CN116706667A - 一种超窄线宽激光产生装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超窄线宽激光产生装置,该装置包括光自注入锁定环路和超稳腔锁相环路,光自注入锁定环路提高了激光谐振腔的品质因数以压窄线宽,超稳腔锁相环路锁定光自注入中光信号的相位,实现激光器频率和光学谐振腔进行同步,通过反馈控制激光器的驱动电流进一步降低激光器的频率噪声并提高激光器的线宽压窄率;同时由于超稳腔锁相环路对激光器频率的稳定控制,也避免了由于激光器频率漂移导致出现的跳模的现象,提高了系统的稳定性。因此,本发明装置可以为光纤通信、激光雷达、工业器件加工、医疗等领域提供稳定的窄线宽激光源。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电技术领域,具体涉及一种超窄线宽激光产生装置。
背景技术
激光全称是受激辐射光放大,是指处于高能级的粒子受到外界光子激励,向低能级跃迁,释放出与激励光子光学特性高度一致的光子束。因此激光相比普通光源具有单色性、方向性等优点而被广泛应用于光纤通信、激光雷达、工业器件加工、医疗等领域。对于理想情况下的激光器,仅存在受激辐射,高能级原子损耗的能量在受激过程中得到了补充,并且产生的光波与原来的光波相干叠加,使谐振腔内的光波振幅始终保持恒定,所以线宽应无限趋于零。但是由于自发辐射的影响,激光器内受激辐射增益会略小于腔内总损耗,进而产生的非相干光波与受激辐射产生的相干光相叠加,导致了激光器线宽的展宽。并且在实际应用中,由于工艺及环境等因素使得激光器不可避免的出现频率漂移和相位抖动,这反映在功率谱上也就是所谓的展宽。以相干光通信为例,激光线宽的展宽将会导致接收端信噪比的恶化,进而影响通信的质量。因此,窄线宽激光器是激光应用中不可或缺的一部分。目前,已经成熟且商用的分布反馈式半导体激光器的线宽在兆赫兹左右,虽然对于一般的应用已经足够,但是对于一些精密的光学测量和高质量的微波光子信号产生等应用还是略显不足。而商用的窄线宽激光器价格非常昂贵,极大地提高了系统的成本。因此研究者们希望能够通过其他外部结构压窄激光器线宽。
光自注入锁定技术是一个能够压窄激光器线宽的方法。它只需将激光器输出光的一部分通过环形器耦合回激光器中,即可实现激光器线宽的压窄。因此,光自注入锁定系统具有非常简单的结构,并且可以实现较高的线宽压窄率。但是自注入的方式相当于变相增加谐振腔的环长以获取更高的谐振腔品质因数(Q值)。因此,较长的环路长度将引入更大的相位抖动,同时导致自由光谱范围减小,更多纵模将满足振荡器的起振条件,也就导致了较低的边模抑制比,这将大大限制激光器的频率稳定性。因此研究者们提出可以在反馈环路中加入一个窄带的光滤波器以滤除不需要的模式。常见的窄带滤波器包括了法布里珀罗谐振腔、光栅谐振腔、回音壁模式谐振腔等。但是较小的自由光谱范围也对窄带滤波器的品质因数提出了更高的要求,并且随着反馈注入光的增强,光自注入锁定的线宽压窄率将趋于饱和,一般在几百倍至一千倍左右。
发明内容
鉴于上述,本发明提供了一种超窄线宽激光产生装置。该装置具有比光自注入锁定更高的线宽压窄率和更低的频率噪声,并且避免非常高Q值光学谐振腔的使用,降低了系统的成本。
一种超窄线宽激光产生装置,包括光自注入锁定环路和超稳腔锁相环路;光自注入锁定环路用于提高激光器谐振腔的谐振品质因数并压窄激光器的线宽;超稳腔锁相环路用于稳定光自注入锁定环路光信号的相位,通过反馈控制激光器电流进一步降低激光器的频率噪声;光自注入锁定环路和超稳腔锁相环路相结合,实现振荡频率高稳定的超窄线宽激光输出。
所述光自注入锁定环路由一个激光器、一个光纤环形器、两个1×2光纤耦合器、一个相位调制器、一个超稳光学谐振腔、一个偏振控制器、一个掺铒光纤放大器、一个光带通滤波器、一个压电陶瓷控制器;所述超稳腔锁相环路由一个激光器、一个光纤环形器、两个1×2光纤耦合器、一个相位调制器、一个超稳光学谐振腔、一个雪崩光电二极管、一个电带通滤波器、一个模拟信号源、一个电功率分配器、一个混频器、一个环路滤波器、一个放大器、一个伺服电路、一个加法电路、一个恒定电流源;光自注入锁定环路与超稳腔锁相环路具有共同的组成部分,包括一个激光器、一个光纤环形器、两个1×2光纤耦合器、一个相位调制器、一个光学谐振腔。
进一步地,所述光自注入锁定环路包括:
激光器,产生光信号L1至光纤环形器第二端口;
光纤环形器,实现光信号L1从光纤环形器的第二端口至第三端口单向传输,第三端口的输出光信号记为L2,光信号L2传输至第一1×2光纤耦合器;
第一1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L2分为两路光信号L31和L32,光信号L31传输至相位调制器,光信号L32为所述装置输出的窄线宽激光信号;
相位调制器,将电信号E22调制到光信号L31上,产生光信号L4,并传输至光学谐振腔;
光学谐振腔,光信号L4通过光学谐振腔后,光信号L4的两个边带将产生不同的相位变化,此时光信号记为L5,并且光信号L5传输至第二1×2光纤耦合器;
第二1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L5分为两路光信号L61和L62,光信号L61传输至掺铒光纤放大器,光信号L62传输至雪崩光电二极管;
掺铒光纤放大器,用于放大光信号L61为光信号L7,光信号L7传输至光带通滤波器;
光带通滤波器,用于降低光信号L7中由掺铒光纤放大器引入的自发辐射噪声,并输出光信号L8至偏振控制器;
偏振控制器,用于调整光自注入锁定环路的偏振态,光信号L8经过偏振控制器后输出光信号L9至压电陶瓷控制器;
压电陶瓷控制器,由电信号E7控制,可以对光自注入锁定环路的长度进行微调,并输出光信号L10至光纤环形器第一端口;
光信号L10进入光纤环形器的第一端口并单向传输至第二端口,从而注入回激光器中形成完整的光自注入锁定环路;
所述超稳腔锁相环路包括:
激光器,产生光信号L1至光纤环形器第二端口;
光纤环形器,实现光信号L1从光纤环形器的第二端口至第三端口单向传输,第三端口的输出光信号记为L2,光信号L2传输至第一1×2光纤耦合器;
第一1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L2分为两路光信号L31和L32,光信号L31传输至相位调制器,光信号L32为所述装置输出的窄线宽激光信号;
相位调制器,将电信号E22调制到光信号L31上,产生光信号L4,并传输至光学谐振腔;
光学谐振腔,光信号L4通过光学谐振腔后,光信号L4的两个边带将产生不同的相位变化,此时光信号记为L5,并且光信号L5传输至第二1×2光纤耦合器;
第二1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L5分为两路光信号L61和L62,光信号L61传输至掺铒光纤放大器,光信号L62传输至雪崩光电二极管;
雪崩光电二极管,用于将光信号L62转化为电信号E1,并传输至电带通滤波器;
电带通滤波器,对电信号E1进行滤波,输出电信号E2至混频器射频端口;
模拟信号源,用于产生参考电信号E3,电信号E3传输至电功率分配器;
电功率分配器,将电信号E3分为功率相等,相位差90°的电信号E41和E42,电信号E42传输至相位调制器,电信号E41传输至混频器的本振端口;
混频器,用于比较电信号E41与电信号E2的相位差,得到电信号E5,并传输至环路滤波器;
环路滤波器,对电信号E5进行积分等处理,产生电信号E61和E62,电信号E61传输至放大器,电信号E62传输至伺服电路;
放大器,对控制信号E61进行放大,产生电信号E7以控制压电陶瓷控制器;
伺服电路,将电信号E62转化为电流信号E8,传输至加法电路;
加法电路,将电流信号E8与恒定电流源输出的电流信号E9相加,得到反馈控制激光器的电流E10;
电信号E7用于控制压电陶瓷控制器以控制光自注入锁定环路光信号的相位,电信号E10用于反馈控制激光器的电流以降低激光器的相位噪声,两者共同实现超稳腔锁相环路的闭环控制。
本发明装置包括光自注入锁定环路和超稳腔锁相环路,光自注入锁定环路提高了激光谐振腔的品质因数以压窄线宽,超稳腔锁相环路调节光自注入锁定的环路长度与激光器的驱动电流,实现激光器频率和光学谐振腔进行同步,从而更进一步降低激光器的频率噪声并提高激光器的线宽压窄率;同时由于超稳腔锁相环路对激光器频率的稳定控制,也避免了由于激光器频率漂移导致出现的跳模的现象,提高了系统的稳定性。因此,本发明装置可以为光纤通信、激光雷达、工业器件加工、医疗等领域提供稳定的窄线宽激光源。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置的具体结构示意图。
图中:1—激光器,2—光纤环形器,3—第一1×2光耦合器,4—相位调制器,5—光学谐振腔,6—第二1×2光耦合器,7—掺铒光纤放大器,8—光带通滤波器,9—偏振控制器,10—压电陶瓷控制器,11—雪崩光电二极管,12—电带通滤波器,13—混频器,14—模拟信号源,15—电功率分配器,16—环路滤波器,17—电放大器、18—伺服电路,19—加法电路,20—恒定电流源。
图2为本发明装置的s域模型框图。
具体实施方式
为了更为具体地描述本发明,下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
如图1所示,所述光自注入锁定环路由激光器1、光纤环形器2、第一1×2光纤耦合器3、相位调制器4、光学谐振腔5、第二1×2光纤耦合器6、掺铒光纤放大器7、光带通滤波器8、偏振控制器9、压电陶瓷控制器10组成,它们之间均通过光纤连接;激光器输出的光经过光自注入锁定环路后返回激光器内部,这相当增加了激光器谐振腔的环长,进而提高了激光器的品质因数,从而降低了激光器的线宽;但是由于环长增加和增益竞争的效应,相邻模式也可能满足起振条件,导致振荡模式可能发生跳变,因此在环路中增加光学谐振腔对不需要的模式进行滤波,可以提高系统稳定性;所述超稳腔锁相环路的组成中,激光器1、光纤环形器2、第一1×2光纤耦合器3、相位调制器4、光学谐振腔5、第二1×2光纤耦合器6、雪崩光电二极管11之间均通过光纤连接,电带通滤波器12、模拟信号源14、电功率分配器15、混频器13之间通过同轴电缆进行连接,环路滤波器16、放大器17、伺服电路18、加法电路19、恒定电流源20之间通过铜导线连接。
具体的工作方式为:先将激光器频率调节至超稳光学腔的谐振频率附近,超稳腔锁相环路将激光器频率偏移光学谐振腔的信息转化为电压信号,同时当激光器被光自注入锁定后,激光器频率将会满足环长增加后的起振条件,即由环长决定,因此可以通过微调环长实现激光器频率与光学谐振腔同步,降低由环路抖动造成的激光器频率噪声,同时控制信号的高频分量用于控制激光器的驱动电流,降低由于电流噪声引起的频率噪声;因此,激光器的频率噪声能够被进一步抑制,也即激光器线宽被进一步压窄。
本实施方式中,s域模型如图2所示。由图可以得到,当没有超稳腔锁相环路控制时,输入噪声经过光自注入锁定结构后,即为系统的输出噪声,因此噪声抑制的增益为KSIL,且KSIL远小于1,表明光自注入锁定对于频率噪声的抑制。在加入超稳腔锁相环路来反馈控制后,闭环系统的频率噪声抑制增益可以推导为:
其中代表激光器的输出频率噪声,/>代表激光器的输入频率噪声,KPDH代表超稳腔锁相环路的鉴频增益,FLF代表环路滤波器的传递函数,FVTF代表激光器电流的调频响应,FPZT代表压电陶瓷控制器的频率响应,KLTF代表光自注入锁定中激光器频率对环路长度的响应;由此可以得到,相比于单一的光自注入锁定系统,本发明提出的结构对光相位噪声抑制比可以提高1+KPDHFLF(KSILFVTF+KLTFFPZT)倍。
上述对实施例的描述是为便于本技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对上述实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,对于本发明做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种超窄线宽激光产生装置,包括光自注入锁定环路和超稳腔锁相环路;光自注入锁定环路用于提高激光器谐振腔的谐振品质因数并压窄激光器的线宽;超稳腔锁相环路用于稳定光自注入锁定环路光信号的相位,通过反馈控制激光器电流进一步降低激光器的频率噪声;光自注入锁定环路和超稳腔锁相环路相结合,实现频率高稳定的超窄线宽激光输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的产生装置,其特征在于:
所述光自注入锁定环路包括:
激光器,产生光信号L1至光纤环形器第二端口;
光纤环形器,实现光信号L1从光纤环形器的第二端口至第三端口单向传输,第三端口的输出光信号记为L2,光信号L2传输至第一1×2光纤耦合器;
第一1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L2分为两路光信号L31和L32,光信号L31传输至相位调制器,光信号L32为所述装置输出的窄线宽激光信号;
相位调制器,将电信号E22调制到光信号L31上,产生光信号L4,并传输至光学谐振腔;
光学谐振腔,光信号L4通过光学谐振腔后,光信号L4的两个边带将产生不同的相位变化,此时光信号记为L5,并且光信号L5传输至第二1×2光纤耦合器;
第二1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L5分为两路光信号L61和L62,光信号L61传输至掺铒光纤放大器,光信号L62传输至雪崩光电二极管;
掺铒光纤放大器,用于放大光信号L61为光信号L7,光信号L7传输至光带通滤波器;
光带通滤波器,用于降低光信号L7中由掺铒光纤放大器引入的自发辐射噪声,并输出光信号L8至偏振控制器;
偏振控制器,用于调整光自注入锁定环路的偏振态,光信号L8经过偏振控制器后输出光信号L9至压电陶瓷控制器;
压电陶瓷控制器,由电信号E7控制,可以对光自注入锁定环路的长度进行微调,并输出光信号L10至光纤环形器第一端口;
光信号L10进入光纤环形器的第一端口并单向传输至第二端口,从而注入回激光器中形成完整的光自注入锁定环路。
3.根据权利要求1所述的产生装置,其特征在于:所述超稳腔锁相环路包括:
激光器,产生光信号L1至光纤环形器第二端口;
光纤环形器,实现光信号L1从光纤环形器的第二端口至第三端口单向传输,第三端口的输出光信号记为L2,光信号L2传输至第一1×2光纤耦合器;
第一1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L2分为两路光信号L31和L32,光信号L31传输至相位调制器,光信号L32为所述装置输出的窄线宽激光信号;
相位调制器,将电信号E22调制到光信号L31上,产生光信号L4,并传输至光学谐振腔;
光学谐振腔,光信号L4通过光学谐振腔后,光信号L4的两个边带将产生不同的相位变化,此时光信号记为L5,并且光信号L5传输至第二1×2光纤耦合器;
第二1×2光纤耦合器,用于将光信号L5分为两路光信号L61和L62,光信号L61传输至掺铒光纤放大器,光信号L62传输至雪崩光电二极管;
雪崩光电二极管,用于将光信号L62转化为电信号E1,并传输至电带通滤波器;
电带通滤波器,对电信号E1进行滤波,输出电信号E2至混频器射频端口;
模拟信号源,用于产生参考电信号E3,电信号E3传输至电功率分配器;
电功率分配器,将电信号E3分为功率相等,相位差90°的电信号E41和E42,电信号E42传输至相位调制器,电信号E41传输至混频器的本振端口;
混频器,用于比较电信号E41与电信号E2的相位差,得到电信号E5,并传输至环路滤波器;
环路滤波器,对电信号E5进行积分等处理,产生电信号E61和E62,电信号E61传输至放大器,电信号E62传输至伺服电路;
放大器,对控制信号E61进行放大,产生电信号E7以控制压电陶瓷控制器;
伺服电路,将电信号E62转化为电流信号E8,传输至加法电路;
加法电路,将电流信号E8与恒定电流源输出的电流信号E9相加,得到反馈控制激光器的电流E10;
电信号E7用于控制压电陶瓷控制器以控制光自注入锁定环路光信号的相位,电信号E10用于反馈控制激光器的电流以降低激光器的相位噪声,两者共同实权利要求书现超稳腔锁相环路的闭环控制。
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