CN116698624A - A method and system for testing the internal friction angle and cohesion of foam-improved soil - Google Patents
A method and system for testing the internal friction angle and cohesion of foam-improved soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及岩土力学参数测定技术领域，具体涉及一种泡沫改良土内摩擦角和粘聚力的测试方法及系统。The present application relates to the technical field of measuring rock and soil mechanical parameters, in particular to a method and system for testing the internal friction angle and cohesion of foam-improved soil.
背景技术Background technique
泡沫改良土是土加入泡沫而形成的一种改良土，改良的主要目的是改变土的各项物理力学性质，如内摩擦角、粘聚力、渗透系数等。泡沫一般用于改良盾构机掘进过程中挖出的渣土，防止在掘进过程中出现结泥饼、喷涌、排渣不畅等不良现象。在判断是否发生这些不良现象的过程中，内摩擦角和粘聚力是其中最重要的参数。能否正确测定泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力，是设计质量和工程成败的关键所在。Foam-improved soil is a kind of improved soil formed by adding foam to soil. The main purpose of improvement is to change various physical and mechanical properties of soil, such as internal friction angle, cohesion, permeability coefficient, etc. Foam is generally used to improve the dregs excavated during the tunneling process of the shield machine to prevent adverse phenomena such as mud cakes, gushing, and poor slag discharge during the tunneling process. In the process of judging whether these undesirable phenomena occur, the internal friction angle and cohesion are among the most important parameters. Whether the internal friction angle and cohesion of foam-improved soil can be correctly measured is the key to design quality and project success.
内摩擦角和粘聚力是岩土力学性质的两个重要指标，是基坑、地基、边坡、隧道等工程围岩稳定性分析、数值模拟及支护结构设计所需的重要参数，也是岩土工程、地质工程等专业在岩石力学理论学习及教学过程中所需熟知及测定的重要参数，通常采用室内或现场试验测试。The internal friction angle and cohesion are two important indicators of the mechanical properties of rock and soil. They are important parameters required for the stability analysis, numerical simulation and support structure design of foundation pits, foundations, slopes, tunnels and other engineering surrounding rocks. The important parameters that geotechnical engineering, geological engineering and other majors need to know and measure in the process of learning and teaching rock mechanics theory are usually tested by indoor or field tests.
室内或现场试验中，通常采用三轴试验和直剪试验测试土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。常规三轴试验采用圆柱形试样，试样被橡皮膜包裹放在压力室中。试验时先通过压力室内的液体对试样施加围压σ3固结。然后施加垂直轴向压力，即施加偏应力Δσ1，直到试样剪坏。试样破坏时的大主应力为竖向应力σ1＝σ3+Δσ1，小主应力是围压σ3。则由一个试样所得的σ1和σ3，可以绘制一个极限应力圆。对同一种土，另取几个试样，改变围压σ3，试样剪坏时所加的轴压力σ1也会改变，从而又可绘制另几个极限应力圆。这样，在不同周围压力下试验，就可得到一组(最少三个试样)极限应力圆。作这些应力圆的公切线，便是土的抗剪强度包线，由此包线可求得内摩擦角和粘聚力c。In indoor or field tests, triaxial tests and direct shear tests are usually used to test the internal friction angle and cohesion of soil. The conventional triaxial test uses a cylindrical sample, which is wrapped by a rubber film and placed in a pressure chamber. During the test, the liquid in the pressure chamber first applies a confining pressure σ3 to the sample for consolidation. Then apply vertical axial pressure, that is, apply deviatoric stress Δσ 1 until the sample is sheared. The major principal stress when the specimen fails is the vertical stress σ 1 =σ 3 +Δσ 1 , and the minor principal stress is the confining pressure σ 3 . Then a limit stress circle can be drawn from the σ 1 and σ 3 obtained from a sample. For the same soil, take several other samples and change the confining pressure σ 3 , the axial pressure σ 1 applied when the sample is sheared will also change, so that several other limit stress circles can be drawn. In this way, a set of (at least three specimens) limit stress circles can be obtained by testing under different ambient pressures. The common tangent of these stress circles is the envelope of the shear strength of the soil, from which the angle of internal friction and cohesion c can be obtained.
直剪试验是将试样放在剪切盒中，它在一水平面上被分为上、下盒，一半固定，另一半或推或拉以产生水平位移。上部通过刚性加载帽施加正的竖向荷载。试验过程中竖向荷载一般不变，可量测水平向剪切荷载、水平位移和试样垂直变形。根据剪切面的面积，可计算出剪切面上的正应力σ和剪应力τ。从破坏时的正应力σ与τf间关系可确定土的强度包线。强度包线的截距即为粘聚力c′，与水平线的夹角即为内摩擦角。In the direct shear test, the sample is placed in a shear box, which is divided into upper and lower boxes on a horizontal plane, half of which is fixed, and the other half is pushed or pulled to produce horizontal displacement. A positive vertical load is applied to the upper section through a rigid loading cap. During the test, the vertical load is generally constant, and the horizontal shear load, horizontal displacement and vertical deformation of the sample can be measured. According to the area of the shear plane, the normal stress σ and the shear stress τ on the shear plane can be calculated. The strength envelope of the soil can be determined from the relationship between the normal stress σ and τ f at the time of failure. The intercept of the strength envelope is the cohesion c', and the angle between it and the horizontal line is the internal friction angle .
然而，这两种试验方法均有其局限性和缺点。三轴试验的缺点是试样的主应力σ2＝σ3，而实际上土体的受力状态未必都属于这种轴对称情况。直剪试验的缺点是剪切平面定义在上下方框之间的平面上，而不是沿土壤样本最薄弱的表面剪切。此外，对于泡沫改良土而言，由于泡沫会随着时间的变化而迅速衰变，破灭，从而导致泡沫改良土的物理力学性质发生改变。而三轴试验和直剪试验所需的时间较长，因此会导致测试出的内摩擦角和粘聚力数值与真实数值有较大差距。However, both test methods have their limitations and disadvantages. The disadvantage of the triaxial test is that the principal stress of the sample is σ 2 =σ 3 , but in fact the stress state of the soil may not all belong to this axisymmetric state. The disadvantage of the direct shear test is that the shear plane is defined in the plane between the upper and lower boxes, rather than shearing along the weakest surface of the soil sample. In addition, for the foam-improved soil, because the foam will rapidly decay and collapse with time, the physical and mechanical properties of the foam-improved soil will change. However, the triaxial test and direct shear test take a long time, so there will be a large gap between the measured internal friction angle and cohesion value and the real value.
因此，亟需一种测试泡沫改良土内摩擦角和粘聚力的新方法，以此来克服当前方法的缺点。Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method for testing the internal friction angle and cohesion of foam-improved soil, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the current method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为克服现有室内试验测定泡沫改良土内摩擦角和粘聚力的弊端，提供一种泡沫改良土真实内摩擦角和粘聚力的测试方法。该方法能够测试泡沫改良土在泡沫未衰变前的内摩擦角和粘聚力，同时避免因为直剪试验和三轴试验的缺陷导致的测试结果的不准，误差较小。In order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing laboratory tests for measuring the internal friction angle and cohesion of foam-improved soil, a method for testing the real internal friction angle and cohesion of foam-improved soil is provided. This method can test the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil before the foam decays, while avoiding the inaccurate test results caused by the defects of the direct shear test and the triaxial test, and the error is small.
为实现上述目的，本申请提供了一种泡沫改良土内摩擦角和粘聚力的测试方法，步骤包括：In order to achieve the above object, the application provides a method for testing the internal friction angle and cohesion of foam improved soil, the steps comprising:
选取待改良的渣土及改良用泡沫剂建立室内坍落度试验模型，得到实验结果，所述实验结果包括：泡沫改良土坍落度在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的变化规律；The dregs to be improved and the foam agent for improvement are selected to establish an indoor slump test model, and the experimental results are obtained. The experimental results include: the variation law of the slump of the foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios;
以拉普拉斯方程为理论基础，建立泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型；Based on the theory of Laplace equation, a particle-liquid bridge model of foam-improved soil is established;
根据所述变化规律，对宏观细观力学参数进行标定和调整，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的细观参数关系模型；According to the change law, the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical parameters are calibrated and adjusted, and the mesoscopic parameter relationship models under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios are obtained;
基于所述室内坍落度试验模型，将所述细观参数关系模型导入至所述泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型，得到最终模型；Based on the indoor slump test model, the mesoscopic parameter relationship model is imported into the foam improved soil particle liquid bridge model to obtain the final model;
利用所述最终模型进行模拟实验，得到模拟结果，将所述模拟结果与所述实验结果进行对比，得到泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。Using the final model to carry out a simulation experiment to obtain a simulation result, the simulation result is compared with the experimental result to obtain the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil.
优选的，利用所述泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型，通过分析泡沫改良土坍落过程中，颗粒间的各数值参数，计算颗粒之间的相互作用力，所述相互作用力包括：表面张力和基质吸力。Preferably, the particle liquid bridge model of the foam-improved soil is used to calculate the interaction force between the particles by analyzing the numerical parameters between the particles during the slump process of the foam-improved soil, and the interaction force includes: surface tension and matrix suction.
优选的，在进行所述标定和调整时，对各细观参数在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下分别进行参数拟合，获取泡沫改良土宏观参数与离散元模型细观参数之间的关系，进而得到泡沫改良土在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下坍落度的关系函数。Preferably, when performing the calibration and adjustment, parameter fitting is performed on each mesoscopic parameter at different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios, so as to obtain the relationship between the macroscopic parameters of the foam improved soil and the mesoscopic parameters of the discrete element model , and then get the relationship function of the slump of the foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios.
优选的，通过修改内摩擦角和粘聚力的数值，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比。Preferably, different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios are obtained by modifying the values of the internal friction angle and cohesion force.
优选的，将所述最终模型与所述实验结果进行对比，通过坍落度判断所述最终模型的准确性，若结果不吻合，则通过调整所述内摩擦角和所述粘聚力重新模拟，至结果吻合。Preferably, the final model is compared with the experimental results, and the accuracy of the final model is judged by the slump, if the results do not match, then re-simulation by adjusting the internal friction angle and the cohesion , until the results match.
本申请还提供了一种泡沫改良土内摩擦角和粘聚力的测试系统，包括：实验模块、构建模块、标定模块、导入模块和对比模块；The application also provides a test system for foam-improved soil internal friction angle and cohesion, including: an experiment module, a building module, a calibration module, an import module and a comparison module;
所述实验模块用于选取待改良的渣土及改良用泡沫剂建立室内坍落度试验模型，得到实验结果，所述实验结果包括：泡沫改良土坍落度在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的变化规律；The experimental module is used to select the dregs to be improved and the foam agent for improvement to establish an indoor slump test model to obtain the experimental results. The law of change under;
所述构建模块用于以拉普拉斯方程为理论基础，建立泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型；The building block is used to establish a foam-improved soil particle-liquid bridge model based on the Laplace equation;
所述标定模块用于根据所述变化规律，对宏观细观力学参数进行标定和调整，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的细观参数关系模型；The calibration module is used to calibrate and adjust the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical parameters according to the change rule, so as to obtain the mesoscopic parameter relationship models under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios;
所述导入模块用于基于所述室内坍落度试验模型，将所述细观参数关系模型导入至所述泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型，得到最终模型；The import module is used to import the mesoscopic parameter relationship model into the foam-improved soil particle liquid bridge model based on the indoor slump test model to obtain a final model;
所述对比模块用于利用所述最终模型进行模拟实验，得到模拟结果，将所述模拟结果与所述实验结果进行对比，得到泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。The comparison module is used to use the final model to conduct simulation experiments to obtain simulation results, and compare the simulation results with the experimental results to obtain the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil.
优选的，利用所述泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型，通过分析泡沫改良土坍落过程中，颗粒间的各数值参数，计算颗粒之间的相互作用力，所述相互作用力包括：表面张力和基质吸力。Preferably, the particle liquid bridge model of the foam-improved soil is used to calculate the interaction force between the particles by analyzing the numerical parameters between the particles during the slump process of the foam-improved soil, and the interaction force includes: surface tension and matrix suction.
优选的，所述标定模块的工作流程包括：对各细观参数在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下分别进行参数拟合，获取泡沫改良土宏观参数与离散元模型细观参数之间的关系，进而得到泡沫改良土在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下坍落度的关系函数。Preferably, the workflow of the calibration module includes: performing parameter fitting on each mesoscopic parameter under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios, and obtaining the relationship between the macroscopic parameters of the foam-improved soil and the microscopic parameters of the discrete element model , and then get the relationship function of the slump of the foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios.
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果如下：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:
本申请从细观尺度出发，开展不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比情况下泡沫改良土坍落度特性的数值模拟研究，建立渣土颗粒间液桥模型，计算颗粒间静态液桥力，模拟泡沫改良土坍落过程，并与室内试验的结果进行对比，进而推断泡沫改良土内摩擦角和粘聚力值，完善泡沫改良土理论模型和数值分析方法。Starting from the mesoscopic scale, this application conducts numerical simulation research on the slump characteristics of foam-improved soil under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios, establishes a liquid bridge model between dregs and soil particles, calculates the static liquid bridge force between particles, and simulates foam The slump process of the improved soil is compared with the results of the laboratory test, and then the internal friction angle and cohesion value of the foam-improved soil are inferred, and the theoretical model and numerical analysis method of the foam-improved soil are improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，下面对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. Technical personnel can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1为本申请实施例的方法流程示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of the method of the embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例模拟的所用标准砂级配图；Fig. 2 is the used standard sand gradation diagram of the simulation of the embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例涉及的颗粒液桥模型；Fig. 3 is the particle liquid bridge model involved in the embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例的试验和模拟得到的结果对比图；Fig. 4 is the result comparison figure that the test of the embodiment of the present application and simulation obtain;
图5为本申请实施例的系统结构示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and comprehensible, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
实施例一Embodiment one
如图1所示，为本申请实施例的方法流程示意图。As shown in FIG. 1 , it is a schematic flow chart of the method in the embodiment of the present application.
首先，选取待改良的渣土及改良用泡沫剂建立室内坍落度试验模型，得到实验结果，实验结果包括：泡沫改良土坍落度在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的变化规律。First, the dregs to be improved and the foam agent for improvement were selected to establish an indoor slump test model, and the experimental results were obtained. The experimental results include: the variation law of the slump of the foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios.
本实施例采用中国ISO标准砂，砂的级配曲线如图2所示，通过发泡装置制备泡沫膨胀率(FIR)为20的泡沫，利用坍落度试验装置开展泡沫改良土室内坍落度试验，建立室内坍落度试验模型，得到实验结果。In this example, the Chinese ISO standard sand is used. The gradation curve of the sand is shown in Figure 2. A foam with a foam expansion ratio (FIR) of 20 is prepared by a foaming device, and the foam is used to improve the indoor slump of the soil by using the slump test device. Experiment, establish the indoor slump test model, and get the experimental results.
之后，以拉普拉斯方程为理论基础，建立泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型。Afterwards, based on the Laplace equation, a particle-liquid bridge model of foam-improved soil was established.
泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型通过分析泡沫改良土坍落过程中，颗粒间的各数值参数，计算颗粒之间的相互作用力，所述相互作用力包括：表面张力和基质吸力。根据液桥模型的颗粒间液桥的各个参数计算颗粒间的液桥力。The particle liquid bridge model of foam-improved soil calculates the interaction force between particles by analyzing the numerical parameters between particles during the slump process of foam-improved soil, and the interaction force includes: surface tension and matrix suction. The liquid bridge force between particles is calculated according to the various parameters of the liquid bridge between particles in the liquid bridge model.
液桥是连接固体表面的一段液体，并在固体表面产生液桥力。液桥力虽然微弱，但是会对固体散货颗粒群的水力特性产生较大影响。同时，液桥能否在两颗粒间稳定存在是液桥动力学行为研究的基础。A liquid bridge is a segment of liquid that connects a solid surface and generates a liquid bridge force on the solid surface. Although the liquid bridge force is weak, it will have a great influence on the hydraulic characteristics of the solid bulk particle group. At the same time, whether the liquid bridge can exist stably between two particles is the basis of the research on the dynamic behavior of the liquid bridge.
如图3所示，以相互作用的土颗粒液桥模型为研究对象，毛细管压力(即基质吸力)表示为：As shown in Fig. 3, taking the interacting soil particle-liquid bridge model as the research object, the capillary pressure (ie matrix suction) is expressed as:
其中，γ是气液交界面的表面张力；C是液桥的平均曲率；在笛卡尔坐标中，气液交界面曲率半径r1和r2可表示为：Among them, γ is the surface tension of the gas-liquid interface; C is the average curvature of the liquid bridge; in Cartesian coordinates, the curvature radii r 1 and r 2 of the gas-liquid interface can be expressed as:
其中，y(x)代表液-气界面曲线的轮廓；y'(x)是y(x)关于x的一阶导数；y”(x)是y(x)关于x的二阶导数，x轴与液桥的对称轴重合，穿过连接固体颗粒的中心；x1和x2为固-液-气界面的三相接触处的x坐标，相应的弯液面体积Vm和颗粒间距离D可表示为：Among them, y(x) represents the profile of the liquid-gas interface curve; y'(x) is the first derivative of y(x) with respect to x; y"(x) is the second derivative of y(x) with respect to x, x axis coincides with the axis of symmetry of the liquid bridge, passing through the center of the connecting solid particles; x1 and x2 are the x-coordinates of the three-phase contact at the solid-liquid-gas interface, the corresponding meniscus volume V m and the interparticle distance D can be expressed as:
D＝R2(1-acos(x2))+x2+R1(1-acos(x1))-x1 D＝R 2 (1-acos(x 2 ))+x 2 +R 1 (1-acos(x 1 ))-x 1
其中，R1和R2分别为两个固体颗粒的半径；a是无量纲电导系数。Among them, R 1 and R 2 are the radii of two solid particles respectively; a is the dimensionless conductance coefficient.
由表面张力和基质吸力引起的颗粒间作用力为：The interparticle forces due to surface tension and matrix suction are:
其中，y0是与轮廓顶点对应的颈部半径，Δu与毛细管双态构型之间的关系可以用非线性耦合方程组表示。基于此，液桥控制模型(泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型)可表示为以下函数：where y0 is the neck radius corresponding to the apex of the contour, and the relationship between Δu and the two-state configuration of the capillary can be expressed by a system of nonlinear coupling equations. Based on this, the liquid bridge control model (foam improved soil particle liquid bridge model) can be expressed as the following function:
其中，表示Δu和D与毛细管双态构型之间的非线性耦合方程组。in, represents the system of nonlinear coupling equations between Δu and D and the two-state configuration of the capillary.
此后，根据变化规律，对宏观细观力学参数进行标定和调整，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的细观参数关系模型。Afterwards, according to the change rule, the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical parameters were calibrated and adjusted, and the mesoscopic parameter relationship models under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios were obtained.
利用离散元软件yade对宏观细观力学参数进行标定和调整，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的细观参数关系模型。The discrete element software yade is used to calibrate and adjust the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical parameters, and obtain the mesoscopic parameter relationship model under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios.
定义颗粒间液桥模型计算参数，包括：表面张力γ，气液交界面曲率半径r1和r2液-气界面曲线的轮廓y(x)，重力加速度g等。计算参数标定后，计算由表面张力和基质吸力引起的颗粒间作用力，将颗粒间液作用力和颗粒重力代入牛顿公式，计算得到每个颗粒的运动轨迹。Define the calculation parameters of the interparticle liquid bridge model, including: surface tension γ, the curvature radius r 1 and r 2 of the liquid-air interface curve y(x), the acceleration of gravity g, etc. After the calculation parameters are calibrated, the interparticle force caused by surface tension and matrix suction is calculated, and the interparticle fluid force and particle gravity are substituted into Newton's formula to calculate the trajectory of each particle.
在上述步骤完成之后，基于室内坍落度试验模型，将细观参数关系模型导入至泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型，得到最终模型。After the above steps are completed, based on the indoor slump test model, the mesoscopic parameter relationship model is imported into the foam-improved soil particle-liquid bridge model to obtain the final model.
最后，利用最终模型进行模拟实验，得到模拟结果，将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比，得到泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。Finally, the final model is used to carry out simulation experiments, and the simulation results are obtained. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil are obtained.
通过修改内摩擦角和粘聚力的数值来实现对泡沫发泡倍率和泡沫注入比的修改，实现对泡沫改良土在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下坍落过程的模拟。将模拟的得到的坍落度值与室内坍落度试验得到的值进行对比吻合，推断出泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。结果对比如图4所示。The foam expansion ratio and foam injection ratio can be modified by modifying the values of internal friction angle and cohesion, and the simulation of the slump process of foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios can be realized. By comparing the simulated slump value with the indoor slump test, the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil can be deduced. The comparison of the results is shown in Figure 4.
实施例二Embodiment two
如图5所示，为本申请实施例系统结构示意图，包括：实验模块、构建模块、标定模块、导入模块和对比模块。其中，实验模块用于选取待改良的渣土及改良用泡沫剂建立室内坍落度试验模型，得到实验结果，实验结果包括：泡沫改良土坍落度在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的变化规律；构建模块用于以拉普拉斯方程为理论基础，建立泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型；标定模块用于根据变化规律，对宏观细观力学参数进行标定和调整，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的细观参数关系模型；导入模块用于基于室内坍落度试验模型，将细观参数关系模型导入至泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型，得到最终模型；对比模块用于利用最终模型进行模拟实验，得到模拟结果，将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比，得到泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。As shown in FIG. 5 , it is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the embodiment of the present application, including: an experiment module, a construction module, a calibration module, an import module and a comparison module. Among them, the experimental module is used to select the muck to be improved and the foam agent for improvement to establish the indoor slump test model, and obtain the experimental results. The experimental results include: the slump of the foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios Change law; the construction module is used to establish the liquid bridge model of foam-improved soil particles based on the Laplace equation; the calibration module is used to calibrate and adjust the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical parameters according to the change law to obtain different foaming ratios and the mesoscopic parameter relationship model under the foam injection ratio; the import module is used to import the mesoscopic parameter relationship model into the foam-improved soil particle liquid bridge model based on the indoor slump test model to obtain the final model; the comparison module is used to use the final The model is simulated to obtain the simulation results, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results to obtain the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil.
下面将结合本实施例，详细说明本申请如何解决实际生活中的技术问题。In the following, in conjunction with this embodiment, how this application solves technical problems in real life will be described in detail.
首先，利用实验模块选取待改良的渣土及改良用泡沫剂建立室内坍落度试验模型，得到实验结果，实验结果包括：泡沫改良土坍落度在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的变化规律。First, use the experimental module to select the muck to be improved and the foam agent for improvement to establish an indoor slump test model, and obtain the experimental results. The experimental results include: the change of the slump of the foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios law.
本实施例采用中国ISO标准砂，砂的级配曲线如图2所示，通过发泡装置制备泡沫膨胀率(FIR)为20的泡沫，利用坍落度试验装置开展泡沫改良土室内坍落度试验，建立室内坍落度试验模型，得到实验结果。In this example, the Chinese ISO standard sand is used. The gradation curve of the sand is shown in Figure 2. A foam with a foam expansion ratio (FIR) of 20 is prepared by a foaming device, and the foam is used to improve the indoor slump of the soil by using the slump test device. Experiment, establish the indoor slump test model, and get the experimental results.
之后，构建模块以拉普拉斯方程为理论基础，建立泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型。Afterwards, the building block is based on the Laplace equation to establish a liquid bridge model of foam-improved soil particles.
泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型通过分析泡沫改良土坍落过程中，颗粒间的各数值参数，计算颗粒之间的相互作用力，所述相互作用力包括：表面张力和基质吸力。根据液桥模型的颗粒间液桥的各个参数计算颗粒间的液桥力。The particle liquid bridge model of foam-improved soil calculates the interaction force between particles by analyzing the numerical parameters between particles during the slump process of foam-improved soil, and the interaction force includes: surface tension and matrix suction. The liquid bridge force between particles is calculated according to the various parameters of the liquid bridge between particles in the liquid bridge model.
液桥是连接固体表面的一段液体，并在固体表面产生液桥力。液桥力虽然微弱，但是会对固体散货颗粒群的水力特性产生较大影响。同时，液桥能否在两颗粒间稳定存在是液桥动力学行为研究的基础。A liquid bridge is a segment of liquid that connects a solid surface and generates a liquid bridge force on the solid surface. Although the liquid bridge force is weak, it will have a great influence on the hydraulic characteristics of the solid bulk particle group. At the same time, whether the liquid bridge can exist stably between two particles is the basis of the research on the dynamic behavior of the liquid bridge.
如图3所示，以相互作用的土颗粒液桥模型为研究对象，毛细管压力(即基质吸力)表示为：As shown in Fig. 3, taking the interacting soil particle-liquid bridge model as the research object, the capillary pressure (ie matrix suction) is expressed as:
其中，γ是气液交界面的表面张力；C是液桥的平均曲率；在笛卡尔坐标中，气液交界面曲率半径r1和r2可表示为：Among them, γ is the surface tension of the gas-liquid interface; C is the average curvature of the liquid bridge; in Cartesian coordinates, the curvature radii r 1 and r 2 of the gas-liquid interface can be expressed as:
其中，y(x)代表液-气界面曲线的轮廓；y'(x)是y(x)关于x的一阶导数；y”(x)是y(x)关于x的二阶导数，x轴与液桥的对称轴重合，穿过连接固体颗粒的中心；x1和x2为固-液-气界面的三相接触处的x坐标，相应的弯液面体积Vm和颗粒间距离D可表示为：Among them, y(x) represents the profile of the liquid-gas interface curve; y'(x) is the first derivative of y(x) with respect to x; y"(x) is the second derivative of y(x) with respect to x, x axis coincides with the axis of symmetry of the liquid bridge, passing through the center of the connecting solid particles; x1 and x2 are the x-coordinates of the three-phase contact at the solid-liquid-gas interface, the corresponding meniscus volume V m and the interparticle distance D can be expressed as:
D＝R2(1-acos(x2))+x2+R1(1-acos(x1))-x1 D＝R 2 (1-acos(x 2 ))+x 2 +R 1 (1-acos(x 1 ))-x 1
其中，R1和R2分别为两个固体颗粒的半径；a是无量纲电导系数。Among them, R 1 and R 2 are the radii of two solid particles respectively; a is the dimensionless conductance coefficient.
由表面张力和基质吸力引起的颗粒间作用力为：The interparticle forces due to surface tension and matrix suction are:
其中，y0是与轮廓顶点对应的颈部半径，Δu与毛细管双态构型之间的关系可以用非线性耦合方程组表示。基于此，液桥控制模型(泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型)可表示为以下函数：where y0 is the neck radius corresponding to the apex of the contour, and the relationship between Δu and the two-state configuration of the capillary can be expressed by a system of nonlinear coupling equations. Based on this, the liquid bridge control model (foam improved soil particle liquid bridge model) can be expressed as the following function:
其中，表示Δu和D与毛细管双态构型之间的非线性耦合方程组。in, represents the system of nonlinear coupling equations between Δu and D and the two-state configuration of the capillary.
此后，根据变化规律，对宏观细观力学参数进行标定和调整，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的细观参数关系模型。Afterwards, according to the change rule, the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical parameters were calibrated and adjusted, and the mesoscopic parameter relationship models under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios were obtained.
利用离散元软件yade对宏观细观力学参数进行标定和调整，得到不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下的细观参数关系模型。The discrete element software yade is used to calibrate and adjust the macroscopic and mesoscopic mechanical parameters, and obtain the mesoscopic parameter relationship model under different foaming ratios and foam injection ratios.
定义颗粒间液桥模型计算参数，包括：表面张力γ，曲率半径r1和r2液-气界面曲线的轮廓y(x)，重力加速度g等。计算参数标定后，计算由表面张力和基质吸力引起的颗粒间作用力，将颗粒间液作用力和颗粒重力代入牛顿公式，计算得到每个颗粒的运动轨迹。Define the calculation parameters of the interparticle liquid bridge model, including: surface tension γ, curvature radii r 1 and r 2 , profile y(x) of the liquid-gas interface curve, acceleration of gravity g, etc. After the calculation parameters are calibrated, the interparticle force caused by surface tension and matrix suction is calculated, and the interparticle fluid force and particle gravity are substituted into Newton's formula to calculate the trajectory of each particle.
在上述步骤完成之后，导入模块基于室内坍落度试验模型，将细观参数关系模型导入至泡沫改良土颗粒液桥模型，得到最终模型。After the above steps are completed, based on the indoor slump test model, the import module imports the mesoscopic parameter relationship model into the foam-improved soil particle-liquid bridge model to obtain the final model.
最后，对比模块利用最终模型进行模拟实验，得到模拟结果，将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比，得到泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。Finally, the comparison module uses the final model to conduct simulation experiments to obtain simulation results, and compares the simulation results with the experimental results to obtain the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil.
通过修改内摩擦角和粘聚力的数值来实现对泡沫发泡倍率和泡沫注入比的修改，实现对泡沫改良土在不同发泡倍率和泡沫注入比下坍落过程的模拟。将模拟的得到的坍落度值与室内坍落度试验得到的值进行对比吻合，推断出泡沫改良土的内摩擦角和粘聚力。结果对比如图4所示。The foam expansion ratio and foam injection ratio can be modified by modifying the values of internal friction angle and cohesion, and the simulation of the slump process of foam-improved soil under different expansion ratios and foam injection ratios can be realized. By comparing the simulated slump value with the indoor slump test, the internal friction angle and cohesion of the foam-improved soil can be deduced. The comparison of the results is shown in Figure 4.
以上所述的实施例仅是对本申请优选方式进行的描述，并非对本申请的范围进行限定，在不脱离本申请设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本申请的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本申请权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only a description of the preferred mode of the application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Variations and improvements should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present application.
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