CN116683184B - Beam pointing design method for phased array satellite communication stationary relative to ground - Google Patents
Beam pointing design method for phased array satellite communication stationary relative to ground Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wave beam pointing design method for phased array satellite communication static relative to the ground, which comprises the following steps: s1: calculating azimuth Az and pitch angle El of beam pointing of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is stationary relative to the ground at the same position as the phased array antenna; s2: determining a coordinate system of the phased array antenna; s3: and drawing a position relation diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna, and calculating a phased array azimuth Az 'and a phased array pitch angle El' by combining the azimuth Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is static relative to the ground, so as to obtain the beam pointing of the phased array antenna and satellite communication. According to the known azimuth angle Az and pitch angle El information of the parabolic antenna, the information of the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' of the phased array antenna can be rapidly calculated when the phased array antenna is static relative to the ground, so that the ideal beam pointing effect can be achieved through communication between the phased array antenna and a satellite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased array antenna satellite communication, in particular to a beam pointing design method for phased array satellite communication static relative to the ground.
Background
Satellite communication has the advantages of wide coverage, long transmission distance, large communication capacity, good transmission quality, flexible and rapid networking, high confidentiality and the like, and becomes a communication means with great competition at present.
In the current stage of communication between a ground satellite antenna and a satellite, a parabolic antenna is adopted for communication, and with the development of technology, a phased array antenna which is static relative to the ground gradually replaces the parabolic antenna to realize communication connection with the satellite. Phased array antennas are becoming increasingly widely used in satellite communications because of their unique advantages.
In order to realize the continuous communication function with the satellite in motion, the inertial navigation device is arranged on the ground satellite antenna, and the parabolic antenna continuously adjusts the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the wave beam according to the information of the inertial navigation device to realize the communication connection function with the satellite in motion. The beam pointing design principle of the phased array antenna is to calculate the phase value corresponding to each antenna channel through the angle required to be pointed, and then write the phase value corresponding to each channel into the phase shifter of the corresponding channel to realize the beam pointing.
The parabolic antenna is different from the phased array antenna, so that the original direction based on the beam direction azimuth angle and pitch angle of the parabolic antenna is directly adopted to be applied to the phased array antenna, the satellite communication function cannot be realized, and the angle conversion of the beam direction must be carried out according to different phased array direction coordinate systems in specific engineering practice. How to calculate the beam direction of the phased array antenna based on the information of the parabolic antenna is a necessary means for the phased array antenna to keep the stable satellite direction of the beam in operation and realize communication with the satellite in motion.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming at least one of the shortcomings of the prior art described above and providing a beam pointing design method for phased array satellite communications that is stationary relative to the ground that addresses the problem of how to calculate the beam pointing of a phased array antenna in motion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a beam pointing design method for phased array satellite communications stationary relative to the ground, comprising the steps of:
s1: calculating azimuth Az and pitch angle El of beam pointing of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is stationary relative to the ground at the same position as the phased array antenna;
s2: determining a coordinate system where the phased array antenna is located;
s3: and drawing a position relation diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna, and calculating a phased array azimuth Az 'and a phased array pitch angle El' by combining the azimuth Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is static relative to the ground, so as to obtain the beam pointing of the phased array antenna and satellite communication.
Further, in step S2, when determining the coordinate system in which the phased array antenna is located, the azimuth angle Az and the elevation angle El of the phased array antenna may be determined, which are defined as the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array elevation angle El'.
Further, in step S1, the method for calculating the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the beam direction of the parabolic antenna when stationary relative to the ground is:
s11: setting the azimuth of a ground station of the parabolic antenna, and calculating a theoretical azimuth Az1 and a theoretical pitch angle El1 of the ground station according to a position parameter between the ground station of the parabolic antenna and a satellite and a theoretical derivation formula; the theoretical pitch angle El1 is the pitch angle El pointed by the parabolic antenna wave beam;
s12: and determining the actual azimuth of the ground station according to the positive and negative values of the theoretical azimuth Az and the position parameter between the ground station and the satellite, so as to deduce the actual azimuth Az2 of the ground station, wherein the actual azimuth Az2 is the azimuth Az pointed by the wave beam of the parabolic antenna.
It is known from theoretical knowledge that the longitude is 180 degrees from the original meridian on the earth to the east and west, and the longitude of other places on the earth is 180 degrees from the east to 180 degrees or 180 degrees from the west to 180 degrees. The latitude is the line angle between the normal line of a point on the over-ellipsoid and the equatorial plane, and the value of the line angle is between 0 and 90 degrees. The latitude of the point located north of the equator is called north latitude and is marked as N; the latitude at the point located in the south of the equator is called south latitude and is denoted as S.
In the technical scheme, a theoretical azimuth angle Az1 and a theoretical pitch angle El1 are azimuth angles and pitch angles obtained based on calculation of a theoretical formula, and are specific values; because the longitude on the earth is limited by east longitude and west longitude, the obtained theoretical azimuth angle is positive and negative, but in practical application, the azimuth angle is positive and the range is 360 degrees, so that the actual position of the ground station is required to be determined based on the longitude and latitude relation between the ground station and the satellite, and the actual azimuth angle Az2 of the parabolic antenna is finally calculated.
Further, in step S11, the specific method for setting the azimuth of the ground station of the parabolic antenna is as follows:
one of the two coordinate systems of northeast and southwest is set as the coordinate system of the ground station of the parabolic antenna, namely the ground station of the parabolic antenna is set on the northeast coordinate system or the southwest coordinate system.
Further, in step S11, the location parameters between the ground station and the satellite include:
longitudes long of ground station e ；
Latitude lat of ground station e ；
Longitude long of satellite s ；
Latitude lat of satellite s ；
Distance d between satellite and ground station;
radius R of earth e ；
Length R of satellite to earth center s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein R is s =earth radius R e +satellite altitude;
the included angle gamma between the satellite and the earth center and between the ground station and the earth center;
the calculation formula of the theoretical azimuth angle Az1 is as follows:
wherein c=cos -1 (sin(lat s )sin(lat e )+cos(lat s )cos(lat e )cos(long s -ong e ))
The calculation formula of the theoretical pitch angle El1 is:
the method for calculating the distance d between the satellite and the ground station is as follows:
cos(γ)＝cos(lat e )cos(lat s )cos(long s -ong e )+sin(lat e )sin(lat s )
and obtaining a theoretical azimuth Az1 and a theoretical pitch angle El1 of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is static relative to the ground according to the above method.
Further, in step S12, the actual azimuth of the ground station is determined, and the specific method for deriving the actual azimuth Az2 and the actual pitch angle El1 of the ground station is as follows:
assuming that the ground station of the set parabolic antenna is positioned on a northeast and daytime coordinate system, comparing the longitude and latitude of the ground station with that of a satellite, and dividing the ground station into the following cases:
when the longitude and latitude of the ground station and the satellite are the same, namely long e ＝long s ，lat e ＝at s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Indicating that the satellite is directly above the ground station at this time, the actual azimuth angleAz2=theoretical azimuth az1=0 degrees;
when the earth station is equal to the longitude of the satellite and the latitude of the earth station is greater than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＝long s ，lat e ＞lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the satellite is on the same meridian with the ground station and the satellite is in the right south direction of the ground station at the moment is explained, and the actual azimuth Az2=180 degrees;
when the earth station is equal to the longitude of the satellite and the latitude of the earth station is less than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＝long s ，lat e ＜lay s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the satellite is on the same meridian with the ground station and the satellite is in the north direction of the ground station at the moment is explained, and the actual azimuth Az2=0 degree;
when the longitude of the ground station is smaller than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is smaller than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＜long s ，lat e ＜lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the north-east azimuth of the satellite on the ground station is the same as the actual azimuth is explained, namely the actual azimuth Az2=the theoretical azimuth Az1;
when the longitude of the ground station is smaller than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is larger than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＜long s ，lat e ＞lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method includes that at the moment, the satellite is positioned in the south-east direction of a ground station, the theoretical azimuth angle is a positive value, and the sum of the theoretical azimuth angle and the actual azimuth angle is 180 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=180-the theoretical azimuth Az1;
when the longitude of the ground station is greater than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is greater than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＞long s ，lat e ＞lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The theory azimuth angle is a negative value when the satellite is positioned in the south-west direction of the ground station, and the actual azimuth angle is more than 180 degrees and less than 360 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=180-the theoretical azimuth Az1;
when the longitude of the ground station is greater than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is less than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＞long s ，lat e ＜lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The north-west azimuth of the satellite on the ground site is indicated, the theoretical azimuth angle is a negative value, and the actual azimuth angle is a positive value and is larger than 270 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=360+the theoretical azimuth az1.
Further, in step S2, the method for determining the coordinate system of the phased array antenna includes:
and determining the coordinate system of the phased array antenna as the left-hand coordinate system or the right-hand coordinate system according to the definition of the left-hand coordinate system or the right-hand coordinate system, thereby determining the x, y and z directions of the phased array antenna.
Further, in step S3, the method for drawing the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna includes:
assuming that the ground station of the set parabolic antenna is located on a northeast-north-day coordinate system, when the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is determined to be a left-hand coordinate system, defining a Y-axis of the coordinate of the phased array antenna as a forward direction, wherein the forward direction is a north-positive direction, an X-axis points to the west, and a Z-axis points to the sky;
the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna is: the Y axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive north direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, the Z axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the sky direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, and the X axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system is opposite to the positive east direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system; namely, the phase difference between the azimuth angle Az' of the phased array and the azimuth angle Az of the paraboloid is 90 degrees, and the pitch angle is unchanged;
the relationship between the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' and the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna can be obtained as follows:
Az’＝90+Az；El’＝El
further, in step S3, the method for drawing the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna includes:
assuming that the ground station of the set parabolic antenna is located on a northeast and north day coordinate system, when the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is determined to be a right-hand coordinate system, defining a Y-axis of the coordinate of the phased array antenna as a forward direction, wherein the forward direction is a north direction, an X-axis points to the east, and a Z-axis points to the sky;
the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna is: the Y axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive north direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, the Z axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the sky direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, and the X axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive east direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system; namely, the sum of the azimuth Az' of the phased array and the azimuth Az of the parabola is 90 degrees, and the pitch angle is unchanged;
the relationship between the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' and the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna can be obtained as follows:
Az’＝90-Az；El’＝El
further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s4: calculating a moving value of the phased array unit through the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El';
s5: and assigning the moving direction value to a wave control unit of the phased array antenna to realize beam pointing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the known azimuth angle Az and pitch angle El information of the parabolic antenna, the information of the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' of the phased array antenna can be rapidly calculated when the phased array antenna is static relative to the ground, so that the ideal beam pointing effect can be achieved through communication between the phased array antenna and a satellite.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the software process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the positional relationship between a ground station and a satellite.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of beam pointing of a parabolic antenna in northeast coordinate system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of phased array beam pointing in a 64-element left-hand coordinate system.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of beam pointing of a phased array antenna in a left hand coordinate system.
Fig. 6 is a positional relationship diagram after combining the coordinate system of the phased array antenna with the coordinate system of the parabolic antenna when the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is a left-hand coordinate system.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of phased array beam pointing in a 64-element right-hand coordinate system.
Fig. 8 is a beam pointing schematic of a phased array antenna in the right hand coordinate system.
Fig. 9 is a positional relationship diagram after combining the coordinate system of the phased array antenna with the coordinate system of the parabolic antenna when the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is the right-hand coordinate system.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. For better illustration of the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a beam pointing design method for phased array satellite communication stationary relative to the ground, which includes the following steps:
s1: calculating azimuth Az and pitch angle El of beam pointing of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is stationary relative to the ground at the same position as the phased array antenna;
s2: determining a coordinate system of the phased array antenna; determining the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the phased array antenna, and defining the azimuth angle Az 'and the pitch angle El' of the phased array antenna as the azimuth angle Az 'and the pitch angle El' of the phased array;
s3: and drawing a position relation diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna, and calculating the position relation between the azimuth angle Az 'of the phased array and the pitch angle El' of the phased array according to the values of the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna and the position relation between the azimuth angle Az 'of the phased array and the pitch angle El' of the phased array, so as to obtain the beam pointing direction of the phased array antenna and the satellite communication.
Further, in step S1, the method for calculating the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the beam direction of the parabolic antenna when stationary relative to the ground is:
s11: establishing a coordinate system, setting the azimuth of a ground station of the parabolic antenna, and calculating the theoretical azimuth Az1 and the theoretical pitch angle El1 of the ground station according to the position parameters between the ground station of the parabolic antenna and a satellite; the theoretical pitch angle El1 is the pitch angle El pointed by the parabolic antenna wave beam;
s12: and determining the actual azimuth of the ground station according to the positive and negative values of the theoretical azimuth Az and the position parameter between the ground station and the satellite, so as to deduce the actual azimuth Az2 of the ground station, wherein the actual azimuth Az2 is the azimuth Az pointed by the wave beam of the parabolic antenna.
Further, in step S11, the specific method for setting the azimuth of the ground station of the parabolic antenna is as follows:
one of the two coordinate systems of northeast and southwest is set as the coordinate system of the ground station of the parabolic antenna, namely the ground station of the parabolic antenna is set on the northeast coordinate system or the southwest coordinate system.
In this embodiment, the ground station setting of the parabolic antenna is located on the northeast coordinate system.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S11, a specific method for calculating the theoretical azimuth angle Az1 and the theoretical pitch angle El1 of the ground station is as follows; drawing a position relation diagram between the ground station and the satellite, and further acquiring position parameters between the ground station and the satellite according to the position relation diagram, wherein the position parameters specifically comprise the following parameters:
longitudes long of ground station e ；
Latitude lat of ground station e ；
Longitude long of satellite s ；
Latitude lat of satellite s ；
Distance d between satellite and ground station;
radius R of earth e ；
Length R of satellite to earth center s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein R is s =earth radius R e +satellite altitude;
the included angle gamma between the satellite and the earth center and between the ground station and the earth center;
azimuth Az;
a pitch angle El;
the calculation formula of the theoretical azimuth angle Az1 is as follows:
wherein c=cos -1 (sin(lat s )sin(lat e )+cos(lat s )cos(lat e )cos(long s -ong e ))
The calculation formula of the theoretical pitch angle El1 is:
the method for calculating the distance d between the satellite and the ground station is as follows:
cos(γ)＝cos(lat e )cos(lat s )cos(long s -ong e )+sin(lat e )sin(lat s )
and calculating and obtaining the theoretical azimuth Az1 and the theoretical pitch angle El1 of the ground station according to the calculation formula.
According to definition, azimuth angle is satellite receiving antenna, and rotates 0-360 degrees in horizontal plane; the pitch angle refers to the included angle between the X axis of the machine body coordinate system and the horizontal plane. When the X axis of the machine body coordinate system is above the inertial coordinate system XOY plane, the pitch angle is positive, otherwise negative. I.e. the angle between the vector parallel to the fuselage axis and pointing forward of the aircraft and the ground.
Longitude is 180 degrees to each of east and west from the initial meridian on earth of 0 degrees, wherein the longitude of other places on earth is from east to 180 degrees or from west to 180 degrees. The latitude is the line angle between the normal line of a point on the over-ellipsoid and the equatorial plane, and the value of the line angle is between 0 and 90 degrees. The latitude of the point located north of the equator is called north latitude and is marked as N; the latitude at the point located in the south of the equator is called south latitude and is denoted as S.
It is known that the same pitch angle can correspond to two theoretical azimuth angles, so that the theoretical azimuth angles need to be converted.
Specifically, according to the longitude and latitude of the ground station and the satellite, the position of the satellite can be deduced, and the actual azimuth angle can be deduced according to the position of the satellite and the ground station and the value of the theoretical azimuth angle in the northeast direction, the southwest direction and the northwest direction of the ground station.
Further, in step S12, the actual azimuth of the ground station is determined, and the specific method for deriving the actual azimuth Az2 of the ground station is as follows:
assuming that the ground station of the set parabolic antenna is positioned on a northeast and daytime coordinate system, comparing the longitude and latitude of the ground station with that of a satellite, and dividing the ground station into the following cases:
when the longitude and latitude of the ground station and the satellite are the same, namely long e ＝long s ，lat e ＝at s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Indicating that the satellite is directly above the ground station at this time, the actual azimuth az2=the theoretical azimuth az=0 degrees;
when the earth station is equal to the longitude of the satellite and the latitude of the earth station is greater than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＝long s ，lat e ＞lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the satellite is on the same meridian with the ground station and the satellite is in the right south direction of the ground station at the moment is explained, and the actual azimuth Az2=180 degrees;
when the earth station is equal to the longitude of the satellite and the latitude of the earth station is less than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＝long s ，lat e ＜lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the satellite is on the same meridian with the ground station and the satellite is in the north direction of the ground station at the moment is explained, and the actual azimuth Az2=0 degree;
when the longitude of the ground station is smaller than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is smaller than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＜long s ，lat e ＜lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the north-east azimuth of the satellite on the ground station is the same as the actual azimuth is explained, namely the actual azimuth Az2=the theoretical azimuth Az;
when the longitude of the ground station is smaller than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is larger than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＜long s ，lat e ＞lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method includes that at the moment, the satellite is positioned in the south-east direction of a ground station, the theoretical azimuth angle is a positive value, and the sum of the theoretical azimuth angle and the actual azimuth angle is 180 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=180-the theoretical azimuth Az;
when the longitude of the ground station is greater than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is greater than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＞long s ，lat e ＞lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The theory azimuth angle is a negative value when the satellite is positioned in the south-west direction of the ground station, and the actual azimuth angle is more than 180 degrees and less than 360 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=180-the theoretical azimuth Az;
when the longitude of the ground station is greater than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is less than the latitude of the satellite, i.e. long e ＞long s ，lat e ＜lat s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The north-west azimuth of the satellite on the ground site is indicated, the theoretical azimuth angle is a negative value, and the actual azimuth angle is a positive value and is larger than 270 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=360+the theoretical azimuth Az.
Further, in step S2, the method for determining the coordinate system of the phased array antenna includes:
and determining the coordinate system of the phased array antenna as the left-hand coordinate system or the right-hand coordinate system according to the definition of the left-hand coordinate system or the right-hand coordinate system, thereby determining the x, y and z directions of the phased array antenna.
Further, in step S3, the method for drawing the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna includes:
assuming that the ground station of the parabolic antenna is set on the northeast and north day coordinate system, and the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is set as the left hand coordinate system, defining the Y axis of the coordinate of the phased array antenna as the advancing direction, wherein the advancing direction is the north direction, the X axis points to the west, and the Z axis points to the sky;
as shown in fig. 3, the azimuth angle Az2 and the pitch angle El2 of the parabolic antenna are first plotted on the northeast coordinate system.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the phased array beam pointing in the left-hand coordinate system of 64 array elements;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the azimuth Az and pitch El directions of the phased array antenna on a left-hand coordinate system;
as shown in fig. 6, the positional relationship between the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna is: the Y axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive north direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, the Z axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the sky direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, and the X axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system is opposite to the positive east direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system; namely, the phase difference between the azimuth angle of the phased array and the azimuth angle of the parabola is 90 degrees, and the pitch angle is unchanged; in fig. 6, az phased array represents a phased array azimuth angle, az2 represents an azimuth angle of a parabolic antenna, and El2 represents a pitch angle of the phased array and the parabolic antenna, that is, az phased array-az2=90 degrees.
The relationship between the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' and the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna can be obtained as follows:
Az’＝90+Az；El’＝El
according to the method, the phased array azimuth Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' can be calculated, so that the beam pointing direction of the phased array antenna satellite communication is obtained.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
s4: calculating a moving value of the phased array unit through the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El';
s5: and assigning the moving direction value to a wave control unit of the phased array antenna to realize beam pointing.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that when the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is set to the right-hand coordinate system, the Y-axis of the coordinate of the phased array antenna is defined as the forward direction, the forward direction is the north direction, the X-axis is directed to the east, and the Z-axis is directed to the sky.
As shown in fig. 7, a diagram of phased array beam pointing in a right-hand coordinate system of 64 array elements is shown;
as shown in fig. 8, the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the phased array antenna on the right hand coordinate system are schematic diagrams;
as shown in fig. 9, a positional relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna is: the Y axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive north direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, the Z axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the sky direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, and the X axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive east direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system; namely, the sum of the azimuth angle of the phased array and the azimuth angle of the parabola is 90 degrees, and the pitch angle is unchanged; in fig. 9, az phased array represents a phased array azimuth angle, az2 represents an azimuth angle of a parabolic antenna, and El2 represents a pitch angle of the parabolic antenna, that is, az phased array+az2=90 degrees.
The relationship between the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' and the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna can be obtained as follows:
Az’＝90-Az；El’＝El
according to the method, the phased array azimuth Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' can be calculated, so that the beam pointing direction of the phased array antenna satellite communication is obtained.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. that comes within the spirit and principle of the claims of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of beam pointing design for phased array satellite communications stationary relative to the ground, comprising the steps of:
s1: calculating azimuth Az and pitch angle El of beam pointing of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is stationary relative to the ground at the same position as the phased array antenna;
s2: determining a coordinate system where the phased array antenna is located;
s3: drawing a position relation diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna, and calculating a phased array azimuth Az 'and a phased array pitch angle El' of the phased array antenna when the phased array antenna is static relative to the ground by combining the azimuth Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna when the phased array antenna is static relative to the ground, so as to obtain the beam pointing direction of the phased array antenna and satellite communication;
in step S3, the method for drawing the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna is as follows:
assuming that the ground station of the set parabolic antenna is located on a northeast-north-day coordinate system, when the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is determined to be a left-hand coordinate system, defining a Y-axis of the coordinate of the phased array antenna as a forward direction, wherein the forward direction is a north-positive direction, an X-axis points to the west, and a Z-axis points to the sky;
the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna is: the Y axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive north direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, the Z axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the sky direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, and the X axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system is opposite to the positive east direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system; namely, the phase difference between the azimuth angle Az' of the phased array and the azimuth angle Az of the paraboloid is 90 degrees, and the pitch angle is unchanged;
the relationship between the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' and the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna can be obtained as follows:
Az’=90+ Az；El’= El；
assuming that the ground station of the set parabolic antenna is located on a northeast and north day coordinate system, when the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is determined to be a right-hand coordinate system, defining a Y-axis of the coordinate of the phased array antenna as a forward direction, wherein the forward direction is a north direction, an X-axis points to the east, and a Z-axis points to the sky;
the position relationship diagram of the phased array antenna and the parabolic antenna is: the Y axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive north direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, the Z axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the sky direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system, and the X axis of the phased array antenna coordinate system coincides with the positive east direction of the parabolic antenna coordinate system; namely, the sum of the azimuth Az' of the phased array and the azimuth Az of the parabola is 90 degrees, and the pitch angle is unchanged;
the relationship between the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El' and the azimuth angle Az and the pitch angle El of the parabolic antenna can be obtained as follows:
Az’=90-Az；El’= El。
2. the method for designing beam pointing direction of phased array satellite communication stationary with respect to the ground according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the method for calculating the azimuth angle Az and the elevation angle El of the beam pointing direction of the parabolic antenna when stationary with respect to the ground is as follows:
s11: setting the azimuth of a ground station of the parabolic antenna, and calculating a theoretical azimuth Az1 and a theoretical pitch angle El1 of the ground station according to the position parameters between the ground station of the parabolic antenna and a satellite; the theoretical pitch angle El1 is the pitch angle El pointed by the parabolic antenna wave beam;
s12: and determining the actual azimuth of the ground station according to the positive and negative values of the theoretical azimuth Az1 and the position parameters between the ground station and the satellite, so as to deduce the actual azimuth Az2 of the ground station, wherein the actual azimuth Az2 is the azimuth Az pointed by the wave beam of the parabolic antenna.
3. The method for designing beam pointing of phased array satellite communication stationary relative to the ground according to claim 2, wherein in step S11, the specific method for setting the azimuth of the ground station of the parabolic antenna is as follows:
one of the two coordinate systems of northeast and southwest is set as the coordinate system of the ground station of the parabolic antenna, namely the ground station of the parabolic antenna is set on the northeast coordinate system or the southwest coordinate system.
4. A method of beam pointing design for phased array satellite communications at rest relative to the ground as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S11, the location parameters between the ground station and the satellite include:
longitude of ground station；
Latitude of ground station；
Longitude of satellite；
Latitude of satellite；
Distance d between satellite and ground station;
radius of earth；
Satellite to earth lengthThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>=Earth radius>+satellite altitude;
the angle between satellite and ground；
The calculation formula of the theoretical azimuth angle Az1 is as follows:
wherein,
theoretical pitch angleThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein,the method for calculating the distance d between the satellite and the ground station comprises the following steps:
obtaining the theoretical azimuth Az1 and the theoretical pitch angle of the parabolic antenna when the parabolic antenna is static relative to the ground。
5. A method for designing beam pointing for phased array satellite communication stationary relative to the ground according to claim 3, wherein in step S12, the actual azimuth of the ground station is determined, and the specific method for deriving the actual azimuth Az2 of the ground station is as follows:
assuming that the ground station of the set parabolic antenna is positioned on a northeast and daytime coordinate system, comparing the longitude and latitude of the ground station with that of a satellite, and dividing the ground station into the following cases:
when the longitude and latitude of the ground station and the satellite are the same, namely=/>，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Indicating that the satellite is directly above the ground station at this time, the actual azimuth az2=the theoretical azimuth az1=0 degrees;
when the earth station is equal to the longitude of the satellite and the latitude of the earth station is greater than the latitude of the satellite, i.e=/>，The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the satellite is on the same meridian with the ground station and the satellite is in the right south direction of the ground station at the moment is explained, and the actual azimuth Az2=180 degrees;
when the earth station is equal to the longitude of the satellite and the latitude of the earth station is less than the latitude of the satellite, i.e=/>，The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the satellite is on the same meridian with the ground station and the satellite is in the north direction of the ground station at the moment is explained, and the actual azimuth Az2=0 degree;
when the longitude of the ground station is smaller than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is smaller than the latitude of the satellite, i.e＜，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fact that the north-east azimuth of the satellite on the ground station is the same as the actual azimuth is explained, namely the actual azimuth Az2=the theoretical azimuth Az1;
when the longitude of the ground station is smaller than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is larger than the latitude of the satellite, i.e，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method includes that at the moment, the satellite is positioned in the south-east direction of a ground station, the theoretical azimuth angle is a positive value, and the sum of the theoretical azimuth angle and the actual azimuth angle is 180 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=180-the theoretical azimuth Az1;
when the longitude of the ground station is greater than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is greater than the latitude of the satellite, i.e，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The theory azimuth angle is a negative value when the satellite is positioned in the south-west direction of the ground station, and the actual azimuth angle is more than 180 degrees and less than 360 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=180-the theoretical azimuth Az1;
when the longitude of the ground station is greater than the longitude of the satellite, the latitude of the ground station is less than the latitude of the satellite, i.e＞，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The north-west azimuth of the satellite on the ground site is indicated, the theoretical azimuth angle is a negative value, and the actual azimuth angle is a positive value and is larger than 270 degrees; i.e. the actual azimuth az2=360+the theoretical azimuth az1.
6. The method for beam pointing design for a phased array satellite communication stationary with respect to the ground according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the method for determining the coordinate system of the phased array antenna is as follows:
and determining the coordinate system in which the phased array antenna is positioned as the left-hand coordinate system or the right-hand coordinate system according to the definition of the left-hand coordinate system or the right-hand coordinate system, thereby determining the x, y and z directions of the phased array antenna.
7. A method of beam pointing design for a phased array satellite communication stationary relative to the ground as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s4: the value of the phase shift of the phased array unit is calculated by the phased array azimuth angle Az 'and the phased array pitch angle El'.
8. The method of beam pointing design for a phased array satellite communication stationary relative to the ground of claim 7, further comprising the steps of:
s5: and assigning the moving direction value to a wave control unit of the phased array antenna to realize beam pointing.
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