CN116688141A - Drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN116688141A
CN116688141A CN202310277264.0A CN202310277264A CN116688141A CN 116688141 A CN116688141 A CN 116688141A CN 202310277264 A CN202310277264 A CN 202310277264A CN 116688141 A CN116688141 A CN 116688141A
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ala
paipo
cisplatin
drug
aminolevulinic acid
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郑化
郭培勇
李单
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08F220/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/243—Platinum; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
    • A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
    • A61K41/0071—PDT with porphyrins having exactly 20 ring atoms, i.e. based on the non-expanded tetrapyrrolic ring system, e.g. bacteriochlorin, chlorin-e6, or phthalocyanines
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    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
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    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6905—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion
    • A61K47/6907—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion the form being a microemulsion, nanoemulsion or micelle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2438/00—Living radical polymerisation
    • C08F2438/03—Use of a di- or tri-thiocarbonylthio compound, e.g. di- or tri-thioester, di- or tri-thiocarbamate, or a xanthate as chain transfer agent, e.g . Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer [RAFT] or Macromolecular Design via Interchange of Xanthates [MADIX]

Abstract

The invention relates to a drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs and a preparation method thereof, wherein the drug compound is prepared by jointly loading cis-Pt (IV) -COOH and 5-ALA on a polymer carrier, modifying by DA, and self-assembling. The pharmaceutical composition provided by the invention has proper size, can be concentrated to a tumor part in a targeting way through a high permeation long retention effect, combines cisplatin with 5-ALA, can realize charge inversion and double-drug accurate release in a tumor part microenvironment in a pH sensitive charge inversion, pH sensitive 5-ALA release and HAsc sensitive Pt (II) release mode, enhances cell uptake, improves targeting, reduces toxic and side effects, and can induce apoptosis of the existing tumor cells, inhibit further division of the tumor cells and enhance antitumor curative effect through two different mechanisms of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.

Description

Drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antitumor drugs, and in particular relates to a drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cancer is the most common type of malignancy, a disease caused by abnormal proliferation of cells due to the disorder of cell division proliferation control mechanism, and has become the second largest disease in the world that is harmful to human health. Among the traditional treatments, chemotherapy is the most important method for combating tumors, and chemical drug intensive chemotherapy is generally used clinically to rapidly inhibit or kill pathological cells and relieve or eliminate various symptoms of tumors. However, most reported small molecule anticancer drugs have some inherent disadvantages such as poor water solubility, high drug dosage, short in vivo half-life of the drug, etc. These anticancer drugs can only penetrate into cells by free diffusion after oral administration or intravenous injection. Generally, they not only kill cancer cells, but also normal cells, and even secondary injury to the patient, due to lack of selectivity. Thus, the clinical use of these anticancer drugs is largely limited. In general, loading two or more chemotherapeutic drugs into a single nano-formulation simultaneously and delivering the two or more chemotherapeutic drugs to a tumor site is a strategy for overcoming the defects of poor clinical efficacy, easy recurrence and metastasis of tumors and drug resistance of a single nano-drug in tumor treatment.
Cisplatin Pt (II) is a platinum-containing cell cycle nonspecific anticancer drug that can bind to the bases of DNA in the nucleus to form three forms of crosslinks, which cause DNA damage, disrupt DNA replication and transcription, and inhibit RNA and protein synthesis at high concentrations. Cisplatin has the advantages of wide anticancer spectrum, effective hypoxic cells, strong activity and the like, has been widely used for treating testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, bladder cancer, neck cancer, prostate cancer, brain cancer and the like, and has remarkable curative effect. However, cisplatin has a certain toxicity for treating cancer, and brings about side effects, so that a novel administration mode needs to be searched for to reduce the toxic and side effects on normal cells.
5-aminolevulinic acid, also known as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-ALA), is an intermediate product of mammalian cell heme synthesis, and has no photosensitive properties in itself, but can synthesize endogenous photosensitizer molecular protoporphyrin (PpIX) in the endometrium of the line. When 5-ALA is exogenously administered, it specifically enters tissues or organisms with high metabolic rates (such as tumor cells, macrophages and bacteria), forms the photosensitizer PpIX, and generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) under light conditions, thereby inducing apoptosis in tumor cells.
In order to solve the problems, the invention takes copolymer PAIPO as a nano-carrier, grafts small molecule prodrug 5-ALA and cis-Pt (IV) -COOH on the PAIPO through amide coupling reaction, and obtains the drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs through self-assembly after being modified by DA acylation reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin dual drugs and a preparation method thereof, wherein the drug compound is loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid and cisplatin, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy are combined, meanwhile, the stealth effect of OEGMA fragments in carrier PAIPO is utilized to ensure the long circulation of compound micelle particles, in addition, DA (2, 3-dimethyl maleic anhydride) is modified on the micelle to endow the micelle with charge reversal performance, thereby promoting the internalization of cells, the proton sponge effect of imidazolyl in the carrier PAIPO can promote the escape of inclusion bodies/lysosomes of the micelle, and finally, the enhancement of cell uptake, double-drug accurate synchronous transmission and double-drug combined anticancer are realized in a three-sensitive combination mode such as pH sensitive charge reversal, pH sensitive 5-ALA release and ascorbic acid (HAsc) sensitive Pt (II) release.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a medicine compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin dual medicines is provided, which is prepared by loading cis-Pt (IV) -COOH and 5-ALA together on a polymer carrier, modifying by DA and then self-assembling.
According to the scheme, the preparation method of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH comprises the following steps: cisplatin (Pt (II)) was oxidized with an excess of hydrogen peroxide solution and then modified with Succinic Anhydride (SA) (carboxyl groups grafted onto the cisplatin surface) to give cis-Pt (IV) -COOH. After the cis-platinum is grafted with carboxyl, the cis-platinum can react with amino on the carrier to generate pH sensitive amide bond, and the pH sensitive amide bond is released under the acidic microenvironment of the tumor part.
According to the scheme, the preparation method of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH comprises the following specific steps: dispersing cisplatin in deionized water, adding excessive hydrogen peroxide solution (preferably 30 wt%) for oxidation reaction, after the reaction is finished, carrying out in-situ recrystallization, washing and vacuum drying treatment to obtain yellowish green powder Pt (IV), dispersing the obtained Pt (IV) in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), adding Succinic Anhydride (SA) for transesterification reaction, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain off-white powder cis-Pt (IV) -COOH.
According to the scheme, the cisplatin and hydrogen peroxide solution H 2 O 2 The molar ratio is 1:10 to 15.
According to the scheme, the oxidation reaction conditions are as follows: stirring and reacting for 4-6 hours at 45-55 ℃.
According to the scheme, the molar ratio of Pt (IV) to SA is 1:1 to 1.1.
According to the scheme, the transesterification reaction conditions are as follows: stirring at room temperature (10-25 ℃) for 24-32 hours.
According to the scheme, the Pt load amount in the drug compound is 7-16 wt% and the 5-ALA load amount is 6-15 wt%.
According to the scheme, the polymer carrier is PAIPO.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the drug compound loaded with the 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs, which comprises the following specific steps:
1. preparation of PAIPO copolymer:
s1, preparing PAI copolymer: 2- (amino) ethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AMA) and (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride (IMMA) are taken as monomers, 4-cyano-4- (phenylthioformyl thio) valeric acid (CTP) is taken as a RAFT chain transfer agent, 2' -Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is taken as a free radical initiator, RAFT polymerization reaction is carried out in a mixed solvent of DMF and water, and PAI copolymer is obtained after post treatment;
s2, performing RAFT polymerization reaction in water by taking poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) as a monomer, taking the PAI copolymer obtained in the step S1 as a macromolecular chain transfer agent and AIBN as a free radical initiator, and then performing post-treatment to obtain a PAIPO copolymer;
2. preparation of the polymeric prodrug PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt: dissolving 5-ALA and cis-Pt (IV) -COOH in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), adding catalysts 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dissolving the PAIPO copolymer obtained in the step one with a small amount of DMSO, dripping the PAIPO copolymer into the mixed solution, performing an amide reaction (two medicaments are loaded on a carrier PAIPO by using the amide reaction), and performing post-treatment to obtain a polymer prodrug PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt;
3. preparation of DA modified prodrug DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt: dissolving the macromolecule prodrug PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt obtained in the step two in DMSO, adding excessive 2, 3-dimethyl maleic anhydride (DA), then adding triethylamine (TEA which is used as an acid binding agent to react with generated acid to avoid the reaction of generated acid and amino) and pyridine (which is used as a catalyst), then carrying out nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction (nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction of amino and anhydride to generate amide and acid) in nitrogen atmosphere, and then sequentially carrying out DMF dialysis, deionized water dialysis and freeze-drying to obtain DA modified prodrug DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt;
4. preparing a drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs: and (3) preparing the DA modified prodrug DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt obtained in the step (III) into a polymer micelle by adopting a dialysis self-assembly method, thus obtaining the drug compound loaded with the 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs.
According to the scheme, the molar ratio of the 2- (amino) ethyl methacrylate hydrochloride to the (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride in the step S1 is 1 to 1.2: the molar ratio of 1, CTP to (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride is 1:50 to 55, the molar ratio of AIBN to (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride is 1: 200-250.
According to the scheme, the RAFT polymerization reaction conditions in the step S1 are as follows: reacting for 20-26 h at 60-80 ℃.
According to the scheme, in the step S2, the molar ratio of the poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, the PAI copolymer and the AIBN is 50 to 60:1:0.1 to 0.25, wherein the PAI copolymer is present in the water at a concentration of 100 to 300mg/mL.
According to the scheme, the RAFT polymerization reaction conditions in the step S2 are as follows: reacting for 28-32 h at 55-65 ℃.
According to the scheme, the molar ratio of 5-ALA to cis-Pt (IV) -COOH in the second step is 1: the concentration of 0.5-2, 5-ALA in DMSO is 5-9 mg/mL, and the molar ratio of 5-ALA to 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to N-hydroxysuccinimide is 3-5: 1:1 to 1.2, the mole ratio of the 5-ALA to the PAIPO copolymer is 30 to 60:1.
according to the scheme, the amide reaction conditions in the second step are as follows: reacting for 48-50 h at 10-25 ℃.
According to the scheme, the concentration of the PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt in DMSO in the step III is 30.7-33.3 g/L, and the mass ratio of the PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt to DA is 0.62-0.77: 1, the mass-volume ratio of PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt to triethylamine is 12-14 mg/mL, and the mass-volume ratio of PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt to pyridine is 20-34 mg/mL.
According to the scheme, the nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction conditions in the step III are as follows: reacting for 20-28 h at 10-25 ℃.
According to the scheme, the size of the polymer micelle in the fourth step is 50-200 nm.
According to the scheme, the method comprises the following specific steps: adding DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt into DMSO, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, stirring vigorously, dripping PBS buffer solution (pH 7.4,0.01M) with 3-5 times of DMSO volume, continuously stirring the obtained mixed solution fully, transferring the mixed solution into a dialysis bag (molecular weight cut-off=3500 Da), and dialyzing with deionized water to remove DMSO, thereby obtaining the polymer micelle.
The polymer carrier PAIPO obtained by RAFT polymerization has narrower molecular weight distribution and designability of functional groups, so DA can be selected to modify amino in PAIPO to be modified into beta-carboxyl amide structureSo that the polymer micelle realizes charge reversal of the intracellular environment; on the other hand, the 5-aminolevulinic acid and cisplatin can be loaded through an amide reaction, the polymer micelle has an amphiphilic multiblock copolymer, AMA and IMMA are hydrophilic blocks, CTP is a hydrophobic block, the water solubility of the cisplatin is obviously improved, the long circulation characteristic and the spatial stability of the polymer micelle are ensured, and the circulation time of the polymer micelle in blood is prolonged. DA is loaded on PAIPO, and COOH forms COO in weak alkaline environment - In the weakly acidic environment of tumor (ph=6.5-5.0), DA breaks off, amide bond breaks, NH 2 Formation of NH 3 + The ionic groups around the micelle are selected from COO - Change to NH 3 + The charge inversion is realized, and the positive charges of the micelle can be adsorbed on the cell membrane with negative charges through electrostatic adsorption, so that the uptake of cancer cells to the micelle is enhanced, the drug absorption is promoted, and the anti-tumor curative effect is enhanced. OEGMA is loaded on PAIPO as a hydrophilic shell layer of the micelle, which avoids rapid clearance of endoplasmic reticulum, and increases circulation time of the micelle in blood, thereby being beneficial to continuous administration of leukemia cells or other tumor tissues and further improving disease treatment efficiency. In addition, polyethylene glycol modification is a method of evading rapid recognition by the immune system, thereby minimizing clearance of micelles at the liver site.
PAIPO carries imidazole ring, can be deprotonated under neutral environment (pH is about 7.4), and when entering acidic organelles (inclusion bodies/lysosomes), the imidazole ring in micelle particles can be rapidly protonated and absorb a large amount of water molecules to enter the organelles due to the pH being lower than the pKa value (about 6), so that osmotic swelling and rupture of lysosome membranes are caused, and the escape of the inclusion bodies/lysosomes of the micelle is promoted.
The polymer carrier PAIPO used in the invention has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and the obtained 5-ALA-Pt polymer prodrug DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt can self-assemble to form a polymer micelle with small particle size, good dispersity and stable structure. The polymer micelle has a proper size of 50-200nm, and can be effectively enriched to a tumor site through EPR effect.
The invention designs a polymer micelle loaded with 5-ALA and Pt double drugs mainly by utilizing the special microenvironment of tumors, such as an acidic microenvironment, high ascorbic acid concentration and pH responsive chemical bond, and the micelle ensures the long circulation of micelle particles by utilizing the stealth effect of OEGMA fragments. In addition, DA is modified on the micelle to endow the micelle with charge reversal performance, so that the intracellular internalization is promoted, the proton sponge effect of the imidazolyl can promote the endosome/lysosome escape of the micelle, and finally, the cell uptake, the accurate synchronous transmission of double drugs and the double-drug combined anticancer are enhanced in a three-sensitive combination mode of pH sensitive charge reversal, pH sensitive 5-ALA release, HAsc sensitive Pt (II) release and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the drug compound loaded with the 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs provided by the invention has proper size (50-200 nm), can be targetedly enriched to a tumor part through a high permeation long retention (EPR) effect, combines cisplatin with 5-ALA double drugs, can realize charge inversion and double drug accurate release in a tumor part microenvironment in a three-sensitive combination mode of pH sensitive charge inversion, pH sensitive 5-ALA release, HAsc sensitive Pt (II) release and the like, enhances cell uptake, improves targeting, reduces toxic and side effects, can induce apoptosis of the existing tumor cells through two different mechanisms of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy, can inhibit further division of the tumor cells, and enhances antitumor curative effects. 2. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple steps, high drug loading rate and good repeatability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the particle size distribution (A) and a transmission electron microscope (B) of the polymer micelle prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an in vitro release data curve of the polymer micelle prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the surface potential distribution of the polymer micelles prepared in example 1 and comparative example 3 at pH values of 7.4 and 6.5, respectively;
fig. 4 is a photograph of polymer micelles prepared in comparative and example after being dispersed in water.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the technical scheme of the present invention.
Example 1
A drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs is prepared by the following steps:
1) Synthesis of AMA monomer:
10.46g of methacryloyl chloride (100 mmol), 4.85g of diethanolamine hydrochloride (50 mmol) and 52.1mg of hydroquinone (0.52 mmol) are added sequentially into a 50mL three-port flask, the acylation reaction is carried out for 2h at 80 ℃, the reactants are cooled to room temperature, diluted with 10mL of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and poured into excessive anhydrous diethyl ether (100 mL) to precipitate, a white solid is separated by filtration, washed 3 times with diethyl ether and dried under reduced pressure to obtain white solid powder AMA;
2) Synthesis of IMMA monomer:
7.84g of methacryloyl chloride (75 mmol) and 5.05g of 4-hydroxymethylimidazole hydrochloride (37.16 mmol) were added to a 10mL round bottom flask, the reaction was heated to 75℃for 5h, the reaction was diluted with 5mL of methanol, and poured into an excess of anhydrous diethyl ether (100 mL) to precipitate, the solid was isolated by filtration, washed 3 times with acetone, and the target product was dried under vacuum to give a brown powder IMMA.
3) Synthesis of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH:
0.5g of cisplatin Pt (II) (1.67 mmol) was suspended in 12.5mL of deionized water and 23.3. 23.3mLH was added 2 O 2 Continuously stirring the solution (30 wt%) for 4h at 50 ℃, after in-situ recrystallization, filtering and collecting an oxide complex (Pt (IV)) precipitate of Pt (II), washing with cold water, ethanol and diethyl ether respectively for 3 times, vacuum drying for 24h to obtain yellowish green powder Pt (IV), suspending the yellowish green powder (315 mg,0.946 mmol) in 15mLDMF for esterification, adding 104mg SA (1.04 mmol)), stirring at room temperature for 24h, diluting with 50mL deionized water, freeze-drying the obtained solution, washing with acetone, ethanol and diethyl ether for 3 times respectively, and obtaining off-white powder cis-Pt (IV) -COOH;
4) RAFT preparation of PAI copolymer:
34.0mg CTP (0.122 mmol) and 4.0mg AIBN (0.024 mmol) are weighed, added into a 10mL Schlenk tube, and dissolved by adding 4.5mL DMF, then added with a mixed solution of 1.01g AMA (6.1 mmol), 1.24g IMMA (6.1 mmol) and 3mL deionized water, after the pH value of the system is regulated to be 2.8 by HCl solution (1M), the system is sealed by a rubber diaphragm, oxygen is removed through three liquid freeze thawing-degassing (freeze size-thaw-pump) cycles, the mixture is continuously stirred in an oil bath pot at 70 ℃ for reaction for 24 hours, after the polymerization reaction is finished, the reaction solution is diluted by DMF, and the deionized water is dialyzed for 72 hours by a dialysis bag (molecular weight cut-off=1000 Da), and the PAI copolymer is obtained after freeze drying;
5) RAFT polymerization to prepare PAIPO copolymer:
375mg of OEGMA (1.25 mmol), 1.36mg of AIBN (0.005 mmol) and 425mg of PAI (0.023 mmol) are weighed and dispersed in 2.6mL of deionized water, the solution is transferred into a 10mL Schlenk tube, after the pH value of the system is regulated to be=2.8, the tube is sealed by a rubber diaphragm, the solution is subjected to three freeze thawing-degassing cycles and then reacts for 30 hours at 60 ℃, the reaction solution is dialyzed for 3 days by a dialysis bag (molecular weight cut-off=1000 Da) to obtain PAIPO copolymer after freeze drying;
6) Preparation of a high molecular prodrug:
accurately weighing 19.7mg of 5-ALA (0.15 mmol) and 63.0mg of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH (0.15 mmol), dissolving in 3mL of DMSO, adding 9.7mg of EDCI (0.05 mmol) and 9.4mg of NHS (0.05 mmol), stirring at room temperature for 1h to obtain a mixed solution, weighing 307.5mg of PAIPO (0.01 mmol) dissolved in 5mL of DMSO, dripping into the mixed solution, continuing to react at room temperature for 48h, dialyzing DMF with a dialysis bag (molecular weight cut-off=3500 Da) for 48h and dialyzing deionized water for 24h, and separating by freeze drying to obtain PAIPO@5-ALA 1 /Pt；
7) Preparation of DA modified polymer prodrugs:
PAIPO@5-ALA 1 Dissolving Pt polymer in 2mL DMSO, continuously adding excessive DA (45 mg,1.32 times the molar amount of residual amino), then adding 5mL of acid-binding agent TEA and 3mL of pyridine, continuously stirring the mixed solution at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere for reaction for 24h, dialyzing the reaction solution against DMF for 48h by using a dialysis bag (molecular weight cut-off=3500 Da) and then against deionized water for 24h after the reaction is finished, and separating and purifying by a freeze-drying method to obtain DA modified polymer prodrug (marked as DA-PAIPO@5-ALA) 1 /Pt)；
8) Self-assembly of polymer micelles:
0.2g of DA-PAIPO@5-ALA was added 1 adding/Pt polymer prodrug into 10mL of DMSO, performing ultrasonic treatment in a 100W ultrasonic cleaner for 0.5h, then vigorously stirring for 0.5h, then dripping 30mL of PBS buffer solution (pH 7.4,0.01M), continuously stirring the obtained mixed solution for 4h, transferring into a dialysis bag (molecular weight cut-off=3500 Da), and dialyzing deionized water for 12h to remove DMSO, thus obtaining the double-drug-carrying polymer micelle (marked as a label) DA M(5-ALA 1 Pt)), the particle diameter and the dispersity were measured in a malvern particle sizer.
Fig. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram (a) and a transmission electron microscope diagram (B) of the polymer micelle prepared in this example, and fig. 1 (a) shows that the particle size and the dispersity of the polymer micelle prepared in this example are size=188 nm and pdi=0.262, respectively; PDI represents the stability of the micelle, the numerical value is between 0 and 1, the closer to 0, the more stable and uniform the micelle is, and the result shows that the micelle has good stability. Fig. 1 (B) is a morphology diagram of micelles, and it can be observed that the micelles are uniform in size and distribution.
DA-PAIPO@5-ALA prepared in this example 1 Drug loading determination of 5-ALA and Pt (II) in Pt: weighing 0.2g of DA-PAIPO@5-ALA 1 dispersing/Pt in 2mL aqua regia, stirring at 50deg.C for 24 hr, measuring 5-ALA concentration at 569nm wavelength by ninhydrin derivatization method, and calculating by UV-Vis drug concentration and corresponding absorbance standard curve (Y= 0.0070875X-0.0186, R2=0.99999) to obtain 5-ALA drug-loading DLC 5-ALA . Drug loading of Pt (II) (DLC) Pt ) The content of Pt ions in the polymer solution was measured by ICP-OES technique, as calculated from the content of Pt ions (wt%). The DA-PAIPO@5-ALA prepared in this example was measured 1 The 5-ALA drug loading in Pt was 11.5wt% and the drug loading in Pt (II) was 12.0wt%.
In vitro drug release test of polymeric micelles:
0.2g of the product prepared in this example was taken DA M(5-ALA 1 dispersing/Pt) in 3mL of buffer solution LPBS (sodium ascorbate (NaAsc) 50 μm, pH=7.4, simulating normal physiological microenvironment, compared with ascorbic acid HAsc under acidic conditions), transferring to dialysis bag (molecular weight cut-off=3500 Da) and placing in 37mL of the same PBS buffer solution, holding at 100rpm in a constant temperature shaking oven at 37deg.CIncubation with shaking was continued, and in order to promote sufficient dissolution of the released 5-ALA and Pt (II), 0.1wt% Tween 80 was added to all of the dialysate, and at the predetermined time point 3mL of dialysate outside the dialysis bag was taken for testing and 3mL of the corresponding fresh dialysate was replenished. Another control group (NaAsc 5mM, pH5.0, mimicking the microenvironment within tumor cells) was tested using the same procedure. The cumulative release of 5-ALA and Pt (II) over time was analyzed by the UV-Vis method and ICP-OES technique, respectively.
Fig. 2 is an in vitro release data curve of the polymer micelle prepared in this example, and it can be seen that the drug release rate of the micelle in PBS with ph=5.0 reaches more than 70% after 3 days, and the drug release rate in PBS with ph=7.4 is less than 20% after 3 days. The micelle has good stability in normal physiological tissues (pH value=7.4) and can hardly decompose to release medicines, but when in a slightly acidic environment at a tumor part, the micelle is easy to decompose to release a large amount of medicines due to the fracture of pH sensitive bond amide bonds, so that apoptosis of tumor cells is induced, and the in-vitro acid-responsive medicine release of the micelle is proved.
Example 2
A5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin-loaded dual-drug pharmaceutical composition is prepared by a method similar to that of example 1, except that 26.2mg of 5-ALA (0.2 mmol) and 43.4mg of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH (0.1 mmol) are accurately weighed and dissolved in 3mL of DMSO during the preparation of a high-molecular prodrug, and the prepared high-molecular prodrug is labeled PAIPO@5-ALA 2 Pt, further prepared DA modified Polymer prodrug was labeled DA-PAIPO@5-ALA 2 Pt, corresponding, the obtained double drug-loaded polymer micelle is marked as DA M(5-ALA 2 /Pt)。
Example 3
A5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin-loaded double-drug pharmaceutical composition is prepared by a method similar to that of example 1, except that 13.2mg of 5-ALA (0.1 mmol) and 86.8mg of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH (0.2 mmol) are accurately weighed and dissolved in 3mL of DMSO during the preparation of a high-molecular prodrug, and the prepared high-molecular prodrug is labeled PAIPO@5-ALA 0.5 Pt, further prepared DA modified Polymer prodrug was labeled DA-PAIPO@5-ALA 0.5 Pt, corresponding toThe obtained double drug-loaded polymer micelle is marked as DA M(5-ALA 0.5 /Pt)。
Comparative example 1
A5-aminolevulinic acid drug-loaded drug complex is similar to example 1 in preparation method, except that 39.6mg of 5-ALA (0.3 mmol) is accurately weighed and dissolved in 3mL of DMSO in the preparation process of a polymer prodrug, the prepared polymer prodrug is marked as PAIPO@5-ALA, the prepared DA modified polymer prodrug is further marked as DA-PAIPO@5-ALA, and the obtained drug-loaded polymer micelle is correspondingly marked as DA M(5-ALA)。
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a cisplatin drug-loaded drug compound is similar to that of example 1, except that 130.2mg of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH (0.3 mmol) is accurately weighed and dissolved in 3mL of DMSO in the preparation process of a polymer prodrug, the prepared polymer prodrug is marked as PAIPO@Pt, the prepared DA modified polymer prodrug is marked as DA-PAIPO@Pt, and the obtained drug-loaded polymer micelle is marked as DA M(Pt)。
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs is similar to that of example 1, and the prepared high molecular prodrug is labeled PAIPO@5-ALA 1 Pt, except that 49.8mg of SA-modified polymer was further added, and the prodrug prepared was labeled SA-PAIPO@5-ALA 1 Pt, corresponding, the obtained double drug-loaded polymer micelle is marked as SA M(5-ALA 1 /Pt)。
Comparative example 4
A drug complex loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid drug is similar to comparative example 1 in preparation method, except that in the preparation process of high molecular prodrug, the prodrug PAIPO@5-ALA is further added with 49.8mg of SA modified polymer, the prepared prodrug is marked as SA-PAIPO@5-ALA, and correspondingly, the obtained drug-loaded polymer micelle is marked as SA M(5-ALA)。
Comparative example 5
Cisplatin drug-loaded drug compoundThe preparation method is similar to that of comparative example 2, except that in the preparation process of the high molecular prodrug, the prodrug PAIPO@Pt is further added with 49.8mg of SA modified polymer, the prepared prodrug is marked as SA-PAIPO@Pt, and correspondingly, the obtained drug-carrying polymer micelle is marked as SA M(Pt)。
FIG. 3 shows the surface potential of the polymer micelles of example 1 and comparative example 3 at pH7.4 and pH6.5, respectively, the surface potential of example 1 at pH7.4 and pH6.5 is-10.50 mV and 9.16mV, respectively, indicating that the micelle of example 1 can realize charge reversal from negative to positive in different pH environments, whereas the micelle of comparative example 1 has a significant change in the surface voltages at pH7.4 and pH6.5, has no charge reversal property, and demonstrates the pH reversal characteristics of DA in acidic microenvironments.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of the drug-loaded polymer micelles prepared in comparative example 2, comparative example 1, example 3 and example 2, respectively, from left to right, after the drug-loaded polymer micelles are dispersed in water (the concentration is 0.1 mg/mL), and it can be seen that the water solubility of the polymer micelles is greatly improved after the drug-loaded polymer micelles are loaded, and the formed micelles are uniformly dispersed, clear and transparent.
The drug loading (DLC, wt%), average particle Size (Mean Size), and particle Size distribution index (PDI) and surface potential parameter (Zeta potential) of each polymer micelle prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the particle size distribution of all the polymer micelles prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is narrow (pdi=0.2 to 0.3) and the micelle particle size (about 100 to 200 nm) is ideal, and can be small enough to avoid the capture of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and large enough to prevent the rapid leakage of the drug, so that the polymer micelles with specific particle size and uniform particle size distribution can pass through the tumor site, and the high permeation long retention (EPR) effect shows stronger passive targeting and is enriched in the tumor site.

Claims (10)

1. A drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs is characterized in that the drug compound is prepared by jointly loading cis-Pt (IV) -COOH and 5-ALA on a polymer carrier, modifying by DA and then self-assembling.
2. The 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin dual drug-loaded pharmaceutical complex as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of cis-Pt (IV) -COOH is as follows: cisplatin is oxidized by an excessive hydrogen peroxide solution, and then succinic anhydride is used for modification to obtain cis-Pt (IV) -COOH.
3. The 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin dual drug loaded drug complex as claimed in claim 1 wherein Pt loading in the drug complex is 7-16 wt% and 5-ALA loading is 6-15 wt%.
4. The 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin dual drug-loaded drug complex as claimed in claim 1 wherein the polymeric carrier is PAIPO.
5. A method for preparing a 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin dual-drug loaded pharmaceutical complex as defined in any one of claims 1-4, comprising the specific steps of:
1. preparation of PAIPO copolymer:
s1, preparing PAI copolymer: 2- (amino) ethyl methacrylate hydrochloride and (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride are taken as monomers, 4-cyano-4- (phenylthioformyl thio) valeric acid is taken as a RAFT chain transfer agent, 2' -azobisisobutyronitrile is taken as a free radical initiator, RAFT polymerization reaction is carried out in a mixed solvent of DMF and water, and PAI copolymer is obtained after post treatment;
s2, carrying out RAFT polymerization reaction in water by taking poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate as a monomer, taking the PAI copolymer obtained in the step S1 as a macromolecular chain transfer agent and AIBN as a free radical initiator, and then carrying out post-treatment to obtain a PAIPO copolymer;
2. preparation of the polymeric prodrug PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt: dissolving 5-ALA and cis-Pt (IV) -COOH in dimethyl sulfoxide, adding the catalyst 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, dissolving the PAIPO copolymer obtained in the step one with a small amount of DMSO, then dripping the PAIPO copolymer into the mixed solution, performing an amide reaction, and performing post-treatment to obtain a macromolecule prodrug PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt;
3. preparation of DA modified prodrug DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt: dissolving the macromolecule prodrug PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt obtained in the step two in DMSO, adding excessive 2, 3-dimethyl maleic anhydride, then adding triethylamine and pyridine, performing nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction under nitrogen atmosphere, and then sequentially performing DMF dialysis, deionized water dialysis and freeze drying to obtain DA modified prodrug DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt;
4. preparing a drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs: and (3) preparing the DA modified prodrug DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt obtained in the step (III) into a polymer micelle by adopting a dialysis self-assembly method, thus obtaining the drug compound loaded with the 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs.
6. The method for preparing a 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin-loaded pharmaceutical composition as defined in claim 5, wherein the molar ratio of 2- (amino) ethyl methacrylate hydrochloride to (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride in step S1 is 1-1.2: the molar ratio of 1, CTP to (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride is 1:50 to 55, the molar ratio of AIBN to (1H-imidazole-5) -methyl methacrylate hydrochloride is 1: 200-250; the RAFT polymerization reaction conditions in the first step S1 are as follows: reacting for 20-26 h at 60-80 ℃.
7. The method for preparing a 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin dual drug loaded pharmaceutical composition as defined in claim 5, wherein in step one S2, the molar ratio of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, PAI copolymer, AIBN is 50-60: 1:0.1 to 0.25, wherein the PAI copolymer has a concentration of 100 to 300mg/mL in water; the RAFT polymerization reaction conditions in the step one S2 are: reacting for 28-32 h at 55-65 ℃.
8. The method for preparing a 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin-loaded pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step two, the molar ratio of 5-ALA to cis-Pt (IV) -COOH is 1: the concentration of 0.5-2, 5-ALA in DMSO is 5-9 mg/mL, and the molar ratio of 5-ALA to 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride to N-hydroxysuccinimide is 3-5: 1:1 to 1.2, the mole ratio of the 5-ALA to the PAIPO copolymer is 30 to 60:1, a step of; in the second step, the amide reaction conditions are as follows: reacting for 48-50 h at 10-25 ℃.
9. The method for preparing the 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin-loaded pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the concentration of the three PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt in DMSO is 30.7-33.3 g/L, and the mass ratio of PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt to DA is 0.62-0.77: 1, the mass-volume ratio of PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt to triethylamine is 12-14 mg/mL, and the mass-volume ratio of PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt to pyridine is 20-34 mg/mL; the nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction conditions in the step III are as follows: reacting for 20-28 h at 10-25 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin-loaded pharmaceutical composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step four comprises the following specific steps: adding DA-PAIPO@5-ALA/Pt into DMSO, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, then vigorously stirring, dripping a PBS buffer solution with the volume of 3-5 times of DMSO, continuously and fully stirring the obtained mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution into a dialysis bag, and dialyzing with deionized water to remove DMSO, thereby obtaining the polymer micelle.
CN202310277264.0A 2023-03-17 2023-03-17 Drug compound loaded with 5-aminolevulinic acid/cisplatin double drugs and preparation method thereof Pending CN116688141A (en)

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