CN116699728B - GNSS observation-based solar flare monitoring method - Google Patents

GNSS observation-based solar flare monitoring method Download PDF

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CN116699728B
CN116699728B CN202310431304.2A CN202310431304A CN116699728B CN 116699728 B CN116699728 B CN 116699728B CN 202310431304 A CN202310431304 A CN 202310431304A CN 116699728 B CN116699728 B CN 116699728B
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solar
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CN116699728A (en
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熊波
李雨逍
王宇晴
于常灏
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North China Electric Power University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/10—Devices for predicting weather conditions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation, which comprises the following steps: extracting observation data of GNSS satellites, and calculating geographic longitude, latitude and elevation angles at the penetration points of the satellites above the station based on the observation data; calculating a solar zenith angle by using the geographic longitude and latitude of the station overhead satellite penetration point, and constructing a Chapman model based on the solar zenith angle; constructing a relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate according to ionosphere continuity and a Chapman theory; and acquiring a solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on the relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate. The method can rapidly and accurately monitor the solar flare event, reduce the monitoring cost of the solar flare event, and has important value for ionosphere scientific research and space weather monitoring.

Description

GNSS observation-based solar flare monitoring method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar flare monitoring, in particular to a solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation.
Background
The total electron content of the ionosphere (Total Electron Content, TEC) is one of the important parameters characterizing the morphology, structure, and characteristics of the ionosphere. Solar flare is the most intense solar event and is an important topic of current spatial weather research. The explosion of solar flare can cause extra ionization of atmospheric neutral components at each altitude of the earth to the solar ionosphere, so that the TEC of the ionosphere is enhanced, and satellite navigation and positioning are seriously affected, high-frequency radio wave communication is realized, and the like. Therefore, the GNSS-TEC observation monitoring solar flare event can provide a theoretical basis for quick response of the space weather event, and meanwhile, the solar radiation data of the satellite in the observation interruption period can be supplemented, so that a reference is provided for instrument correction of the solar radiation observation satellite.
The monitoring method for solar flare can be generally classified into direct monitoring and indirect monitoring. Direct monitoring mainly comprises foundation detection and space-based detection. The foundation detection comprises: a photosphere telescope, a coronagraph, a multichannel solar telescope, etc., which are mainly observed from an optical angle. The space-based detection mainly detects the radiant flux of X-rays and extreme ultraviolet spectrum, and the main detection instrument comprises: a stationary orbiting environmental observation satellite (Geosynchronous Orbiting Environmental Satellite, GOES) transmitted in the united states, GOES series satellites carrying equipment for monitoring X-ray radiation from the sun, capable of providing soft X-ray radiation fluxes in two bands; the European space agency and the American national aviation and aerospace agency cooperatively emit solar and solar spherical layer astronomical stations, and the carrying instrument comprises a solar ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet measuring instrument which can provide a large amount of spectrum and imaging data; solar dynamics astronomical satellite emitted by the national aviation and aerospace agency can obtain solar extreme ultraviolet radiation flux with high spectral resolution through observation. Although the space-based direct detection of X-rays and euv radiation has the characteristics of diverse detection instruments and abundant observation data, the observation thereof has certain limitations, such as: the acquisition of the data has a certain time delay, the monitoring of the data has a discontinuous condition, and the observation cost is relatively high.
Therefore, a need exists for a solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation to solve the limitations of direct solar flare monitoring by space-based technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation, which solves the limitation of directly monitoring solar flare by an empty base and reduces the monitoring cost of the solar flare.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation, comprising:
extracting observation data of GNSS satellites, and calculating geographic longitude, latitude and elevation angles at the penetration points of the satellites above the station based on the observation data;
calculating a solar zenith angle by using the geographic longitude and latitude of the station overhead satellite penetration point, and constructing a Chapman model based on the solar zenith angle;
constructing a relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate according to ionosphere continuity and a Chapman theory;
and acquiring a solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on the relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate.
Further, extracting the observations of the GNSS satellites includes:
and extracting the inclined TEC, the universal time, the satellite marks, the elevation angle, the azimuth angle and the longitude and latitude of the station of the GNSS satellite at certain time intervals.
Further, calculating the geographic longitude and latitude and the elevation angle at the station-above-the-station satellite penetration point comprises:
at time t, calculating the geographic latitude of the ith satellite penetration point above the station
Calculating the geographic longitude of the ith satellite penetration point above the station
Calculating elevation angle of ith satellite penetration point above station
Wherein,lat 0 、lon 0 respectively representing the geographical latitude and longitude of the observation station,/-, respectively>Respectively representing the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the ground station relative to the ith GNSS satellite at the moment t, R E Represents the earth radius, h m Representing ionospheric reference heights.
Further, calculating the solar zenith angle includes:
calculating the solar zenith angle of the ith satellite penetration point above the station at the time t by using the geographical longitude and latitude of the satellite penetration point above the station and combining the annual product day and the world time:
wherein χ represents the degree of solar zenith angle; sdec denotes the number of degrees of declination of the sun,DOY represents the yearly product day; />Representing the geographic latitude of the ith satellite penetration point above the station; τ is the parameter representing the sun, +.>UTh represents the world time; />Representing the geographic longitude at the ith satellite penetration point above the station.
Further, constructing the Chapman model includes:
based on the solar zenith angle, combining an earth radius, an ionosphere reference height and an atmospheric elevation, constructing the Chapman model when the solar zenith angle is smaller than 90 degrees:
wherein Ch (χ) represents the Chapman model, the radial distance R from the earth's center p ＝R E +h m H represents the atmospheric elevation,erf represents the error function.
Further, constructing the relationship model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate includes:
according to an ionosphere continuity equation and a Chapman theory, calculating to obtain the vertical TEC change rate caused by flare on a link from a GNSS satellite to a receiver, and combining the Chapman model to obtain a relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate:
wherein η represents a constant related to ionization efficiency in the ionosphere, I f Indicating the effective radiant flux induced by flare that produces ionization at the height of the ionization layer,represents the vertical TEC change rate due to flare, TECV f Calculated from the inclined TEC observed by GNSS satellite, < - > and->
Further, obtaining the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS comprises:
and accumulating the vertical TEC change rate caused by the flare of the global GNSS satellite receiver on each GNSS satellite link during the solar flare period, dividing the sum of the inverse of the Chapman model corresponding to each link to obtain a calculation model of the solar flare monitoring index, and obtaining the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on GNSS observation based on the calculation model of the solar flare monitoring index.
Further, the calculation model of the solar flare monitoring index is as follows:
wherein ηI is f For a solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on GNSS observation, TEC data of GNSS satellite station observation with solar zenith angle smaller than 70 degrees is taken for calculation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation provided by the invention can be used for rapidly and accurately monitoring the solar flare event, reduces the monitoring cost of the solar flare event, and has important values for ionosphere scientific research and space weather monitoring.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS calculated based on single-station multi-GNSS satellite observations in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation, as shown in fig. 1, including:
s1, based on GNSS multi-system observation data, extracting a GNSS inclined TEC, a world time, satellite signals, an elevation angle, an azimuth angle and a station longitude and latitude according to a certain time interval, and calculating the geographic longitude and latitude and the elevation angle at a station overhead satellite penetration point.
At time t, the geographic latitude of the ith satellite penetration point above the stationLongitude->And elevation +.>The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,lat 0 、lon 0 respectively representing the geographical latitude and longitude of the observation station,/-, respectively>Respectively representing the elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the ground station relative to the ith GNSS satellite at the moment t, R E Represents the earth radius, h m Representing ionospheric reference heights.
S2, calculating the solar zenith angle by using the geographical longitude and latitude of the station overhead satellite penetration point calculated in the S1 and combining the annual product date and the world time.
At the time t, the solar zenith angle calculation formula at the ith satellite penetration point above the station is:
wherein χ represents the degree of solar zenith angle; sdec denotes the number of degrees of declination of the sun,DOY represents the yearly product day; />Representing the geographic latitude of the ith satellite penetration point above the station; τ is the parameter representing the sun, +.>UTh represents the world time; />Representing the geographic longitude at the ith satellite penetration point above the station.
S3, calculating a Chapman function by combining the solar zenith angle value obtained through S2 and the earth radius, the ionosphere reference height and the atmospheric elevation.
The calculation formula of the Chapman function when the zenith angle of the sun is smaller than 90 degrees is as follows:
wherein Ch (χ) represents the Chapman function, the radial distance R from the earth's center p ＝R E +h m H represents the atmospheric elevation,erf represents the error function.
S4, calculating the vertical TEC change rate caused by flare on the link from the GNSS satellite to the receiver according to the ionosphere continuity equation and the Chapman theory, and calculating a corresponding Chapman function by using S3 to construct an index for monitoring the solar flare by the GNSS satellite.
The change in electron concentration in the ionosphere is described by the ionization continuity equation, i.e., is related to ionization generation rate, loss rate, and mobility. Because the solar flare burst event is a very rapid and intense process, solar radiation presents a suddenly enhanced mode during the flare period, so the ionization generation rate becomes the most important factor affecting ionosphere change, the loss rate and mobility are negligible, and the ionization generation rate related to the flare is integrated with the height by combining with the Chapman theory, so that a calculation formula of the vertical TEC change rate and the Chapman function relation is finally obtained:
wherein η represents a constant related to ionization efficiency in the ionosphere, I f Indicating the effective radiant flux induced by flare that produces ionization at the height of the ionization layer,represents the vertical TEC change rate due to flare, TECV f Calculated from the inclined TEC (STEC) observed by GNSS, hasThe volume calculation formula is
And S5, accumulating the TEC change rate caused by flare from the global GNSS receiver to each GNSS satellite link during the solar flare period, and dividing the TEC change rate by the sum of the inverse of the Chapman function corresponding to each link to obtain the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on GNSS observation.
Accumulating the TEC change rate caused by flare from the global GNSS receiver to each GNSS satellite link during the period of solar flare, dividing the TEC change rate by the sum of the inverse of the Chapman function corresponding to each link to obtain a solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on GNSS observation, namely summing the left side and the right side of the formula in S4 to obtain the following formula:
wherein, TEC data observed by a GNSS station with solar zenith angle smaller than 70 degrees is taken to calculate eta I f ，ηI f The solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on GNSS observation is obtained.
Example two
Taking a certain GNSS observation station 2001 measured data of 4/2/2001 as an example, the following steps are executed by using satellite signals collected by a GNSS receiver, elevation angle and azimuth angle at the station, inclined TEC, universal time and station longitude and latitude data:
s1, taking as an example observation information of 21 minutes 00 seconds and 21 minutes 30 seconds of world time at two adjacent time points of a certain station GPS No. 5 satellite, respectively, based on station coordinates (geographic longitude lon 0 = -118.3290 °, geographic latitude lat 0 The elevation angle and the azimuth angle of the satellite No. 5 at adjacent observation time are respectively as followsAndand +.>And->Taking ionosphere reference height h m = 120.0000km, the hemisphere R of the earth E = 6378.0000km, the geographical latitude of the 5 th satellite above the station at the point of penetration is calculated>Longitude->And elevation +.>The calculation formula is as follows:
(1) Angle of earth
(2) Geographical latitude at the point of penetration
(3) Geographical longitude at the point of penetration
(4) Elevation angle at the point of penetration
S2, 4/2001, 2/year long day doy=92, 21 hours in world time 00 minutes 15 secondsSatellite No. 5 above the station GPS at the point of penetration (geographic latitude +.>Geographic longitudeThe solar zenith angle is:
s3, taking the radial distance R from the earth center P 6498.0000, atmospheric elevation h= 80.0000, calculated to give X p The cosine value cos χ= 0.8393 of the solar zenith angle calculated in S2 is 81.2250, and the calculation result of the Chapman function of the GPS satellite No. 5 above the station at the penetration point at the time of observation of 21 minutes and 15 seconds in the world time is obtained as follows:
s4, the inclined TEC observation values of two adjacent observation moments of the GPS No. 5 satellite of a certain station taken in S1 are STEC respectively 01 ＝141.7672，STEC 02 142.0072 and the elevation angle at the penetration point calculated from S1The diagonal TEC values are converted to vertical TEC values:
the rate of change of vertical TEC is:
regarding eta I f The equation of (2) is as follows:
s5, a certain GNSS station is located at 21 hours and 00 minutes and 15 seconds in the world time, and besides satellite No. 5The observation data are acquired by 5 GNSS satellites on the receiver link, and the calculation process is the same as the steps 1-4, and the eta I is obtained by the same method f Is as follows:
accumulating TEC change rates caused by flare of a certain GNSS station on a link from 6 GNSS satellites to a receiver at 21 times of 2 months of 2001 (1 minute and 15 seconds), namely summing the left side and the right side of the 6 equations to obtain eta I f Namely, solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on GNSS observation:
as shown in fig. 2, according to the method of the present embodiment, the distribution of the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS is calculated from measured data of a certain GNSS observation station 2001 in the period of 21:00 to 23:00 in world time of 4 months and 2 days, wherein 3 vertical dashed lines in the figure respectively indicate the start, peak and end times of solar flare obtained by X-ray observation. It can be seen that the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS constructed by using GNSS observation can clearly display the change of radiant flux during solar flare, and can effectively monitor the occurrence and the level of solar flare.
The solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation provided by the invention can be used for rapidly and accurately monitoring the solar flare event, reduces the monitoring cost of the solar flare event, and has important values for ionosphere scientific research and space weather monitoring.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains are made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A solar flare monitoring method based on GNSS observation, comprising:
extracting observation data of GNSS satellites, and calculating geographic longitude, latitude and elevation angles at the penetration points of the satellites above the station based on the observation data;
calculating a solar zenith angle by using the geographic longitude and latitude of the station overhead satellite penetration point, constructing a Chapman model based on the solar zenith angle, wherein constructing the Chapman model comprises: based on the solar zenith angle, combining the earth radius, ionosphere reference height and atmospheric elevation, constructing the solar zenith angle smaller thanThe Chapman model at that time;
constructing a relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate according to the ionosphere continuity and the Chapman theory, wherein the vertical TEC is the total content of vertical electrons of the ionosphere;
based on the relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate, a solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS is obtained, and the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS is calculated by taking TEC data observed by a GNSS satellite station with a solar zenith angle smaller than 70 degrees.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting the observation data of the GNSS satellites comprises:
and extracting the inclined TEC, the universal time, the satellite signals, the elevation angle, the azimuth angle and the longitude and latitude of the station of the GNSS satellite according to a certain time interval, wherein the inclined TEC is the total content of the ionized layer inclined electrons.
3. The GNSS observation-based solar flare monitoring method of claim 2 wherein calculating the geographic longitude, latitude and elevation at the station overhead satellite penetration point comprises:
at time t, calculating the geographic latitude of the ith satellite penetration point above the station：
；
Calculating the geographic longitude of the ith satellite penetration point above the station：
；
Calculating elevation angle of ith satellite penetration point above station：
；
Wherein,，lat 0 、lon 0 respectively representing the geographical latitude and longitude of the observation station，/>、/>Representing the elevation and azimuth of the ground station relative to the ith GNSS satellite at time t,R E representing the radius of the earth,h m representing ionospheric reference heights.
4. A method of monitoring solar flare based on GNSS observations as claimed in claim 3 wherein calculating the solar zenith angle comprises:
calculating the solar zenith angle of the ith satellite penetration point above the station at the time t by using the geographical longitude and latitude of the satellite penetration point above the station and combining the annual product day and the world time:
wherein (1)>The degree of the zenith angle of the sun; />Indicating the degree of declination of the sun, +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the DOY represents the yearly product day; />Is a parameter representing the sun, < >>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the UTh indicates world time.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the Chapman model is:
wherein (1)>Representing the radial distance of the Chapman model from the earth's centerH represents the atmospheric elevation, < >>，erfRepresenting an error function.
6. The GNSS observation-based solar flare monitoring method of claim 5, wherein constructing the Chapman model versus vertical TEC change rate model comprises:
according to an ionosphere continuity equation and a Chapman theory, calculating to obtain the vertical TEC change rate caused by flare on a link from a GNSS satellite to a receiver, and combining the Chapman model to obtain a relation model of the Chapman model and the vertical TEC change rate:
wherein (1)>Represents a constant related to ionization efficiency in the ionosphere,/->Indicating the effective radiation flux induced by flare, which is capable of producing ionization at the height of the ionization layer,/->Represents the vertical TEC change rate due to flare,/>Calculated from the inclined TEC observed by GNSS satellite, < - > and->，STECIndicating a diagonal TEC.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein obtaining the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS comprises:
and accumulating the vertical TEC change rate caused by the flare of the global GNSS satellite receiver on each GNSS satellite link during the solar flare period, dividing the sum of the inverse of the Chapman model corresponding to each link to obtain a calculation model of the solar flare monitoring index, and obtaining the solar flare monitoring index SFAI-GNSS based on GNSS observation based on the calculation model of the solar flare monitoring index.
8. The method for monitoring solar flare based on GNSS observation according to claim 7, wherein the calculation model of solar flare monitoring index is:
wherein (1)>The exponential SFAI-GNSS is monitored for solar flare based on GNSS observations.
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