CN116693041A - Magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland device - Google Patents
Magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116693041A CN116693041A CN202310895078.3A CN202310895078A CN116693041A CN 116693041 A CN116693041 A CN 116693041A CN 202310895078 A CN202310895078 A CN 202310895078A CN 116693041 A CN116693041 A CN 116693041A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
- C02F1/481—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using permanent magnets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland device, which comprises a water storage unit, a water supply unit, a constructed wetland unit, a biological membrane unit and a magnetic field reinforced generation device, wherein the constructed wetland unit comprises an organic glass wetland tank body, one side of the constructed wetland unit is provided with a water inlet near the upper part, and the other side is provided with a water outlet near the bottom part; a sieve pore baffle plate is arranged between the biomembrane unit and the constructed wetland unit; a filler layer is arranged in the constructed wetland unit; the water storage unit comprises a water storage barrel and a first pipeline used for connecting the water storage barrel, and the water storage barrel is connected with the water outlet through the first pipeline; the water supply unit comprises a submersible pump and a second pipeline used for connecting the submersible pump, and the submersible pump is connected with the water inlet through the second pipeline; the magnetic field strengthening generating device comprises ferrite permanent magnets which are uniformly distributed in the organic glass wetland tank body. The application is embedded into the constructed wetland system by using the permanent magnetic field, has low cost, no secondary pollution and strong environmental adaptability, and has market popularization value.
Description
Technical Field
The application mainly relates to the technical field of domestic sewage purification, in particular to a magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland device.
Background
The constructed wetland is widely applied due to good ecological properties, and the removal of pollutants by the constructed wetland mainly depends on the synergistic effect of matrixes, microorganisms, plants and the like. However, in the application process, a plurality of problems are also exposed, including the problems of easy influence of climate and temperature, reduced oxygen content of water body after long-time operation, easy blockage of matrix and the like, and the problems influence the purification effect of the constructed wetland on sewage to a certain extent.
The research on the constructed wetland is now developed towards how to improve the ecological purification efficiency of the constructed wetland, and the vertical flow constructed wetland can be applied to rural decentralized sewage treatment devices due to the characteristics of higher efficiency, small occupied area and the like, and the magnetic field effect with proper strength is beneficial to enhancing the activity of microorganisms in the constructed wetland, improving the adsorption capacity of matrix fillers, increasing the biomass of plants and the like, and enhancing the pollutant removal effect.
However, the existing vertical flow constructed wetland still has the defects that the following problems are mainly existed:
(1) The pollutant removal time is long, and the effluent quality is unstable;
(2) The adsorption capacity of the matrix filler is not strong;
(3) The microbial activity is obvious along with the environmental change, and the activity is obviously weaker at low temperature, so that the quality of the effluent is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the present application aims to provide a magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland device, which is used for solving the technical problems set forth in the above background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the magnetic field strengthening vertical flow constructed wetland device comprises a water storage unit, a water supply unit, a constructed wetland unit, a biological membrane unit and a magnetic field strengthening generation device, wherein the constructed wetland unit comprises an organic glass wetland tank body, one side of the organic glass wetland tank body is provided with a water inlet near the upper part, and the other side of the organic glass wetland tank body is provided with a water outlet near the bottom part;
the biological membrane unit is positioned at one side of the organic glass wetland tank body close to the water inlet, the artificial wetland unit is positioned at one side of the organic glass wetland tank body close to the water outlet, and a sieve pore baffle is arranged between the biological membrane unit and the artificial wetland unit;
a filler layer is arranged in the constructed wetland unit;
the water storage unit comprises a water storage barrel and a first pipeline used for connecting the water storage barrel, and the water storage barrel is connected with the water outlet through the first pipeline;
the water supply unit comprises a submersible pump and a second pipeline used for connecting the submersible pump, wherein the submersible pump is arranged in the water storage barrel and is connected with the water inlet through the second pipeline;
the magnetic field strengthening generation device comprises ferrite permanent magnets which are uniformly distributed in the organic glass wetland tank body.
Preferably, the thickness of the organic glass plate of the organic glass wetland tank body is 10mm, and the length, width and height dimensions of the organic glass wetland tank body are 600 multiplied by 400 multiplied by 500mm respectively.
Preferably, the height of the water inlet is 480mm away from the bottom of the organic glass wetland tank body.
Preferably, the biomembrane unit consists of an YDT elastic fiber and a sponge filled in a biomembrane ball with the diameter of 50 mm.
Preferably, the packing layer comprises gravel with the diameter of 6-9mm and ceramsite with the diameter of 4-6mm, which are alternately filled in an up-down and left-right mode in equal proportion, the filling thickness is 230mm, and the void ratio of the packing layer is 41%.
Preferably, the ferrite permanent magnets are 12 in total and are arranged in a plurality of rows, 4 rows are arranged in total, and 3 blocks are arranged in each row.
In summary, the application has the following advantages:
the embedded magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland reactor is constructed, the biological activity of the object is improved by utilizing the magnetic field effect with proper strength, the adsorption capacity of the filler is increased, the pollutant purifying efficiency of the vertical flow constructed wetland is improved, and meanwhile, the embedded magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland reactor is embedded into a constructed wetland system by utilizing a permanent magnetic field, so that the embedded magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland reactor has the advantages of low cost, no secondary pollution, strong environmental adaptability and market popularization value.
Secondly, the microstructure of the wet land filling gravel and ceramsite is changed, the porosity and the adsorption area are obviously increased, the pollutant adsorption rate and microorganism adhesion rate can be effectively improved, part of the microstructure is rearranged under the action of a magnetic field, and the scanning result of an electron microscope is shown in the results of figures 2-5.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an M-VFCW reactor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a gravel surface without magnetic field enhancement;
FIG. 3 is a deep representation of gravel without magnetic field strengthening;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a gravel surface after magnetic field enhancement;
FIG. 5 is a deep representation of gravel after magnetic field enhancement;
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a CK reactor without the addition of a magnetic plate;
FIG. 7 is a cloud of reactor magnetic field distributions;
FIG. 8 is a cloud of reactor magnetic field (> 5 mT) distribution;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing magnetic field parameter optimization scheme, optimization scheme geometric model and simulation results (a, b, c);
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the magnetic field parameter optimization scheme, the optimization scheme geometric model and simulation results (d, e);
FIG. 11 is a cloud of magnetic induction distributions in different planes;
FIG. 12 is a cloud of magnetic induction distributions of different cross-sections;
FIG. 13 is a bar graph showing the removal effect of M-VFCW on COD;
FIG. 14 is a bar graph showing the removal effect of M-VFCW (O) on COD;
FIG. 15M-VFCW vs. NH 4 + -the removal effect of N shows a histogram;
FIG. 16M-VFCW (O) vs. NH 4 + -the removal effect of N shows a histogram;
FIG. 17 is a bar graph showing the removal effect of M-VFCW on TP;
FIG. 18 is a bar graph showing the removal effect of M-VFCW (O) on TP;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of M-VFCW versus PO 4 3- -the removal effect of P shows a histogram;
FIG. 20 is a plot of M-VFCW (O) versus PO 4 3- -the removal effect of P shows a histogram;
FIG. 21 is a diagram showing colony structure of microorganisms at the gate level in CK, M-VFCW (O);
FIG. 22 is a thermal diagram of the microbial community structure of CK, M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O).
Description of the embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the application.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, the magnetic field reinforced vertical flow constructed wetland device provided by the application comprises a water storage unit, a water supply unit, a constructed wetland unit, a biological film unit and a magnetic field reinforced generation device, wherein the constructed wetland unit comprises an organic glass wetland cell body, the thickness of an organic glass plate of the organic glass wetland cell body is 10mm, the length, width and height of the organic glass wetland cell body are respectively 600 multiplied by 400 multiplied by 500mm, a water inlet is arranged at one side of the organic glass wetland cell body, the position of the water inlet is 480mm away from the bottom of the organic glass wetland cell body, and a water outlet is arranged at the other side of the organic glass wetland cell body, which is close to the bottom;
the biological film unit is formed by filling YDT elastic fiber and sponge into a biological film ball with the diameter of 50mm, the biological film unit is positioned on one side of the organic glass wetland tank body close to the water inlet, the artificial wetland unit is positioned on one side of the organic glass wetland tank body close to the water outlet, a sieve pore partition plate is arranged between the biological film unit and the artificial wetland unit, the width of the biological film unit is 170mm, and the width of the artificial wetland unit at the rear end is 400mm;
the constructed wetland unit is internally provided with a filler layer, the filler layer comprises gravel with the diameter of 6-9mm and ceramsite with the diameter of 4-6mm, the gravel is filled alternately in an up-down and left-right equal proportion, the filling thickness is 230mm, and the void ratio of the filler layer is 41%;
the water storage unit comprises a water storage barrel and a first pipeline used for connecting the water storage barrel, and the water storage barrel is connected with the water outlet through the first pipeline;
the water supply unit comprises a submersible pump and a second pipeline used for connecting the submersible pump, and the submersible pump is arranged in the water storage barrel and is connected with the water inlet through the second pipeline;
the magnetic field strengthening generation device comprises ferrite permanent magnets, the performance grade is Y30BH, relevant specification parameters are shown in table 1, the ferrite permanent magnets are uniformly distributed in the organic glass wetland tank body, the total number of the ferrite permanent magnets is 12, the ferrite permanent magnets are arranged in a plurality of rows, 4 rows are arranged in total, 3 blocks are respectively arranged in each row, and the ferrite permanent magnets are respectively distributed at positions with the length of 32cm and 46cm and the positions with moderate heights. The test water is lifted into the device through the submersible pump, pretreated through the biological membrane unit, and then flows into the artificial wetland unit at the rear end through the sieve pore partition plate, so that the test water is circularly reciprocated, wherein the water quality parameters of the water are shown in Table 2 in detail.
| Parameters (parameters) | Size (mm) | Residual magnetic flux density Br (mT) | Operating point magnetic flux density Bd (mT) | Magnetic field strength Hd (KA/m) | Relative permeability of |
| Value of | 150×100×6 | 391.15 | 200.42 | 147.4272 | 1.08 |
| Index (I) | COD（mg·L -1 ） | （NH 4 + -N）（mg·L -1 ） | （TP）（mg·L -1 ） | （PO 4 3- -P）（mg·L -1 ） |
| Concentration range | 48.78~558.00 | 10.92~75.61 | 0.89~6.42 | 0.83~5.89 |
| Average value of | 257.47 | 40.90 | 3.60 | 3.24 |
According to the above description, the experimental contents in this embodiment are as follows:
materials and methods
1.1 test device design and operation
Referring to fig. 1, 6, 7 and 8, in order to investigate the effect of magnetic field on the pollutant removal performance of the vertical flow constructed wetland, two sets of reactors were experimentally designed, a control group (CK) and a magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland (M-VFCW), respectively. The two sets of reactors are made of organic glass with the thickness of 10mm and the size of 600 multiplied by 400 multiplied by 500mm, a water inlet is arranged at the position of 48cm of the left side of the device, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the device, and the water inlet is connected with a water storage barrel; the width of the biomembrane unit is 170mm, the width of the artificial wetland at the rear end is 400mm, and the biomembrane unit and the artificial wetland unit are separated by a sieve pore partition board. The biomembrane unit is formed by filling YDT elastic fiber and sponge into biomembrane balls with the diameter of 50 mm. The constructed wetland filler is gravel (diameter is 6-9 mm) and ceramsite (diameter is 4-6 mm), the constructed wetland filler is alternately filled up, down, left and right in equal proportion, the filling thickness is 230mm, and the void ratio of the wetland unit filler layer is 41%; in the M-VFCW reactor, the magnetic field intensified generating device selects a ferrite permanent magnet, the performance grade is Y30BH, and related specification parameters are shown in table 1; the total of 6 blocks are divided into two rows, each row of 3 blocks is respectively arranged at the position with the length of 32cm and 46cm, the height from the bottom of the reactor is 17.5cm, test water enters the device through the submerged pump, is pretreated by the biological membrane unit, flows into the artificial wetland unit at the rear end through the sieve pore partition plate, and circularly reciprocates, wherein the water quality parameters of the water entering the device are shown in Table 2 in detail, the test operation is carried out for 30 days after the test device is built, and the test is started after the system stably operates.
1.2 magnetic field simulation software
The sewage treatment effect of the magnetic field enhanced constructed wetland can be judged by monitoring the water quality of water entering and exiting the magnetic field enhanced constructed wetland, but the distribution condition of the magnetic field in the device is difficult to clearly and accurately know, so that the magnetic field parameters can be conveniently optimized and adjusted for more intuitively knowing the distribution of the magnetic field in the reactor, the magnetic field in the reactor is solved by adopting a finite element method, and the COMOSOL Multiphysics software is utilized to perform three-dimensional steady-state magnetic field simulation on the magnetic field enhanced constructed wetland device. COMSOL Multiphysics is a general multi-physical-field finite element simulation software, can simulate the magnetic field in the artificial wetland reactor simply and accurately, can obtain the magnetic field intensity of each point in the reactor, is displayed in a chart form, and is widely used for magnetic field simulation calculation.
1.3 test design and index determination
The test water is the living sewage, the fluctuation of the water quality is relatively large, the designed test water quantity is 75L, the test period is 3d, the water sampling interval of the wetland system is 1d, and the COD and NH of the wetland system are monitored 4 + -N、TP、PO 4 3- -removal effect of P. And after each test period is finished, evacuating the water in the device, and replacing domestic sewage for continuous test. The determination of the water quality index adopts a standard method, and the determination of the COD concentration adopts a rapid digestion spectrophotometry; ammonia Nitrogen (NH) 4 + -N) concentration determination using a nalyte reagent spectrophotometry; the total phosphorus and normal phosphorus concentration are measured by adopting an ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry. All experimental data are presented as mean and standard deviation of triplicate, and data are analyzed and plotted for correlation using SPSS 26 and Origin Pro, with p < 0.01 as the significance level.
1.4 Matrix sampling and microbial community analysis
In order to explore the response condition of the microbial community structural characteristics in different artificial wetlands to a magnetic field and the change condition of matrix fillers, after the last test period is finished, a biological film unit and the artificial wetland unit are respectively sampled, the biological film unit adopts three depths of biological film fillers in the table (5 cm), the medium (25 cm) and the depth (45 cm) and uniformly mixes, the matrix fillers in different filler areas and depths of the artificial wetland unit are collected, and the fillers in the same depth are uniformly mixed. The filler was sampled, sealed into sterile bags and stored at low temperature, and then sent to the external inspection company for SEM characterization. The surface of the filler was thoroughly washed with pure water, the rinse solution was loaded into a centrifuge tube, and the centrifuge tube was centrifuged at high speed to retain a base solution, which was sealed and then refrigerated to the proc detection company (guangzhou, china) for MiSeq high throughput sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform.
2 results and discussion
2.1 magnetic field simulation and parameter optimization
2.1.1 M-VFCW magnetic field simulation results
In order to more intuitively understand the distribution situation of the magnetic field in the whole wetland system, the COMSOL software is utilized to simulate the magnetic field of the M-VFCW, a three-dimensional model of the reactor is established through a geometric module of the software, the magnetic field in the COMSOL and the physical field without current are adopted, the magnetic field distribution of the constructed wetland unit is solved, and the external conditions adopt a default value, namely the temperature T=293.15K and the absolute pressure PA=1 atm (1 atm=100 kPa). In order to ensure the simulation accuracy and reduce the time of each simulation, a default physical field is adopted to control grid division, the total number of grids is 235640, the magnetic induction intensity (magnetic field intensity) distribution cloud diagram in the reactor geometric model is shown in fig. 7 and 8, the magnetic field intensity on the surface of the magnetic plate is about 13.4mT (10.5-18.4 mT), and the magnetic field intensity is more intense along with the increase of the magnetic plate distance. As seen from fig. 7, the magnetic field distribution in the reactor was uneven, and the magnetic field intensity was attenuated to 5mT at about 7.5cm from the magnetic plate in the horizontal direction; in the vertical direction, the magnetic field strength at the edge of the wetland is attenuated to about 1 mT. According to fig. 8, the wetland area with the magnetic field strength greater than 5mT accounts for about 30% of the whole constructed wetland unit. Related studies have shown that magnetic field strengths not less than 5mT have a more pronounced effect on wastewater treatment processes. The magnetic field intensity of the whole constructed wetland unit ranges from 0.2 to 22.6mT, and the average magnetic field intensity is about 3mT. There is therefore a need for optimizing the magnetic field parameters of M-VFCW to make the magnetic field distribution more uniform and to enhance the average magnetic field strength in the wetland.
2.1.2 magnetic field parameter optimization and simulation result analysis
Based on the analysis of the simulation result of 2.1.1, in order to make the magnetic field distribution of the wetland unit of the M-VFCW more uniform, the region with the magnetic field intensity larger than 5mT is increased, and meanwhile, the magnetic field intensity is properly enhanced, so that the optimal magnetic field distribution is achieved by reasonable arrangement modes of magnetic plates or changing the number of the magnetic plates. For the magnetic field parameters of the M-VFCW, five schemes of a, b, c, d, e are provided, and the scheme details are shown in figures 9 and 10:
modeling simulation analysis is carried out one by one aiming at the optimization scheme; the external parameter conditions in the optimization simulation process are the same as the M-VFCW simulation conditions, and in order to ensure the accuracy of the simulation and reduce the two-point time of each simulation, the default physical field control grid division is adopted, and the number of grids is 2333995, 224295, 256352, 280881 and 274167 respectively. The simulation results of the schemes a-b are shown in fig. 9, wherein the number of magnetic plates of the schemes a and b is unchanged, only the arrangement positions of the schemes a and b are changed, and the area ratio of the magnetic field strength larger than 5mT is reduced compared with that of M-VFCW; the simulation results of the schemes c, d and e are shown in fig. 9 and 10, the number of magnetic plates is increased to 12, and three arrangement forms are provided, and the results show that the area ratio of the magnetic field strength larger than 5mT is increased, and the ratio of the scheme e is 74%, so that the scheme e is selected as a final optimization scheme;
for further analysis of the magnetic field distribution and intensity contrast of scheme e and M-VFCW, magnetic induction intensity distribution cloud maps of different planes (5 cm, 20cm, 45 cm), cross sections (25 cm, 40cm, 55 cm) were taken, respectively, see FIGS. 11 and 12;
the magnetic field distribution of scheme e is obviously better than that of M-VFCW, but still has the problem of intense magnetic field intensity attenuation, which may be related to the material and characteristic parameters of the magnetic plate, and in scheme e, the magnetic field intensity is attenuated to 5mT when the magnetic plate is 8cm away from the magnetic plate in the horizontal direction; in the vertical direction, the magnetic field intensity of the wetland edge is attenuated to about 3mT, wherein the magnetic field intensity at 8 vertex angles of the wetland unit is the weakest, and is about 0.4-3.9 mT;
the area with the magnetic field strength larger than 5mT accounts for 74% of the whole wetland area, the magnetic field strength of the constructed wetland unit ranges from 0.4 mT to 23.5mT, the average magnetic field strength is 8mT, and the constructed wetland unit is remarkably improved compared with M-VFCW. The analysis shows that the magnetic field parameter optimizing effect of the scheme e is remarkable;
experiments prove that the region with the magnetic field strength greater than 5mT in the constructed wetland region accounts for 74% of the whole wetland region, the magnetic field strength of the constructed wetland unit ranges from 0.4 mT to 23.5mT, the average magnetic field strength is 8mT, and the magnetic field strength and the magnetic field distribution generated by the above magnetic pole arrangement mode have the optimal effect on the efficiency improvement of the constructed wetland.
In this embodiment, according to the experimental results, in order to explore the efficiency comparison analysis of the constructed wetland before and after the optimization of the magnetic field parameters, for the selected optimization scheme e, a corresponding magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland reactor M-VFCW (O) is constructed, the structure and matrix filler of which are identical to those of the M-VFCW shown in FIG. 1, and meanwhile, an aeration pipe is additionally arranged in the constructed wetland unit to provide an oxygen-enriched environment for the wetland, and the schematic diagram of the reactor is shown in FIG. 6;
2.2 effects of removal of contaminants before and after optimization of magnetic field parameters
2.2.1 pair COD and NH 4 + -N removal effect
When the COD concentration of the inflow water is 48.78-442.75 mg/L and the treatment time is 3d, the average removal rate of the M-VFCW to the COD is 63.77 percent, which is improved by 12.22 percent compared with the removal rate (51.55 percent) of the conventional constructed wetland (CK) to the COD, as shown in FIG. 13, the fact that the 3mT magnetic field can obviously improve the removal rate of the constructed wetland to the COD (p is less than 0.01) is shown. When the COD concentration of the inflow water of the system is 107.5-5538 mg/L, the removal rate of the M-VFCW (O) to the COD can be basically kept above 65%, as shown in figure 14, the M-VFCW (O) has stronger pollutant concentration impact resistance; the average removal rate of the M-VFCW (O) to the COD is 69.49 percent, which is improved by 15.58 percent (p < 0.01) compared with the M-VFCW (53.91 percent). The mixed bacterial liquid in the activated sludge cultured under the low magnetic field intensity (5 mM, 20 mT) can effectively increase the growth metabolism speed of bacteria; and compared with the mixed bacteria liquid without the applied magnetic field, the mixed bacteria liquid cultured under the magnetic field of 20mT has the maximum degradation rate of COD increased by 1.5 times.
The magnetic field of 20-40 mT can promote microorganisms to generate more unsaturated fatty acid and stimulate dehydrogenase activity so as to improve COD removal rate, meanwhile, the decomposition of aerobic microorganisms is one of main ways of degrading organic matters in the constructed wetland, and can provide enough oxygen for the wetland to increase the number of the aerobic microorganisms and enhance the activity of the microorganisms, so that the removal of COD in the wetland can be effectively improved, and the magnetic field can be presumed to influence the microorganisms in the wetland, so that the removal effect of the system on the COD is better than that of a CK control group; the application of aeration conditions and the optimization of the magnetic field further improve the removal effect of the wetland system on COD, and compared with other researches, the difference of removal of COD by the magnetic field reinforced constructed wetland may be related to the strength of the magnetic field and the water inlet concentration.
When the water inlet concentration is 10.92-67.43 mg/L and the operation conditions are the same, M-VFCW is opposite to NH 4 + The average removal rate of the-N is 54.89%, which is improved by 8.49% compared with CK (46.4%), and the NH of the wetland is obviously improved 4 + Removal of N (p < 0.01), but in the face of higher concentrations (> 50 mg/L) of NH 4 + -N, which is to NH 4 + The removal effect of N is not significantly different from CK, as shown in FIG. 15; under the same running condition, as shown in FIG. 16, the average removal rate of NH4 < + > -N by M-VFCW (O) is 89.48 percent, and compared with M-VFCW (40.38 percent), the water inlet concentration is 13.2-75.61 mg/L, and the water inlet concentration is obviously improved (p is less than 0.01); and facing into water NH 4 + The removal rate is substantially stabilized at about 98% at N concentrations < 60mg/L, facing higher NH concentrations 4 + When N (more than 60 mg/L), the removal rate can still be stably maintained above 65%, and the analysis shows that the magnetic field can effectively improve the NH of the constructed wetland 4 + -removal of N, and a magnetic field of 8mT to remove NH 4 + The N effect is more pronounced.
The external static magnetic field can improve the nitrification and denitrification efficiency in the sewage treatment process, and under the static magnetic field of 17 mT, the growth rate and the metabolic activity of key European nitromonas in the AOB can be improved, so that the nitrification and denitrification effect is enhanced, and researches show that the magnetic field can effectively improve the nitrification efficiency, shorten the starting time of the nitrification reaction, and improve the activity of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) in nitrifying bacteria group most obviously under the magnetic field strength of 5 mT. The nitrification and denitrification are the main links for removing ammonia nitrogen in the constructed wetland system, nitrifying bacteria need to perform nitrification under the oxygen-enriched condition, compared with M-VFCW, M-VFCW (O), the aeration operation condition is increased in the research, and the method has the advantages that the ammonia nitrogen in the constructed wetland system is removed, and the nitrifying bacteria are subjected to the nitrification under the oxygen-enriched condition 4 + The removal rate of the-N is obviously improved, because the aeration provides enough oxygen for the nitration reaction, and the optimized magnetic field further enhances the activity of nitrifying bacteria groups in the wetland system, thereby effectively promoting the wetland system to NH 4 + -removal of N.
2.2.2 pairs TP and PO 4 3- -removal effect of P
When the inflow water concentration of TP is 0.89-5.73 mg/L, the average removal rate of M-VFCW to TP is 32.82%, compared with CK (38.02%), the removal rate of TP by the constructed wetland is reduced to a certain extent instead, as shown in FIG. 17; for PO 4 3- The result of P removal is the same as TP, as shown in fig. 19, which shows that the magnetic field with strength of 3mT has no lifting effect on phosphorus removal;
as shown in fig. 18 and 20, in the water inflow TP, PO 4 3- When the P concentration is 0.94-6.42 mg/L and 0.88-5.89 mg/L respectively, the M-VFCW has no obvious difference in phosphorus removal compared with CK; when the concentration of phosphorus in water is less than 4mg/L, the CK has no obvious improvement on the removal of phosphorus compared with the M-VFCW by M-VFCW (O); but at higher phosphorus concentrations (> 4 mg/L), M-VFCW (O) significantly improves phosphorus removal (p < 0.01), for TP and PO 4 3- The average removal rate of P is respectively 51.81 percent and 49 percent, and is respectively improved by 29.02 percent and 29.48 percent compared with CK. The constructed wetland removes phosphorus pollutants in water body through plant absorption, matrix absorption and microbial transformation, and as phosphorus absorption can be carried out only under the condition of oxygen enrichment by microorganisms-phosphorus accumulating bacteria degrading and absorbing phosphorus in the wetland system, the M-VFCW (O) can be presumed to provide sufficient oxygen for the wetland system due to the application of aeration condition, so that the phosphorus removal effect of the constructed wetland is superior to CK and M-VFCW. In addition, the constructed wetland is not planted with wetland plants, so that phosphorus removal mainly depends on adsorption of a matrix and transformation of microorganisms. Related researches show that the removal of TP by the wetland is mainly limited by the adsorption action of the matrix, the removal effect is limited by the saturation degree of the adsorption capacity of the matrix, the adopted wetland matrix filler in the research is small-particle-size ceramsite and gravel, the specific surface area is relatively small, the adsorption capacity is also small, and the dephosphorization capacity of the wetland is limited. The waste brick with larger specific surface area is used as matrix filler of the composite vertical (IVCW) -Horizontal Flow (HF) constructed wetland, and the test result shows that the average removal rate of TP can reach 88.81 percent, which is far higher than that of the magnetic field reinforced constructed wetland in the researchRemoval rate of TP. In addition, the waste clay red bricks of the building and the conventional limestone are respectively used as matrix fillers of the constructed wetland, so that the TP removing effect of the constructed wetland with the waste clay red bricks on the surface of the constructed wetland is better than that of the constructed wetland with the limestone. The substrate of the constructed wetland rapidly fixes pollutants in the water body on the pores and adsorption points of the substrate through the functions of precipitation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange and the like, so that the constructed wetland filler with larger specific surface area can be preferentially adopted in order to improve the removal effect of the constructed wetland on the pollutants such as phosphorus and the like.
2.4 analysis of microbial community structure in magnetic field enhanced constructed wetland System
As shown in FIG. 21, the colony structure of microorganisms in CK, M-VFCW (O) at the gate level, compared with the CK group, the dominant population of microorganisms in the magnetic field enhanced constructed wetland was not different but different in relative abundance, which may be related to the influence of the magnetic field and aeration. In the three wetland systems, the dominant mycota mainly comprises Proteus, rhizopus, fusarium, paenibacillus, thielavia and Actinomyces, and the total of the six microorganism sequences accounts for more than 85% of the total sequence. The Proteus has remarkable advantages in all wetlands, and the relative abundance in M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O) is 57.19% and 63.3%, respectively, which are increased by 8.3% and 14.41% respectively compared with CK group. Research shows that most denitrifying bacteria belong to Proteus, so that the relative abundance of some denitrifying bacteria is possibly reduced due to a magnetic field, the Proteus can survive and grow in complex environments such as little nutrition (such as massive sediment) and co-nutrition (such as rhizosphere) due to the rapid growth speed and metabolism versatility of the Proteus, and the Proteus is a dominant mycota for promoting denitrification in different water environments, wherein the Proteus, the Bacteroides, the Thick-wall mycota and the actinomycete play an important role in removing organic pollutants in water; the relative abundance of the Proteus, thick-walled bacteria and actinomycetes in the M-VFCW (O) is increased, but the abundance of the Proteus except the Proteus is reduced in the M-VFCW, which shows that the abundance of the Proteus is increased due to the 8mT magnetic field and the oxygen-enriched condition, so that the removal effect of the wetland on COD is improved, which is consistent with the data of water quality. The green curved fungus door is a common filiform thin in the wastewater treatment processFungus, often associated with degradation of polysaccharide, the difference of this fungus gate in CK, M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O) is more remarkable, the relative abundance in CK group is 17.42%, and the relative abundance in M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O) are 9.7%, 3.77%, respectively, the relative abundance of this fungus gate decreases with the enhancement of magnetic field, showing that magnetic field has negative effect on this fungus gate, which is the same as the result; contrary to other findings, it is speculated that the strength of the magnetic field and the concentration of contaminants in the test feed water may be related. The phylum Fusarium is an anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacterium, NH 4 + -N and NO 2- Oxidation to N 2 Compared with CK, the relative abundance of the mycodoor in M-VFCW is reduced, and the relative abundance of the mycodoor in M-VFCW (O) is increased, so that the magnetic field of 8mT has positive influence on the mycodoor. The relative abundance of bacteroides in M-VFCW (O) was decreased compared to CK group, indicating that the weaker magnetic field had a negative effect on the mycorrhizal. Nitrospirae refers to the use of NO 2- Oxidation of N to NO 3- The relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria of-N in CK, M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O) is 0.24%, 0.55%, 1.48%, respectively, and increases with increasing magnetic field strength, which confirms that the magnetic field has a promoting effect on nitrification. The analysis shows that the magnetic field can promote the growth metabolism of microorganisms in the wetland for degrading organic matters and removing nitrogen, thereby promoting the removal of the organic matters and the nitrogen by the wetland, which is consistent with water quality data.
As is clear from FIG. 22, in M-VFCW, the main bacteria are dechlorinated bacteria of the class beta-Proteus (Dechromonas, 2.89%), acinetobacter (Acinetobacter, 3.64%), rhodobacter (Rhodobacter, 3.14%), fungium (Caltillea, 1.5%) and hydrogen phagostimulant (Hydrogenophaga, 1.45%), and the abundances of Dechloromonas, rhodobacter and Hydrogenophaga are all shown to be increased and the others are shown to be decreased; the main genera in M-VFCW (O) are Citrobacter (Citrobacter, 6.8%), beta-Proteus dechlorination (dechromonas, 4.18%), acinetobacter (Acinetobacter, 3.89%), rhodobacter (Rhodobacter, 2.01%), planocomycetes (1.69%), clostridium (Clostridium, 2.91%) and Nitrospira (Nitrospira, 1.48%), with Citrobacter, dechloromonas, rhodobacter, planctomyces, clostridium, nitrospira abundance increasing compared to CK and others decreasing.
Related researches show that Nitrospira participates in the nitrification process, and has the main effects of oxidizing nitrite into nitrate in water, wherein the abundance of the bacteria in M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O) are respectively 0.55 percent and 1.48 percent which are higher than CK group (0.23 percent), and the fact that the magnetic field can promote the nitrification and improve the removal of nitrogen in the wetland is proved, which is consistent with the previous water quality data. Acinetobacter is considered as bacteria with efficient phosphorus accumulation, has the characteristic of phosphorus removal in a wetland system, and belongs to highly aerobic denitrifying bacteria, plays an important role in the denitrification process of the wetland, the abundance of the bacteria in M-VFCW is far lower than that of CK group (14.52%), the magnetic field is presumed to have negative influence on the bacteria, the growth of the bacteria is inhibited, the removal effect of the wetland on phosphorus is poor, and water quality data provide evidence for the bacteria; in addition, the abundance of this genus is higher in M-VFCW (O) than in M-VFCW, and it was also confirmed that the growth and reproduction thereof can be promoted under the condition of applying oxygen enrichment. Dechloromonas, rhodobacter and hydrogeneophaga also participate in the denitrification process; the abundance of Dechloromonas is far higher than that of CK group in M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O), which shows that the magnetic field can promote the growth metabolism of the fungus genus and also provides evidence for the denitrification effect of M-VFCW and M-VFCW (O) over CK. Plactomyces is a common anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacterium in water, and can be used for NH in water under anaerobic environment 4 + -N is removed; clostridium belongs to nitrogen fixation and anaerobic dephosphorization functional bacteria, and has the functions of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sewage treatment. Citrobacter is the most dominant genus in M-VFCW (O), and the abundance in M-VFCW (O) (6.8%) is much higher than that in CK (0.73%) and M-VFCW (0.2%) groups, presumably due to the increase in magnetic field strength and the application of aeration conditions, promoting mass reproduction of the genus. Citrobacter is a facultative anaerobe that ferments glucose to produce acid and gas, and reduces nitrate to nitrite; meanwhile, similar to Acinetobacter, clostridium, citrobacter belongs to denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and has the characteristics of denitrification and dephosphorization.
In conclusion, the enhancement of the magnetic field and the increase of the oxygen-enriched condition increase the abundance of other dominant bacteria except Acinetobacter, so that the removal effect of the wetland on nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in the water body is enhanced; meanwhile, the water quality data are combined to mutually prove that the magnetic field and the effect of removing pollutants of the wetland are positively correlated (p is less than 0.01).
3. Conclusion(s)
(1) And performing M-VFCW magnetic field simulation by using COMSOL software by adopting a finite element method, and optimizing magnetic field parameters according to simulation results. According to the magnetic field simulation result of the M-VFCW, a wetland area with the magnetic field strength larger than 5mT only accounts for about 30% of the whole wetland, and the average magnetic field strength of the wetland is 3mT; 5 optimization schemes are provided for the method, the scheme e is the optimal scheme according to the magnetic field simulation result of the optimization scheme, the wetland area with the magnetic field strength larger than 5mT occupies 74% of the whole wetland, the average magnetic field strength of the wetland unit is also improved to 8mT which is far larger than that of other schemes.
(2) The water quality data of the constructed wetland before and after the magnetic field optimization can be obtained, and the magnetic field can enhance the COD and NH of the constructed wetland 4 + -removal of N. Under the condition of the same inflow COD concentration (107.5-578 mg/L), the average removal rate of M-VFCW (O) to COD is 69.49 percent, and compared with M-VFCW (53.91 percent), the removal rate of M-VFCW (O) to COD is obviously improved (p is less than 0.01); in the same water inlet NH 4 + M-VFCW (O) vs NH at an N concentration (13.2-75.61 mg/L) 4 + The average removal rate of N is 89.48 percent, and compared with M-VFCW (40.38 percent), the average removal rate of N is obviously improved (p is less than 0.01). M-VFCW has no lifting effect on phosphorus removal, and M-VFCW (O) has a significant lifting effect on phosphorus removal (p < 0.01) only in the face of higher concentration of phosphorus (> 4 mg/L).
(3) The results of high-throughput sequencing analysis on the microorganisms in the three wetlands show that the dominant population of the microorganisms at the gate level in the M-VFCW and the M-VFCW (O) has no obvious difference, and the abundance of the gates has a certain difference. The abundance of dominant mycorrhizas Proteobacteria, planctomycetes, firmicutes, actinobacteria, nitrospirae in M-VFCW (O) is obviously enhanced, and the mycorrhizas play an important role in the process of removing organic matters and nitrogen; the abundance of other dominant bacteria (Citrobacter, dechloromonas, rhodobacter, planctomyces, clostridium, nitrospira) except Acinetobacter in M-VFCW (O) is increased, and the bacteria play an important role in the denitrification and dephosphorization process; the water quality data can be combined to mutually prove that the optimized magnetic field is positively correlated with the pollutant removal effect of the wetland (p is less than 0.01).
Although embodiments of the application have been shown and described, the detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and is not limiting of the application as the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples, and modifications, substitutions, variations, etc. may be made in the embodiments as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, provided that such modifications are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland device comprises a water storage unit, a water supply unit, a constructed wetland unit, a biological membrane unit and a magnetic field enhanced generation device, and is characterized in that the constructed wetland unit comprises an organic glass wetland tank body, a water inlet is arranged at one side of the organic glass wetland tank body, which is close to the upper part, and a water outlet is arranged at the other side, which is close to the bottom part;
the biological membrane unit is positioned at one side of the organic glass wetland tank body close to the water inlet, the artificial wetland unit is positioned at one side of the organic glass wetland tank body close to the water outlet, and a sieve pore baffle is arranged between the biological membrane unit and the artificial wetland unit;
a filler layer is arranged in the constructed wetland unit;
the water storage unit comprises a water storage barrel and a first pipeline used for connecting the water storage barrel, and the water storage barrel is connected with the water outlet through the first pipeline;
the water supply unit comprises a submersible pump and a second pipeline used for connecting the submersible pump, wherein the submersible pump is arranged in the water storage barrel and is connected with the water inlet through the second pipeline;
the magnetic field strengthening generation device comprises ferrite permanent magnets which are uniformly distributed in the organic glass wetland tank body.
2. The magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the organic glass plate of the organic glass wetland tank body is 10mm, and the length, width and height dimensions of the organic glass wetland tank body are 600×400×500mm respectively.
3. The magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland device according to claim 2, wherein the height of the water inlet is 480mm from the bottom of the organic glass wetland tank.
4. The magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland device according to claim 1, wherein said biofilm unit is composed of a biofilm sphere with a diameter of 50mm filled with YDT elastic fiber and sponge.
5. The magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland device according to claim 1, wherein the filler layer comprises gravel with a diameter of 6-9mm and ceramsite with a diameter of 4-6mm, wherein the gravel and the ceramsite are alternately filled in an up-down and left-right equal proportion, the filling thickness is 230mm, and the void ratio of the filler layer is 41%.
6. The magnetic field enhanced vertical flow constructed wetland device according to claim 1, wherein the ferrite permanent magnets are arranged in a total of 12 rows, and 4 rows are arranged, and each row is provided with 3 blocks.
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