CN116711684A - Optimized cultivation method for high-quality chickens - Google Patents
Optimized cultivation method for high-quality chickens Download PDFInfo
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- CN116711684A CN116711684A CN202310754137.5A CN202310754137A CN116711684A CN 116711684 A CN116711684 A CN 116711684A CN 202310754137 A CN202310754137 A CN 202310754137A CN 116711684 A CN116711684 A CN 116711684A
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 210000000579 abdominal fat Anatomy 0.000 claims description 48
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004544 DNA amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007400 DNA extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 108020004465 16S ribosomal RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001712 DNA sequencing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004003 subcutaneous fat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for optimally breeding high-quality chickens, which relates to the field of high-quality chicken breeding, wherein the method for breeding the high-quality chickens carries out estimation of fat deposition of the high-quality chickens through different breeding modes, local chicken varieties are taken as breeding chickens, a basic chicken group is built, and individual breeding chickens are eliminated and selected on the basis of the basic chicken group.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of high-quality chicken breeding, in particular to an optimized breeding method for high-quality chickens.
Background
The fat distribution can be used as an important index for breeding high-quality broiler chickens, chicken breeds are bred in the directions of high intramuscular fat, low abdominal fat and low subcutaneous fat body fat distribution, the method is an urgent task of the current high-quality broiler chickens breeding work, the excessive deposition of body fat (especially abdominal fat) of the broiler chickens always disturbs broiler chickens breeding workers worldwide, the problem of excessive deposition of abdominal fat is commonly caused by chickens, the excessive abdominal fat can reduce the feed conversion efficiency, the raising cost of high-quality chickens is improved, and the excessive fat is discarded to cause waste and environmental pollution; in addition, the overfattening of chickens can seriously influence the laying rate, fertility rate and hatching rate, increase the death rate in the egg producing period, influence the reproductive performance of the population, but the abdominal fat deposition character is mainly related to inheritance though being greatly influenced by factors such as nutrition, feeding modes and the like, the method is the most fundamental method for effectively reducing the abdominal fat deposition rate of high-quality broiler chickens through inheritance breeding, high-abdominal fat individuals are efficiently and accurately eliminated, individuals with moderate abdominal fat deposition characters are selected to form the population, the establishment of low-fat strains is quickened, the abdominal fat characters are improved, the carcass quality is improved, and the method has considerable economic value.
The existing high-quality chicken breeding enterprises select the belly fat of the high-quality chicken by some means, at present, the belly fat is selected mainly by two methods, namely, a breeder touches the belly of the high-quality chicken one by one, individuals considered to be rich in belly fat are eliminated, the belly fat is less, the seeds are reserved for breeding for the next generation, the method is large in error and is easily subjectively influenced by a seed selector, the accuracy is often not high, the other method is to perform large-scale slaughter determination on the belly fat character, and sibling selection is realized by using a BLUP method, and the method has high requirements on the hardware of the enterprises and is high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at: in order to solve the technical problems of large artificial breeding error and low accuracy, the optimal cultivation method for the high-quality chickens is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: the method for breeding the high-quality chickens comprises the following steps of performing estimation of fat deposition of the high-quality chickens through different breeding modes, constructing a basic chicken group by taking local chicken varieties as breeding chickens, and performing elimination and selection of individual breeding chickens on the basis of the basic chicken group, wherein the breeding method comprises the following steps:
step one, assembling a basic chicken group, dividing the chicken group into two raising areas, dividing each raising area into three groups, and respectively carrying out cage raising (A), indoor parallel raising (B) and forest land free-range raising (C);
feeding high-energy daily ration and high-protein daily ration to the two feeding areas respectively, and after three groups of basic chicken groups are fed to a mature period, respectively collecting faeces in all the basic chicken groups, and removing impurities in the faeces;
thirdly, after the steps of microbial DNA extraction, DNA amplification and DNA sequencing in the feces, calculating the measured sequence by using a data processing system to obtain a Chao1 value and an ACE value of microbial diversity;
step four, respectively extracting a plurality of chickens from the three groups of basic chicken groups A, B, C to slaughter, carrying out carcass weight and full-clean-bore weighing, collecting deposited abdominal fat weighing, and calculating to obtain abdominal fat weights and abdominal fat rates of different chickens of the first generation A, B, C;
step five, comparing the abdominal fat weight and the abdominal fat rate of the A, B, C groups of different chickens, combining the Chao1 value and the ACE value of the microorganism diversity obtained in the step three, eliminating chicken individuals with the Chao1 value smaller than 2300 and the ACE value smaller than 2300 in the rest basic chicken groups, reserving the rest chicken individuals, and breeding the second generation;
step six, collecting the faeces of all individuals of the third generation A, B, C on the basis of the second generation feeding to the maturity stage, removing impurities in the faeces, analyzing the microbial diversity of the clean faeces, eliminating the individuals with Chao1 values less than 2300 and ACE values less than 2300, comparing the three groups A, B, C, and breeding the other individuals of the second generation as reserved seeds for the third generation;
and seventhly, repeating the step six, and continuously optimizing the breeding hens to obtain a high-quality chicken strain with low abdominal fat rate.
By adopting the cultivation method, different feeding feeds and feeding modes are distinguished under the free-range condition, and the fat deposition of the high-quality chickens is obviously reduced through analysis of detection results, wherein the fat deposition influence on the abdomen is maximum, the intramuscular fat of the free-range chickens is obviously lower than that of the cage chickens and the free-range chickens, and the high-quality chicken strain with low abdomen fat rate is obtained through the regional and grouping cultivation method by continuously comparing and eliminating
Further, the mature period in the second step refers to breeding hens with the feeding time of 90-120 d.
Further, the method for extracting the microbial DNA in the feces in the third step comprises the following steps: adding 15-20mol/L physiological saline into the pretreated excrement, stirring at a high speed to form a suspension, and extracting the total DNA of microorganisms in the excrement by using a microorganism DNA extraction kit, wherein the solid-liquid ratio is 1:5-15.
Further, the DNA amplification method in the third step is as follows: the V4 region of 16S rDNA is amplified by using a 515f/806r primer by adopting an in vitro DNA amplification technology, and a PCR product is purified and recovered by using a kit.
Further, the DNA sequencing method in the third step is as follows: the purified and recovered PCR products were sequenced using Hiseq2500, the measured sequences were pooled using Flash v1.2.7 paired ends, the chimeric sequences were removed using the Uchime algorithm, original label quality control was performed using QIIME v1.7.0, and finally, the tax omicunit with a 97% similarity threshold was analyzed by manipulation using Uparse v7.0.1001.
Further, in the sixth step, the comparison method is as follows: (1) The two feeding areas group A, group B and group C are respectively subjected to comparison of Chao1 value, ACE value, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate, (namely, the effect of feeding feed); (2) The Chao1 value, ACE value, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate between the group A, group B and group C chickens in the feeding area were compared individually (i.e. the effect of feeding mode).
By the comparison method, when the chickens eat high-energy daily ration, the SFA and MUFA content in intramuscular fat can be obviously increased (p 0.05), the IMP, IMF, PUFA content can be obviously reduced (p 0.05), and when the chickens eat high-protein daily ration, the intramuscular fat, SFA and MUFA content can be obviously reduced (p 0.05), and the PUFA content can be obviously increased.
Further, the abdominal fat ratio=abdominal fat weight/(full net hall weight+abdominal fat weight) ×100% in the step six.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
according to the application, through the assembly basic chicken flock, the assembly basic chicken flock is divided into two feeding areas, each feeding area is divided into A, B, C groups, then the microbial diversity in chicken manure is detected respectively, the Chao1 index and the ACE index can be used as biological marks for predicting and identifying the abdominal fat deposition of the chicken, the detection result is accurate, the analysis method is simple and convenient, the full-automatic detection can be realized, the cost is low, and the operability is strong;
according to the method, different feeding feeds and feeding modes are distinguished, and through analysis of detection results, fat deposition of high-quality chickens is obviously reduced under the free-range condition, wherein the fat deposition influence on abdomen is maximum, intramuscular fat of free-range chickens is obviously lower than that of cage chickens and plain chickens, and high-quality chicken strains with low abdomen fat rate are obtained through continuous comparison and elimination of the regional and grouped breeding methods.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further specifically described by the following examples.
Embodiment one: a high-quality chicken optimal cultivation method comprises the steps of firstly, assembling a basic chicken group, dividing the chicken group into two raising areas, dividing each raising area into three groups, and respectively carrying out cage raising (A), indoor flat raising (B) and forest land free-range raising (C);
feeding high-energy daily ration and high-protein daily ration to the two feeding areas respectively, and after three groups of basic chicken groups are fed for 90 hours, respectively collecting faeces in all basic chicken groups, and removing impurities in the faeces;
the method comprises the steps of extracting microbial DNA in excrement (adding 15mol/L physiological saline into the pretreated excrement, mixing at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, forming a suspension by stirring at a high speed, extracting total DNA of microorganisms in the excrement by using a microbial DNA extraction kit), amplifying DNA (amplifying a V4 region of 16S rDNA by using an in vitro DNA amplification technology by using a 515f/806r primer, purifying and recovering PCR products by using a kit), sequencing DNA (sequencing the purified and recovered PCR products by using a Hiseq2500, removing the detected sequence by using a Uchime algorithm, performing original mark quality control by using QIIME V1.7.0, and finally performing operation analysis on TaxonomicUnit with a similarity threshold of 97% by using Uparse V7.0.1001), and calculating a Chao1 value and a value of microbial diversity by using a data processing system;
respectively extracting a plurality of chickens from the three groups of basic chicken groups A, B, C for slaughtering, carrying out carcass weight and full-clean-bore weighing, collecting deposited abdominal fat for weighing, and calculating to obtain abdominal fat weights and abdominal fat rates of different chickens of the first generation A, B, C;
comparing the abdominal fat weight and the abdominal fat rate of A, B, C three groups of different chickens, combining the Chao1 value and the ACE value of the microorganism diversity obtained in the step three, eliminating chicken individuals with the Chao1 value smaller than 2300 and the ACE value smaller than 2300 in the rest basic chicken groups, reserving the rest chicken individuals, and breeding for the second generation;
collecting the excrement of all individuals in the third generation of A, B, C on the basis of the second generation raising to the maturity, removing impurities in the excrement, analyzing the microbial diversity of the clean excrement, eliminating individuals with Chao1 value less than 2300 and ACE value less than 2300, comparing the three groups of A, B, C, and breeding the other individuals in the second generation as reserved seeds for the third generation, repeating the steps, and continuously optimizing the breeding chickens to obtain the high-quality chicken strain with low abdominal fat rate.
Embodiment two: a high-quality chicken optimal cultivation method comprises the steps of firstly, assembling a basic chicken group, dividing the chicken group into two raising areas, dividing each raising area into three groups, and respectively carrying out cage raising (A), indoor flat raising (B) and forest land free-range raising (C);
feeding high-energy daily ration and high-protein daily ration to the two feeding areas respectively, and after three groups of basic chicken groups are fed for 120 hours, respectively collecting faeces in all the basic chicken groups, and removing impurities in the faeces;
the method comprises the steps of extracting microorganism DNA in excrement (adding physiological saline with the concentration of 20mol/L into the pretreated excrement, mixing at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15, forming a suspension by stirring at a high speed, extracting total DNA of microorganisms in the excrement by using a microorganism DNA extraction kit), amplifying DNA (amplifying a V4 region of 16S rDNA by using an in vitro DNA amplification technology by using a 515f/806r primer, purifying and recovering PCR products by using a kit), sequencing DNA (sequencing the purified and recovered PCR products by using a Hiseq2500, removing the detected sequence by using a Uchime algorithm by using Flash v1.2.7, performing original mark quality control by using QIIME v1.7.0, and finally performing operation analysis on TaxonomicUnit with a similarity threshold of 97% by using Uparse v7.0.1001), and calculating a Chao1 value and a value of microorganism diversity by using a data processing system;
respectively extracting a plurality of chickens from the three groups of basic chicken groups A, B, C for slaughtering, carrying out carcass weight and full-clean-bore weighing, collecting deposited abdominal fat for weighing, and calculating to obtain abdominal fat weights and abdominal fat rates of different chickens of the first generation A, B, C;
comparing the abdominal fat weight and the abdominal fat rate of A, B, C three groups of different chickens, combining the Chao1 value and the ACE value of the microorganism diversity obtained in the step three, eliminating chicken individuals with the Chao1 value smaller than 2300 and the ACE value smaller than 2300 in the rest basic chicken groups, reserving the rest chicken individuals, and breeding for the second generation;
collecting the excrement of all individuals in the third generation of A, B, C on the basis of the second generation raising to the maturity, removing impurities in the excrement, analyzing the microbial diversity of the clean excrement, eliminating individuals with Chao1 value less than 2300 and ACE value less than 2300, comparing the three groups of A, B, C, and breeding the other individuals in the second generation as reserved seeds for the third generation, repeating the steps, and continuously optimizing the breeding chickens to obtain the high-quality chicken strain with low abdominal fat rate.
The application researches the effect of the daily ration nutrition level and soybean phospholipids on intramuscular fat deposition, and the result shows that when chickens eat high-energy daily ration, the SFA and MUFA content in intramuscular fat can be obviously increased (p 0.05), the IMP, IMF, PUFA content can be obviously reduced (p 0.05), and when chickens eat high-protein daily ration, the intramuscular fat, SFA and MUFA content can be obviously reduced (p 0.05), and the PUFA content can be obviously increased.
In conclusion, soybean phospholipids are added into daily ration to increase intramuscular fat content and reduce abdominal fat rate.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. An optimized cultivation method for high-quality chickens is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the breeding method comprises the steps of performing fat deposition speculation on high-quality chickens by different feeding modes, constructing a basic chicken group by taking local chicken varieties as breeding chickens, and eliminating and selecting individual breeding chickens on the basis of the basic chicken group, wherein the breeding method comprises the following steps:
step one, assembling a basic chicken group, dividing the chicken group into two raising areas, dividing each raising area into three groups, and respectively carrying out cage raising (A), indoor parallel raising (B) and forest land free-range raising (C);
feeding high-energy daily ration and high-protein daily ration to the two feeding areas respectively, and after three groups of basic chicken groups are fed to a mature period, respectively collecting faeces in all the basic chicken groups, and removing impurities in the faeces;
thirdly, after the steps of microbial DNA extraction, DNA amplification and DNA sequencing in the feces, calculating the measured sequence by using a data processing system to obtain a Chao1 value and an ACE value of microbial diversity;
step four, respectively extracting a plurality of chickens from the three groups of basic chicken groups A, B, C to slaughter, carrying out carcass weight and full-clean-bore weighing, collecting deposited abdominal fat weighing, and calculating to obtain abdominal fat weights and abdominal fat rates of different chickens of the first generation A, B, C;
step five, comparing the abdominal fat weight and the abdominal fat rate of the A, B, C groups of different chickens, combining the Chao1 value and the ACE value of the microorganism diversity obtained in the step three, eliminating chicken individuals with the Chao1 value smaller than 2300 and the ACE value smaller than 2300 in the rest basic chicken groups, reserving the rest chicken individuals, and breeding the second generation;
step six, collecting the faeces of all individuals of the third generation A, B, C on the basis of the second generation feeding to the maturity stage, removing impurities in the faeces, analyzing the microbial diversity of the clean faeces, eliminating the individuals with Chao1 values less than 2300 and ACE values less than 2300, comparing the three groups A, B, C, and breeding the other individuals of the second generation as reserved seeds for the third generation;
and seventhly, repeating the step six, and continuously optimizing the breeding hens to obtain a high-quality chicken strain with low abdominal fat rate.
2. The optimal cultivation method of high-quality chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mature period in the second step refers to the breeding hens with the feeding time of 90-120 d.
3. The optimal cultivation method of high-quality chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for extracting the microbial DNA in the feces in the third step comprises the following steps: adding 15-20mol/L physiological saline into the pretreated excrement, stirring at a high speed to form a suspension, and extracting the total DNA of microorganisms in the excrement by using a microorganism DNA extraction kit, wherein the solid-liquid ratio is 1:5-15.
4. The optimal cultivation method of high-quality chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the DNA amplification method in the third step comprises the following steps: the V4 region of 16S rDNA is amplified by using a 515f/806r primer by adopting an in vitro DNA amplification technology, and a PCR product is purified and recovered by using a kit.
5. The optimal cultivation method of high-quality chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the DNA sequencing method in the third step comprises the following steps: the purified and recovered PCR products were sequenced using Hiseq2500, the measured sequences were pooled using Flash v1.2.7 paired ends, the chimeric sequences were removed using the Uchime algorithm, original label quality control was performed using QIIME v1.7.0, and finally, the tax omicunit with a 97% similarity threshold was analyzed by manipulation using Uparse v7.0.1001.
6. The optimal cultivation method of high-quality chickens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the comparison method in the step six is as follows: (1) The two feeding areas group A, group B and group C are respectively subjected to comparison of Chao1 value, ACE value, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate (namely, the effect of feeding feed); (2) The Chao1 value, ACE value, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate between the group A, group B and group C chickens in the feeding area were compared individually (i.e. the effect of feeding mode).
7. The optimal cultivation method of high-quality chickens according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the abdominal fat ratio=abdominal fat weight/(full net hall weight+abdominal fat weight) ×100% in step six.
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