CN116687915A - 佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用 - Google Patents
佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,涉及医药技术领域,解决现有佛手柑内酯在治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病上的应用尚未报道的技术问题,佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用;本发明的佛手柑内酯中、高剂量组药效甚至超过阳性药吡非尼酮,且阳性药的给药剂量(234mg/kg)远高于佛手柑内酯高剂量组(150mg/kg)给药剂量;佛手柑内酯具有良好的抗炎和抗纤维化活性,是治疗肺纤维化和肾纤维化的潜在治疗药物,具有良好的成药前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,更具体的是涉及佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用领域。
背景技术
肺损伤是常见的疾患,急性肺损伤严重影响着人类的健康。急性肺损伤(acutelung injury,ALI)是各种直接和间接致伤因素导致的肺泡上皮细胞及毛细血管内皮细胞损伤,造成弥漫性肺间质及肺泡水肿,导致急性低氧性呼吸功能不全,是急性呼吸窘迫综合症(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的早期阶段。肺纤维化(PF)是最常见的慢性持续进展的肺间质性疾病,会形成永久疤痕,导致肺功能不可逆的持续下降,多发于40-50岁。肺纤维化原因有很多种,如吸入有害气体或溶剂,服用药物或接受化疗药物、放射线治疗,各种肺部感染(肺结核和肺炎等),自身免疫疾病及不明原因等。在治疗上,目前并无任何有效药物或方法可令已纤维化之肺脏恢复正常。其中特发性肺纤维化(idiopathicpulmonary fibrosis,IPF)是一种罕见的纤维化性肺疾病,病因不明,在几年期间病情进展快速,以肺内瘢痕组织形成、呼吸困难以及诊断后寿命显著缩短为特征,5年生存率低于40%,伴有较高的死亡率。
肾纤维化是慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)进展成为终末期肾病(end stage renal disease,ESRD)的最终共同途径,由不同媒介物通过多种机制和通路介导,包括生长因子,细胞因子,代谢毒素、脂质紊乱和应激分子等。目前临床减缓慢性肾脏病进展和预防慢性肾脏病相关并发症的有效治疗方法非常有限。常用药物或治疗手段包括血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,血管紧张素受体阻滞剂、血压控制和治疗代谢性酸中毒的碳酸氢钠等。
吡非尼酮已被证明能够显著延缓疾病进程,然而在逆转肺纤维化症状方面都是无效的。而吡非尼酮消化道不良副反应发生频率较高,在临床用药出现过皮肤光敏反应,药物性红斑狼疮及肝功能衰竭等不良反应。佛手柑内酯别称5-甲氧基补骨脂素,属于香豆素类化合物。其分子式为C12H8O4,是佛手、当归、白芷等植物的有效成分之一。佛手柑内酯的药理作用有神经保护、器官保护、抗癌、抗炎、抗菌和抗糖尿病作用。但佛手柑内酯在治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病上的应用尚未报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:为了解决上述佛手柑内酯在治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病上的应用尚未报道的技术问题,本发明提供佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用。
本发明为了实现上述目的具体采用以下技术方案:佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用。
本申请的技术方案中,佛手柑内酯表现出抑制肺纤维化和肾纤维化的药效,包括具有减轻肺纤维化实质性损害、抑制肺羟脯氨酸浓度升高、抑制肺纤维化指标蛋白Col1A1和α-SMA升高,其抗纤维化作用与其减少炎症细胞的增殖和肺部炎症因子的浓度,调节免疫细胞等药效作用相关;小鼠肾脏SOD和血清中总甘油三酯、总胆固醇、炎症因子水平降低,MDA水平升高,肾组织的炎性细胞浸润和纤维化沉积得到明显改善;本申请中,佛手柑内酯中、高剂量组药效甚至超过阳性药吡非尼酮,且阳性药的给药剂量(234mg/kg)远高于佛手柑内酯高剂量组(150mg/kg)给药剂量。综上,佛手柑内酯具有良好的抗炎和抗纤维化活性,是治疗肺纤维化和肾纤维化的潜在治疗药物,具有良好的成药前景。
进一步的,保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺组织中羟脯氨酸的含量。
进一步的,保护药物抑制BLM诱导后肺纤维化的肺灌洗液中炎症因子的分泌,炎症因子包括TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-9和IL-6。
进一步的,保护药物增加了BLM诱导后肺纤维化外周血中免疫细胞CD4细胞百分比;保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺纤维化外周血中免疫细胞CD8细胞百分比。
进一步的,保护药物增加了BLM诱导后肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A表达;保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A1和α-SMA表达。
进一步的,保护药物减少了FA诱导肾组织中炎性细胞浸润和纤维化小室形成;保护药物减轻了FA诱导肾组织中上皮细胞萎缩和坏死在内的促损伤过程;保护药物减少了FA诱导肾组织中肾纤维瘢痕周围的胶原沉积;保护药物以剂量效应的方式降低肾组织的纤维化标志物FN蛋白的表达。
进一步的,保护药物降低了FA诱导的小鼠血中BUN和Scr水平。
进一步的,保护药物降低了FA诱导的小鼠血中的炎症因子IL-9、IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6。
进一步的,保护药物抑制BLM诱导产生的肺纤维化和/或FA诱导产生的肾纤维化。
进一步的,保护药物为口服制剂或注射制剂。
本申请中,BLM博莱霉素;HYP胶原蛋白的主要成分;TNF-α为肿瘤坏死因子-α;IL-1β为白介素-1β;IL-9为白介素-9;IL-6为白介素-6;FA为叶酸;FN蛋白为纤连蛋白;BUN为尿素氮;Scr为血肌酐。
在纤维化疾病中,疾病特异性触发因素会引发位点特异性损伤,从而激活不同的细胞,从而驱动遗传易感个体的纤维化。包括肝纤维化、特发性肺纤维化及肾纤维化。肝纤维化是由多种因素引起的慢性肝损伤引起的反应,如饮酒、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、病毒性肝炎[乙型肝炎(HBV)和丙型肝炎]、自身免疫性肝炎、非酒精脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和胆汁淤积性肝病。肝脏中纤维化反应的产生会导致细胞外基质(ECM)成分的积累,导致纤维疤痕的形成。肝脏的结构被纤维疤痕破坏,导致肝细胞损失和肝脏正常功能失调,最终导致肝功能衰竭。肝星状细胞(HSCs)的活化是肝纤维化的核心事件;特发性肺纤维化现在通常被认为是多种相互作用的遗传和环境风险因素的结果,其中对老化肺泡上皮的重复局部微损伤起着核心作用。这些微损伤启动异常的上皮-成纤维细胞通讯,诱导产生基质的肌成纤维细胞,以及大量的细胞外基质积聚和肺间质重塑。环境暴露微粒吸入与特发性肺纤维化的发病机制和进展有关。IPF的主要特征是活化的肺成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞过度沉积细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白,导致气体交换减少和肺功能受损;肾纤维化的特征是细胞外基质(ECM)的过度沉积,导致正常肾脏结构的破坏和肾功能的丧失。α-平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性肌成纤维细胞的激活在此过程中起着关键作用。肾损伤后,受损的肾小管上皮细胞和浸润的炎症细胞分泌促纤维化因子,促进复杂的信号事件级联反应,导致肌成纤维细胞激活、增殖和ECM产生。见参考文献:Weiskirchen R,Weiskirchen S,Tacke F.Organ and tissuefibrosis:Molecular signals,cellular mechanisms and translationalimplications.Mol Aspects Med.2019Feb;65:2-15.doi:10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.003.Epub 2018Jun 30.PMID:29958900.
肝、肾、肺纤维化中细胞外基质产生细胞的潜在细胞来源不同。不同器官纤维化诊断和分期纤维化的方法不同。均见参考文献:Weiskirchen R,Weiskirchen S,TackeF.Organ and tissue fibrosis:Molecular signals,cellular mechanisms andtranslational implications.Mol Aspects Med.2019Feb;65:2-15.doi:10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.003.Epub 2018Jun 30.PMID:29958900.
不同纤维化条件下的炎症反应各不相同,不同器官纤维化,其炎症因子等发挥的作用各不同。对于细胞因子来说,虽然PDGF-C缺乏或拮抗作用未能防止肝纤维化,但在单侧输尿管梗阻模型中,PDGF-C的缺乏阻止了肾纤维化的发生。关于肺纤维化,也有明确证据表明,PDGF通过刺激分泌胶原蛋白的成纤维细胞的增殖和迁移以及激活间充质干细胞和/或在疾病进展过程中有助于形成新型肌成纤维细胞的祖细胞。有研究表明,IL-33可以通过诱导MMP-9和TIMP-1之间的失衡来促进肺纤维化的过程。然而,另有研究表明,IL-33的主要作用是通过调节细胞迁移和激活细胞因子/趋化因子表达而诱导的,而不是调节细胞外基质成分的表达或影响增殖。此外,在肝纤维化中,IL-33被描述为激活促进纤维化的2型先天淋巴细胞以及产生胶原的星状细胞(McHedlidze等人,2013;Weiskirchen和Tacke,2017)。这些例子表明,单个白细胞介素的作用可能在不同的器官和不同的疾病环境中有所不同。
纤维化组织的结构变化表现不同,慢性组织损伤引起的细胞外基质过度积累的器官纤维化可能会破坏器官的正常结构,从而导致器官衰竭。肝脏中纤维化反应的产生会导致细胞外基质(ECM)成分的积累,导致纤维疤痕的形成。肝脏的结构被纤维疤痕破坏,导致肝细胞损失和肝脏正常功能失调,最终导致肝功能衰竭。肾脏由于受到创伤、感染、炎症、血循环障碍,以及免疫反应等多种致病因素刺激,其固有细胞受损,发展到后期出现大量胶原沉积和积聚,造成肾实质逐渐硬化,形成瘢痕,直至肾脏完全丧失脏器功能。肺组织纤维化的严重后果,导致正常肺组织结构改变,肺泡组织被损坏后功能丧失。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、佛手柑内酯表现出抑制肺纤维化和肾纤维化的药效,包括具有减轻肺纤维化实质性损害、抑制肺羟脯氨酸浓度升高、抑制肺纤维化指标蛋白Col1A1和α-SMA升高,其抗纤维化作用与其减少炎症细胞的增殖和肺部炎症因子的浓度,调节免疫细胞等药效作用相关;
2、小鼠肾脏SOD和血清中总甘油三酯、总胆固醇、炎症因子水平降低,MDA水平升高,肾组织的炎性细胞浸润和纤维化沉积得到明显改善;
3、佛手柑内酯中、高剂量组药效甚至超过阳性药吡非尼酮,且阳性药的给药剂量(234mg/kg)远高于佛手柑内酯高剂量组(150mg/kg)给药剂量;
4、佛手柑内酯因其良好的抗纤维化活性,具有良好的成药前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明小鼠21天内的体重变化图;
图2是本发明BLM诱导后肺组织中HYP含量的统计图;
图3是本发明BLM诱导后病理切片图及炎症评分、纤维化评分和纤维化面积统计图;
图4是本发明阳性药,佛手柑内酯中、高剂量对BLM诱导肺纤维化小鼠的肺灌洗液中炎症因子含量影响的统计图;
图5是本发明阳性药、佛手柑内酯中、高剂量对BLM诱导的免疫细胞的影响;
图6是本发明佛手柑内酯中、高剂量对BLM诱导的肺组织中纤维化相关蛋白的表达影响;
图7是本发明小鼠15天内的体重变化图;
图8是本发明佛手柑内酯对FA诱导肾组织病理学影响;
图9是本发明佛手柑内酯对FA诱导肾功能的影响;
图10是本发明佛手柑内酯对FA诱导血液中炎症因子的影响。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
因此,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用。
实施例2
基于实施例1,保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺组织中羟脯氨酸的含量。
实施例3
基于实施例1,保护药物抑制BLM诱导后肺纤维化的肺灌洗液中炎症因子的分泌,炎症因子包括TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-9和IL-6。
实施例4
基于实施例1,保护药物增加了BLM诱导后肺纤维化外周血中免疫细胞CD4细胞百分比;保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺纤维化外周血中免疫细胞CD8细胞百分比。
实施例5
基于实施例1,保护药物增加了BLM诱导后肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A表达;保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A1和α-SMA表达。
实施例6
基于实施例1,保护药物减少了FA诱导肾组织中炎性细胞浸润和纤维化小室形成;保护药物减轻了FA诱导肾组织中上皮细胞萎缩和坏死在内的促损伤过程;保护药物减少了FA诱导肾组织中肾纤维瘢痕周围的胶原沉积;保护药物以剂量效应的方式降低肾组织的纤维化标志物FN蛋白的表达。
实施例7
基于实施例1,保护药物降低了FA诱导的小鼠血中BUN和Scr水平。
实施例8
基于实施例1,保护药物降低了FA诱导的小鼠血中的炎症因子IL-9、IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6。
实施例9
基于实施例1,保护药物抑制BLM诱导产生的肺纤维化和/或FA诱导产生的肾纤维化。
试验例
1.1博莱霉素(BLM)诱导的肺纤维化模型
博莱霉素(BLM)诱导的肺纤维化作为常见PF模型,用以探究疾病的发病机制和治疗方法。肺上皮和内皮细胞的损伤以及炎症反应是由BLM直接注入气道引起。小鼠模型具有PF的三个阶段病理特征:急性炎症阶段(肺泡上皮细胞损伤、炎症细胞募集和促炎介质释放)、亚急性阶段(促纤维化细胞因子表达和损伤部位周围的成纤维细胞增殖和分化)和终末阶段(胶原沉积和纤维化)。
雄性C57BL/6小鼠(体重20-22g,SPF级)。将小鼠随机分为两批各6组(每组10只),包括:(1)对照组(生理盐水,Control);(2)BLM组(BLM);(3)BLM+比菲尼酮(PFD,阳性对照药物,234mg/kg/天);(4)BLM+佛手柑内酯低剂量组(50mg/kg/天,F(L));(5)BLM+佛手柑内酯中剂量组(100mg/kg/天,F(M));(6)BLM+佛手柑内酯高剂量组(150mg/kg/天,F(H))。
随后进行预防性给药实验。各实验组小鼠腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠麻醉,仰卧位固定。单次气管内滴注BLM(1.25mg/kg)诱导C57 BL/6小鼠肺纤维化,对照组给予等体积生理盐水。随后即连续口服给予药物21天,每天1次。
1.2叶酸(FA)诱导的肾纤维化模型
叶酸(folic acid,FA)诱导的肾纤维化已在相关研究中被广泛使用,该实验模型概括了人类急性肾损伤转慢性肾病的所有主要过程,包括肾细胞死亡、炎症、肾细胞再生和肾间质纤维化过程。
雄性C57BL/6小鼠(体重20-22g,SPF级)36只。将小鼠随机分为6组(每组6只),(1)对照组;(2)FA组;(3)FA+PFD(234mg/kg/天);(4)FA+佛手柑内酯低剂量组(50mg/kg/天,F(L));(5)FA+佛手柑内酯中剂量组(100mg/kg/天,F(M));(4)FA+佛手柑内酯高剂量组(150mg/kg/天,F(H))。
用0.3mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液配制25mg/mL的FA溶液,单次腹腔注射250mg/kg,对照组给予等量生理盐水。
1.3免疫印迹实验
对于动物实验,取一定量肺(肾)组织,在与细胞蛋白相同的裂解缓冲液中匀浆。使用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(CWBIO,中国)测定蛋白质浓度。上样量为45μg总蛋白,用10%十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,然后转移到0.22μm PVDF膜(Millipore,Darmstadt,Germany)。在室温下用8%脱脂牛奶(Beyotime,中国)封闭2h后,PVDF膜与一抗体在4℃下孵育过夜。第二天,将PVDF膜与鼠二抗或兔二抗在室温下孵育1小时。加ECL发光液(Millipore,Darmstadt,Germany)显影,并使用Image J软件进一步定量。
1.4组织病理学检测
各实验组C57BL/6小鼠处死后,在室温下,用4%多聚甲醛固定左肺(肾)组织,然后将左肺(肾)组织包埋在石蜡块中并切成5μm切片进行染色。用苏木精-伊红(HE)和Masson染色法(显示组织中纤维的染色方法)对切片进行染色,以评估肺(肾)部的组织病理学变化,并使用光学显微镜(Olympus BX51,Japan)以×200的放大倍数拍摄染色后的肺部组织切片。分别通过表1和表2中所示的方法计算纤维化程度和病理评分。
表1:小鼠肺部病理炎症评分标准
表2:小鼠肺部纤维化评分标准
1.5肺纤维化小鼠的羟脯氨酸含量测定
肺组织的羟脯氨酸(HYP,胶原蛋白的主要成分)含量能够反映动物体内胶原蛋白的水平,即反映纤维化的进展。在本研究中,根据HYP分析试剂盒说明书(中国南京建成生物工程研究所,A030-2-1)测量右上肺组织中的HYP含量。取新鲜右肺组织30-100mg(湿重),准确称取重量,置试管内,加1mL水解液于试管内。然后,将试管置于沸水浴中20分钟进行水解反应。待裂解液冷却至室温后,将裂解液的pH值调节至6.0-6.8。以3500rpm离心10分钟,并将1mL上清液转移到新试管中。最后,在550nm波长检测每个样品的吸光度,以水为空白,以标准品为参照,使用以下公式计算HYP含量:
1.6流式细胞术
取100μL小鼠外周血,用血液抗凝剂(肝素钠)处理去除红细胞。将0.3μlCD3-PerCP(Invitrogen,Austria)、CD4-FITC(Biolegend,USA)、CD8-APC(Biolegend,USA)及30μlconjugated moAbs混合,然后将混合液加入处理好的外周血中,并在4℃、避光条件下培养30分钟。之后去除上清液,用800μLPBS洗涤样品,并以700g离心5分钟。在PBS中加入5mL 1%多聚甲醛固定,并用流式细胞仪(Beckman Coulter,USA)分析样品。
1.7Elisa检测细胞因子
收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),用1mL PBS轻轻冲洗肺部三次(1-0.4mL,2-0.3mL,3-0.3mL)。在3000rpm下离心10分钟。样品储存-80℃环境中,用于细胞因子分析(Elisa)。按照制造商的说明,通过ELISA试剂盒(Invitrogen,Austria)检测炎症因子浓度,包括IL-1β、IL-6、IL-9和TNF-α。
收集小鼠血清,3000r/min离心10min。样品储存-80℃环境中,用于细胞因子分析(Elisa)。按照制造商的说明,通过ELISA试剂盒(Invitrogen,Austria)检测炎症因子浓度,包括IL-1β、IL-6、IL-9和TNF-α。
1.8血清尿素氮和血清肌酐测定
在本研究中,尿素氮(BUN)测试盒说明书(中国南京建成生物工程研究所,C013-2-1)和肌酐(CRE)测定试剂盒说明书(中国南京建成生物工程研究所,C011-2-1)测量小鼠血清中尿素氮和肌酐的含量。
N:样本测试前稀释倍数;
1.9数据与统计分析
数据和统计分析符合药理学实验设计和分析的建议。使用GraphPad Prism 8.2.1软件对数据进行处理。结果表示为means±SEM。两组之间的差异通过ANOVA检验及秩和检验进行评估。
2.结果
2.1佛手柑内酯抗肺纤维化结果
2.1.1动物体重评测
从动物实验开始,每3天测量一次小鼠的体重,直到21天处死小鼠。如图1所示,体重变化显示BLM诱导会引起小鼠初期体重下降,在第9天后开始恢复,期间各给药组小鼠体重下降优于BLM组。21天时各组小鼠体重无明显差异,显示佛手柑内酯处理对小鼠无毒副作用。
2.1.2羟脯氨酸含量
与正常动物组对比,BLM诱导后肺组织中HYP(胶原蛋白的主要成分)的含量显著升高(#p<0.05)。阳性药、佛手柑内酯(中、高剂量)均显著降低了HYP的含量(*p<0.05)(图2)。结果显示,佛手柑内酯明显的抗纤维化作用。图2为小鼠肺部羟脯氨酸含量,BLM组小鼠气管滴21天后肺组织中羟脯氨酸含量较正常组明显升高(#p<0.05),说明小鼠肺部出现纤维化,而给予中、高剂量佛手柑内酯后,羟脯氨酸含量降低(*p<0.05)。统计图中显示的数据为means±SEM;Control,BLM,PFD,F(L),F(M),F(H)n=10。
2.1.3组织病理学检查
病理切片显示,佛手柑内酯中剂量和高剂量能明显抑制肺纤维化的发展。如HE和Masson染色所示,BLM治疗导致肺部形态结构紊乱,炎症细胞浸润增加,肺泡壁和纤维瘢痕厚度增加。阳性药和佛手柑内酯(中、高剂量)可明显改善这种情况,且佛手柑内酯高剂量药效优于阳性药。同时,我们使用Image J软件对Masson染色切片的蓝染纤维化部分进行定量。与模型组相比,阳性药和佛手柑内酯(中、高剂量)治疗组小鼠肺部纤维化面积显著减少(图3)。结果显示,佛手柑内酯有良好的抗肺纤维化效果。图3为病理切片显示,佛手柑内酯中剂量和高剂量能明显抑制肺纤维化的发展。A).炎症评分;B).纤维化评分;C).纤维化面积。BLM造模21天后,模型组(BLM)炎症评分等级、Ashcroft score评分等级、肺纤维化面积显著增加(###p<0.001)。给予阳性药(PFD)、中高剂量佛手柑内酯(F(H))后,炎症评分下降;给予阳性药、中高剂量佛手柑内酯后,Ashcroft score评分明显下降,小鼠肺纤维化面积也显著下降(***p<0.001、*p<0.05)。实验结果以means±SEM表示;Control,BLM,PFD,F(L),F(M),F(H)n=10。
2.1.4佛手柑内酯对炎症因子的影响
与正常组相比,BLM诱导肺纤维化小鼠的肺灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-6(IL-6)的水平有显著性差异(#p<0.05、##p<0.01、###p<0.001)。阳性药,佛手柑内酯中,高剂量对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-9(IL-9)和白介素-6(IL-6)四种炎症因子的分泌有明显抑制作用(**p<0.01、*p<0.05)。(图4)。这些结果提示,佛手柑内酯可能通过调节小鼠炎症情况,进而改善BLM诱导产生的肺纤维化。图4中A)肺灌洗液TNF-α含量;B)肺灌洗液中IL-6含量;C)肺灌洗液中IL-1β含量;D)肺灌洗液中IL-9含量;统计图显示的数据为means±SEM,Control,BLM,PFD,F(L),F(M),F(H)n=10。
2.1.5佛手柑内酯对免疫细胞的影响
对于肺纤维化小鼠外周血采集后,流式细胞仪检测CD4细胞和CD8细胞。相比较与正常动物,结果(图5)显示BLM组CD4细胞百分比明显下降,而CD8细胞百分比明显上升(##p<0.01、###p<0.001)。与模型组相比,阳性药治疗小鼠中CD4细胞百分比明显下降(***p<0.001),CD8细胞百分比则明显上升(*p<0.05)。佛手柑内酯中,高剂量组小鼠中CD4细胞百分比有明显上升趋势,CD8细胞百分比则有明显下降趋势(***p<0.01、*p<0.05)。这些结果提示,佛手柑内酯可能通过调节免疫,进而改善BLM诱导产生的肺纤维化。图5为佛手柑内酯可能通过调节免疫,进而改善BLM诱导产生的肺纤维化。流式细胞术检测免疫细胞CD4细胞和CD8细胞百分比。统计图中显示的数据为means±SEM,Control,BLM,PFD,F(L),F(M),F(H)n=10。
2.1.6佛手柑内酯对肺组织中纤维化相关蛋白的表达影响。
每组小鼠随机挑选3只,用Western Blot检测小鼠肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白的表达,实验结果显示:与Control组比较,模型组小鼠肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A表达显著增多(##p<0.01)。与模型组相比,佛手柑内酯给药中、高剂量组肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A1,α-SMA表达均显著减少(*p<0.05),结果见图6。图6为小鼠肺组织肺纤维化相关蛋白表达。A)肺组织COL1A1,α-SMA蛋白表达条带,B)COL1A1,α-SMA表达量,统计图中显示的数据为平均值±SEM,n=3。与空白组相比,模型组##p<0.01。与对照组比较,给药组*p<0.05。
2.2佛手柑内酯抗肾纤维化结果
2.2.1动物体重评测
在动物实验中,从实验开始每隔3天测量一次小鼠的体重,直到第15天处死。结果表明,FA导致小鼠初始体重下降,并在第9天开始恢复,治疗组小鼠的体重下降幅度大于FA组。到第15天时,各组小鼠的体重没有显著差异,这表明使用佛手柑内酯治疗对小鼠没有毒副作用。图7为小鼠15天内的体重变化。2.2.2肾组织病理学病理评测
在FA诱导肾纤维化小鼠中检测到明显的纤维化迹象,包括肾小管形态改变、上皮分化丧失、大量肌成纤维细胞群、过度胶原沉积和巨噬细胞定植(图8)。与对照组相比,FA组小鼠肾组织出现肾小球扩张、毛细血管扩张、系膜基质增生,并伴有不同程度的肾小管扩张、肾小管上皮细胞出现空泡、颗粒变性等病理改变。中、高剂量佛手柑内酯治疗组病理改变明显改善,炎性细胞浸润和纤维化小室形成明显减少。佛手柑内酯预处理可明显减轻包括上皮细胞萎缩和坏死在内的促损伤过程,同时Masson结果提示,FA小鼠肾纤维瘢痕周围有大量胶原沉积,佛手柑内酯能有效减少胶原沉积。对小鼠肾组织的纤维化标志物FN蛋白进行免疫组化染色发现,小鼠肾脏的纤维化标志物在FA处理后显著升高,而佛手柑内酯可以有效的以剂量效应的方式降低FN的表达。我们的研究结果表明,佛手柑内酯可减轻FA诱导的肾纤维化。图8,FA造模14天后,模型组病理损伤显著增加(###p<0.001),给予PFD、中、高剂量佛手柑内酯后,病理评分明显下降(***p<0.001);与正常对照组比较,模型组纤维化面积显著上升(###p<0.001);与模型组比较,给予PFD、中、高剂量佛手柑内酯后,小鼠肾纤维化面积也显著下降(***p<0.001)。统计图显示的数据为means±SEM,Control,BLM,PFD,F(L),F(M),F(H)n=6。
2.2.3佛手柑内酯对FA小鼠肾功能的影响
为了评价佛手柑内酯对肾功能的影响,用试剂盒检测了小鼠血中尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(Scr)的水平。图9所示结果显示,叶酸导致BUN和Scr显著升高(###p<0.001),表明肾功能明显受损。相反,佛手柑内酯或PFD治疗导致BUN和Scr水平降低(***p<0.001),表明佛手柑内酯有效地改善了肾功能。图9,FA造模14天后,模型组肾功能损伤显著增加(###p<0.001),给予PFD、咖啡酸乙酯后,肾功能损伤评分明显下降(***p<0.001)。统计图显示的数据为means±SEM,Control,BLM,PFD,F(L),F(M),F(H)n=6。
2.2.4佛手柑内酯对FA小鼠炎症因子的影响
与正常对照组比较,FA组小鼠的炎症因子IL-9、IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6均显著升高(###p<0.001)(图10),与FA组小鼠相比,PFD组、中、高剂量佛手柑内酯治疗组的炎症因子均显著降低(***p<0.001)。图10,小鼠血液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-9的分泌水平。与空白组相比,模型组(###p<0.001)。与模型组比较,给药组(***p<0.001)。统计图显示的数据为means±SEM,Control,BLM,PFD,F(L),F(M),F(H)n=6。
本申请中,保护药物为口服制剂或注射制剂。
Claims (10)
1.佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺组织中羟脯氨酸的含量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物抑制BLM诱导后肺纤维化的肺灌洗液中炎症因子的分泌,炎症因子包括TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-9和IL-6。
4.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物增加了BLM诱导后肺纤维化外周血中免疫细胞CD4细胞百分比;保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺纤维化外周血中免疫细胞CD8细胞百分比。
5.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物增加了BLM诱导后肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A表达;保护药物降低了BLM诱导后肺组织中肺纤维化相关蛋白COL1A1和α-SMA表达。
6.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物减少了FA诱导肾组织中炎性细胞浸润和纤维化小室形成;保护药物减轻了FA诱导肾组织中上皮细胞萎缩和坏死在内的促损伤过程;保护药物减少了FA诱导肾组织中肾纤维瘢痕周围的胶原沉积;保护药物以剂量效应的方式降低肾组织的纤维化标志物FN蛋白的表达。
7.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物降低了FA诱导的小鼠血中BUN和Scr水平。
8.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物降低了FA诱导的小鼠血中的炎症因子IL-9、IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6。
9.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物抑制BLM诱导产生的肺纤维化和/或FA诱导产生的肾纤维化。
10.根据权利要求1所述的佛手柑内酯在制备治疗肺损伤和慢性肾病保护药物中的应用,其特征在于,保护药物为口服制剂或注射制剂。
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