CN116676003A - Colored radiation heat dissipation coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Colored radiation heat dissipation coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116676003A CN116676003A CN202310651548.1A CN202310651548A CN116676003A CN 116676003 A CN116676003 A CN 116676003A CN 202310651548 A CN202310651548 A CN 202310651548A CN 116676003 A CN116676003 A CN 116676003A
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- coating
- heat dissipation
- radiation heat
- bismuth
- bismuth oxide
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000014 Bismuth subcarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MGLUJXPJRXTKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L bismuth subcarbonate Chemical compound O=[Bi]OC(=O)O[Bi]=O MGLUJXPJRXTKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940036358 bismuth subcarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 108091092878 Microsatellite Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000985 reflectance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
- C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/004—Reflecting paints; Signal paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a colored radiation heat dissipation coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: bismuth nitrate and citric acid are uniformly mixed and then added into nitric acid, the pH value is regulated, and bismuth subcarbonate is generated by high-pressure reaction; annealing in a high temperature furnace to generate bismuth oxide; finally, bismuth oxide and a potassium silicate binder are mixed according to a certain proportion, a coating slurry is obtained through dispersion, the coating slurry is coated on a metal or nonmetal substrate, and a color radiation heat dissipation coating is obtained through solidification. The method is simple, the cost is low, the reflectivity of the prepared coating can reach 99% in the near infrared band, the reflectivity of the solar band can reach 89%, and the emissivity of the prepared coating in the atmospheric window band can reach 98%. The prepared colored radiation heat dissipation coating has better environmental weather resistance and can be used as a spacecraft or microsatellite heat dissipation coating.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, and in particular relates to a colored radiation heat dissipation coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Global warming has a significant impact on our ecosystem and the environment in which humans live, which has become an urgent problem facing most countries in the world. The main cause of global warming is excessive emissions of carbon dioxide, which results in an increased demand for refrigeration. Active refrigeration systems (e.g., air conditioning), on the other hand, increase energy consumption. In addition, they emit greenhouse gases, forming a vicious circle. Therefore, developing an energy-efficient refrigeration technology becomes a possible strategy to reduce the greenhouse effect. In recent years, passive radiation cooling with zero power consumption has attracted attention, and objects on the earth are cooled to an outer space through an atmospheric transparent transmission window by radiation heat without electric power input. Waste heat can thus be transferred into space through this window. The technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection, low cost and large scale.
However, most of the most advanced materials and structures currently reflect incident solar radiation throughout the visible wavelength range (VIS: 0.38-0.76 μm) and near infrared wavelength range (NIR: 0.76-2.5 μm). They thus exhibit a white appearance on a macroscopic scale. This color is very monotonous in large-scale use, and is difficult to meet the requirements of anti-glare and other surface aesthetics. The radiation heat-dissipation coating which has the advantages of color, excellent optical performance, good adhesiveness, simple process, large-scale preparation and low cost is provided, and the radiation heat-dissipation coating is formed by brushing the radiation heat-dissipation coating on the outer vertical surface of a building, so that the radiation heat-dissipation coating has important significance for energy conservation and consumption reduction of the building.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a preparation method of a colored radiation heat-dissipation coating, which solves the defects of white color, attractive appearance, glare, poor heat-dissipation effect, complex process and poor weather resistance of the existing radiation heat-dissipation coating.
In order to achieve the aim of the application, the application discloses a preparation method of a colored radiation heat dissipation coating, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing bismuth nitrate and citric acid in a certain mass ratio, and adding the mixture into nitric acid; then adding sodium hydroxide into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value, and carrying out high-pressure reaction to generate bismuth subcarbonate; secondly, bismuth subcarbonate is placed in a high-temperature furnace for annealing to generate bismuth oxide;
s2, mixing bismuth oxide and a potassium silicate binder according to a certain proportion, and obtaining a coating slurry after ultrasonic dispersion and magnetic stirring;
s3, spraying sand on the surface of the substrate and cleaning to obtain a pollution-free rough substrate;
s4, coating the coating slurry prepared in the step S2 on the surface of a substrate, and curing to obtain the colored radiation heat dissipation coating.
Further, in S1, the mass ratio of bismuth nitrate to citric acid is 4:1.
Further, in S1, sodium hydroxide is added to the mixed solution, and the pH of the solution is adjusted to be neutral.
Further, in S1, the high temperature annealing temperature is 400 ℃.
Further, in S2, the mass ratio of bismuth oxide to potassium silicate binder is 1:4.
Further in S4, the coating slurry is coated on the substrate by an adjustable doctor blade.
Further, in S4, the coating thickness is 200 μm to 400 μm.
In the step S4, the solidification mode is stepped heating solidification, the solidification temperature is raised to 80 ℃ from room temperature, the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, and the cooling is carried out naturally after heat preservation for 1 h.
In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the application also provides a colored radiation heat dissipation coating, wherein the heat dissipation coating comprises bismuth oxide colored radiation heat dissipation particles and an adhesive, and the colored radiation heat dissipation particles have high solar reflectivity while keeping attractive appearance.
The application also provides application of the colored radiation heat dissipation coating as a spacecraft or microsatellite heat dissipation coating.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the remarkable progress that: 1) The color radiation heat dissipation coating prepared by the application has excellent photo-thermal performance, the emissivity of a near infrared band reaches 99%, the reflectivity of a solar full band reaches 89%, the emissivity of an atmospheric window band reaches 98%, and the radiation heat dissipation effect can be effectively improved; 2) The colored radiation heat dissipation coating breaks through the color limitation that the traditional radiation heat dissipation coatings are white, keeps attractive appearance and has radiation heat dissipation performance, and solves the problems of single color, glare and the like of the traditional radiation heat dissipation coatings; 3) The preparation method is simple, low in cost, easy for large-scale production and large-area use, and the formed coating after the coating is coated has high strength and good environmental weather resistance; 4) The coating prepared by the application has no limit on the substrate material, can form stable coatings on the surfaces of different materials, and can be widely applied to the coating of the surfaces of building facades and other heat dissipation equipment to realize the cooling effect.
In order to more clearly describe the functional characteristics and structural parameters of the present application, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a colored radiant heat-dissipating coating according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of bismuth oxide colored radiation heat dissipation particles according to embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the bismuth oxide colored radiation heat sink particle of example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the reflectance spectra of the coatings of examples 1 and 2 of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the effect of lowering the temperature of the surface of the coating layer compared with the ambient temperature according to examples 1 and 2 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the application; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The overall preparation flow of the application is shown in figure 1. Firstly, bismuth nitrate and citric acid in a certain mass ratio are weighed, uniformly mixed and added into nitric acid; adding sodium hydroxide into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value, and placing the mixed solution into a stainless steel autoclave of a Teflon substrate to react to generate bismuth subcarbonate; secondly, bismuth subcarbonate is placed in a high-temperature furnace for annealing to generate bismuth oxide; finally, bismuth oxide and a potassium silicate binder are mixed according to a certain proportion, a coating slurry is obtained after ultrasonic dispersion and magnetic stirring, the coating slurry is coated on a metal or nonmetal substrate in a spraying or knife coating mode and the like, and the color radiation heat dissipation coating is obtained after solidification. The bismuth oxide colored radiation heat dissipation particles in the coating can selectively absorb sunlight to display color in a visible light band, and can radiate and dissipate heat through high solar reflectivity in a near infrared band and high infrared emissivity in a middle infrared band. And thus can be used as a heat sink coating for spacecraft or microsatellites.
Example 1
A preparation method of a color radiation heat dissipation coating comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing bismuth oxide colored radiation heat dissipation particles:
respectively weighing bismuth nitrate and citric acid raw materials according to the mass ratio of 4:1, uniformly mixing, and adding into 3mol/L dilute nitric acid; then adding sodium hydroxide into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to be neutral, placing the mixed solution into a stainless steel autoclave of a Teflon substrate, and reacting to generate bismuth subcarbonate; and then the bismuth subcarbonate is placed in a high temperature furnace for annealing at 400 ℃ to generate bismuth oxide.
Step 2, preparing radiation heat dissipation coating slurry of bismuth oxide colored radiation particles:
and (3) uniformly mixing the bismuth oxide prepared in the step (1) with a potassium silicate binder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and magnetic stirring to obtain a coating slurry.
Step 3, preparing the radiation refrigeration coating
The coating slurry prepared in step 3 was coated by using an adjustable doctor blade, the height of which was controlled to 1500 μm. And then naturally air-drying the coating, and evaporating deionized water to obtain the color radiation cooling coating with the thickness of 200 mu m.
Example 2
A preparation method of a color radiation heat dissipation coating comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing bismuth oxide colored radiation heat dissipation particles:
respectively weighing bismuth nitrate and citric acid raw materials according to the mass ratio of 4:1, uniformly mixing, and adding into 3mol/L dilute nitric acid; then adding sodium hydroxide into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value to be neutral, placing the mixed solution into a stainless steel autoclave of a Teflon substrate, and reacting to generate bismuth subcarbonate; and then the bismuth subcarbonate is placed in a high temperature furnace for annealing at 400 ℃ to generate bismuth oxide.
Step 2, preparing radiation heat dissipation coating slurry of bismuth oxide colored radiation particles:
and (3) uniformly mixing the bismuth oxide prepared in the step (1) with a potassium silicate binder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and magnetic stirring to obtain a coating slurry.
Step 3, preparing the radiation refrigeration coating
The coating slurry prepared in step 3 was coated by using an adjustable doctor blade, the height of which was controlled to 2000 μm. And then naturally air-drying the coating, and evaporating deionized water to obtain the color radiation cooling coating with the thickness of 400 mu m.
Fig. 2 shows a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the bismuth oxide colored radiation particles of example 1, which can be found to consist of differently sized plate-like structures that are effective in scattering sunlight and enhancing radiation.
Fig. 3 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the bismuth oxide colored radiation particles of example 1, corresponding to standard card PDF #71-2274, demonstrating successful preparation of the bismuth oxide colored radiation particles.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the reflectance spectra of the coatings prepared in example 1 and example 2, wherein the reflectance of example 1 can reach 99% in the near infrared band, the reflectance of the solar band can reach 89%, and the reflectance of the solar band can reach 98% in the atmospheric window band.
Fig. 5 shows that the coatings prepared in example 1 and example 2 were placed on the roof (118 ° of east longitude 51'14 ", 32 ° of north latitude 1' 37") and the temperature of the surface was reduced compared with the ambient temperature by thermocouple, and example 1 showed excellent radiation temperature reduction effect when the surface temperature was lower than the ambient temperature during one day.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the color radiation heat dissipation coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, uniformly mixing bismuth nitrate and citric acid, and adding the mixture into nitric acid; then adding sodium hydroxide into the mixed solution to adjust the pH value, and carrying out high-pressure reaction to generate bismuth subcarbonate; secondly, bismuth subcarbonate is placed in a high-temperature furnace for annealing to generate bismuth oxide;
s2, mixing bismuth oxide and a potassium silicate binder according to a certain proportion, and obtaining a coating slurry after ultrasonic dispersion and magnetic stirring;
s3, spraying sand on the surface of the substrate and cleaning to obtain a pollution-free rough substrate;
s4, coating the coating slurry prepared in the step S2 on the surface of a substrate, and curing to obtain the colored radiation heat dissipation coating.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in S1, the mass ratio of bismuth nitrate to citric acid is 4:1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in S1, sodium hydroxide is added to the mixed solution to adjust the pH of the solution to neutral.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in S1, the high temperature annealing temperature is 400 ℃.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in S2 the mass ratio of bismuth oxide to potassium silicate binder is 1:4.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in S4 the coating slurry is applied to the substrate by an adjustable doctor blade.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the coating thickness is 200 μm to 400 μm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in S4, the curing mode is a step-heating curing, the curing temperature is raised from room temperature to 80 ℃, the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, and the cooling is performed after heat preservation for 1 h.
9. The colored radiant heat dissipation coating prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein bismuth oxide in the coating is used as colored radiant heat dissipation particles to selectively absorb sunlight in the visible light band to display color, and to radiate heat through high solar reflectance in the near infrared band and high infrared emissivity in the mid-infrared band.
10. Use of a colored radiant heat-dissipating coating prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1-8 as a heat-dissipating coating for a spacecraft or microsatellite.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310651548.1A CN116676003A (en) | 2023-06-02 | 2023-06-02 | Colored radiation heat dissipation coating and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310651548.1A CN116676003A (en) | 2023-06-02 | 2023-06-02 | Colored radiation heat dissipation coating and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116676003A true CN116676003A (en) | 2023-09-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310651548.1A Pending CN116676003A (en) | 2023-06-02 | 2023-06-02 | Colored radiation heat dissipation coating and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116676003A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-06-02 CN CN202310651548.1A patent/CN116676003A/en active Pending
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