduced into the tip gap through this diversion hole can cause huge flow losses to the tip leakage flow, and can effectively suppress the generation of hydrofoil tip separation vortices and tip leakage vortices. Then it suppresses or eliminates the tip clearance leakage vortex and separation vortex caused by the hydrofoil tip leakage flow, inhibits the blade tip cavitation damage, extends the service life of the hydrofoil, and improves the operating efficiency and stability of the hydrofoil.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明水翼叶顶消涡设计示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the hydrofoil tip vortex elimination design of the present invention.
图2为本发明水翼叶顶消涡设计局部剖面示意图。Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the hydrofoil tip vortex elimination design of the present invention.
图3为Tesla阀门工作原理示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of Tesla valve.
图4为水翼叶顶消涡原理示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the hydrofoil tip vortex elimination principle.
图5为原始水翼和进行消涡设计后的水翼叶顶流动结构图。Figure 5 shows the flow structure diagram of the original hydrofoil and the hydrofoil tip after vortex elimination design.
以上附图的附图标记：1、引流孔；2、水翼；3、压力面；4、叶顶端面。Reference signs in the above drawings: 1. Drainage hole; 2. Hydrofoil; 3. Pressure surface; 4. Blade top surface.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述，但不应该以此限制本发明的保护范围，如叶顶引流孔的个数、截面几何形状与尺寸，开孔的位置尺寸与角度以及引流孔的分布方式等。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this should not limit the scope of the present invention, such as the number, cross-sectional geometry and size of the tip drainage holes, and the position, size and angle of the openings. And the distribution of drainage holes, etc.
如图1所示，水翼叶顶消涡设计主要对水翼2的叶顶区域进行设计，加工由水翼2的压力面3到叶顶端面4的引流孔1。引流孔1轴线所在平面与弦长方向呈30-60°。引流孔进口中心点距离叶顶端面距离是叶顶间隙的2倍，前缘第一个引流孔距离前缘距离为1％弦长。出口中心点位于水翼端面中弧线上。引流孔轴线所在平面与弦长方向呈30-60°。引流孔沿弦长方向分布于水翼前半段，个数为3-5个。引流孔间距由水翼前缘向下游逐渐稀疏，间距按照1.05指数增长。As shown in Figure 1, the hydrofoil tip vortex elimination design mainly designs the tip area of the hydrofoil 2, and processes the diversion hole 1 from the pressure surface 3 of the hydrofoil 2 to the blade top surface 4. The plane where the axis of the drainage hole 1 is located is 30-60° to the chord direction. The distance between the center point of the drainage hole inlet and the blade tip surface is twice the blade tip clearance, and the distance between the first drainage hole at the leading edge and the leading edge is 1% of the chord length. The exit center point is located on the center arc line of the hydrofoil end surface. The plane where the axis of the drainage hole is located is 30-60° to the chord direction. The drainage holes are distributed in the front half of the hydrofoil along the chord length direction, and the number is 3-5. The spacing of the drainage holes gradually becomes sparse from the hydrofoil leading edge to the downstream, and the spacing increases according to an index of 1.05.
如图2所示，在水翼2叶顶消涡设计中，引流孔1的设计加工不改变水翼2的原有外形及尺寸，加工时采用3D打印与精磨方式。As shown in Figure 2, in the vortex elimination design of the hydrofoil 2 blade tip, the design and processing of the diversion hole 1 does not change the original shape and size of the hydrofoil 2, and 3D printing and precision grinding are used during processing.
如图3所示，为Tesla阀门工作原理示意图。Tesla阀门工作时分正向流动和反向流动。正向流动时，流体流动平稳，基本不会受到较大阻力。反向流动时，主流中的部分流体会经引流流道分离主流，且在主流下游位置处又被引回主流，且流动方向与主流流向呈钝角。当引流流体与主流流体相交时，流道中会产生旋涡并阻碍流动，进而使反向流动时流体阻力增大。在经过多个引流流道后，主流流动在层层阻力耗散的作用下逐渐被抑制。As shown in Figure 3, it is a schematic diagram of the working principle of Tesla valve. The Tesla valve operates in forward flow and reverse flow. When flowing in the forward direction, the fluid flows smoothly and rarely encounters great resistance. During reverse flow, part of the fluid in the main flow will separate from the main flow through the diversion channel, and be led back to the main flow at a downstream position of the main flow, and the flow direction is at an obtuse angle to the main flow direction. When the drainage fluid intersects with the mainstream fluid, vortices will be generated in the flow channel and hinder the flow, thereby increasing the fluid resistance during reverse flow. After passing through multiple diversion channels, the mainstream flow is gradually suppressed under the effect of layer-by-layer resistance dissipation.
本实施例的技术方案如图4所示，在水翼2叶顶位置布置一系列引流孔1。当水翼2叶顶泄漏流流经水翼叶顶位置时，由于叶顶间隙流道狭窄，其流速较快而压力较小，位于水翼叶顶压力面位置处的高压流体通过引流管流向压力较低的叶顶间隙，并呈一定角度冲击叶顶间隙内的泄漏流。基于Tesla阀门的工作原理，本引流孔1引入叶顶间隙的被动射流可在叶顶间隙区域内引起旋涡并阻碍泄漏流，进而对叶顶泄漏流造成巨大的流动损失，从而可以有效抑制水翼2叶顶分离涡与叶顶泄漏涡的产生。本发明基于本被动射流可有效抑制或消除水翼叶顶泄漏流引起的叶顶间隙泄漏涡和分离涡，抑制叶顶空蚀破坏，延长水翼的使用寿命，提高水翼运行效率与稳定性。The technical solution of this embodiment is shown in Figure 4. A series of drainage holes 1 are arranged at the top position of the hydrofoil 2. When the leakage flow from the tip of the hydrofoil 2 flows through the tip of the hydrofoil, due to the narrow flow channel in the tip clearance, the flow speed is faster and the pressure is smaller. The high-pressure fluid located at the pressure surface of the tip of the hydrofoil flows through the draft tube. The pressure is lower in the blade tip clearance and impacts the leakage flow in the blade tip clearance at a certain angle. Based on the working principle of the Tesla valve, the passive jet introduced into the tip clearance by this diversion hole 1 can cause vortices in the tip clearance area and hinder the leakage flow, thereby causing huge flow losses to the tip leakage flow, thereby effectively inhibiting the hydrofoil. 2. The generation of blade tip separation vortex and blade tip leakage vortex. Based on the passive jet, the invention can effectively suppress or eliminate the tip gap leakage vortex and separation vortex caused by the hydrofoil tip leakage flow, suppress the blade tip cavitation damage, extend the service life of the hydrofoil, and improve the operating efficiency and stability of the hydrofoil. .
如图5所示，为本发明基于被动射流的水翼叶顶泄漏流消涡装置和同型号原始水翼在相同工况下的数值模拟计算结果。图示结果(1)为Q＝7×106s-2的涡等值面，(2)为P＝3574Pa(饱和蒸汽压)的压力等值面(代表空泡轮廓)。对比可知，水翼叶顶开设不同数量的射流孔对TLV的抑制效果有一定影响，但与原始水翼相比，本发明装置对水翼叶顶间隙泄漏涡(TLV)的抑制效果非常明显。As shown in Figure 5, it is the numerical simulation calculation results of the hydrofoil tip leakage flow vortex elimination device based on passive jet according to the present invention and the original hydrofoil of the same model under the same working conditions. The illustrated result (1) is the vortex isosurface of Q=7×10 6 s -2 , and (2) is the pressure isosurface (representing the cavitation contour) of P=3574Pa (saturated vapor pressure). It can be seen from the comparison that different numbers of jet holes on the top of the hydrofoil have a certain impact on the TLV suppression effect. However, compared with the original hydrofoil, the device of the present invention has a very obvious suppression effect on the hydrofoil tip clearance leakage vortex (TLV).
Claims (7)
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| CN116717499B (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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