CN116706545A

CN116706545A - Phase shifter, antenna and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN116706545A
Application number: CN202210190778.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯国栋; 王岩; 贾皓程; 曹迪; 陆岩; 张志锋
Original assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Sensor Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Sensor Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-28
Filing date: 2022-02-28
Publication date: 2023-09-05

Abstract

The invention provides a phase shifter, an antenna and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of microwave communication. The disclosed phase shifter includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an adjustable dielectric layer disposed opposite to each other; the first substrate includes: a first dielectric substrate and a first electrode; the first electrode comprises a first main body structure and a plurality of first branch structures; each of the plurality of first branch structures includes oppositely disposed first and second ends; the second substrate includes: a second dielectric substrate and a second electrode; the second electrode comprises a second main body structure and a plurality of second branch structures; each of the plurality of second branch structures includes a third end and a fourth end disposed opposite each other; the second end part of the first branch structure overlaps with the orthographic projection of the fourth end part of the second branch structure on the first medium substrate, and an overlapping area is defined, and the area of one of the orthographic projections of the second end part and the fourth end part on the first medium substrate is larger than the area of the overlapping area, and the area of the other is equal to the area of the overlapping area.

Description

Phase shifter, antenna and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The disclosure belongs to the technical field of microwave communication, and particularly relates to a phase shifter, an antenna and electronic equipment.

Background

In the existing liquid crystal phase shifter structure, periodic patch capacitor loading is introduced to an upper glass substrate after a box, and the variable capacitor is adjusted by adjusting the voltage difference loaded on two different metal plates to drive liquid crystal molecules to deflect so as to obtain different liquid crystal material characteristics, and the capacitance corresponding to the capacitor is variable. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure is easier to connect and design because the grounding electrode and the signal electrode are in the same plane, and can save the functional requirement of glass perforation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art and provides a phase shifter, an antenna and electronic equipment.

In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a phase shifter including first and second oppositely disposed substrates, and an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first and second substrates; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,

the first substrate includes: the first dielectric substrate is arranged on a first electrode on one side of the first dielectric substrate, which is close to the adjustable dielectric layer; the first electrode comprises a first main body structure and a plurality of first branch structures; each of the plurality of first branch structures comprises a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged, the first end is connected with the first main body structure, and the plurality of first branch structures are arranged side by side along the extending direction of the first main body structure;

The second substrate includes: the second dielectric substrate is arranged on a second electrode on one side of the second dielectric substrate, which is close to the adjustable dielectric layer; the second electrode comprises a second main body structure and a plurality of second branch structures; each of the plurality of second branch structures comprises a third end part and a fourth end part which are oppositely arranged, the third end part is connected with the second main body structure, and the plurality of second branch structures are arranged side by side along the extending direction of the second main body structure;

the second end of one first branch structure overlaps with the orthographic projection of the fourth end of one second branch structure on the first medium substrate and defines an overlapping area, one of the orthographic projections of the second end and the fourth end on the first medium substrate is larger than the overlapping area, and the other is equal to the overlapping area.

Wherein the first electrode comprises a first sub-reference electrode and a second sub-reference electrode, and the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode both comprise the first main body structure and the first branch structure; the second branch structures are connected to two sides of the second main body structure in the extending direction; the orthographic projection of the second main body structure on the first medium substrate is positioned between orthographic projections of the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode on the first medium substrate.

The area of orthographic projection of each first branch structure on the first medium substrate is equal, and the outline is the same; the minimum length of the second end part of any first branch structure in the extending direction of the first main body structure is larger than the maximum length of the fourth end part of any second branch structure in the extending direction of the first main body structure; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

the orthographic projection areas of the second branch structures on the first medium substrate are equal, and the outline is the same; the minimum length of the fourth end part of any one of the second branch structures in the extending direction of the second main body structure is larger than the maximum length of the second end part of any one of the first branch structures in the extending direction of the second main body structure.

The area of orthographic projection of each first branch structure on the first medium substrate is equal, and the outline is the same; the area of orthographic projection of each second branch structure on the first medium substrate is equal, and the outline is the same.

Wherein the first branch structure further comprises a first body portion connected between the first end portion and the second end portion; the second branch structure further comprises a second body portion connected between the third end portion and the fourth end portion;

Providing a first opening on the first branch structure when the length of the first branch structure in the extending direction along the first main body structure is greater than the length of the second branch structure in the extending direction along the first main body structure, wherein the first opening extends from the first main body part to the second end part, and the positions of the first openings on the first branch structure are the same; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

when the length of the second branch structure in the extending direction along the first main body structure is larger than that of the first branch structure in the extending direction along the first main body structure, a second opening is arranged on the second branch structure, the second opening extends from the second main body part to the fourth end part, and the positions of the second openings on the second branch structure are the same.

The front projection of each first branch structure on the first medium substrate has the same outline, and the front projection areas of at least two first branch structures on the first medium substrate are different; the outline of the orthographic projection of each second branch structure on the first medium substrate is the same, and the orthographic projection areas of at least two second branch structures on the first medium substrate are different.

The first electrode comprises two first branch structures with different orthographic projection areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely a first branch structure (a) and a first branch structure (b); the second electrode comprises two second branch structures with different orthographic projection areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely a second branch structure (a) and a second branch structure (b);

the second end part of one first branch structure (a) and the orthographic projection of the fourth end part of one second branch structure (a) on the first medium substrate are overlapped, and the orthographic projection area of the second end part of the first branch structure (a) on the first medium substrate is larger than the area of the overlapped area;

the second end of one first branch structure (b) and the orthographic projection of the fourth end of one second branch structure (b) on the first medium substrate are overlapped, and the orthographic projection area of the fourth end of the second branch structure (b) on the first medium substrate is larger than the area of the overlapped area.

Wherein the orthographic projection area of the first branch structure (a) on the first medium substrate is larger than the orthographic projection area of the first branch structure (b) on the first medium substrate; the orthographic projection area of the second branch structure (a) on the first medium substrate is smaller than that of the second branch structure (b) on the first medium substrate.

providing a first opening on the first branch structure (a), wherein the first opening extends from the first main body part to the second end part, and the positions of the first openings on the first branch structure (a) are the same;

and a second opening is arranged on the second branch structure (b), the second opening extends from the second main body part to the fourth end part, and the positions of the second openings on the second branch structure (b) are the same.

Wherein the second branch structures (a) and the second branch structures (b) located at the same side of the extending direction of the second main body structure are alternately arranged.

The outline of orthographic projection of each first branch structure and each second branch structure on the first medium substrate is the same.

Wherein the outline of orthographic projection of the first branch structure and the second branch structure on the first medium substrate is different; the first branch structure includes a first body portion connected between a first end portion and a second end portion; the first main body part comprises a first connecting end and a second connecting end which are oppositely arranged;

For a first branch structure, the first connecting end is connected with the first end, the second connecting end is connected with the second end, the length of the second end in the extending direction of the first main body structure is monotonously increased in the direction deviating from the first end, and the length of the second connecting end in the extending direction of the first main body structure is monotonously decreased in the direction deviating from the first end.

Wherein the second electrode further comprises a first filling structure connected between the adjacently arranged second branch structures.

Wherein the outline of orthographic projection of the first branch structure and the second branch structure on the first medium substrate is different; the second branch structure further comprises a second main body part connected between the third end part and the fourth end part, and the second main body part comprises a third connecting end and a fourth connecting end which are oppositely arranged;

for a second branch structure, the third connecting end is connected with the third end, the fourth connecting end is connected with the fourth end, the length of the fourth end in the extending direction along the first main body structure is monotonically increased in the direction away from the third end, and the length of the fourth connecting end in the extending direction along the first main body structure is monotonically decreased in the direction away from the third end.

Wherein the first electrode further comprises a second filling structure connected between the adjacently arranged first branching structures.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an antenna comprising any one of the phase shifters described above.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including the antenna described above.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of an exemplary phase shifter.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of A-A' of the phase shifter of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a top view of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of B-B' of the phase shifter of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a partial schematic diagram of the phase shifter of fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a top view of a phase shifter of a second example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of C-C' of the phase shifter of fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a third example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of D-D' of the phase shifter of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a top view of another phase shifter of a third example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 11 is a top view of a phase shifter of a fourth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of E-E' of the phase shifter of fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a fifth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 14 is a partial schematic view of the phase shifter of fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a top view of another phase shifter of a fifth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 16 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a sixth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 17 is a partial schematic diagram of the phase shifter of fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a top view of another phase shifter of a sixth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 19 is a top view of a phase shifter of a seventh example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 20 is a top view of a phase shifter of an eighth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 21 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a ninth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 22 is a top view of another phase shifter of a ninth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 23 is a top view of a phase shifter of a tenth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 24 is a top view of a phase shifter of an eleventh example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 25 is a top view of another phase shifter of an eleventh example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 26 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a twelfth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 27 is a top view of another phase shifter of a twelfth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used in this disclosure, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. Likewise, the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar terms do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, which may also be changed when the absolute position of the object to be described is changed.

FIG. 1 is a top view of an exemplary phase shifter, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of A-A' of the phase shifter of FIG. 1; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the phase shifter includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 30 disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate comprises a first dielectric substrate 10 and a first electrode 1 arranged on one side of the first dielectric substrate 10 close to the liquid crystal layer 30, wherein the first electrode 1 comprises a first sub-reference electrode 11 and a second sub-reference electrode 12. The second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate 20, and a second electrode 2 disposed on the second dielectric substrate 20. The second electrode 2 includes a main body structure 21 and a plurality of branch structures 22 connected to both sides of the main body structure 21 in the extending direction. The orthographic projection of the main structure of the second electrode 2 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is located between the orthographic projections of the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The front projection of the end part of the branch structure 22, which is connected to one side of the extending direction of the main body structure 21 and is far away from the main body structure, on the first dielectric substrate 10 is at least partially overlapped with the front projection of the first sub-reference electrode 11 on the first dielectric substrate 10; the orthographic projection of the end of the branch structure 22 connected to the other side of the extending direction of the main structure 21, which is far from the main structure 21, on the first dielectric substrate 10 is at least partially overlapped with the orthographic projection of the second sub-reference electrode 12 on the first dielectric substrate 10.

The first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 may be connected to a ground signal, that is, a ground electrode. When a direct current bias voltage is applied to the first electrode 1, the branch structures connected to both sides of the main structure form a coplanar electric field with the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12, respectively, to drive the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 30 to deflect, thereby changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 30, and thus, changing the phase of the transmitted microwave signal can be achieved.

The inventors found that, when the phase shifter is fabricated, after the first substrate and the second substrate which have been formed are aligned, liquid crystal molecules are filled between the first substrate and the second substrate, but alignment deviation tolerance easily occurs during alignment, so that overlapping areas of the branch structures connected to both sides of the extending direction of the main body structure with the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 are changed, respectively, which affects the electrical performance of the phase shifter.

In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions.

In a first aspect, fig. 3 is a top view of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of B-B' of the phase shifter of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of the phase shifter of FIG. 3; as shown in fig. 3-5, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a phase shifter including oppositely disposed first and second substrates, and an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first and second substrates. Wherein the tunable dielectric layer includes, but is not limited to, a liquid crystal layer 30. The tunable dielectric layer is described as the liquid crystal layer 30 in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The first substrate includes a first dielectric substrate 10, and a first electrode 1 disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 near the liquid crystal layer 30. The second substrate includes a second dielectric substrate 20, and a second electrode 2 disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate 20 near the liquid crystal layer 30. The first electrode 1 includes a first main body structure 101, and a plurality of first branch structures 102 connected to at least one side of the extending direction of the first main body structure 101. The second electrode 2 includes a second main body structure 201, and a plurality of second branch structures 202 connected to at least one side of the extending direction of the second main body structure 201.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the extending directions of the first main structure 101 and the second main structure 201 are the same, and the extending directions are the first direction X, the extending directions of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 are the same, and the extending directions of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 are perpendicular to the first direction X, and the extending directions of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 are referred to as the second direction Y. It should be understood that the first body structure 101 and the second body structure 201 may be disposed in a non-parallel manner and extend in different directions.

In the disclosed embodiment, the first branch structure 102 includes oppositely disposed first and second ends P11, P12, and the second branch structure 202 includes oppositely disposed third and fourth ends P21, P22. The first end portion P11 of the first branch structure 102 is connected to the first main body structure 101, and the third end portion P21 of the second branch structure 202 is connected to the second main body portion P23. The orthographic projections of the second end portion P12 of the first branch structure 102 and the fourth end portion P22 of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap and define Q1, and one of the orthographic projections of the second end portion P12 and the second end portion P12 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is larger than the area of Q1, and the other is equal to the area of Q1. That is, there is overlap of the second end portion P12 and the fourth end portion P22 with respect to the orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10, the orthographic projection areas of the two on the first dielectric substrate 10 are not equal, and the orthographic projection of one on the first dielectric substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the other on the first dielectric substrate 10. In this case, since Q1 is defined by the area defined by the overlapping of the second end portion P12 and the fourth end portion P22 on the first dielectric substrate 10, the lengths of the second end portion P12 and the fourth end portion P22, which are orthographically overlapped, on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal in the second direction Y, and the areas of the second end portion P12 and the fourth end portion P22, which are orthographically overlapped, on the first dielectric substrate 10 are different, the minimum lengths of the two are different in the first direction X, so that even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X between the first substrate and the second substrate, the overlapping area of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is not affected, and thus the influence on the electrical performance of the phase shifter can be effectively reduced.

The phase shifter in the embodiments of the present disclosure is described below with reference to specific examples.

First example: as shown in fig. 3-5, the first electrode 1 of the phase shifter comprises only one first main structure 101, and a row of first branch structures 102 arranged side by side along the first direction X and connected to the first main structure; the second electrode 2 includes only one second main body portion P23, and a row of second branch structures 202 provided side by side in the first direction X and connected to the second main body structure 201. The second end P12 of one first branch structure 102 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the fourth end P22 of one second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. For example: the first branch structures 102 and the second branch structures 202 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence. There is an overlap of the second end portion P12 and the fourth end portion P22 for orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10, and the orthographic projection areas of both on the first dielectric substrate 10 are different, and the orthographic projection of one on the first dielectric substrate 10 is located within the orthographic projection of the other on the first dielectric substrate 10. In fig. 5, the area of the orthographic projection of the second end portion P12 of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is larger than the area of the orthographic projection of the fourth end portion P22 of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. It is understood that the two size relationships may be interchanged. It can be seen that, in this case, the length of the second end portion P12 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the fourth end portion P22 in the first direction X, so that even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when the first substrate and the second substrate are aligned, the overlapping area of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is not affected, so that the influence on the electrical performance of the phase shifter can be effectively reduced.

With continued reference to fig. 3, the shape of the outline of the orthographic projection of each first branch structure 102 and each second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is the same. In fig. 3, the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is taken as an example of a rectangle. However, it is understood that the shape of the orthographic projections of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is not limited to rectangle, but may be trapezoid or the like.

Further, the orthographic projection areas of the first branch structures 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 may be equal, that is, the sizes of the first branch structures 102 are equal. Meanwhile, the orthographic projection areas of the second branch structures 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 may be equal, that is, the dimensions of the second branch structures 202 are equal. Since the shapes and the sizes of the first branch structures 102 are the same, and the shapes and the sizes of the second branch structures 202 are the same, the preparation of the phase shifter is facilitated, and the process cost can be effectively reduced.

Further, in the first direction X, the intervals between any two adjacent first branch structures 102 are equal. The spacing between any adjacently disposed second branch structures 202 is equal. Note that, the distance between the first branch structures 102 disposed adjacently is the distance between the first branch structures and the second branch structures 202 disposed adjacently is the distance between the first branch structures and the second branch structures in the first direction X.

A second example: fig. 6 is a top view of a phase shifter of a second example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the C-C' of the phase shifter of FIG. 6; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the phase shifter is substantially similar to the phase shifter in the first example, except that the outline of each first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is the same, but the areas of orthographic projections of at least two first branch structures 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are different. At the same time, the profiles of the second branch structures 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are the same, and the orthographic projection areas of at least two second branch structures 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are different. The first electrode 1 in fig. 6 comprises two sizes of first branch structures 102, denoted as first branch structure (a) 102a and first branch structure (b) 102b, respectively; similarly, the second branch structure 202 includes two kinds of second branch structures 202, which are respectively denoted as a second branch structure (a) 202a and a second branch structure (b) 202b. The orthographic projection of the second end P12 of the first branch structure (a) 102a and the fourth end P22 of the second branch structure (a) 202a on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of the second end P12 of the first branch structure (a) 102a on the first dielectric substrate 10 is larger than the area of Q1; the orthographic projection of the second end P12 of the first branch structure (b) 102b and the fourth end P22 of the second branch structure (b) 202b on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of the second end P12 of the second branch structure (b) 202b on the first dielectric substrate 10 is larger than the area of Q1. That is, the first branch structures (a) 102a are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second branch structures (a) 202 a; the first branch structures (b) 102b are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the second branch structures (b) 202b. In this case, the phase shifter may have better electrical properties.

With continued reference to fig. 6 and 7, in one example, the length of the first branch structure (a) 102a in the first direction X is equal to the length of the second branch structure (b) 202b in the first direction X, while the length of the first branch structure (b) 102b in the first direction X is equal to the length of the second branch structure (a) 202a in the first direction X. Further, the interval between the first branch structures (a) 102a and the first branch structures (b) 102b disposed adjacently is equal to the interval between the second branch structures (a) 202a and the second branch structures (b) 202b disposed adjacently. In this case, the alignment accuracy of the first substrate and the second substrate is further improved.

Third example: FIG. 8 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a third example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of D-D' of the phase shifter of fig. 8. As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the phase shifter is substantially similar to the phase shifter in the first example except that the first branch structure 102 includes not only the first end portion P11 and the second end portion P12 which are disposed opposite to each other, but also a first main body portion P13 connecting the first end portion P11 and the second end portion P12, the first branch structure 102 has a first opening 103, the first opening 103 extends from the first main body portion P13 to the second end portion P12, and the length of the first opening 103 in the first direction X is larger than the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X. For example: the first opening 103 is a rectangular opening. The shape and the size of the orthographic projection of each first opening 103 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each first opening 103 on the first branch structure 102 are the same. For example: when the first branch structures 102 and the first openings 103 are each rectangular, the centers of the first openings 103 on the respective first branch structures 102 are on a straight line and extend in the first direction X. In this case, since the first openings 103 are provided in each of the first branch structures 102, not only the overlapping area of the first branch structures 102 and the second branch structures 202 is not affected even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when the first substrate and the second substrate are combined, but also the overlapping area of the first branch structures 102 and the second branch structures 202 is not affected even if there is an alignment tolerance in the second direction Y when the first substrate and the second substrate are combined, as in the phase shifter shown in fig. 3.

It should be noted that, the first opening 103 is formed in the first branch structure 102 because the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X. Fig. 10 is a top view of another phase shifter of a third example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 10, if the second branch structure 202 has a length in the first direction X greater than that of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X, the second branch structure 202 may include not only the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22, which are disposed opposite to each other, but also a second body portion P23 connecting the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22, the second branch structure 202 has a second opening 203, the second opening 203 extends from the second body portion P23 to the fourth end portion P22, and the length of the second opening 203 in the first direction X is greater than that of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X. For example: the second opening 203 is a rectangular opening. The shape and the size of the orthographic projection of each second opening 203 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each second opening 203 on the second branch structure 202 are the same. For example: when the second branch structures 202 and the second openings 203 are each rectangular, the centers of the second openings 203 on the respective second branch structures 202 are on a straight line and extend in the first direction X. In this case, since the second openings 203 are provided in the respective second branch structures 202, not only the overlapping area of the first branch structures 102 and the second branch structures 202 is not affected even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when the first substrate and the second substrate are combined, but also the overlapping area of the first branch structures 102 and the second branch structures 202 is not affected even if there is an alignment tolerance in the second direction Y when the first substrate and the second substrate are combined, as in the phase shifter shown in fig. 3.

Fourth example: FIG. 11 is a top view of a phase shifter of a fourth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of E-E' of the phase shifter of FIG. 11; as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the second example, except that the first branching structure 102 includes not only a first end portion P11 and a second end portion P12 that are disposed opposite to each other, but also a first main body portion P13 connected between the first end portion P11 and the second end portion P12; the second branch structure 202 includes not only the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22 disposed opposite to each other, but also a second main body portion P23 connected between the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22. The first branch structure (a) 102a is provided with a first opening 103, the first opening 103 extends from the first main body portion P13 to the second end portion P12, the second branch structure (b) 202b is provided with a second opening 203, the second opening 203 extends from the second main body portion P23 to the fourth end portion P22, and the length of the first opening 103 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure (a) 202a in the first direction X. The shape and the size of the orthographic projection of each first opening 103 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each first opening 103 on the first branch structure (a) 102a are the same. For example: when the first branch structures 102 and the first openings 103 are rectangular, the centers of the first openings 103 on the respective first branch structures 102 are on a straight line and extend in the first direction X, and the length of the second openings 203 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structures (b) 102b in the first direction X. For example: the second opening 203 is a rectangular opening. The shape and the size of the orthographic projection of each second opening 203 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each second opening 203 on the second branch structure 202 are the same. For example: when the second branch structures 202 and the second openings 203 are each rectangular, the centers of the second openings 203 on the respective second branch structures 202 are on a straight line and extend in the first direction X. In this case, since the second openings 203 are provided in the respective second branch structures 202, not only the overlapping area of the first branch structures 102 and the second branch structures 202 is not affected even if there is an alignment tolerance in the first direction X when the first substrate and the second substrate are combined, but also the overlapping area of the first branch structures 102 and the second branch structures 202 is not affected even if there is an alignment tolerance in the second direction Y when the first substrate and the second substrate are combined, as in the phase shifter shown in fig. 3.

Fifth example: fig. 13 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a fifth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 14 is a partial schematic view of the phase shifter of fig. 13. As shown in fig. 13 and 14, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the first example, except that the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The first branching structure 102 not only includes a first end portion P11 and a second end portion P12 disposed opposite to each other, but also includes a first body portion P13 connected between the first end portion P11 and the second end portion P12, the first body portion P13 including a first connection end P131 and a second connection end P132 disposed opposite to each other, and a first line segment P133 connecting the first connection end P131 and the second connection end P132, the first connection end P131 being connected to the first end portion P11, and the second connection end P132 being connected to the second end portion P12. For a length of one second end P12 in the first direction X, monotonically increasing in a direction away from the first end P11, and for a length of one second connection end P132 in the first direction X, monotonically decreasing in a direction away from the first end P11, for example: the second end P12 and the second connection end P132 in one of the first branch structures 102 form an hourglass shape. In this case, since the width of the second end portion P12 of the first branch structure 102 and the second connection end P132 is narrow (the length in the first direction X) near the connection position of both, even if there is a tolerance of alignment in the second direction Y when the first substrate and the second substrate are to be aligned, the influence on the overlapping area of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is relatively small, and thus the influence on the electrical performance of the phase shifter can be greatly reduced.

Further, fig. 15 is a top view of another phase shifter of a fifth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 15, the phase shifter is different from the phase shifter 13 only in that the second branch structures 202 adjacently disposed are connected by the first filling structure 204 so that the second electrode 2 is formed in a planar structure, so that even if there is a tolerance of alignment in the first direction X when the first substrate and the second substrate are aligned, the overlapping area of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is not affected.

Sixth example: fig. 16 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a sixth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 17 is a partial schematic diagram of the phase shifter of fig. 16. As shown in fig. 16 and 17, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the first example, except that the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The second branching structure 202 includes not only the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22 disposed opposite to each other, but also a second main body portion P23 connected between the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22, the second main body portion P23 including third and fourth connection ends P231 and P232 disposed opposite to each other, and a second line segment P233 connecting the third and fourth connection ends P231 and P232, the third connection end P231 being connected to the third end portion P21, and the fourth connection end P232 being connected to the fourth end portion P22. For a length of one fourth end P22 in the first direction X, monotonically increasing in a direction away from the third end P21, and for a length of one fourth connection end P232 in the first direction X, monotonically decreasing in a direction away from the third end P21, for example: the fourth end P22 and the fourth connecting end P232 of one of the second branch structures 202 form an hourglass shape. In this case, since the fourth end portion P22 and the fourth connection end P232 of the second branch structure 202 are each narrow in width (length in the first direction X) near the connection position of both, even if there is a tolerance of alignment in the second direction Y when the first substrate and the second substrate are to be aligned, the influence on the overlapping area of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is relatively small, and thus the influence on the electrical performance of the phase shifter can be greatly reduced.

Further, fig. 18 is a top view of another phase shifter of a sixth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 18, the phase shifter is different from the 16 phase shifter only in that the adjacent first branch structures 102 are connected by the first filling structure 104 so that the first electrode 1 is formed in a planar structure, so that even if there is a tolerance of alignment in the first direction X when the first substrate and the second substrate are aligned, the overlapping area of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 is not affected.

Seventh example: fig. 19 is a top view of a seventh example phase shifter of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 19, the phase shifter is substantially similar to the phase shifter in the first example (as shown in fig. 3) except that the first electrode 1 includes a first sub-reference electrode 11 and a second sub-reference electrode 12, and the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second sub-reference electrode 12 each include a first main body structure 101 and a plurality of first branch structures 102. Meanwhile, the second main body structure 201 of the second electrode 2 is connected with a plurality of second branch structures 202 at both sides in the first direction X. For example: the second main body structure 201 includes a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other in the second direction Y, and one second branch structure 202 connected to the first side of the second main body structure 201 overlaps with an orthographic projection of one first branch structure 102 of the first sub-reference electrode 11 on the first dielectric substrate 10; a second branch structure 202 connected to the second side of the second body structure 201 overlaps with the orthographic projection of a first branch structure 102 of the second sub-reference electrode 12 onto the first dielectric substrate 10. That is, the second branch structures 202 connected to the first side of the second main body structure 201 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the first branch structures 102 of the first sub-reference electrode 11; the second branch structures 202 connected on the second side of the second body structure 201 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first branch structures 102 of the second sub-reference electrode 12.

In some examples, the first body structure 101 of the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second body structure 101 of the second sub-reference electrode 12 both extend in the first direction X. That is, the first main body structure 101 of the first sub-reference electrode 11 and the second main body structure 101 of the second sub-reference electrode 12 are both identical in the extending direction of the second main body structure 201, so that miniaturization of the phase shifter is facilitated.

The structure and the corresponding relationship of any of the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 may be the same as those in the first example, so that the description thereof will not be repeated here.

Eighth example: fig. 20 is a top view of a phase shifter of an eighth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 20, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the seventh example, except that the first main body structure 101, the first branch structure 102, the second main body structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the first electrode 1, and the second electrode 2 are identical in correspondence with the phase shifter in the second example (as shown in fig. 6). That is, the first branch structures 102 connected to the first and second sides of the first body structure 101 may each include a first branch structure (a) 102a and a first branch structure (b) 102b, and the second branch structures 202 of the first and second sub-reference electrodes 11 and 12 may each include a second branch structure (a) 202a and a second branch structure (b) 202b. The orthographic projection of the second end P12 of the first branch structure (a) 102a and the fourth end P22 of the second branch structure (a) 202a on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of the second end P12 of the first branch structure (a) 102a on the first dielectric substrate 10 is larger than the area of Q1; the orthographic projection of the second end P12 of the first branch structure (b) 102b and the fourth end P22 of the second branch structure (b) 202b on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlap, and the orthographic projection area of the second end P12 of the second branch structure (b) 202b on the first dielectric substrate 10 is larger than the area of Q1. That is, the first branch structures (a) 102a are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second branch structures (a) 202 a; the first branch structures (b) 102b are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the second branch structures (b) 202b.

In some examples, the first branch structures 102 located on both sides of the extending direction of the first main structure 101 are disposed in a one-to-one correspondence, for example: the first branch structures (a) 102a connected to the first side of the first main body structure 101 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first branch structures (a) 102a connected to the second side of the first main body structure 101, and the first branch structures (b) 102b connected to the first side of the first main body structure 101 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first branch structures (b) 102b connected to the second side of the first main body structure 101.

Ninth example: fig. 21 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a ninth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 22 is a top view of another phase shifter of a ninth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 21 and 22, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the seventh example, except that the first main structure 101, the first branch structure 102, the second main structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the first electrode 1, and the second electrode 2 are identical in correspondence with the phase shifter in the third example (as shown in fig. 8 and 9). That is, when the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X, the first opening 103 is provided on each first branch structure 102. Alternatively, when the length of the second branch structure 202 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structure 102 in the first direction X, the second opening 203 is disposed on each second branch structure 202. The correspondence between the first branch structure 102 and the second branch structure 202 corresponding thereto is the same as that of the third example, so that the detailed description is not repeated here.

Tenth example: fig. 23 is a top view of a phase shifter of a tenth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 23, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the seventh example, except that the first main body structure 101, the first branch structure 102, the second main body structure 201, and the second branch structure 202 in the first electrode 1, and the second electrode 2 are identical in correspondence relationship to the phase shifter in the fourth example (as shown in fig. 11). That is, the first opening 103 is provided on the first branch structure (a) 102a, the first opening 103 extends from the first main body portion P13 to the second end portion P12, the second opening 203 is provided on the second branch structure (b) 202b, the second opening 203 extends from the second main body portion P23 to the fourth end portion P22, and the length of the first opening 103 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the second branch structure (a) 202a in the first direction X. The shape and the size of the orthographic projection of each first opening 103 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each first opening 103 on the first branch structure (a) 102a are the same. For example: when the first branch structures 102 and the first openings 103 are rectangular, the centers of the first openings 103 on the respective first branch structures 102 are on a straight line and extend in the first direction X, and the length of the second openings 203 in the first direction X is greater than the length of the first branch structures (b) 102b in the first direction X. For example: the second opening 203 is a rectangular opening. The shape and the size of the orthographic projection of each second opening 203 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are equal, and the positions of each second opening 203 on the second branch structure 202 are the same. For example: when the second branch structures 202 and the second openings 203 are each rectangular, the centers of the second openings 203 on the respective second branch structures 202 are on a straight line and extend in the first direction X.

Eleventh example: fig. 24 is a top view of a phase shifter according to an eleventh example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 25 is a top view of another phase shifter of an eleventh example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 24 and 25, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the seventh example, except that the first main structure 101, the first branch structure 102, the second main structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the first electrode 1, and the second electrode 2 are identical in correspondence relationship to the phase shifter in the fifth example (as in fig. 13 and 15). That is, the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The first branching structure 102 includes not only a first end portion P11 and a second end portion P12 disposed opposite to each other, but also a first body portion P13 connected between the first end portion P11 and the second end portion P12, the first body portion P13 including a first connection end P131 and a second connection end P132 disposed opposite to each other, the first connection end P131 being connected to the first end portion P11, and the second connection end P132 being connected to the second end portion P12. For a length of one second end P12 in the first direction X, monotonically increasing in a direction away from the first end P11, and for a length of one second connection end P132 in the first direction X, monotonically decreasing in a direction away from the first end P11, for example: the second end P12 and the second connection end P132 in one of the first branch structures 102 form an hourglass shape.

Twelfth example: fig. 26 is a top view of a phase shifter according to a twelfth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 27 is a top view of another phase shifter of a twelfth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 26 and 27, the phase shifter is substantially similar in structure to the phase shifter in the seventh example, except that the first main structure 101, the first branch structure 102, the second main structure 201 and the second branch structure 202 in the first electrode 1, and the second electrode 2 are identical in correspondence relationship to the phase shifter in the sixth example (e.g., fig. 16 and 18). That is, the outline of the orthographic projection of the first branch structure 102 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is different from the outline of the orthographic projection of the second branch structure 202 on the first dielectric substrate 10. The second branching structure 202 includes not only the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22 disposed opposite to each other, but also a second main body portion P23 connected between the third end portion P21 and the fourth end portion P22, the second main body portion P23 including a third connecting end P231 and a fourth connecting end P232 disposed opposite to each other, the third connecting end P231 being connected to the third end portion P21, and the fourth connecting end P232 being connected to the fourth end portion P22. For a length of one fourth end P22 in the first direction X, monotonically increasing in a direction away from the third end P21, and for a length of one fourth connection end P232 in the first direction X, monotonically decreasing in a direction away from the third end P21, for example: the fourth end P22 and the fourth connecting end P232 of one of the second branch structures 202 form an hourglass shape.

It should be noted that, for the several exemplary phase shifters given above, any dimensional variations, or shape selection variations, on the structure of the phase shifters described above are only some of the realizations of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and are within the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some examples, embodiments of the present disclosure may further include a driving network configured to provide the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 with an electrical signal, which may be disposed on the first dielectric substrate 10 or on the second dielectric substrate 20, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In some examples, regardless of whether the phase shifter in the embodiments of the present disclosure employs any of the structures described above, the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 may each be glass-based. Of course, a sapphire substrate may be used, a polyethylene terephthalate substrate, a triallyl cyanurate substrate, and a polyimide transparent flexible substrate having a thickness of 10 to 500 μm may be used, and a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) may be used. Specifically, the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 may be made of high purity quartz glass having extremely low dielectric loss. Compared with a common glass substrate, the quartz glass adopted by the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 20 can effectively reduce the loss of microwaves, so that the phase shifter has low power consumption and high signal to noise ratio.

In some examples, for the phase shifter in any of the above examples, the materials of the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 may be made of metals such as aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, or iron.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides an antenna and electronic equipment comprising the antenna. Wherein the antenna may comprise any of the phase shifters described above. Of course, the antenna may also include a radiation portion, a feed structure, and the like.

The electronic device in the embodiment of the disclosure further comprises a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device may be used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end, where the baseband provides signals of at least one frequency band, for example, provides 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, and the like, and transmits the signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signals, the antenna in the antenna system may be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the receiving end in the first transmitting unit, where the receiving end may be, for example, an intelligent gateway.

Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and is used for modulating the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or demodulating the signal received by the antenna and then transmitting the signal to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulating circuit, and a demodulating circuit, where after the transmitting circuit receives the multiple types of signals provided by the substrate, the modulating circuit may modulate the multiple types of signals provided by the baseband, and then send the modulated signals to the antenna. And the antenna receives signals and transmits the signals to a receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver, the receiving circuit transmits the signals to a demodulation circuit, and the demodulation circuit demodulates the signals and transmits the demodulated signals to a receiving end.

Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected with the filtering unit, and the filtering unit is connected with at least one antenna. In the process of transmitting signals by the antenna system, the signal amplifier is used for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of signals output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitting the signals to the filtering unit; the power amplifier is used for amplifying the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and transmitting the power to the filtering unit; the filtering unit can specifically comprise a duplexer and a filtering circuit, the filtering unit combines signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, clutter is filtered, the signals are transmitted to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the signals. In the process of receiving signals by the antenna system, the signals are received by the antenna and then transmitted to the filtering unit, clutter is filtered by the signals received by the antenna and then transmitted to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier by the filtering unit, and the signals received by the antenna are gained by the signal amplifier, so that the signal to noise ratio of the signals is increased; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna. The signals received by the antenna are processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, and the radio frequency transceiver is transmitted to the receiving and transmitting unit.

In some examples, the signal amplifier may include multiple types of signal amplifiers, such as low noise amplifiers, without limitation.

In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, where the power management unit is connected to the power amplifier and provides a voltage for amplifying the signal to the power amplifier.

It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the present invention, but not in limitation thereof. Various modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A phase shifter comprising a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite each other, and an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,

2. The phase shifter of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a first sub-reference electrode and a second sub-reference electrode, and the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode each comprise the first body structure and the first branch structure; the second branch structures are connected to two sides of the second main body structure in the extending direction; the orthographic projection of the second main body structure on the first medium substrate is positioned between orthographic projections of the first sub-reference electrode and the second sub-reference electrode on the first medium substrate.

3. The phase shifter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the orthographic projection of each of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate is equal in area and identical in contour; the minimum length of the second end part of any first branch structure in the extending direction of the first main body structure is larger than the maximum length of the fourth end part of any second branch structure in the extending direction of the first main body structure; or alternatively, the process may be performed,

4. The phase shifter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the orthographic projection of each of the first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate is equal in area and identical in contour; the area of orthographic projection of each second branch structure on the first medium substrate is equal, and the outline is the same.

5. The phase shifter of claim 4, wherein the first branching structure further comprises a first body portion connected between the first end portion and the second end portion; the second branch structure further comprises a second body portion connected between the third end portion and the fourth end portion;

6. The phase shifter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the front projection of each first branch structure on the first dielectric substrate has the same outline, and the front projections of at least two first branch structures on the first dielectric substrate have different areas; the outline of the orthographic projection of each second branch structure on the first medium substrate is the same, and the orthographic projection areas of at least two second branch structures on the first medium substrate are different.

7. The phase shifter of claim 6, wherein the first electrode comprises two first branch structures with different orthographic projection areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely a first branch structure (a) and a first branch structure (b); the second electrode comprises two second branch structures with different orthographic projection areas on the first dielectric substrate, namely a second branch structure (a) and a second branch structure (b);

8. The phase shifter of claim 7, wherein an orthographic projection area of the first branch structure (a) on the first dielectric substrate is larger than an orthographic projection area of the first branch structure (b) on the first dielectric substrate; the orthographic projection area of the second branch structure (a) on the first medium substrate is smaller than that of the second branch structure (b) on the first medium substrate.

9. The phase shifter of claim 7, wherein the first branch structure further comprises a first body portion connected between the first end portion and the second end portion; the second branch structure further comprises a second body portion connected between the third end portion and the fourth end portion;

10. The phase shifter according to claim 7, wherein the second branch structures (a) and the second branch structures (b) located on the same side of the extending direction of the second main body structure are alternately arranged.

11. The phase shifter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the outline of the orthographic projection of each of the first branch structures and each of the second branch structures on the first dielectric substrate is the same.

12. The phase shifter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second branch structures differ in outline of orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate; the first branch structure includes a first body portion connected between a first end portion and a second end portion; the first main body part comprises a first connecting end and a second connecting end which are oppositely arranged;

13. The phase shifter of claim 12, wherein the second electrode further comprises a first fill structure connected between the adjacently disposed second branch structures.

14. The phase shifter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second branch structures differ in outline of orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate; the second branch structure further comprises a second main body part connected between the third end part and the fourth end part, and the second main body part comprises a third connecting end and a fourth connecting end which are oppositely arranged;

15. The phase shifter of claim 14, wherein the first electrode further comprises a second fill structure connected between the adjacently disposed first branch structures.

16. An antenna comprising the phase shifter of any one of claims 1-15.

17. An electronic device comprising the antenna of claim 16.