CN116704088A - Three-dimensional model rendering method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a three-dimensional model rendering method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium, wherein the three-dimensional model rendering method includes: and acquiring the data of the three-dimensional model to be rendered. And analyzing the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain the primitive data of the three-dimensional model to be rendered. And issuing each primitive to different rendering pipelines of the graphic processor, respectively drawing each primitive by the different rendering pipelines based on the rendering command, and finally obtaining a three-dimensional model drawing result through rasterization and pixel processing. Compared with the traditional rendering method, namely, LOD (level of detail) is performed on an original three-dimensional model, scene elimination is performed on the basis of a CPU, and then rendering is performed.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of computer graphics processing, and in particular relates to a three-dimensional model rendering method, a device, equipment and a storage medium.
Background
Graphics rendering is the process of converting a three-dimensional light energy transfer process into a two-dimensional graphic. The scene and the entity are represented in three-dimensional form, and are closer to the real world, so that the scene and the entity are convenient to manipulate and transform. The existing rendering scheme generally generates model triangle network data by the original three-dimensional model data through parameterization configuration; performing LOD (level of Detail) on the model triangle network data to generate layered block model data with different Levels and different accuracies; and in the rendering engine, dynamically loading and unloading LOD (on-demand) model data according to the current camera view angle, and rendering and drawing.
However, in this method, when rendering data, calculation is excessively performed on the CPU (central processing unit) side, and when rendering a model with a large data amount, CPU calculation becomes a bottleneck, and the frame rate is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present disclosure proposes a three-dimensional model rendering method and apparatus, device, and storage medium, which are suitable for rendering a model with a large data volume.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a three-dimensional model rendering method including:
acquiring three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
analyzing the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain graphic elements in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
performing scene rejection based on GPU operation;
issuing each graphic element to different rendering pipelines of a graphic processor, and respectively drawing each graphic element by the different rendering pipelines based on rendering commands;
and finally obtaining a three-dimensional model drawing result by rasterizing and pixel processing of each drawn primitive.
In one possible implementation manner, when the three-dimensional model data to be rendered is parsed to obtain the primitives in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered, the method includes the step of dividing the primitives into simple primitives and complex primitives according to the complexity degree of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered.
In one possible implementation manner, the dividing into the simple primitive and the complex primitive according to the complexity degree of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered includes:
analyzing the original three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain geometric model data of each primitive and structure combination data among the primitives;
dividing each primitive into the simple primitive and the complex primitive based on the geometric model data.
In one possible implementation, the simple primitives include primitives suitable for instantiation rendering and primitives suitable for tessellation rendering.
In one possible implementation, the complex primitive is split into multiple primitive packets;
and respectively carrying out instantiation drawing on the plurality of primitive groups based on the rendering command.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a three-dimensional model rendering apparatus including: the system comprises an input module, an analysis module, a scene rejection module, a rendering module and an output module;
the input module is configured to acquire three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
the analysis module is configured to analyze the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain primitives in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
the scene rejection module is configured to perform scene rejection based on GPU operation;
the rendering module is configured to issue each primitive to different rendering pipelines of the graphics processor, and respectively draw each primitive by the different rendering pipelines based on rendering commands;
and the output module is configured to obtain a three-dimensional model drawing result finally through rasterization and pixel processing of each drawn primitive.
In one possible implementation, the method further comprises a dividing module;
the dividing module is configured to divide the primitives into simple primitives and complex primitives according to the complexity degree of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered.
In one possible implementation, the device further comprises a splitting module;
the splitting module is configured to split the complex primitive into a plurality of primitive packets.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a three-dimensional model rendering apparatus including:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to implement the method of any one of the above when executing the executable instructions.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any one of the above.
The method and the device are suitable for rendering the three-dimensional model, the more complex three-dimensional model data to be rendered are divided into the primitives, a CPU (central processing unit) can respectively draw the primitives through a GPU (graphic processor) rendering pipeline according to rendering commands, and the drawn primitives obtain a three-dimensional model drawing result through rasterization and pixel processing. Compared with the traditional rendering method, namely, LOD (level of detail) is performed on an original three-dimensional model, scene elimination is performed on the basis of a CPU, and then rendering is performed.
Other features and aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a three-dimensional model rendering method of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart of a three-dimensional model rendering method of another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 illustrates a main block diagram of a three-dimensional model rendering apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 illustrates a main block diagram of a three-dimensional model rendering apparatus of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description in order to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, methods, means, elements, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order not to obscure the present disclosure.
For the convenience of understanding the technical scheme of the present application, the terms in the present application will be explained correspondingly.
Fig. 1 shows a diagram. As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional model rendering method includes: step S100: and acquiring the data of the three-dimensional model to be rendered. Step S200: and analyzing the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain the primitives in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered. Step S300: and performing scene rejection based on the operation of the GPU. Step S400: and issuing each graphic element to different rendering pipelines of the graphic processor, and respectively drawing each graphic element by the different rendering pipelines based on the rendering command. Step S500: and finally, the three-dimensional model drawing result is obtained by rasterizing and pixel processing of each drawn primitive.
The method and the device are suitable for rendering the three-dimensional model, the more complex three-dimensional model data to be rendered are divided into the primitives, a CPU (central processing unit) can respectively draw the primitives through a GPU (graphic processor) rendering pipeline according to rendering commands, and the drawn primitives obtain a three-dimensional model drawing result through rasterization and pixel processing. Compared with the traditional rendering method, namely, LOD (level of detail) is performed on an original three-dimensional model, scene elimination is performed on the basis of a CPU, and then rendering is performed.
Further, the present disclosure is applicable to rendering of plant three-dimensional design model data, which is characterized in that: 1. the model is composed of a plurality of primitives; 2. the primitive adopts parameterized description; 3. combining a plurality of primitives into a member; 4. a plurality of members are combined into a model. Therefore, the method and the device reorganize the factory three-dimensional design model with larger data volume, namely the original three-dimensional model data to be rendered, into the data needed by the GPU rendering pipeline, move the original calculation on the CPU side to the GPU side as much as possible, improve the rendering efficiency based on the GPU rendering pipeline, and fully utilize the calculation force of the modern display card.
In one possible implementation manner, when the three-dimensional model data to be rendered is parsed to obtain the primitives in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered, the method includes the step of dividing the primitives into simple primitives and complex primitives according to the complexity degree of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered. The simple primitives are primitives which can calculate triangle network data with a small calculation amount through an algorithm. The complex graphic elements mainly take graphic elements defined by a BREP modeling method as main graphic elements, and a larger calculation amount is needed when triangle network data of the complex graphic elements are calculated through an algorithm.
Further, the factory three-dimensional design model is composed of a plurality of primitives, the factory three-dimensional design model data are analyzed, the geometric model data of each primitive and the structure combination data among the primitives are analyzed, wherein the geometric model data of the primitives are used for representing the geometric shapes of the corresponding primitives, and the structure combination data are used for representing the relative position relations among the associated primitives.
The method comprises the steps of reading an original file form, and carrying out primary analysis on factory three-dimensional design model data in a binary storage format to obtain primitive geometric model data, node attribute data and factory decomposition structure data of the factory three-dimensional design model.
Further, based on the acquired geometric model data of each primitive, each primitive is divided into a simple primitive and a complex primitive according to a predefined primitive type. Wherein the simple primitives include primitives suitable for instantiation drawing and primitives suitable for tessellation drawing, the primitives suitable for instantiation drawing being: bend (bond), elbow (Elbow), segment (sphere), cone (Cone); the primitives suitable for tessellation drawing are: box, cylinder, ball, disk. Complex primitive types: BREP primitives, pyramids (pyremid).
By using any one of the methods, custom model data is constructed according to the Mesh data (triangle Mesh data) of the simple primitives, the Mesh data of the complex primitives and the structure combination data obtained from the three-dimensional model data to be rendered, and the constructed custom model data is stored. The structure combination data is used for representing the position relation between each simple graphic element and each complex graphic element in the factory three-dimensional design model data, the simple graphic elements and the complex graphic elements both comprise graphic element IDs used for identification, and the structure combination data is matched with the corresponding simple graphic elements or complex graphic elements through the graphic element IDs to form the three-dimensional model to be rendered.
For example, as shown in table 1, the custom model data has a three-layer structure, and the table t_node_tree is the structure combination data of the TREE structure, and the main fields of the structure combination data are ID, name, hierarchy, GUID and attribute information; the table t_node_prim, i.e. the primitive information associated with the structure combination data, whose fields are each primitive ID, primitive type, material ID, bounding box, primitive parameter, NODE ID, mesh ID, etc.; (simple primitive Mesh ID is 0, complex primitive Mesh ID is not 0, associated to Table T_MESH); table t_mesh, the MESH data associated with the MESH ID in table t_node_prim.
TABLE 1
The primitive ID is used for matching each primitive, each primitive ID is associated with a primitive type, a material ID, a bounding box, a primitive parameter, a Node ID and a Mesh ID, the primitive type is used for distinguishing that the primitive corresponding to the primitive ID is a simple primitive or a complex primitive, the primitive parameter is geometric model data of the primitive, the bounding box is bounding box data, the bounding box data is constructed by primitive parameters, the Node ID is a Node number, the Mesh ID is used for matching Mesh data corresponding to the primitive in a table t_mesh, and the Mesh data consists of vertex (vertex) data and index (index) data. (the index data describes the topology of the triangle network formed by the vertex data)
After the custom model data is constructed by using any one of the methods, a rendering and drawing stage is performed, namely the custom model data is loaded and initialized to obtain a rendering command, and the simple primitives and the complex primitives in the custom model data are respectively drawn according to the rendering command.
In one possible implementation manner, after loading and initializing the custom model data, processing the simple primitives and the complex primitives in the custom model data respectively, and drawing the processed simple primitives and complex primitives according to the rendering command respectively.
Based on the rendering commands, instantiated drawing data for primitives suitable for instantiated drawing in the generally simple primitives is calculated. For complex primitives, acquiring Mesh data of the complex primitives in the custom model data, splitting the Mesh data of each complex primitive into a plurality of primitive groups with preset sizes, and calculating instantiation drawing data of each primitive group based on a rendering command.
In other words, during the rendering and drawing stage, the factory three-dimensional design model bounding box intersects with the current camera cone, triggers model data loading, i.e. loads custom model data, reads all the custom model data into the memory data structure, and before a rendering command is acquired, each primitive needs to be processed respectively. Processing a part of the simple primitive, which needs to be instantiated and drawn, obtaining corresponding Mesh, calculating instantiation drawing data and an instantiation transformation matrix, and converting the data into a corresponding buffer of a graphic API (interface between a display card and an application program); processing a part of the basic graphic primitive, which needs to be subjected to subdivision drawing, and converting the parameters of the graphic primitive into buffers corresponding to the graphic API; processing complex primitives, splitting complex primitive Mesh data, splitting a plurality of groups with a fixed size, namely a plurality of primitive groups, and respectively converting the plurality of primitive groups into buffers corresponding to graphic APIs (application program interfaces); and acquiring bounding box data of all the primitives, and converting the bounding box data into buffers corresponding to the graphic API. After the processing is carried out on all the primitives, on the basis of the acquired rendering command, on the GPU side, scene rejection calculation is carried out through a calculation shader, so that primitive IDs needing to be drawn are obtained; rendering is respectively carried out in each rendering pipeline of the GPU according to the primitive type associated with the primitive ID, and if the primitive type is a primitive suitable for instantiation drawing, the instantiation drawing API drawing is called based on the generated buffer; if the primitive is a primitive suitable for tessellation drawing, drawing is performed in a shader through tessellation based on the generated buffer; and if the primitive is a complex primitive, calling an instantiation drawing API to draw based on the generated primitive grouping buffer corresponding to the complex primitive.
And each drawn simple primitive and complex primitive form three-dimensional model data which is finally rendered based on the structure combination data.
Here, since the three-dimensional model data adapted by the present application is plant three-dimensional design model data, it is preferable that each primitive be divided into a simple primitive and a complex primitive according to primitive parameters. In the three-dimensional design model data of the factory, the primitive parameters of each primitive comprise descriptions of the primitive, the primitive descriptions are primitives of a Bend (bond), an Elbow (Elbow), a Sphere (spherical sector) and a Cone (Cone), the primitive descriptions are primitives of a Box (Box), a Cylinder (Cylinder), a Sphere (Sphere) and a disk (disk) which need to be instantiated and drawn, the primitive descriptions are primitives of a curved surface simple primitive which needs to be finely drawn, and the primitive descriptions are primitives of a BREP primitive and a Pyramid (Pyramid) which are complex primitives.
Still further, referring to fig. 3, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is also provided a three-dimensional model rendering apparatus 100 including: an input module 110, an parsing module 120, a scene rejection module 130, a rendering module 140, and an output module 150; an input module 110 configured to acquire three-dimensional model data to be rendered; the parsing module 120 is configured to parse the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain primitives in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered; the scene rejection module 130 is configured to perform scene rejection based on the operation of the GPU; the rendering module 140 issues each primitive to different rendering pipelines of the graphics processor, and each primitive is drawn by the different rendering pipelines based on the rendering command. And the output module 150 is configured to obtain a three-dimensional model drawing result finally through rasterization and pixel processing on each drawn primitive.
The three-dimensional model rendering apparatus 100 further includes a dividing module configured to divide into simple primitives and complex primitives according to the complexity of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered, and a splitting module. And the splitting module is configured to split the complex primitive into a plurality of primitive groups.
Still further, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is also provided a three-dimensional model rendering apparatus 200. Referring to fig. 4, a three-dimensional model rendering apparatus 200 of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 210 and a memory 220 for storing instructions executable by the processor 210. Wherein the processor 210 is configured to implement any of the three-dimensional model rendering methods described above when executing the executable instructions.
Here, it should be noted that the number of processors 210 may be one or more. Meanwhile, in the outer reference calibration apparatus 200 for graphics of the embodiment of the present disclosure, an input device 230 and an output device 240 may be further included. The processor 210, the memory 220, the input device 230, and the output device 240 may be connected by a bus, or may be connected by other means, which is not specifically limited herein.
The memory 220 is a computer-readable storage medium that can be used to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and various modules, such as: the three-dimensional model rendering method of the embodiment of the disclosure corresponds to a program or a module. The processor 210 performs various functional applications and data processing of the three-dimensional model rendering apparatus 200 by running software programs or modules stored in the memory 220.
The input device 230 may be used to receive an input digital or signal. Wherein the signal may be a key signal generated in connection with user settings of the device/terminal/server and function control. The output means 240 may comprise a display device such as a display screen.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is also provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by the processor 210, implement any of the three-dimensional model rendering methods described in the foregoing.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method of rendering a three-dimensional model, comprising:
acquiring three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
analyzing the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain graphic elements in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
performing scene rejection based on GPU operation;
issuing each graphic element to different rendering pipelines of a graphic processor, and respectively drawing each graphic element by the different rendering pipelines based on rendering commands;
and finally obtaining a three-dimensional model drawing result by rasterizing and pixel processing of each drawn primitive.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain primitives in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered includes the step of dividing the primitives into simple primitives and complex primitives according to the complexity of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein dividing into simple primitives and complex primitives according to the complexity of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered comprises:
analyzing the original three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain geometric model data of each primitive and structure combination data among the primitives;
dividing each primitive into the simple primitive and the complex primitive based on the geometric model data.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the simple primitives include primitives suitable for instantiation rendering and primitives suitable for tessellation rendering.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the complex primitive is split into a plurality of primitive packets;
and respectively carrying out instantiation drawing on the plurality of primitive groups based on the rendering command.
6. A three-dimensional model rendering apparatus, comprising: the system comprises an input module, an analysis module, a scene rejection module, a rendering module and an output module;
the input module is configured to acquire three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
the analysis module is configured to analyze the three-dimensional model data to be rendered to obtain primitives in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered;
the scene rejection module is configured to perform scene rejection based on GPU operation;
the rendering module is configured to issue each primitive to different rendering pipelines of the graphics processor, and respectively draw each primitive by the different rendering pipelines based on rendering commands;
and the output module is configured to obtain a three-dimensional model drawing result finally through rasterization and pixel processing of each drawn primitive.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a partitioning module;
the dividing module is configured to divide the primitives into simple primitives and complex primitives according to the complexity degree of each primitive in the three-dimensional model data to be rendered.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a splitting module;
the splitting module is configured to split the complex primitive into a plurality of primitive packets.
9. A three-dimensional model rendering apparatus, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing the executable instructions.
10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, implement the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116912395A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-10-20 | 武汉蜂鸟龙腾软件有限公司 | Graphics hybrid rendering method and device based on OpenGL and storage medium |
| CN117541744A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 埃洛克航空科技（北京）有限公司 | Rendering method and device for urban live-action three-dimensional image |
| CN117560578A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 北京睿呈时代信息科技有限公司 | Multi-channel video fusion method and system based on three-dimensional scene rendering and irrelevant to view points |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116912395A (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2023-10-20 | 武汉蜂鸟龙腾软件有限公司 | Graphics hybrid rendering method and device based on OpenGL and storage medium |
| CN116912395B (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2024-01-12 | 武汉蜂鸟龙腾软件有限公司 | Graphics hybrid rendering method and device based on OpenGL and storage medium |
| CN117541744A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 埃洛克航空科技（北京）有限公司 | Rendering method and device for urban live-action three-dimensional image |
| CN117541744B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-04-26 | 埃洛克航空科技（北京）有限公司 | Rendering method and device for urban live-action three-dimensional image |
| CN117560578A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 北京睿呈时代信息科技有限公司 | Multi-channel video fusion method and system based on three-dimensional scene rendering and irrelevant to view points |
| CN117560578B (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-04-16 | 北京睿呈时代信息科技有限公司 | Multi-channel video fusion method and system based on three-dimensional scene rendering and irrelevant to view points |
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