CN116679212A - Simulation method, system, equipment and medium for battery quick charge - Google Patents
Simulation method, system, equipment and medium for battery quick charge Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/06—Power analysis or power optimisation
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a simulation method, a system, equipment and a medium for quick battery charging, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a finite element model and simulation parameters of a battery; performing quick battery charging simulation according to the finite element model and the simulation parameters, executing battery charge state and battery temperature at the beginning of the current time step, obtaining charging rate and battery internal resistance through table lookup, and updating the battery charge state and the battery temperature according to the step length of the time step, the charging rate and the battery internal resistance; repeating the simulation step until the simulation cut-off condition in the simulation parameters is reached. According to the invention, the finite element model of the battery is established to simulate the battery charging process, and only the temperature change and the influence on the battery charging multiplying power in the charging process are required to be considered during simulation. Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the difficulty of battery simulation process and performance analysis, and has good engineering practicability and universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a simulation method, a system, equipment and a medium for quick battery charging.
Background
The power battery is used as a power source of the new energy automobile and is one of three main cores of the electric automobile. The quick-charging simulation work of the power battery is an indispensable link in the research and development process, and the simulation analysis runs through the whole product development period. The quick Charge process of the power battery can be numerically simulated through simulation, so that the real-time change process of important parameters such as charging power, battery temperature, state of Charge (SOC) and the like of the power battery can be clarified, the research and development period can be shortened, and the research and development cost can be reduced. In addition, the length of the charging time can be clearly determined through simulation. The charging time is a very important index for checking the performance of the power battery, and can directly influence the use experience and market competitiveness of the electric vehicle. The scheme of the prior patent 202111119758.3 is to simulate battery charging based on an electrochemical-thermal coupling transient model, so that an electrochemical reaction model in the battery needs to be established, chemical reaction and charge transmission processes in the battery are considered, and chemical parameters and reaction mechanisms in a battery pack need to be mastered. The method has great difficulty and needs to have extremely strong electrochemical theory knowledge, so that the method has weak practicability and universality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simulation method, a system, equipment and a medium for battery quick charge, which are used for carrying out charge simulation on the influence of the temperature change in the battery charging process by combining a heat transfer model, so as to solve the problems of high difficulty and difficult application of the technical scheme of the battery simulation in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a simulation method for battery fast charge includes:
acquiring a finite element model and simulation parameters of a battery;
performing battery fast charge simulation according to the finite element model and the simulation parameters, and executing
Obtaining the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a table according to the charge state and the battery temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step, and
updating the state of charge and the battery temperature of the battery according to the step length of the time step, the charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery;
repeating the simulation step until the simulation cut-off condition in the simulation parameters is reached;
the simulation cut-off condition is that the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value or the accumulated charging duration reaches a preset time.
Further, the finite element model is obtained by:
Acquiring a three-dimensional model of the battery;
sequentially performing simplification processing, surface grid division processing, domain division processing and body grid division processing on the three-dimensional model;
and establishing a physical connector, and establishing association between the physical connector and each domain of the three-dimensional model of the battery after body meshing processing to obtain a finite element model of the battery.
Further, the simulation parameters include boundary conditions of the battery, material properties, total capacity of the battery, simulation time steps, and the simulation cutoff conditions.
Further, the step of obtaining the charging rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a table according to the state of charge and the battery temperature at the beginning of the current time step includes:
and determining the charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery by searching a first characteristic table and a second characteristic table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step, wherein the first characteristic table comprises the relationship between the charging multiplying power and the states of charge and the temperature of the battery, and the second characteristic table comprises the relationship between the internal resistance of the battery and the states of charge of the battery.
Further, the step of determining the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a first characteristic table and the second characteristic table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the start of the current time step includes:
Obtaining the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and the average temperature of the previous time step;
determining a highest temperature charging rate and a lowest temperature charging rate according to the battery charge state, the first characteristic table, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature at the beginning of the current time step;
selecting the smaller one of the highest temperature charging multiplying power and the lowest temperature charging multiplying power as the charging multiplying power;
and determining the internal resistance of the battery according to the second characteristic table, the average temperature and the state of charge of the battery.
Further, the step of updating the battery state of charge and the battery temperature according to the step length of the time step, the charging rate and the battery internal resistance includes:
determining the charging current of the battery at the beginning of the current time step according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging multiplying power;
updating the state of charge of the battery according to the charging current and the step length of the time step;
and updating the battery temperature according to the charging current, the battery internal resistance and the highest temperature.
Further, the step of determining the charging current at the beginning of the present time step of the battery according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging rate includes:
Determining the open circuit voltage by searching a third characteristic table according to the battery state of charge at the beginning of the current time step, wherein the third characteristic table comprises the relation between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery state of charge;
obtaining the charging voltage of the battery according to the charging current, the internal resistance of the battery and the open-circuit voltage at the end of the previous time step;
determining a power limiting current according to the charging limiting power and the charging voltage;
determining a first charging current of the current time step of the battery according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging multiplying power;
and selecting the smaller one of the limited power current and the first charging current as the charging current at the beginning of the current time step.
Further, the step of updating the battery temperature according to the charging current, the battery internal resistance, and the maximum temperature includes:
calculating to obtain the heat productivity of the battery according to the charging current and the internal resistance of the battery;
determining a coolant inlet flow rate based on the maximum temperature;
and updating the battery temperature according to the battery heating value and the cooling liquid inlet flow rate.
A simulation system for battery fast-charging, comprising:
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the finite element model and simulation parameters of the battery;
the simulation module is used for carrying out quick battery charging simulation according to the finite element model and the simulation parameters, executing the steps of obtaining the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery through table lookup according to the charge state and the battery temperature at the beginning of the current time step, updating the charge state and the battery temperature according to the step length of the time step, the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery, and repeating the simulation steps until the simulation cut-off condition in the simulation parameters is reached; the simulation cut-off condition is that the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value or the accumulated charging duration reaches a preset time.
An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:
one or more processors;
and a storage device for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the simulation method of battery fast charging of any of the claims.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor of a computer, causes the computer to perform the simulation method of any of the battery fast-charging.
The application simulates the battery charging process by establishing the finite element model of the battery. The finite element model is a heat transfer transient simulation model, the simulation does not need to master the chemical reaction mechanism inside the battery pack, the simulation process also does not need to input chemical parameters, and only the temperature change in the charging process and the influence on the battery charging multiplying power are considered. Compared with the simulation of the battery charging process in the prior art, the method greatly reduces the difficulty of the battery simulation process and performance analysis, and has good engineering practicability and universality.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a simulation method for battery fast charging according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a simulation method for battery fast charging according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of simulated and measured current curves provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a simulation method for battery fast-charging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, by referring to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiments. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are presented by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation.
It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present invention by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the illustrations, not according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details, in other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a battery fast-charging simulation method provided by the invention. The power battery is used as a power source of the new energy automobile, and the simulation of the quick charging process is an essential link in the research and development process. By simulating the quick charging process of the power battery, the real-time changing process of important parameters such as charging power, battery temperature, state of Charge (SOC) and the like can be clarified, and the charging performance of the power battery can be accurately mastered according to the changing of the parameters. According to the invention, the heat transfer model of the battery is established, the influence of the heat generation and the heat dissipation processes in the battery on the battery charging is considered to perform quick charging simulation, complex electrochemical parameters are not required to be input, and the chemical reaction mechanism in the battery is not required to be known, so that the analysis difficulty of the simulation is greatly reduced, and the practicability and the universality of the simulation are improved.
Fig. 2 shows a specific flowchart of a battery fast-charging simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:
step S21: and obtaining a finite element model and simulation parameters of the battery.
In a specific embodiment, the finite element model is obtained by: acquiring a three-dimensional model of the battery; sequentially performing simplification processing, surface grid division processing, domain division processing and body grid division processing on the three-dimensional model; and establishing a physical connector, and establishing association between the physical connector and each domain of the three-dimensional model of the battery after body meshing processing to obtain a finite element model of the battery.
Specifically, a three-dimensional model of the battery is firstly obtained, simplification processing is carried out in three-dimensional design software, tiny characteristics which do not affect simulation in the model are simplified, and bevel angles or fillets at corners or connecting positions of battery parts and equipment are mainly simplified. And then the component models of the battery pack, such as the module, the water cooling plate, the shell and the like are grouped and then are led into a preprocessing program of the finite element model, and the surface mesh division processing is carried out. The grid division graph and size can be automatically executed by software, only the geometric characteristics of the battery pack are ensured to be undistorted, and finally the grid division result is checked, so that the influence of T-shaped edges and free edges on simulation is avoided. And carrying out domain division processing on the model subjected to the surface grid division processing according to the groups, checking the surface grid quality by using a surface grid repairing tool, and repairing grids which do not meet the requirements until all the surface grids meet the requirements. Then, reconstructing a selected surface grid, establishing a grid continuum of a polyhedral grid and a prismatic layer grid, setting the grid size according to the requirement, setting a fluid region to generate a boundary layer, and then executing body grid division processing. Then checking the quality of the divided grids, and if the quality of the divided grids does not meet the requirement, re-dividing the grids; and if the requirements are met, carrying out the next processing. And establishing a physical connector, and establishing association between the physical connector and each domain of the model after body meshing processing to finally obtain the finite element model of the battery. The model export format after simplified processing can be STP format file, which is the format (extension) of three-dimensional graphic file of computer aided design drawing software, and contains data of three-dimensional objects; the model export format processed by the face meshing process can be a BDF (Bitmap Distribution Format ) format file, and is a text format lattice word stock file with very strong readability.
In a specific embodiment, the simulation parameters include boundary conditions of the battery, material properties, total capacity of the battery, simulation time steps, and the simulation cutoff conditions.
Specifically, the fast charge of the battery is simulated, and besides the finite element model of the battery is required to be obtained, the simulation parameters of the battery are also required to be clarified. The simulation parameters include boundary conditions of the battery, material properties and total capacity of the battery, as well as simulated time steps and cutoff conditions. The boundary conditions of the battery represent the connection relationship between the respective components of the battery, and are divided into load and constraint. The material property can be the material property of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte heating performance of different materials can be different. In the simulation process, the charging current of the battery is required to be determined according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging multiplying power of the battery; the state of charge of the battery needs to be determined from the time steps and the charging current. Before the simulation, a preset simulation cut-off condition can be performed according to the requirement, and the cut-off condition can be that the state of charge of the battery reaches a certain threshold value or the charging time of the battery simulation is regulated. The time step can be correspondingly set according to different charging time lengths, in the preferred scheme, when the charging time length is shorter, the time step is also set to be shorter, and the time step is increased along with the increase of the charging time length, for example, if the charging time length is less than 4 seconds(s), the time step is set to be 0.5s; if the charging time length is greater than or equal to 4s and less than 10s, the time step is set to be 1s; if the charging time length is more than or equal to 10s and less than 20s, the time step is set to be 2s; if the charging time is longer than or equal to 20s, the time step is set to be 5s; and setting the iteration times of the time steps according to the charging time and the step length of the time steps.
Step S22: and performing quick battery charging simulation according to the finite element model and the simulation parameters, executing the battery state of charge and the battery temperature at the beginning of the current time step, acquiring the charging rate and the battery internal resistance through table lookup, and updating the battery state of charge and the battery temperature according to the step length of the time step, the charging rate and the battery internal resistance.
Specifically, when simulating the fast charging process of the battery according to the finite element model and simulation parameters of the battery, firstly, according to the initial temperature and initial state of charge of the battery, checking a table to determine the corresponding charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery; determining the charging current of the battery according to the detected charging multiplying power and the total capacity of the battery, and combining the initial temperature, the charging current and the internal resistance of the battery to obtain the temperature change when the battery is charged, and determining the charge state of the battery at the end of the current time step according to the simulation time step and the charging current; and determining the corresponding charging multiplying power and the battery internal resistance again through table lookup according to the changed battery temperature and the changed state of charge. The method comprises the steps of performing quick charging simulation on the battery through a battery finite element model, and performing simulation on the battery charging process by presetting a thermal management strategy, namely influencing the battery temperature according to heating in the battery charging process so as to influence the charging multiplying power of the battery.
In a specific embodiment, the step of obtaining the charging rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step includes: and determining the charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery by searching a first characteristic table and a second characteristic table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step, wherein the first characteristic table comprises the relationship between the charging multiplying power and the states of charge and the temperature of the battery, and the second characteristic table comprises the relationship between the internal resistance of the battery and the states of charge of the battery.
Specifically, the present invention inputs a first characteristic table, a second characteristic table, and a third characteristic table in advance before simulating the battery. The first characteristic table comprises the relation between the charging multiplying power, the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery, and the execution logic of the table lookup is that the charging multiplying power is linearly interpolated along with the temperature and interpolated along with the voltage step; the second characteristic table comprises the relation between the internal resistance of the battery, the temperature of the battery and the state of charge of the battery, and the execution logic of the table lookup is that the internal resistance of the battery is linearly interpolated along with the temperature and is linearly interpolated along with the voltage; the third characteristic table is to determine the open circuit voltage from the state of charge of the battery, and the open circuit voltage and the state of charge are also in a linear interpolation relationship. According to the known battery charge state and battery temperature, interpolation can be performed in the first characteristic table through interpolation functions, and corresponding charging multiplying power, battery internal resistance and open-circuit voltage are obtained. The first characteristic table shown in table 1, the second characteristic table shown in table 2, and the third characteristic table shown in table 3 below, specific data corresponding to the state of charge and the battery temperature are acquired and filled in advance according to the actual conditions of the different battery cells.
TABLE 1
| Temp | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.85 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.97 |
| -20.1 | |||||||||||||
| -20 | |||||||||||||
| -15 | |||||||||||||
| -10 | |||||||||||||
| -5 | |||||||||||||
| 0 | |||||||||||||
| 5 | |||||||||||||
| 10 | |||||||||||||
| 15 | |||||||||||||
| 20 | |||||||||||||
| 25 | |||||||||||||
| 30 | |||||||||||||
| 35 | |||||||||||||
| 40 | |||||||||||||
| 45 | |||||||||||||
| 50 | |||||||||||||
| 55 | |||||||||||||
| 55.1 |
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
| SOC | OCV |
| 0 | |
| 0.05 | |
| 0.1 | |
| 0.15 | |
| 0.2 | |
| 0.25 | |
| 0.3 | |
| 0.35 | |
| 0.4 | |
| 0.45 | |
| 0.5 | |
| 0.55 | |
| 0.6 | |
| 0.65 | |
| 0.7 | |
| 0.75 | |
| 0.8 | |
| 0.85 | |
| 0.9 | |
| 0.95 | |
| 0.97 |
In a specific embodiment, the step of determining the charging rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a first characteristic table and a second characteristic table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step includes: obtaining the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and the average temperature of the previous time step; determining a highest temperature charging rate and a lowest temperature charging rate according to the battery charge state, the first characteristic table, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature at the beginning of the current time step; selecting the smaller one of the highest temperature charging multiplying power and the lowest temperature charging multiplying power as the charging multiplying power; and determining the internal resistance of the battery according to the second characteristic table, the average temperature and the state of charge of the battery.
Specifically, the invention establishes and defines the field functions corresponding to different parameters in the finite element model, and can monitor and acquire parameters needed by simulation in real time through the field functions. For example, the maximum value, the minimum value and the average value of the battery temperature at each time step can be monitored by establishing a field function of the maximum value, the minimum value and the average value. When the battery charging multiplying power and the battery internal resistance are determined according to the battery temperature and the battery state of charge, the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and the average temperature of the battery in the previous time step of simulation need to be obtained through a field function. According to the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and the battery charge state at the beginning of the current time step, respectively determining the corresponding highest temperature charging multiplying power and the lowest temperature charging multiplying power in a first characteristic table through interpolation functions; comparing the charging multiplying powers in the two temperature states, and selecting one with smaller numerical value as the charging multiplying power of the battery in the current time step; and determining the corresponding internal resistance of the battery in the second characteristic table through an interpolation function according to the average temperature and the state of charge of the battery. If the initial time step of the simulation is the initial time step, the charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery corresponding to the initial time step are directly determined in the first characteristic table and the second characteristic table through interpolation functions according to the initial temperature and the initial state of charge of the battery.
In a specific embodiment, the step of updating the battery state of charge and the battery temperature according to the step length of the time step, the charging rate and the internal resistance of the battery includes: determining the charging current of the battery at the beginning of the current time step according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging multiplying power; updating the state of charge of the battery according to the charging current and the step length of the time step; and updating the battery temperature according to the charging current and the highest temperature of the internal resistance of the battery.
Specifically, a field function of the actual charge Current of the battery, the state of charge SOC, and the battery temperature Temp is built and defined in a finite element model. According to the product of the determined charging multiplying power and the total capacity of the battery, the charging Current of the battery can be obtained; after defining the product IT of the charging current and the time step, the state of charge is further defined as the initial state of charge of the battery plus the integral of IT divided by the total capacity of the battery, i.e., soc=initial soc+it/total battery capacity; the battery temperature is influenced by the heat generated during the battery charging and the cooling effect of the flow velocity of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the battery water cooling plate, so that a field function of the battery heat productivity Q and the flow velocity Vinlet of the cooling liquid at the inlet is also required to be established, and the battery temperature can be updated by determining the battery heat productivity Q and the flow velocity Vinlet of the cooling liquid at the inlet according to the charging current, the battery internal resistance and the battery temperature at the beginning of the current time step.
In a specific embodiment, the step of determining the charging current at the beginning of the present time step of the battery according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging rate includes: determining the open circuit voltage by searching a third characteristic table according to the battery state of charge at the beginning of the current time step, wherein the third characteristic table comprises the relation between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery state of charge; obtaining the charging voltage of the battery according to the charging current, the internal resistance of the battery and the open-circuit voltage at the end of the previous time step; determining a power limiting current according to the charging limiting power and the charging voltage; determining a first charging current of the current time step of the battery according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging multiplying power; and selecting the smaller one of the limited power current and the first charging current as the charging current at the beginning of the current time step.
Specifically, from the third characteristic table including the battery state of charge and the open circuit voltage, which is input when the finite element model is built, interpolation can be performed in the third characteristic table according to the battery state of charge through an interpolation function during simulation, so as to determine the corresponding open circuit voltage. The invention also establishes and defines a field function of the open circuit Voltage OCV of the battery, the charge Voltage and the internal battery resistance R, wherein the charge Voltage voltage=open circuit Voltage ocv+charge Current is defined. The invention can also realize the simulation process of the battery under the condition of limited power charging such as a charging pile and the like through the field function. Establishing a field function of a current_power of a limited Power Current of a battery, inputting a charging limiting Power of the battery before simulation, defining a current_power of the limited Power Current according to the charging limiting Power and a charging Voltage, and determining the current_power of the limited Power Current; and comparing the values of the first charging current and the power limiting current by taking the charging current determined by the product of the charging multiplying power and the total capacity of the battery as a first charging current, and selecting the smaller one as the charging current of the battery.
In a specific embodiment, the step of updating the battery temperature according to the charging current and the highest temperature of the internal resistance of the battery includes: calculating to obtain the heat productivity of the battery according to the charging current and the internal resistance of the battery; determining a coolant inlet flow rate based on the maximum temperature; and updating the battery temperature according to the battery heating value and the cooling liquid inlet flow rate.
Specifically, the battery temperature Temp in the simulation process of the invention is mainly determined by the battery heating value Q and the cooling liquid inlet flow velocity Vinlet when the battery is charged quickly, the battery heating value Q and the cooling liquid inlet flow velocity Vinlet are loaded to the finite element model, and then the battery temperature can be obtained in real time through a field function. Defining the heat productivity Q of the battery as the square of the charging Current multiplied by the internal resistance R of the battery, wherein the unit is W; definition the coolant inlet flow velocity Vinlet is determined based on the highest temperature, e.g. when the highest temperature is 25 or higher, the coolant inlet flow velocity is 1.38m/s, when the highest temperature is 20 or lower, the coolant inlet flow velocity is 0.001m/s, and when the highest temperature is 20 or higher and lower, the coolant inlet flow velocity is kept unchanged. The instantaneous heating value of the battery when the temperature of the battery is obtained in real time can be obtained by multiplying the square of the instantaneous current by the instantaneous internal resistance.
Step S23: repeating the simulation step until the simulation cut-off condition in the simulation parameters is reached; the simulation cut-off condition is that the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value or the accumulated charging duration reaches a preset time.
Specifically, after inputting a simulation cut-off condition before simulation, the steps are started to perform battery charging simulation, and the steps are circulation steps of the mutual influence of battery temperature, charging current and battery internal resistance. According to the initial temperature and initial charge state table loaded to the finite element model, the charging rate and the internal resistance of the battery at the simulation starting time step are determined, and the charging current is further determined; the heating value of the battery in the fast charge state of the charging current and the internal resistance of the battery is loaded on the finite element model in real time, so that the temperature of the battery is influenced and the charge state is updated; the next time step of the simulation is started, the corresponding charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery are determined by looking up a table again according to the updated battery temperature and the state of charge, and the charging current is further determined; repeating the steps until the simulation cut-off condition is reached to finish the simulation. The cut-off condition may be that the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold, for example, the state of charge reaches 80% -100%, and then the simulation is ended; or the charging time length of the specified battery simulation is reached, for example, the charging time length reaches 3600s, and the simulation is ended; the battery state of charge or the charge duration can be monitored by a field function. The invention can set the convection heat transfer coefficient and the ambient temperature on all surfaces in contact with the environment in the finite element model, and the influence factors of the battery temperature are more comprehensive. In order to facilitate the analysis of the battery quick charge performance, the invention can also establish reports required by simulation, such as the highest temperature, the lowest temperature, the average temperature, the state of charge or charging current, and the like, in the finite element model before simulation. The report required by the simulation can be defined and obtained through the field function, and the drawing can be produced after the simulation is finished, so that the follow-up check or data analysis is facilitated.
The following are examples of main parameter definitions exemplified by the present embodiment:
the battery comprises 168 battery cells, the ampere-hour capacity of the battery cells is 150Ah, the charging limiting power is 120kW, and the initial SOC is 0.03.
Defining a time step size: ($Time < 4)? 0.5: ($time < 10);
establishing a report of the simulated charging current;
establishing and defining a field function: the Current and time step product IT, the state of charge SOC, the open circuit Voltage OCV, the battery cell Voltage, the Current corresponding to the highest temperature Current Tmax_jier, the Current corresponding to the lowest temperature Current Tmin_jier, the actual charging Current, the current_power120kW of the limited Power Current, the battery cell internal resistance R, the battery heating value Q and the cooling liquid inlet flow velocity Vinlet;
IT is defined as: $ { Current } $ { TimeStep };
SOC is defined as: 0.03+ $ { Sum of IT }/3600/150;
OCV is defined as determined from SOC interpolation in a third characteristic table: interpolateTable (@ Table ("OCV"), "SOC", line, "OCV", $ { SOC });
voltage is defined as: $ { OCV } + $ { Current } $ { R };
Current_Tmax_jier is defined as: according to the highest temperature and the SOC, carrying out interpolation in a first characteristic table to determine the highest temperature charging multiplying power, and multiplying the highest temperature charging multiplying power by the total capacity to obtain a current_Tmax_jier;
Current_Tmin_jier is defined as: according to the minimum temperature and the SOC, carrying out interpolation in a first characteristic table to determine the minimum temperature charging multiplying power, and multiplying the minimum temperature charging multiplying power by the total capacity to obtain a current_Tmin_jier;
current is defined as: 150 min ($ { current_tmax_jier }, $ { current_tmin_jier });
limiting the maximum charging Power to 120kW, the Current limiting current_Power120kW is: 120000/(168 $ { Voltage' Report });
the Current at this time limit power fast charge is defined as:
min(${Current_Power120kW},(150*min(${Current_Tmax_jier},${Current_Tmin_jier})))；
r is defined as: performing interpolation determination in a second characteristic table according to the average temperature and the SOC;
q is defined as: 168 $ { Current } $ { R };
the Vinlet is defined as:
${TmaxjierReport}-273.15>＝251.38:(${TmaxjierReport}-273.15<＝20？0.001:(${VinletReport}>0.11.38:0.001))；
and setting time steps and simulation cut-off conditions according to requirements, and performing click calculation to obtain the fast-charging simulation of the power battery. The charging current extracted by the simulation is compared with the measured data value to obtain a consistency comparison graph of the simulation and the measured, and a comparison schematic diagram of the simulation and the measured current curve provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the illustration of FIG. 3, the simulation method provided by the invention has high precision, so that the quick-charging process of the power battery can be efficiently and accurately simulated.
The invention simulates the battery charging process by establishing the finite element model of the battery. In the finite element model, the implementation heating value during battery charging is used as a heat source to be applied to the model, and then the real-time charging multiplying power, the internal resistance and the open-circuit voltage of the battery are obtained through interpolation in the first characteristic table, the second characteristic table and the third characteristic table according to the charge state and the battery temperature, and the implementation heating value of the battery is further influenced. The finite element model is a heat transfer transient simulation model, the simulation does not need to master the chemical reaction mechanism inside the battery pack, the simulation process also does not need to input chemical parameters, and only the temperature change in the charging process and the influence on the battery charging multiplying power are considered. Compared with the simulation of the battery charging process in the prior art, the method greatly reduces the difficulty of the battery simulation process and performance analysis, and has good engineering practicability and universality.
It should be noted that, the above steps of the methods are divided, for clarity of description, and may be combined into one step or split into multiple steps when implemented, so long as they contain the same logic relationship, and they are all within the protection scope of the present invention; it is within the scope of the invention to add insignificant modifications to the algorithm or flow or introduce insignificant designs, but not to alter the core design of its algorithm and flow.
FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a battery fast-charge simulation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which may be applied to the implementation environment shown in FIG. 1. The system may be adapted to other exemplary implementation environments and may be specifically configured in other devices, and the present embodiment is not limited to the implementation environments to which the system is adapted.
As shown in fig. 4, the system includes an acquisition module 41 and a simulation module 42;
the acquiring module 41 is configured to acquire a finite element model and simulation parameters of the battery;
the simulation module 42 is configured to perform a fast battery charging simulation according to the finite element model and the simulation parameters, perform obtaining a charging rate and a battery internal resistance by looking up a table according to a battery state of charge and a battery temperature at the beginning of a current time step, update the battery state of charge and the battery temperature according to a step length of the time step, the charging rate and the battery internal resistance, and repeat the above simulation steps until a simulation cut-off condition in the simulation parameters is reached; the simulation cut-off condition is that the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value or the accumulated charging duration reaches a preset time.
The module of the system can contain all technical characteristics of the simulation method for the quick charge of the battery, and the using methods are in one-to-one correspondence. It should be noted that, the simulation system for battery fast charging provided in the above embodiment and the simulation method for battery fast charging provided in the above embodiment belong to the same concept, and the specific manner in which each module and unit perform the operation has been described in detail in the method embodiment, which is not described here again. In practical application, the system of the simulation method for battery fast charge provided in the above embodiment may allocate the functions to different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the system is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above, which is not limited herein.
The embodiment of the application also provides electronic equipment, which comprises: one or more processors; and the storage device is used for storing one or more programs, and when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the electronic equipment realizes the simulation method for the quick battery charging provided in the various embodiments.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a computer system suitable for use in implementing an embodiment of the application. It should be noted that, the computer system 500 of the electronic device shown in fig. 5 is only an example, and should not impose any limitation on the functions and the application scope of the embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 5, the computer system 500 includes a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU) 501, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments, according to a program stored in a Read-Only Memory (ROM) 502 or a program loaded from a storage section 508 into a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) 503. In the RAM503, various programs and data required for the system operation are also stored. The CPU501, ROM502, and RAM503 are connected to each other through a bus 504. An Input/Output (I/O) interface 505 is also connected to bus 504.
The following components are connected to the I/O interface 505: an input section 506 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output portion 507 including a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD), and the like, and a speaker, and the like; a storage portion 508 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 509 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network ) card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 509 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The drive 510 is also connected to the I/O interface 505 as needed. A removable medium 511 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 510 as needed so that a computer program read therefrom is mounted into the storage section 508 as needed.
In particular, according to embodiments of the present application, the processes described above with reference to flowcharts may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium, the computer program comprising a computer program for performing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication portion 509, and/or installed from the removable media 511. When executed by a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 501, performs the various functions defined in the system of the present application.
It should be noted that, the computer readable medium shown in the embodiments of the present application may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium, or any combination of the two. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of the computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-Only Memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-Only Memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM), flash Memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-Only Memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present application, a computer-readable signal medium may comprise a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, with a computer-readable computer program embodied therein. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer program embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. Where each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The units involved in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by software, or may be implemented by hardware, and the described units may also be provided in a processor. Wherein the names of the units do not constitute a limitation of the units themselves in some cases.
Another aspect of the application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor of a computer, causes the computer to perform a simulation method of battery fast charging as described above. The computer-readable storage medium may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiment or may exist alone without being incorporated in the electronic device.
Another aspect of the application also provides a computer program product or computer program comprising computer instructions stored in a computer readable storage medium. The processor of the computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device performs the simulation method of battery fast charge provided in the above embodiments.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the application. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. It is therefore intended that all equivalent modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present application shall be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. The simulation method for the quick charge of the battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring a finite element model and simulation parameters of a battery;
performing battery fast charge simulation according to the finite element model and the simulation parameters, and executing
Obtaining the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a table according to the charge state and the battery temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step, and
updating the state of charge and the battery temperature of the battery according to the step length of the time step, the charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery;
repeating the simulation step until the simulation cut-off condition in the simulation parameters is reached;
the simulation cut-off condition is that the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value or the accumulated charging duration reaches a preset time.
2. The simulation method of battery fast charge according to claim 1, wherein the finite element model is obtained by:
acquiring a three-dimensional model of the battery;
sequentially performing simplification processing, surface grid division processing, domain division processing and body grid division processing on the three-dimensional model;
and establishing a physical connector, and establishing association between the physical connector and each domain of the three-dimensional model of the battery after body meshing processing to obtain a finite element model of the battery.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the simulation parameters include boundary conditions of the battery, material properties, total capacity of the battery, simulation time steps, and the simulation cutoff conditions.
4. The method for simulating rapid battery charging according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step comprises:
and determining the charging multiplying power and the internal resistance of the battery by searching a first characteristic table and a second characteristic table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the beginning of the current time step, wherein the first characteristic table comprises the relationship between the charging multiplying power and the states of charge and the temperature of the battery, and the second characteristic table comprises the relationship between the internal resistance of the battery and the states of charge of the battery.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of determining the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery by looking up a first characteristic table and a second characteristic table according to the state of charge of the battery and the temperature of the battery at the start of the current time step comprises:
Obtaining the highest temperature, the lowest temperature and the average temperature of the previous time step;
determining a highest temperature charging rate and a lowest temperature charging rate according to the battery charge state, the first characteristic table, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature at the beginning of the current time step;
selecting the smaller one of the highest temperature charging multiplying power and the lowest temperature charging multiplying power as the charging multiplying power;
and determining the internal resistance of the battery according to the second characteristic table, the average temperature and the state of charge of the battery.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein updating the battery state of charge and the battery temperature according to the step size of the time step, the charging rate, and the battery internal resistance comprises:
determining the charging current of the battery at the beginning of the current time step according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging multiplying power;
updating the state of charge of the battery according to the charging current and the step length of the time step;
and updating the battery temperature according to the charging current, the battery internal resistance and the highest temperature.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of determining the charging current at the beginning of the present time step of the battery according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging rate comprises:
Determining the open circuit voltage by searching a third characteristic table according to the battery state of charge at the beginning of the current time step, wherein the third characteristic table comprises the relation between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the battery state of charge;
obtaining the charging voltage of the battery according to the charging current, the internal resistance of the battery and the open-circuit voltage at the end of the previous time step;
determining a power limiting current according to the charging limiting power and the charging voltage;
determining a first charging current of the current time step of the battery according to the total capacity of the battery and the charging multiplying power;
and selecting the smaller one of the limited power current and the first charging current as the charging current at the beginning of the current time step.
8. The simulation method of battery fast charge according to claim 6, wherein the step of updating the battery temperature according to the charging current, the battery internal resistance, and the maximum temperature comprises:
calculating to obtain the heat productivity of the battery according to the charging current and the internal resistance of the battery;
determining a coolant inlet flow rate based on the maximum temperature;
and updating the battery temperature according to the battery heating value and the cooling liquid inlet flow rate.
9. A simulation system for battery fast-charging, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the finite element model and simulation parameters of the battery;
the simulation module is used for carrying out quick battery charging simulation according to the finite element model and the simulation parameters, executing the steps of obtaining the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery through table lookup according to the charge state and the battery temperature at the beginning of the current time step, updating the charge state and the battery temperature according to the step length of the time step, the charge rate and the internal resistance of the battery, and repeating the simulation steps until the simulation cut-off condition in the simulation parameters is reached; the simulation cut-off condition is that the state of charge of the battery reaches a preset threshold value or the accumulated charging duration reaches a preset time.
10. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:
one or more processors;
storage means for storing one or more programs that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the simulation method of battery fast-charging of any of claims 1 to 8.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor of a computer, causes the computer to perform the simulation method of battery fast-charging according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN117540588B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-06-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Time step adjustment method, calculation method, device and equipment for battery simulation |
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