CN116698992A - Reference block and design method - Google Patents

Reference block and design method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116698992A
CN116698992A CN202210171466.2A CN202210171466A CN116698992A CN 116698992 A CN116698992 A CN 116698992A CN 202210171466 A CN202210171466 A CN 202210171466A CN 116698992 A CN116698992 A CN 116698992A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
flat bottom
bottom holes
reference block
rounding
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210171466.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
史枭颖
杨娟
陈琛
谭博
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Original Assignee
AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd filed Critical AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210171466.2A priority Critical patent/CN116698992A/en
Publication of CN116698992A publication Critical patent/CN116698992A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Abstract

A reference block design method is provided, which comprises the following steps: determining the radius and thickness of the rounding segment according to the rounding size of the piece to be detected; determining the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a first hollow cylindrical section and a second hollow cylindrical section which are respectively connected with the rounded section in a vertical and horizontal tangent way; determining the inner arc length and the outer arc length of the rounded section; a plurality of flat bottom holes are arranged in the rounding section, the openings of the flat bottom holes are arranged on the outer arc edge of the rounding section, the axes are arranged to coincide with the connecting line of the rounding circle center and the openings, and the bottom surfaces of the holes are arranged to be perpendicular to the axes; determining the minimum burial depth, the diameter and the maximum distance of the flat bottom holes according to the surface resolution, the detection sensitivity and the effective sound beam width; the partial flat bottom holes are arranged along the direction of the inner or outer arc edge of the rounded section and/or the partial flat bottom holes are arranged along the circumferential direction, and the partial flat bottom holes are arranged with different burial depths. The method can design a reference block with a round structure. A reference block is also provided.

Description

Reference block and design method
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of ultrasonic testing, in particular to the field of ultrasonic detection reference blocks.
Background
Ultrasonic inspection is an effective method of discovering internal defects in metal forgings, such as inspecting blanks, forgings, extrusion rolls, various connectors and composites by longitudinal waves, inspecting welds, pipes and bars by transverse waves, and the like.
In the ultrasonic detection process, a reference block (Reference Standard) is required to determine the sensitivity of ultrasonic detection, verify the validity of a detection scheme and the like. The reference block is a sample block with a simple geometrical artificial reflector or known fixed characteristic for simulating defects, generally has specified materials, surface states, geometrical shapes and sizes, can be used for setting and calibrating ultrasonic detection equipment, evaluating defects and the like, and is a comparison piece which plays the same role as a piece to be detected.
The metal forging with the rounding structure has the advantages of saving materials, being beneficial to heat treatment hardenability and the like. The rounded structure generally has a first curvature along the rounded direction and a second curvature along the circumferential direction, and is more divergent when ultrasonic waves are incident under the interference of the two curvatures.
At present, a special forging piece with a rounding structure generally needs to be scanned by profiling, so that longitudinal waves vertically enter the forging piece. However, due to different incident surfaces, the reflection condition of the cambered surface in the rounded structure on the sound beam is different from that of the plane, so that the detection result of the forging piece is greatly different from that of the actual forging piece, the detection sensitivity is low, the accuracy of evaluating defects is poor, and the surface of the rounded structure cannot be compared with a flat bottom hole test block incident on the plane surface; in the profiling scanning of the actual operation, on the premise of the rounding structure, effective echo cannot be obtained after angle deflection and stepping, so that the detection range cannot cover the far-field area of the rounding structure, and the condition of missing detection is caused.
Based on the above description, it is necessary to provide an ultrasonic detection reference block to assist the ultrasonic detection with a rounded structure, so as to ensure the accessibility and accuracy of the detection.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present application is to provide a reference block design method capable of designing a reference block suitable for a rounded structure having two curvatures, and effectively assisting in ultrasonic detection of the rounded structure.
The design method of the reference block for achieving the purpose is used for designing the reference block for comparing with a to-be-detected piece in ultrasonic detection, wherein the to-be-detected piece is provided with a rounding structure, and the rounding center, the detection sensitivity, the effective sound beam width and the surface resolution of an ultrasonic detection system are determined.
The method comprises the following steps: s1, determining the radius and thickness of a rounding section of the reference block according to the rounding size of the piece to be detected; s2, determining the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a first hollow cylindrical section and a second hollow cylindrical section which are respectively connected with the rounding section in a vertical and horizontal tangent way according to the rounding radius and the rounding thickness; s3, determining the inner arc length of the inner arc edge and the outer arc length of the outer arc edge of the rounding section according to the rounding radius, the rounding thickness, the first hollow cylindrical section and the second hollow cylindrical section; s4, arranging a plurality of flat bottom holes in the rounding section, arranging openings of the flat bottom holes on the outer arc edge of the rounding section, arranging the axes of the flat bottom holes to coincide with the connecting line of the rounding circle center and the openings, and arranging the hole bottom surfaces of the flat bottom holes to be perpendicular to the axes; s5, determining the minimum burial depth of the flat bottom hole according to the surface resolution, determining the diameter of the flat bottom hole according to the detection sensitivity, and determining the maximum distance between the flat bottom holes according to the effective sound beam width.
In one or more embodiments, the method further comprises: s6, arranging part of the flat bottom holes to be arranged along the inner arc edge or the outer arc edge of the rounding section and/or arranging part of the flat bottom holes to be arranged along the circumferential direction of the rounding section, and arranging part of the flat bottom holes to have different burial depths.
In one or more embodiments, the burial depth range of the flat bottom hole is set to be between the rounded thickness and the minimum burial depth.
In one or more embodiments, the rounded thickness is less than or equal to an actual rounded thickness of the piece to be inspected.
Another object of the present application is to provide a reference block using the above reference block design method, the reference block comprising: a first hollow cylindrical section; a second hollow cylindrical section; the rounding section is tangentially connected with the first hollow cylindrical section and the second hollow cylindrical section and comprises an outer arc edge and an inner arc edge; and a plurality of flat bottom holes are circumferentially and/or arcuately arranged on the rounding section, the openings of the flat bottom holes are positioned on the outer arc edge, the axes of the flat bottom holes coincide with the connecting line of the rounding circle center and the openings, the bottom surfaces of the flat bottom holes are perpendicular to the axes, and at least part of the flat bottom holes have different burial depths.
In one or more embodiments, the reference block includes a first set of flat bottom holes comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes equally spaced arcwise along the outer or inner arcuate edge having a first burial depth equal to a maximum burial depth.
In one or more embodiments, the reference block includes a second set of flat bottom holes, the second set of flat bottom holes including a plurality of flat bottom holes equally spaced along the outer or inner arcuate edge having a second burial depth equal to a minimum burial depth.
In one or more embodiments, the reference block includes a third set of flat bottom holes comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes equally spaced circumferentially along the rounded section having different burial depths.
In one or more embodiments, the reference block further includes a fourth set of flat bottom holes comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes having diameters smaller than the flat bottom hole diameters determined from the ultrasonic detection sensitivity.
In one or more embodiments, a portion of the flat bottom hole is a stepped hole.
In one or more embodiments, the material of the reference block is the same as or has similar sound attenuation characteristics to the material of the piece to be detected.
The design method of the reference block can design the rounding section with the rounding curvature and the circumferential curvature at the same time, the reference block with the rounding section can be closer to the characteristics of the detected workpiece, the comparison of the rounding structure is realized, and the performability of ultrasonic detection of the structure is ensured.
The diameter, the interval and the burial depth range of the flat bottom hole are designed through the ultrasonic detection sensitivity, the effective sound beam width and the surface resolution, so that the flat bottom hole can be used as an artificial defect reference object, detection parameters such as the sound beam incidence angle, the scanning interval and the like are verified and adjusted, the accuracy and the effectiveness of the detection parameters are ensured, and the accuracy and the effectiveness of the ultrasonic detection in subsequent practice are improved.
And the scanning result of the reference block is compared with the scanning result of the to-be-detected piece to evaluate the defect to obtain the equivalent size of the defect, so that the accuracy of evaluating the equivalent size of the defect is improved, and the ultrasonic detection quality is improved.
Drawings
The above and other features, properties and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of a reference block.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the reference block taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view at N in fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a second set of flat bottom holes.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a third set of flat bottom holes.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a section along the direction B-B in fig. 1.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method of designing a reference block.
Description of the reference numerals
10. Reference block
11. A first hollow cylindrical section
12. A second hollow cylindrical section
13. Rounded segment
15. First hollow cavity
16. Second hollow cavity
40. Flat bottom hole
41. Hole bottom surface
42. An opening
410. First group of flat bottom holes
420. Second group of flat bottom holes
430. Third group of flat bottom holes
60. Inner arc edge
70. Outer arc edge
Detailed Description
The present application will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings, in which more details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but it will be apparent that the present application can be embodied in many other forms than described herein, and that those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations and deductions depending on the actual application without departing from the spirit of the present application, and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present application in terms of the content of this specific embodiment. It is noted that these and other figures are merely examples, which are not drawn to scale and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application as it is actually claimed.
Ultrasonic detection is a technique for researching reflected, transmitted and scattered waves by utilizing the interaction of ultrasonic waves and a workpiece, detecting and characterizing macroscopic defect detection, geometric characteristic measurement, tissue structure and mechanical property change of the workpiece, and further evaluating specific application of the workpiece.
For the to-be-detected piece with the rounding structure, the two curvatures generated by the rounding structure make the propagation rule of the sound beam more complex, so that a special reference block is required to be designed to improve the performability of ultrasonic detection on the rounding component.
The reference block is used for detecting a specific workpiece by a specific method, and an artificial reflector such as a flat bottom hole or a groove is designed. Therefore, the reference block is used as a reference reflector with definite meaning, and the calibration of ultrasonic detection, the adjustment of the state of ultrasonic detection equipment or the evaluation of the equivalent size of the defect can be realized by setting the reference block to have similar acoustic characteristics and external dimensions with the to-be-detected piece and comparing the detection signal aiming at the reference block with the detection signal of the to-be-detected piece.
According to the principle, the disclosure provides a design method of a reference block, which designs the reference block according to a piece to be detected with a rounded structure.
The method is described below in connection with the flowchart shown in fig. 7. Prior to design, the rounded center O, detection sensitivity, effective beam width, and surface resolution of the detection system have been determined.
It should be noted that the above detection parameters are only used for designing the reference block, and are not completely consistent with the data used when the detection system detects the object to be detected.
For ease of understanding, fig. 1 to 6 show coordinate systems for describing the azimuth relationship, the axial direction of the test block is represented by the Z-axis direction, and the radial direction of the test block is represented by the direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the following description may use specific words such as "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" to describe embodiments of the application, which means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with at least one embodiment of the application. It is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the application may be combined as suitable.
As described with reference to FIG. 7, the method first proceeds to steps S1-S3, where the size of the reference block is determined. The structure of the reference block 10 is understood in conjunction with fig. 1 to 6.
According to the size of the rounding on the piece to be inspected, the radius R and the thickness H of the rounding segment 13 of the reference block 10 are first determined. The radius R and the thickness H of the rounding segment 13 are determined by the size of the piece to be detected and the rounding radius R and the thickness H of the rounding segment 13 are determined according to the rounding structures on the pieces to be detected with different sizes.
In one embodiment, the rounded thickness H is equal to or less than the actual rounded thickness of the part to be inspected. That is, the rounded thickness H may be completely identical to the actual rounded thickness of the part to be inspected, to fully reduce the size of the part to be inspected. However, in another embodiment, when the actual thickness of the part to be inspected is too thick and the inner area of the entire rounded section structure needs to be covered when the measurement is performed in both the inner and outer directions, the thickness H of the rounded section may be smaller than the actual thickness of the part to be inspected, and only the inspection parameters of a part of the inner area of the rounded section structure are verified, and only the radius R and the outer arc length of the outer arc edge 60 formed by the radius R are required to be consistent with the part to be inspected.
Step S2 is performed to determine the inner and outer diameters of the first and second hollow cylindrical sections 11 and 12, respectively, which are vertically and horizontally tangentially connected to the rounded section 13, according to the rounded radius R and rounded thickness H.
The height of the first hollow cylindrical section 11 in the Z-axis direction and the extension length of the second hollow cylindrical section 12 in the XY-plane are determined according to practical requirements, and the present method is not limited as long as it can provide a volume size satisfying the ultrasonic detection range, and is applicable to the present disclosure.
Step S3 is performed to determine an inner arc length L1 of the inner arc edge 60 and an outer arc length L2 of the outer arc edge 70 of the rounded section 13 based on the rounded radius R, the rounded thickness H, the first hollow cylindrical section 11 and the second hollow cylindrical section 12.
Specifically, after determining the radius R and the thickness H, the inner arc length L1 and the outer arc length L2 can be calculated based on the characteristics of the first hollow cylindrical section 11 and the second hollow cylindrical section 12 tangential to the rounded section 13. The calculation formula of the inner arc length L1 isThe calculation formula of the outer arc length L2 of the rounding is +.>
The reference block designed through the above steps can be understood with reference to fig. 1 to 4, in which the annular rounded section 13 is connected tangentially to the first hollow cylindrical section 11 and the second hollow cylindrical section 12. The inner arc 60 and the outer arc 70 give the rounded section 13 a first curvature A1, while the circumferential configuration tangential to the first hollow cylindrical section 11 and the second hollow cylindrical section 12 gives the rounded section 13 a second curvature A2. The rounded segment 13 includes an inner arcuate edge 60 and an outer arcuate edge 70. The length of the inner arc edge 60 is the inner arc length L1 of the rounded section 13, and the length of the outer arc edge 70 is the outer arc length L2 of the rounded section 13.
Specifically, the first hollow cylindrical section 11 is connected to the rounded section 13 perpendicularly and tangentially in the Z-axis direction, the first hollow cylindrical section 11 includes a first hollow cavity 15, the outer peripheral surface of the first hollow cylindrical section 11 is tangent to the rounded section 13 at a point T3 shown in fig. 4, and the inner peripheral surface is tangent to the rounded section 13 at a point T1 shown in fig. 3.
The second hollow cylindrical section 12 is connected tangentially to the rounded section 13 horizontally in the XY plane, the second hollow cylindrical section 12 comprising a second hollow cavity 16 in the form of an expansion, the second hollow cavity 16 being in communication with the first hollow cavity 15. The outer circumferential surface of the second hollow cylindrical section 12 is tangent to the rounded section 13 at point T4 shown in fig. 4, and the inner circumferential surface is tangent to the rounded section 13 at point T2 shown in fig. 3. The rounded section 13 is thus tangentially connected to the first hollow cylindrical section 11 and the second hollow cylindrical section 12.
Continuing with step S4, a plurality of flat bottom holes 40 are provided on the rounded section 13, the openings 42 of the flat bottom holes 40 are provided on the outer arc edge 70 of the rounded section 13, the axes of the flat bottom holes 40 are arranged to coincide with the connecting lines of the rounded center O and the openings 42, each connecting line is a radial direction centered on the rounded center O, and the hole bottom surfaces 41 of the flat bottom holes 40 are arranged to be perpendicular to the axis direction. The direction of incidence of the ultrasound coincides with the radial direction of the rounded center O, and therefore the hole bottom surface 41 of the flat bottom hole 40 serves as an artificial reflector for realizing reflection of the ultrasound wave.
Ultrasonic waves used by the detection system in the present disclosure are longitudinal waves, and are perpendicularly incident. The connection line between the rounding center O and the bottom surface 41 of each hole is consistent with the incidence direction of the ultrasonic wave, namely, the incidence direction of the ultrasonic wave is consistent with the radial direction of the rounding center O. The detection sensitivity, effective beam width and surface resolution are determined by the detection requirements.
Ultrasonic detection sensitivity is the ability of the entire detection system to find the smallest defect in ultrasonic detection, and if the smaller the defect is found, the higher the ultrasonic detection sensitivity. And determining the detection sensitivity according to the detection requirement, and further determining the minimum diameter of the defect to be detected.
The effective beam width is related to the ultrasound resolution, while the effective beam width together with the scan step/pitch determines the coverage of the scan and thus the extent of the scan pitch t. When part of flat bottom holes are not distinguished after the probe scans a group of flat bottom holes, the detection parameters are insufficient to cover the whole range, and the detection omission risk is easily caused, so that the effective sound beam width needs to be adjusted.
The surface resolution is used for determining the minimum distance between the distinguishable defect of the detection system and the incidence surface near the incidence surface of the workpiece, and the surface resolution is related to various factors such as a probe, the surface roughness of the part and the like. The surface resolution can determine the shallowest defect detected by the probe.
Continuing with step S5, the minimum burial depth d of the flat bottom holes 40 is determined based on the surface resolution described above, the diameter of the flat bottom holes 40 is determined based on the detection sensitivity, and the maximum spacing of the flat bottom holes 40 is determined based on the effective beam width.
Specifically, the diameter of a portion of the flat bottom hole, such as the diameter of the flat bottom hole 40, is determined based on the sensitivity of ultrasonic detectionSet to 0.8mm, representing the minimum diameter of the defect to be detected.
The maximum spacing of adjacent flat bottom holes 40 along the arc length of hole bottom surface 41 is determined based on the effective beam width, and the maximum spacing also represents the maximum scanning step or maximum scanning spacing, which is a certain proportion of the effective beam width.
For example, the pitch is set to 75% of the effective beam width, or set to 50% of the effective beam width. Because the scanning steps or the scanning intervals and the effective sound beam width jointly influence the scanning range, the larger the scanning steps or the scanning intervals are, the smaller the sound velocity is overlapped, the more easily the scanning coverage area of the sound beam is reduced, and therefore the detection omission risk is caused. Meanwhile, considering the detection efficiency, the scanning steps or the scanning interval cannot be set too small, otherwise, the effective area of single scanning is too small, and the detection efficiency is too low.
Therefore, when the scanning step/interval is reduced, a group of echoes of all flat bottom holes with the same interval cannot be acquired, the coverage of the sound beam is poor, and a missed detection area exists under the effective sound beam width, so that the detection parameter of the effective sound beam width needs to be increased to ensure that each part of the rounded section can be covered by the ultrasonic detection scanning range.
The minimum burial depth d of the flat bottom hole 40 is determined according to the surface resolution. The distance from the bottom surface 41 to the inner arcuate edge 60 is referred to as the burial depth, which is the difference between the rounded thickness H and the depth c of the flat bottom hole 40. The depth c of the flat bottom hole 40 cannot exceed the difference between H and d depending on the surface resolution, otherwise the depth is too shallow and the detection system cannot resolve the defect well. The minimum burial depth d varies from one probe device to another, for example in one embodiment the minimum burial depth d is about 5mm or 6mm. The burial depth of the flat bottom hole 40 is set to be between the rounded thickness H and the minimum burial depth d.
Furthermore, in one embodiment, the hole depth c has a minimum value c, limited to the hole opening apparatus and the hole opening operation 0 I.e. the depth of the flat bottom hole 40 needs to be greater than c 0 . Minimum value c 0 There are different ranges for the different test blocks, such as about 6 to 10mm in one embodiment. At this time, the burial depth of the flat bottom hole 40 is set to be equal to the radius thickness H and the minimum value c 0 And the minimum burial depth d.
By the design method of the reference block, the rounded section with two radians can be designed, and the flat bottom hole can be used as an artificial defect reference object by arranging a plurality of flat bottom holes, so that detection parameters such as the incidence angle of an acoustic beam, the scanning interval and the like are verified and adjusted, the accuracy and the effectiveness of the detection parameters are ensured, and the accuracy and the effectiveness of the follow-up practice of ultrasonic detection are improved; and the scanning result of the flat bottom hole in the reference block is compared with the scanning result of the to-be-detected piece to evaluate the defect to obtain the equivalent size of the defect, so that the accuracy of evaluating the equivalent size of the defect is improved, and the ultrasonic detection quality is improved.
Further, in one embodiment, the method further comprises a step S6 of arranging the partial flat bottom holes arcuately along the inner arc edge 60 or the outer arc edge 70 of the rounded section 13 and/or arranging the partial flat bottom holes circumferentially along the circumferential direction of the rounded section 13, arranging the partial flat bottom holes 40 to have different burial depths.
As shown in connection with FIG. 6, the flat bottom holes have both a first set of flat bottom holes 410 and a second set of flat bottom holes 420 distributed arcuately along a first arc A1 and a third set of flat bottom holes 430 distributed circumferentially along a second arc A2. The flat bottom holes of different distributions are designed to meet different test requirements.
For example, a third set of circumferentially distributed flat bottom holes 430 can be used for DAC or TCG curve mapping, and the first and second sets of arcuately distributed flat bottom holes 410, 420 can function to verify far field divergence, adjust beam incidence angle, and the like. This verification will be described in detail later.
In combination with the above description of the method for designing a reference block, it can also be understood that a reference block designed by applying the method is used for the reference test of ultrasonic detection.
As shown in connection with fig. 1 and 2, the reference block includes a first hollow cylindrical section 11, a second hollow cylindrical section 12, a rounded section 13, and a plurality of flat bottom holes, and the outer diameter of the second hollow cylindrical section 12 is larger than the outer diameter of the first hollow cylindrical section 11. The first hollow cylindrical section 11 has a first hollow cavity 15 and the second hollow cylindrical section 12 has a second hollow cavity 16, the first hollow cavity 15 and the second hollow cavity 16 being in communication with each other.
The rounded segment 13 is tangentially connected to the first hollow cylindrical segment 11 and the second hollow cylindrical segment 12, respectively, comprising an outer arc edge 70 and an inner arc edge 60. A plurality of flat bottom holes 40 are arranged on the rounded section 13, the openings 42 of the flat bottom holes 40 are positioned on the outer arc edges 70, the axes of the flat bottom holes 40 are coincident with the connecting line of the rounded centers O and the openings 42, the hole bottom surfaces 41 of the flat bottom holes 40 are perpendicular to the axes, and at least part of the flat bottom holes 40 have different burial depths.
By setting the hole bottom surface 41 of the flat bottom hole perpendicular to the axis, i.e., perpendicular to the direction in which the ultrasonic wave is incident, the hole bottom surface 41 can be made to act as an artificial reflector, and the reflection of the ultrasonic wave can be performed. When the acoustic pulse propagates in the reference block, a part of the wave is reflected by the bottom surface 41 of the hole, and the size and the buried depth of the bottom surface 41 of the hole can be measured according to the existence, strength and time interval between the reflected wave and the transmitted pulse of the reflected wave, and the data can be used for comparing the defect positions in the to-be-detected piece.
In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 3, the reference block includes a first set of flat bottom holes 410, the first set of flat bottom holes 410 including a plurality of flat bottom holes 40 equally spaced along the outer or inner arcuate edge having a first burial depth m1, the first burial depth m1 being equal to the maximum burial depth. The first set of flat bottom holes 410 have a hole axis coincident with the direction of ultrasonic incidence and the hole bottom surface 41 is perpendicular to the direction of ultrasonic incidence, with the plurality of flat bottom holes being equally spaced until all of the scalloped areas of all of the rounded segments 13 are covered.
Setting the first burial depth m1 to the maximum burial depth is used to verify the far-field resolution of the acoustic beam. The acoustic beam is focused on the surface of the part, diffusion occurs in the far field, meanwhile, as the acoustic path is increased, the echo is reduced, and in order to achieve the same detection sensitivity, the increase of gain is accompanied by the increase of clutter, so that the detection capability is reduced. Therefore, there is a limit to the detection depth of the ultrasonic wave, and when the far field is located beyond the lateral resolution capability of the detection system, poor detection results will occur.
The rounded structure with two curvatures has structural divergence, namely the arc length difference between the near surface and the far surface corresponding to the same angle is large, and the near surface acoustic beam coverage rate is far greater than the far surface by adopting a certain incidence angle to step scanning. If 50% of the effective beam width is used as the incident surface scanning interval, when the beam reaches the far field, the beam may not overlap due to the divergence of the structure, so that the defect may be missed. Therefore, to determine the far field detection resolution of the structure, the first burial depth m1 of the plurality of flat bottom holes 40 comprised by the first set of flat bottom holes 410 is set to be the maximum burial depth, and the hole depth c should be as small as possible to create a far field environment to meet the maximum detection depth requirement.
In this arrangement, the coverage of the monitoring system is verified by the accuracy with which the first set of flat bottom holes 410 is used as a reference to analyze the number of flat bottom holes in the first set of flat bottom holes that the detection system discerns. When the detection system can accurately identify each flat bottom hole 40 contained in the first group of flat bottom holes 410, the coverage rate of the detection system is proved to meet the detection requirement, the detection omission phenomenon can not occur when the detection is carried out on the part to be detected, and the detection reliability is ensured.
If the detection system cannot better resolve the first set of flat bottom holes 410, the detection parameters can be adjusted by increasing the beam width, etc. to meet the coverage requirement.
In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the reference block includes a second set of flat bottom holes 420, the second set of flat bottom holes 420 including a plurality of flat bottom holes 40 equally spaced along the outer arc edge 70 or the inner arc edge 60 having a second burial depth m2, the second burial depth m2 being equal to the minimum burial depth d.
The smaller the sound Cheng Yue, the smaller the scattering influence of the sound wave caused by the microstructure in the part to be inspected, so that the second group of flat bottom holes 420 with the smallest burial depth can ensure better echo receiving effect, and can be used for adjusting the incidence angle of the sound beam.
The angle of incidence of the acoustic beam represents the angle at which the ultrasonic wave impinges on the aperture bottom surface 41. The longitudinal wave emitted by the probe needs to vertically irradiate to the bottom surface 41 of the hole, if non-vertical incidence occurs, part of the wave reflected by the surface of the flat bottom hole cannot be received by the probe, and the echo receiving rate is reduced; waveform conversion also occurs if oblique incidence occurs to some extent, producing refracted longitudinal waves, transverse waves, etc. The sound beam must therefore be ensured to be normally incident during detection.
Therefore, the second set of flat bottom holes 420 is used for adjusting the incidence angle of the sound beam, so as to ensure that the incidence angle of the probe when detecting the workpiece to be detected is vertical incidence. Because the second set of flat bottom holes 420 have a smaller burial depth, better retroreflection can be achieved. The probe is moved, the probe is locally rotated in the operation process, the incidence direction of the sound beam is changed, when the echo received by the instrument is highest, the incidence angle of the sound beam is considered to be perpendicular to the hole bottom surface 41, the incidence angle of the probe head meets the requirement, and the incidence angle of the sound beam is completely adjusted.
In one embodiment, the reference block includes a third set of flat bottom holes 430, where the third set of flat bottom holes 430 includes a plurality of flat bottom holes 40 that are equally spaced along the circumference of the rounded segment 13 with different burial depths. As will be appreciated in connection with fig. 5 and 6, fig. 5 simply shows the positions of the three hole bottom surfaces 41, 41', 41″ respectively, the hole depths c of the respective flat bottom holes are different from each other in the circumferential direction, and the burial depths of the respective flat bottom holes are different from each other, but the respective flat bottom holes are all located in the same circumferential direction.
The third set of flat bottom holes 430 are used to enable the plotting of DAC or TCG curves. The third set of flat bottom holes 430 should include flat bottom holes 40 having a variety of burial depths, and preferably should include a maximum burial depth and a minimum burial depth that can be tolerated by the reference block.
The DAC curve (distance amplitude curve) is a distance-amplitude curve. The abscissa represents the sound path, the ordinate represents the echo amplitude, and the sound path may be considered as depth. Because the sound wave can attenuate when propagating along the depth direction, even the flat bottom holes with the same size have different echo amplitude values due to different sound paths and different depths. A smooth curve formed by connecting different amplitudes corresponding to different sound paths is called DAC curve.
As the defect of the same equivalent is influenced by the attenuation of a signal, the diffusion of an acoustic beam and other factors along with the increase of the depth, the echo amplitude of the defect is exponentially reduced, so that a DAC curve can be formed by the reflected echo amplitude at different depths, the reflected echo amplitudes at different depths are compensated by the reduced trend of the DAC curve along the depth direction, and a curve formed by connecting all depth compensation values is called a TCG curve.
In the drawing, the sound path of the sound beam incident to the flat bottom holes with different burial depths included in the third group of flat bottom holes 430 is recorded, and when the echo amplitude of each flat bottom hole reaches 80%, the detection sensitivity under different depths is obtained, so as to obtain a DAC/TCG curve.
By providing a third set of flat bottom holes 430 with different burial depths, different acoustic and echo amplitudes can be obtained, and a DAC curve can be drawn therefrom under which the detection sensitivity between the two burial depths can be determined by interpolation.
Since the DAC/TCG curves are different for each material, the reference block 10 is preferably the same material as the part to be inspected and has the same heat treatment and surface conditions as the part to be inspected to draw accurate values.
In another embodiment, the reference block further comprises a fourth set of flat bottom holes comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes 40 having diameters smaller than the flat bottom hole diameters determined based on the sensitivity of the ultrasonic detection.
In step S5, the diameter of the flat bottom hole is determined by the ultrasonic detection sensitivity, but other sizes smaller than the diameter of the flat bottom hole can be set, for example, if the diameter phi of the flat bottom hole determined according to the minimum defect which can be resolved by the ultrasonic detection sensitivity is 0.8mm, the diameter of the fourth group of flat bottom holes is selected to be 0.6 or 0.4mm, or other sizes smaller than 0.8mm, and the like, so as to verify the limit of the resolving power of the detection device.
The above embodiments are only for reference, and the specific diameters of the fourth set of flat bottom holes are specifically determined by those skilled in the art according to the detection system and detection requirements during the actual design process, and are not limited to the size reduction limitation mentioned in the above embodiments.
Further, in one embodiment, the partially flat bottom hole 40 is a stepped hole. For example, the second set of flat bottom holes 420 are preferably arranged as stepped holes due to the larger hole depth c of the second set of flat bottom holes 420 and the smaller second burial depth m 2. As shown in fig. 4, the stepped hole has a finer diameter on the side closer to the hole bottom surface 41 and a coarser diameter on the side closer to the opening 42. The purpose of providing the stepped hole is for convenient processing.
According to the design method of the reference block, by arranging the plurality of groups of flat bottom holes, the reference block can be simultaneously used for adjusting the incidence angle of the sound beam, verifying the far-field dispersibility of the sound beam, drawing a DAC or TCG curve and identifying the limit of detection equipment, so that a reference reflector with definite meaning is formed, the detection system is evaluated, and the accuracy of the actual ultrasonic detection result can be improved.
The reference test block refers to the dimension design of the to-be-detected piece, and can be used for performing performance verification on an ultrasonic instrument and a probe, determining the sensitivity of the instrument, adjusting the scanning speed, determining the relative position and the size of the defect and the like. Therefore, the reference block should be consistent with the acoustic characteristics of the detected workpiece as much as possible, and preferably the same material or similar sound attenuation material as the workpiece to be detected is adopted to play a better role in comparison.
In addition, the reference block 10 shown in fig. 1 can achieve a larger curvature than a general R-angle, dog-leg structure, while increasing the curvature from the circumferential direction of the ring.
As shown in fig. 1 in particular, the rounded section 13 of the reference block 10 comprises two curvatures, a first curvature A1 from the rounded configuration and a second curvature A2 from the annular circumferential connection of the first hollow cylindrical section 11 and the second hollow cylindrical section 12. The first curvature A1 and the second curvature A2 have obvious influence on the incidence and reflection effects of the ultrasonic waves, and the complexity is increased, so that the reference block can explore the incidence and reflection conditions of the ultrasonic waves under two curvatures.
In addition, the rounded section arranged in the ring shape in the reference block is closer to the real part to be detected. When the arc structure is actually operated, an arc peripheral structure is generally required to be recorded, so that an automatic travelling path is given to the probe, and the profiling scanning of the detection system is realized. If there is no test block with the same curvature distribution as the rounded structure of the actual piece to be detected, the angle deflection step, the detection speed and the sound beam width cannot be verified, so that the detection accuracy is affected, and missed detection may be caused. Through the test block shown in fig. 1, suitable parameters of ultrasonic detection can be obtained by comparing and analyzing the test block result, and the performability of ultrasonic detection of the forging piece with the rounded structure is ensured, so that the accuracy of actual ultrasonic detection is further improved.
It should be noted that the symbols in fig. 6 only schematically indicate the positions of the holes, and do not represent the cross-sectional shape of the actual flat bottom hole. The foregoing description also uses words such as "first," "second," "third," etc. to describe features, and the words are merely used to facilitate distinguishing between corresponding features or components and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the application unless otherwise indicated.
In some embodiments, numbers describing the components, number of attributes are used, it being understood that such numbers being used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples by the modifier "about," approximately, "or" substantially. Unless otherwise indicated, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" indicate that the number allows for a 20% variation. Accordingly, in some embodiments, numerical parameters set forth in the specification and claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and employ a method for preserving the general number of digits. Although the numerical ranges and parameters set forth herein are approximations in some embodiments for use in determining the breadth of the range, in particular embodiments, the numerical values set forth herein are as precisely as possible.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting, but rather to the application, as will occur to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Therefore, any modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present application fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (11)

1. A reference block design method for designing a reference block for comparison with a piece to be detected in ultrasonic detection, the piece to be detected having a rounded structure, a rounded center of a circle, detection sensitivity, effective beam width, and surface resolution of an ultrasonic detection system having been determined, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, determining the radius and thickness of a rounding section (13) of the pair of comparison test blocks (10) according to the rounding size of the piece to be detected;
s2, determining the inner diameter and the outer diameter of a first hollow cylindrical section (11) and a second hollow cylindrical section (12) which are respectively connected with the rounding section (13) in a vertical and horizontal tangent way according to the rounding radius and the rounding thickness;
s3, determining the inner arc length of an inner arc edge (60) and the outer arc length of an outer arc edge (70) of the rounding section (13) according to the rounding radius, the rounding thickness, the first hollow cylindrical section (11) and the second hollow cylindrical section (12);
s4, arranging a plurality of flat bottom holes (40) in the rounding section (13), arranging openings (42) of the flat bottom holes (13) on an outer arc edge (70) of the rounding section (13), arranging the axes of the flat bottom holes (13) to coincide with connecting lines of the rounding circle centers and the openings (42), and arranging hole bottom surfaces (41) of the Ping Dekong (40) to be perpendicular to the axes;
s5, determining the minimum burial depth of the flat bottom hole (40) according to the surface resolution, determining the diameter of the flat bottom hole (40) according to the detection sensitivity, and determining the maximum distance of the flat bottom hole (40) according to the effective sound beam width.
2. The reference block design method of claim 1, further comprising:
s6, arranging part of the Ping Dekong (40) along the direction of the inner arc edge (60) or the outer arc edge (70) of the rounding section (13) and/or arranging part of the Ping Dekong (40) along the circumferential direction of the rounding section (13),
portions of the Ping Dekong (40) are provided with different burial depths.
3. The reference block design method of claim 1, wherein the burial depth range of Ping Dekong (40) is set to be between the rounded thickness and the minimum burial depth.
4. The reference block design method according to claim 1, wherein the rounded thickness is equal to or less than an actual rounded thickness of the member to be inspected.
5. A reference block (10) for use in a reference test for ultrasonic detection, characterized in that a reference block design method according to any one of claims 1-4 is used, the reference block comprising:
a first hollow cylindrical section (11);
a second hollow cylindrical section (12);
a rounded section (13) tangentially connected to said first hollow cylindrical section (11) and said second hollow cylindrical section (12), comprising an outer arc edge (70) and an inner arc edge (60); and
a plurality of flat bottom holes (40) are circumferentially and/or arcuately arranged on the rounding section (13), openings (42) of the flat bottom holes (40) are positioned on the outer arc edges (70), axes of the flat bottom holes (40) coincide with connecting lines of rounding circle centers and the openings (42), hole bottom surfaces (41) of the flat bottom holes (40) are perpendicular to the axes, and at least part of the Ping Dekong (40) have different burial depths.
6. The reference block of claim 5, wherein the reference block comprises a first set of flat bottom holes (410), the first set of flat bottom holes (410) comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes (40) distributed equally spaced arcwise along the outer arc (70) or the inner arc (60) having a first burial depth equal to a maximum burial depth.
7. The reference block of claim 5, comprising a second set of flat bottom holes (420), the second set of flat bottom holes (420) comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes (40) equally spaced along the outer arc (70) or the inner arc (60) having a second burial depth equal to the minimum burial depth.
8. A reference block according to any one of claims 5, characterized in that it comprises a third set of flat bottom holes (430), said third set of flat bottom holes (430) comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes (40) distributed at equal intervals circumferentially along said rounded section (13) with different burial depths.
9. The reference block of claim 5 further comprising a fourth set of flat bottom holes comprising a plurality of flat bottom holes having diameters smaller than the flat bottom hole diameters determined based on the ultrasonic detection sensitivity.
10. The reference block of claim 5, wherein a portion of the Ping Dekong (40) is a stepped bore.
11. A reference block according to claim 5, wherein the reference block (10) is of the same material as the part to be inspected or has similar acoustic attenuation characteristics.
CN202210171466.2A 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 Reference block and design method Pending CN116698992A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210171466.2A CN116698992A (en) 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 Reference block and design method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210171466.2A CN116698992A (en) 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 Reference block and design method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116698992A true CN116698992A (en) 2023-09-05

Family

ID=87824420

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210171466.2A Pending CN116698992A (en) 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 Reference block and design method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116698992A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4544240B2 (en) Tubular ultrasonic inspection apparatus and ultrasonic inspection method
JP4910770B2 (en) Tubular ultrasonic inspection apparatus and ultrasonic inspection method
US7010982B2 (en) Method of ultrasonically inspecting airfoils
CN111537612B (en) Phased array detection and assessment method for austenitic stainless steel small-diameter pipe welding joint
CN205120670U (en) A special reference block that is used for path pipe welding seam supersound to climb wave inspection
CN109374755B (en) Ultrasonic detection method for stainless steel oil pipe weld joint and standard test block
CN106290583A (en) A kind of ultrasonic phase array detection Small-diameter Tube Seams Special test block
CN105004796A (en) Ultrasonic phased array test block for crankshaft detection
CN108956775A (en) A kind of high-sensitivity ultrasonic detection method of engine complex profile bearing part
US5005420A (en) Ultrasonic method for measurement of depth of surface opening flaw in solid mass
CN103529123B (en) Dual-probe manual ultrasonic detection method
CN109682891B (en) Method for judging defect detection property of small-diameter pipe by simulation assistance
CN116381052B (en) Probe parameter determination method for TOFD detection of inner surface defect of outer cylinder
JP2010043989A (en) Defect height estimation method by ultrasonic flaw detection
CN111458415B (en) Method for detecting coupling state of ultrasonic phased array transducer and workpiece to be detected
CN116698992A (en) Reference block and design method
CN113834874B (en) Method for simulating and analyzing joint fillet weld defects based on CIVA
CN112326798B (en) Ultrasonic detection method for crane T-shaped weld joint region defects
CN105116057B (en) Small-bore pipe rolling defect ultrasonic probe and matching used test block
CN111896623A (en) Method for positioning defects of cast forging through ultrasonic detection
JP2019109107A (en) Ultrasonic flaw detection method, ultrasonic flaw detection device, manufacturing equipment row of steel material, manufacturing method of steel material, and quality assurance of steel material
CN110988127B (en) Signal identification method for detecting defects on surface and near surface of round bar by rotary ultrasonic
US11733211B2 (en) Method and device for testing a component non-destructively
KR101104889B1 (en) Calibration block for ultrasonic testing with tapered and curved surface
CN215678227U (en) Debugging contrast test block for ultrasonic detection of steam turbine retaining ring

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination