CN116684003A - Quantum communication-based railway line air-ground comprehensive monitoring method and system - Google Patents

Quantum communication-based railway line air-ground comprehensive monitoring method and system Download PDF

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CN116684003A
CN116684003A CN202310927047.1A CN202310927047A CN116684003A CN 116684003 A CN116684003 A CN 116684003A CN 202310927047 A CN202310927047 A CN 202310927047A CN 116684003 A CN116684003 A CN 116684003A
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length
data
bit
sequence
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CN116684003B (en
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徐忱
魏宏涛
韦裕霖
赵毅恒
韦盈
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Nanjing Zhongke Qixin Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0006—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
    • H04L1/0007—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format by modifying the frame length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
    • H04L1/0079—Formats for control data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/24—Testing correct operation
    • H04L1/245—Testing correct operation by using the properties of transmission codes
    • H04L1/246—Testing correct operation by using the properties of transmission codes two-level transmission codes, e.g. binary
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of data transmission, in particular to a method and a system for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along a railway based on quantum communication, which are used for acquiring a data sequence and all objects to be encoded; calculating the average bit length corresponding to each bit length pair according to the frequencies of all the objects to be coded; dividing all the objects to be encoded into a first type and a second type according to the average bit length; obtaining a coding table; calculating the applicability of the cycle length according to the probabilities of the first type and the second type of all bits corresponding to the cycle length; obtaining a target period length and a corresponding type template according to the applicability; and encoding the data sequence according to the type template and the encoding table to obtain an encoding result and a complementary sequence of the data sequence, and transmitting the encoding result and the complementary sequence. The invention encodes the data sequence through two different bit lengths, ensures the decodability of the encoding structure through the target period length and the corresponding type template, and improves the encoding efficiency and the reliability of data transmission.

Description

Quantum communication-based railway line air-ground comprehensive monitoring method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data transmission, in particular to a method and a system for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along a railway based on quantum communication.
Background
The unmanned aerial vehicle technology takes the unmanned aerial vehicle as a flight platform, acquires ground object information through the carried sensing equipment, has the characteristics of strong maneuverability, quick data acquisition and high data precision, and is suitable for daily inspection and specific task inspection work of a high-speed railway; meanwhile, based on professional analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle line patrol acquisition data, data support is provided for high-speed railway line management and maintenance.
The unmanned aerial vehicle stores the data on the local storage equipment or transmits the video image data to the ground airport in real time when acquiring the data, and the data is compressed by adopting a proper coding method no matter the local storage or the real-time transmission, so that the cost of data transmission and storage can be reduced, the reliability of the data transmission is improved, and the data quality is ensured.
When the data sequence is encoded, the optimal average bit length of the encoding result of the data sequence is equal to the information entropy of the data sequence, the theoretical value of the average bit length of the information entropy is not necessarily an integer, and the bit length of an object to be encoded is necessarily an integer no matter which existing encoding mode is adopted, so that the average bit length of the existing encoding methods such as shannon-vanot encoding and huffman encoding cannot reach the theoretical value of the information entropy.
Therefore, how to approach the average bit length of the data sequence to the theoretical value of the information entropy is a key to improve the coding efficiency, reduce the cost of data transmission and storage, and improve the reliability of data transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along a railway based on quantum communication, which are used for solving the existing problems.
The invention discloses a quantum communication-based railway line air-ground comprehensive monitoring method and system, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a quantum communication-based railway line air-ground comprehensive monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a data sequence and all objects to be encoded;
obtaining all bit length pairs, and calculating the average bit length corresponding to each bit length pair according to the frequencies of all objects to be coded; dividing all the objects to be encoded into a first type and a second type according to the average bit length; obtaining a coding table;
calculating the applicability of the cycle length according to the probabilities of the first type and the second type of all bits corresponding to the cycle length; obtaining a target period length and a corresponding type template according to the applicability;
and coding the data sequence according to the type template and the coding table to obtain a coding result and a complementary sequence of the data sequence, and transmitting the coding result and the complementary sequence.
Further, the obtaining all bit length pairs includes the following specific steps:
two integers are combinedRespectively as bit length, and->Two bit lengths are combined into a bit length pairThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In this embodiment, all objects to be encoded need to be encoded with fixed-length codewords corresponding to two bit lengths, and the number of the fixed-length codewords corresponding to two bit lengths is required to be equal to or greater than the number of types of objects to be encoded, so the requirement +.>Wherein M represents the kind number of the object to be coded, and the fixed-length code word refers to binary numbers corresponding to two bit lengths; all bit length pairs meeting the requirements are obtained.
Further, the calculating the average bit length corresponding to each bit length pair includes the following specific steps:
counting the frequency of each object to be coded in the data sequence, and arranging all the objects to be coded according to the sequence from the large frequency to the small frequency;
for any one bit length pairGive->The allocation bit length of the object to be encoded is equal to +.>Is assigned a bit length equal to +.>Is a fixed-length codeword of (2);
according to bit length pairsThe corresponding allocation result of the fixed-length code word, the calculated bit length is corresponding to the average bit length, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing bit Length pair +.>Corresponding average bit length, +.>Representing the frequency of the ith object to be encoded, < +.>And->The first bit length and the second bit length are respectively, and M represents the number of kinds of objects to be encoded.
Further, the dividing all the objects to be encoded into the first type and the second type according to the average bit length comprises the following specific steps:
taking two integers in the bit length pair when the average bit length is minimum as the first bit lengthAnd a second bit length->；
Arranging all the objects to be encoded in the order of the frequencies from big to small, and thenThe type of the object to be encoded is denoted as a first type, and the types of the remaining objects to be encoded are denoted as a second type.
Further, the obtaining the coding table comprises the following specific steps:
and allocating fixed-length code words corresponding to the first bit length to the first type of objects to be encoded, allocating fixed-length code words corresponding to the second bit length to the second type of objects to be encoded, and marking the result of allocating the fixed-length code words to all the objects to be encoded as an encoding table.
Further, the calculating the applicability of the cycle length includes the following specific steps:
any integer in a preset range Q is recorded as a period length n, and a data sequence is divided into a plurality of subsequences according to the period length n; the set formed by the jth data in all the subsequences is marked as the jth set, the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type in the jth set are respectively counted according to the types of all the data in the jth set and respectively marked as the probability of the first type of the jth bit corresponding to the period length NAnd probability of the second type->；
According to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of all bits corresponding to the period length n, calculating the applicability of the period length n, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the extent of applicability of the period length n +.>Representing the probability of the first type of the jth bit corresponding to the period length n,/for the first type>Representing the probability of the second type of the jth bit corresponding to the period length n,/for the second type>The representation takes absolute value.
Further, the obtaining the target period length and the corresponding type template comprises the following specific steps:
the cycle length with the largest applicability is recorded as a target cycle length N;
according to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of each bit corresponding to the target period length, the target type of each bit corresponding to the target period length is obtained, specifically: for the jth bit corresponding to the target period length, ifTaking the first type as the target type of the jth bit corresponding to the target period length, otherwise taking the second type as the target type of the jth bit corresponding to the target period length; and (3) marking a sequence formed by the target types of each bit corresponding to the target period length according to the sequence as a type template.
Further, the method for obtaining the coding result and the complementary sequence of the data sequence comprises the following specific steps:
judging the type of each data in the data sequence according to the type template: if the kth data in the data sequence belongs to the type and the type templateThe kth data is special data if the target types are different; marking all special data in the data sequence as a complementary sequence to the sequence of position sequence numbers, wherein +.>Representing division remainder, N representing a target cycle length;
and coding the data sequence according to the fixed-length code words of all the objects to be coded, and recording the sequence formed by the coding results of all the data in the data sequence according to the sequence as the coding result of the data sequence.
The invention further provides a railway line space-earth comprehensive monitoring system based on quantum communication, which comprises a sender communication module and a receiver communication module, wherein the sender communication module comprises an encoding module, a light source module and a sender quantum encoding module, and the receiver communication module comprises a receiver quantum decoding module, a receiver data reading module and a decoding module; the coding module is used for realizing the steps of the method; the light source module is used for sending out coded pulses containing a plurality of different frequency components; the sender quantum coding module is connected with the light source module and is used for obtaining coding pulses and transmitting the coding pulses to the receiver decoding module; the receiver quantum decoding module is used for carrying out phase decoding on the coded pulse to obtain a decoded pulse, and transmitting the decoded pulse to the receiver data reading module; the receiving party data reading module is used for carrying out same-frequency pulse interference on the decoding pulse to obtain communication data; the decoding module is used for decoding the communication data according to the type template, the encoding table and the complementary sequence.
Further, the decoding of the communication data according to the type template, the coding table and the complementary sequence comprises the following specific steps:
decoding the communication data according to the sequence, and obtaining the kth data in the type template when the kth data is obtained by decodingJudging whether k exists in the complementary sequence or not according to the target types: if the code word does not exist, the type of the kth data is the target type, a fixed-length code word is obtained according to the bit length corresponding to the target type, and the fixed-length code word is decoded according to the coding table to obtain the kth data; otherwise, the type of the kth data is the inverse type of the target type, if the target type is the first type, the inverse type of the target type is the second type, if the target type is the second type, the inverse type of the target type is the first type, the fixed-length codeword is obtained according to the bit length corresponding to the target type, and the fixed-length codeword is decoded according to the coding table to obtain the kth data.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the problem that the theoretical value of the average bit length of the information entropy is not necessarily an integer, but the bit length of an object to be encoded is necessarily an integer, so that the average bit length of fixed-length encoding cannot reach the theoretical value, the invention defines two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths, and the average bit length of the data sequence approaches the theoretical value of the information entropy by adjusting the frequencies of the fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths in the data sequence.
2. The invention obtains two different bit lengths which minimize the average bit length of the coding result of the data sequence through the number of the objects to be coded and the average bit length calculated according to the frequencies of all the objects to be coded, so that the average bit length of the data sequence approximates to the theoretical value of the information entropy, the coding efficiency is improved, the cost of data transmission and storage is reduced, and the reliability of the data transmission is improved.
3. Aiming at the problem that the decodability of a coding result is poor when two fixed-length code words with different bit lengths are adopted to code a sequence after the data sequence is coded according to the fixed-length code words with two different bit lengths, the invention divides the object to be coded into different types according to the bit lengths, considers the occurrence rules of the types combined with different positions in the data sequence, tries to obtain the occurrence period of the types, and takes the rule of the types in the occurrence period as a type template; during decoding, determining the type of each piece of data to be decoded in the encoding result according to the type template, so that the encoding result has decodability; meanwhile, for the special situation that the type of data possibly exists in the data sequence and does not accord with the type template, the positions of the special situations are recorded independently, which leads to the increase of the data quantity of the coding result, therefore, the invention calculates the applicable degree of different cycle lengths according to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of all bits corresponding to the different cycle lengths, obtains the target cycle length with the maximum applicable degree and the corresponding type template, minimizes the special situations needing to independently record the positions, reduces the data quantity, reduces the cost of data transmission and storage, and improves the reliability of data transmission.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a method for comprehensively monitoring a railway line and an air space based on quantum communication;
FIG. 2 is a system block diagram of a comprehensive monitoring system for air-ground along a railway based on quantum communication according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a system block diagram of a sender communication module;
fig. 4 is a system block diagram of a recipient communication module.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the invention to achieve the preset aim, the following is a detailed description of specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects thereof of a method for comprehensively monitoring the space along the railway based on quantum communication according to the invention, which is provided by the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiment. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" means that the embodiments are not necessarily the same. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The invention provides a concrete scheme of a railway line space and ground comprehensive monitoring method based on quantum communication, which is specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of steps of a method for comprehensively monitoring a railway along a space and a land based on quantum communication according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method includes the following steps:
s001, acquiring a data sequence and all objects to be encoded.
The unmanned aerial vehicle technology takes an unmanned aerial vehicle as a flight platform, acquires ground feature information through carried sensing equipment, has the characteristics of strong maneuverability, quick data acquisition and high data precision, and is suitable for daily inspection and specific task inspection work of a high-speed railway; meanwhile, based on professional analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle line patrol acquisition data, data support is provided for high-speed railway line management and maintenance. The drone stores the data on a local storage device or transmits video image data to a ground airport in real time while acquiring the data.
Specifically, a sequence formed by data collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle in a preset time according to a collection sequence is recorded as a data sequence; the same data in the data sequence is marked as an object to be encoded, all the objects to be encoded in the data sequence are obtained, and the number of types of the objects to be encoded is marked as M.
S002, obtaining all bit length pairs, and calculating the average bit length corresponding to each bit length pair according to the frequencies of all the objects to be coded; dividing all the objects to be encoded into a first type and a second type according to the average bit length; a coding table is obtained.
It should be noted that, since the optimal average bit length of the data sequence is equal to the information entropy S, how to approach the average bit length of the data sequence to the theoretical value of the information entropy is a key for improving the encoding efficiency. The average bit length of the data sequence is intended to approach the theoretical value of the information entropy by means of variable length coding, such as huffman coding, which is simple and efficient, but in order to ensure decodability, any one codeword in huffman coding is not a prefix of another codeword, e.g. if "0001" is used, no codeword with a length greater than 4 prefixed to "0001" can be used, resulting in that the average bit length of huffman coding still differs from the theoretical value. The average bit length of the data sequence is intended to approach the theoretical value of the information entropy by fixed-length encoding, the theoretical value of the average bit length of the information entropy is not necessarily an integer, but the bit length of the object to be encoded is necessarily an integer, so that the average bit length of the fixed-length encoding cannot reach the theoretical value.
It should be further noted that, if the information entropy of the data sequence is 9.5, that is, the theoretical value of the average bit length is 9.5, it is desirable to make the average bit length of the data sequence approach the theoretical value of the information entropy, half of the data in the data sequence may be encoded with a fixed-length codeword with a bit length equal to 9, and the other half of the data may be encoded with a fixed-length codeword with a bit length equal to 10, so that the average bit length of the data sequence can approach the theoretical value of the information entropy; therefore, two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths are defined, and the average bit length of the data sequence is made to approach the theoretical value of information entropy by adjusting the frequencies of the two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths in the data sequence.
1. All pairs of bit lengths are obtained.
Specifically, two integers are usedRespectively as bit length, and->Two bit lengths are combined into a bit length pair +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In this embodiment, all objects to be encoded need to be encoded with fixed-length codewords corresponding to two bit lengths, and the number of the fixed-length codewords corresponding to two bit lengths is required to be equal to or greater than the number of types of the objects to be encoded, so thatWherein M represents the kind number of the object to be coded, and the fixed-length code word refers to binary numbers corresponding to two bit lengths; all bit length pairs meeting the requirements are obtained.
It should be noted that, for the information entropy, the theoretical value of the average bit length is not necessarily an integer, but the bit length of the object to be encoded must be an integer, which results in the problem that the average bit length of the fixed-length encoding cannot reach the theoretical value.
2. And calculating the average bit length corresponding to each bit length pair according to the frequencies of all the objects to be coded.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure that the average bit length of the coding result of the data sequence approximates to the theoretical value of the information entropy, when the fixed-length code word is allocated to the object to be coded, the allocation needs to be performed according to the allocation principle of the fixed-length code word, specifically: a fixed-length codeword with shorter bit length allocated to an object to be encoded with higher frequency, and a fixed-length codeword with longer bit length allocated to an object to be encoded with lower frequency; according to different bit length pairs, the fixed-length codewords allocated to the object to be encoded are different, and the average bit length of the encoding result of the final data sequence is different, so that according to the fixed-length codewords of the corresponding object to be encoded with different bit length pairs, the average bit length of the encoding result of the data sequence is calculated, and the bit length pair with the minimum average bit length is used as the first bit length and the second bit length.
Specifically, counting the frequency of each object to be encoded in the data sequence, and arranging all the objects to be encoded according to the sequence from the large frequency to the small frequency; for any one bit length pairAccording to the allocation principle of the fixed-length code word, the former is given +.>The allocation bit length of the object to be encoded is equal to +.>Is assigned a bit length equal to +.>Is a fixed-length codeword of (c).
Further, according to the bit length pairThe corresponding allocation result of the fixed-length code word, the calculated bit length is corresponding to the average bit length, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing bit Length pair +.>Corresponding average bit length, +.>Representing the frequency of the ith object to be encoded, < +.>And->The first bit length and the second bit length are respectively, and M represents the number of kinds of objects to be encoded.
3. All kinds of objects to be encoded are divided into a first type and a second type according to the average bit length.
Specifically, the average bit length corresponding to all bit length pairs is calculated, and two integers in the bit length pair with the minimum average bit length are respectively used as the first bit lengthAnd a second bit length->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Arranging all the objects to be encoded in order of frequency from big to small, and adding ∈>The type of the object to be encoded is denoted as a first type, and the types of the remaining objects to be encoded are denoted as a second type.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, by the number of objects to be encoded and the average bit length calculated according to the frequencies of all the objects to be encoded, two different bit lengths that minimize the average bit length of the encoding result of the data sequence are obtained, so that the average bit length of the data sequence approximates to the theoretical value of the information entropy, thus improving the encoding efficiency, reducing the cost of data transmission and storage, and improving the reliability of data transmission.
4. A coding table is obtained.
Specifically, a fixed-length codeword corresponding to a first bit length is allocated to a first type of object to be encoded, a fixed-length codeword corresponding to a second bit length is allocated to a second type of object to be encoded, and the result of allocation of the fixed-length codewords to all the objects to be encoded is recorded as an encoding table.
S003, calculating the applicability of the cycle length according to the probabilities of the first type and the second type of all bits corresponding to the cycle length, and obtaining the target cycle length and the corresponding type template according to the applicability.
1. And calculating the applicability of the period length according to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of all bits corresponding to the period length.
It should be noted that, although the average bit length of the data sequence can be made to approach the theoretical value of the information entropy by adjusting the frequencies of the fixed-length codewords of two different bit lengths in the data sequence; however, after the data sequence is actually encoded according to the fixed-length code words with two different bit lengths, the two fixed-length code words with different bit lengths are mixed in the encoding result, and decoding errors are caused by the fixed-length code words with different bit lengths during decoding. For example, for the object A, B, C, D to be encoded, the corresponding fixed-length codewords are a:00001111, b:000011110, and c:00011110, and D:01010101, if the data sequence is "ABBDC", the encoding result of the data sequence is "000011110000111100000111100000111100101010100011110", and when the encoding result of the data sequence "ABBDC" is "000011110000111100000111100000111100101010100011110", there are two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths, and therefore, the fixed-length codewords may be decoded into "AB" according to "00001111, 000011110" and may be decoded into "BC" according to "000011110, 00011110", which results in poor decodability of the encoding result when the sequence is encoded by using the two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths.
It should be further noted that, in order to make the average bit length of the data sequence approach the theoretical value of the information entropy by adjusting the frequencies of the fixed-length codewords with two different bit lengths in the data sequence, and make the encoding result have decodability, the bit length of each fixed-length codeword in the encoding result needs to be determined, so that the object to be encoded is divided into different types according to the bit lengths, and the occurrence rules of the types at different positions in the encoding result combined with the data sequence are considered, so as to attempt to obtain the occurrence period of the types, and the rule of the types in the occurrence period is used as a type template; during decoding, determining the type of each piece of data to be decoded in the encoding result according to the type template, so that the encoding result has decodability; however, there may be special cases in the data sequence where the type of the data does not conform to the type template, and for the special cases, it is necessary to record the positions of the special cases separately, and further increase the data amount of the encoding result, so for the obtained type template, it is desirable that the fewer the special cases are, the better.
A range Q is preset, wherein the present embodiment is described by taking q= [2,10] as an example, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and Q depends on the specific implementation.
Specifically, any integer in the range Q is recorded as a period length n, and the data sequence is divided into a plurality of subsequences according to the period length n; the j-th data set in all sub-sequences is marked as j-th set, the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type in the j-th set are respectively counted according to the types (the first type or the second type) of all the data in the j-th set and respectively marked as the probability of the first type of the j-th bit corresponding to the period length NAnd probabilities of the second type。
Further, according to the probabilities of the first type and the second type of all bits corresponding to the period length n, the applicability of the period length n is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the extent of applicability of the period length n +.>Representing the probability of the first type of the jth bit corresponding to the period length n,/for the first type>Indicating the correspondence of the period length nProbability of the second type of the j-th bit, < >>The representation takes absolute value.
The larger the period length n corresponds to the probability +.f of the first type on the j-th bit>And probability of the second type->The larger the difference is, the more data is in the j-th bit corresponding to the period length n, and the type with the larger frequency is the same, at this time, the type with the larger frequency is taken as the target type of the j-th bit in the type template corresponding to the period length n, the smaller the special case of the recording position needs to be separately carried out, the smaller the data quantity of the coding result of the data sequence is, the shorter the average bit length of the coding result of the data sequence is, and the higher the coding efficiency of the data sequence is, so the application degree of the period length n is.
2. And obtaining the target period length and the corresponding type template according to the applicability.
Specifically, the cycle length with the largest applicability is recorded as a target cycle length N, and the target type of each bit corresponding to the target cycle length is obtained according to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of each bit corresponding to the target cycle length, specifically: for the jth bit corresponding to the target period length, ifTaking the first type as the target type of the jth bit corresponding to the target period length, otherwise taking the second type as the target type of the jth bit corresponding to the target period length; and (3) marking a sequence formed by the target types of each bit corresponding to the target period length according to the sequence as a type template.
It should be noted that, after coding a data sequence according to two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths, the two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths in the coding result are mixed together, so that when the two fixed-length codewords with different bit lengths are adopted to code the sequence, the problem of poor decodability of the coding result is solved, the object to be coded is divided into different types according to the bit lengths, the occurrence rules of the types in different positions in the data sequence are considered, an attempt is made to obtain the occurrence period of the type, and the rule of the type in the occurrence period is used as a type template; during decoding, determining the type of each piece of data to be decoded in the encoding result according to the type template, so that the encoding result has decodability; meanwhile, for the special case that the type of data possibly exists in the data sequence and does not accord with the type template, the positions of the special cases are recorded independently, which leads to the increase of the data quantity of the coding result, therefore, according to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of all bits corresponding to different period lengths, the embodiment calculates the applicability of the different period lengths, obtains the target period length with the maximum applicability and the corresponding type template, minimizes the special cases needing to independently record the positions, reduces the data transmission and storage cost, and improves the reliability of the data transmission.
S004, coding the data sequence according to the type template and the coding table to obtain a coding result and a complementary sequence of the data sequence.
Specifically, judging the type of each data in the data sequence according to the type template: if the kth data in the data sequence belongs to the type and the type templateThe kth data is special data if the target types are different; marking all special data in the data sequence as a complementary sequence to the sequence of position sequence numbers, wherein +.>Representing the division margin and N representing the target period length.
And coding the data sequence according to the fixed-length code words of all the objects to be coded, recording the sequence formed by the coding results of all the data in the data sequence according to the sequence as the coding result of the data sequence, and transmitting the coding result and the complementary sequence.
For example: for an object A, B, C, D to be encoded, the corresponding fixed-length code words are a:00001111, B:000011110, c:00011110, and D:01010101, wherein the type to which A, C, D belongs is a first type, the type to which B belongs is a second type, the target period length n=3, the type template is { first type, second type }, if the data sequence is "ABBDCBB", wherein the type to which the 5 th data in the data sequence belongs (first type) and the type template are the 5 th dataThe type (second type) to which the 7 th data in the data sequence belongs is different from the +.f in the type template>The target types (first type) are different, so the 5 th data and the 7 th data are special data, and the complementary sequence is {5,7}; the result of the encoding of the data sequence was "0000111100001111000001111000001111001010101000111100000111100000011110".
S005, decoding the coding result of the data sequence according to the type template, the coding table and the complementary sequence.
Specifically, decoding the coding result of the data sequence according to the sequence, and obtaining the kth data in the type template when the kth data is obtained by decodingJudging whether k exists in the complementary sequence or not according to the target types: if the code word does not exist, the type of the kth data is the target type, a fixed-length code word is obtained according to the bit length corresponding to the target type, and the fixed-length code word is decoded according to the coding table to obtain the kth data; otherwise, the kth data belongs to the type which is the inverse type of the target type, if the target type is the first type, the inverse type of the target type is the second type, if the target type is the second type, the inverse type of the target type is the first type, the rootAnd obtaining a fixed-length code word according to the bit length corresponding to the target type, and decoding the fixed-length code word according to the coding table to obtain kth data.
Referring to fig. 2, a system block diagram of a system for integrated monitoring of a railway along a space and a land based on quantum communication according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the system includes a sender communication module and a receiver communication module; referring to fig. 3, a system block diagram of a sender communication module is shown, where the sender communication module includes an encoding module, a light source module, and a sender quantum encoding module; referring to fig. 4, a system block diagram of a receiver communication module is shown, where the receiver communication module includes a receiver quantum decoding module, a receiver data reading module, and a decoding module, specifically:
the coding module is used for realizing the steps of the methods from S001 to S004;
the light source module is used for sending out coded pulses containing a plurality of different frequency components;
the sender quantum coding module is connected with the light source module and is used for obtaining coding pulses and transmitting the coding pulses to the receiver decoding module;
the receiver quantum decoding module is used for carrying out phase decoding on the coded pulse to obtain a decoded pulse, and transmitting the decoded pulse to the receiver data reading module;
the receiving party data reading module is used for carrying out same-frequency pulse interference on the decoding pulse to obtain communication data;
the decoding module is used for implementing the steps of the S005 method.
The invention aims at the problem that the theoretical value of the average bit length of the information entropy is not necessarily an integer, but the bit length of an object to be coded is necessarily an integer, so that the average bit length of fixed-length coding cannot reach the theoretical value. The invention obtains two different bit lengths which minimize the average bit length of the coding result of the data sequence through the number of the objects to be coded and the average bit length calculated according to the frequencies of all the objects to be coded, so that the average bit length of the data sequence approximates to the theoretical value of the information entropy, the coding efficiency is improved, the cost of data transmission and storage is reduced, and the reliability of the data transmission is improved. Aiming at the problem that the decodability of a coding result is poor when two fixed-length code words with different bit lengths are adopted to code a sequence after the data sequence is coded according to the fixed-length code words with two different bit lengths, the invention divides the object to be coded into different types according to the bit lengths, considers the occurrence rules of the types combined with different positions in the data sequence, tries to obtain the occurrence period of the types, and takes the rule of the types in the occurrence period as a type template; during decoding, determining the type of each piece of data to be decoded in the encoding result according to the type template, so that the encoding result has decodability; meanwhile, for the special situation that the type of data possibly exists in the data sequence and does not accord with the type template, the positions of the special situations are recorded independently, which leads to the increase of the data quantity of the coding result, therefore, the invention calculates the applicable degree of different cycle lengths according to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of all bits corresponding to the different cycle lengths, obtains the target cycle length with the maximum applicable degree and the corresponding type template, minimizes the special situations needing to independently record the positions, reduces the data quantity, reduces the cost of data transmission and storage, and improves the reliability of data transmission.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on quantum communication is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a data sequence and all objects to be encoded;
obtaining all bit length pairs, and calculating the average bit length corresponding to each bit length pair according to the frequencies of all objects to be coded; dividing all the objects to be encoded into a first type and a second type according to the average bit length; obtaining a coding table;
calculating the applicability of the cycle length according to the probabilities of the first type and the second type of all bits corresponding to the cycle length; obtaining a target period length and a corresponding type template according to the applicability;
and coding the data sequence according to the type template and the coding table to obtain a coding result and a complementary sequence of the data sequence, and transmitting the coding result and the complementary sequence.
2. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on the quantum communication according to claim 1, wherein the steps of obtaining all bit length pairs comprise the following specific steps:
two integers are combinedRespectively as bit length, and->Two bit lengths are combined into a bit length pair +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In this embodiment, all objects to be encoded need to be encoded with fixed-length codewords corresponding to two bit lengths, and the number of the fixed-length codewords corresponding to two bit lengths is required to be equal to or greater than the number of types of objects to be encoded, so the requirement +.>Wherein M represents the kind number of the object to be coded, and the fixed-length code word refers to binary numbers corresponding to two bit lengths; all bit length pairs meeting the requirements are obtained.
3. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on the quantum communication according to claim 1, wherein the calculating of the average bit length corresponding to each bit length pair comprises the following specific steps:
counting the frequency of each object to be coded in the data sequence, and arranging all the objects to be coded according to the sequence from the large frequency to the small frequency;
for any one bit length pairGive->The allocation bit length of the object to be encoded is equal to +.>Is assigned a bit length equal to +.>Is a fixed-length codeword of (2);
according to bit length pairsThe corresponding allocation result of the fixed-length code word, the calculated bit length is corresponding to the average bit length, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,representing bit Length pair +.>Corresponding average bit length, +.>Representing the frequency of the ith object to be encoded, < +.>And->The first bit length and the second bit length are respectively, and M represents the number of kinds of objects to be encoded.
4. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on the quantum communication according to claim 1, wherein the method for dividing all objects to be encoded into a first type and a second type according to the average bit length comprises the following specific steps:
taking two integers in the bit length pair when the average bit length is minimum as the first bit lengthAnd a second bit length->；
Arranging all the objects to be encoded in the order of the frequencies from big to small, and thenThe type of the object to be encoded is denoted as a first type, and the types of the remaining objects to be encoded are denoted as a second type.
5. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on the quantum communication according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the coding table comprises the following specific steps:
and allocating fixed-length code words corresponding to the first bit length to the first type of objects to be encoded, allocating fixed-length code words corresponding to the second bit length to the second type of objects to be encoded, and marking the result of allocating the fixed-length code words to all the objects to be encoded as an encoding table.
6. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on the quantum communication according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the applicability of the cycle length comprises the following specific steps:
any integer in a preset range Q is recorded as a period length n, and a data sequence is divided into a plurality of subsequences according to the period length n; the set formed by the jth data in all the subsequences is marked as the jth set, the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type in the jth set are respectively counted according to the types of all the data in the jth set and respectively marked as the probability of the first type of the jth bit corresponding to the period length NAnd probability of the second type->；
According to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of all bits corresponding to the period length n, calculating the applicability of the period length n, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,the extent of applicability of the period length n +.>Representing the probability of the first type of the jth bit corresponding to the period length n,representing the probability of the second type of the jth bit corresponding to the period length n,/for the second type>The representation takes absolute value.
7. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on the quantum communication according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the target period length and the corresponding type template comprises the following specific steps:
the cycle length with the largest applicability is recorded as a target cycle length N;
according to the probability of the first type and the probability of the second type of each bit corresponding to the target period length, the target type of each bit corresponding to the target period length is obtained, specifically: for the jth bit corresponding to the target period length, ifTaking the first type as the target type of the jth bit corresponding to the target period length, otherwise taking the second type as the target type of the jth bit corresponding to the target period length; and (3) marking a sequence formed by the target types of each bit corresponding to the target period length according to the sequence as a type template.
8. The method for comprehensively monitoring the space and the ground along the railway based on the quantum communication according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the coding result and the complementary sequence of the data sequence comprises the following specific steps:
judging the type of each data in the data sequence according to the type template: if the kth data in the data sequence belongs to the type and the type templateThe kth data is special data if the target types are different; marking all special data in the data sequence as a complementary sequence to the sequence of position sequence numbers, wherein +.>Representing division remainder, N representing a target cycle length;
and coding the data sequence according to the fixed-length code words of all the objects to be coded, and recording the sequence formed by the coding results of all the data in the data sequence according to the sequence as the coding result of the data sequence.
9. The railway line air-ground comprehensive monitoring system based on quantum communication is characterized by comprising a sender communication module and a receiver communication module, wherein the sender communication module comprises an encoding module, a light source module and a sender quantum encoding module, and the receiver communication module comprises a receiver quantum decoding module, a receiver data reading module and a decoding module; the encoding module being for implementing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8; the light source module is used for sending out coded pulses containing a plurality of different frequency components; the sender quantum coding module is connected with the light source module and is used for obtaining coding pulses and transmitting the coding pulses to the receiver decoding module; the receiver quantum decoding module is used for carrying out phase decoding on the coded pulse to obtain a decoded pulse, and transmitting the decoded pulse to the receiver data reading module; the receiving party data reading module is used for carrying out same-frequency pulse interference on the decoding pulse to obtain communication data; the decoding module is used for decoding the communication data according to the type template, the coding table and the complementary sequence.
10. The integrated monitoring system for air-ground along railway line based on quantum communication according to claim 9, wherein the decoding of communication data according to type templates, coding tables and complementary sequences comprises the following specific steps:
decoding the communication data according to the sequence, and obtaining the kth data in the type template when the kth data is obtained by decodingJudging whether k exists in the complementary sequence or not according to the target types: if the code word does not exist, the type of the kth data is the target type, a fixed-length code word is obtained according to the bit length corresponding to the target type, and the fixed-length code word is decoded according to the coding table to obtain the kth dataThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Otherwise, the type of the kth data is the inverse type of the target type, if the target type is the first type, the inverse type of the target type is the second type, if the target type is the second type, the inverse type of the target type is the first type, the fixed-length codeword is obtained according to the bit length corresponding to the target type, and the fixed-length codeword is decoded according to the coding table to obtain the kth data.
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