CN116675593A - Method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting group - Google Patents

Method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting group Download PDF

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CN116675593A
CN116675593A CN202310640948.2A CN202310640948A CN116675593A CN 116675593 A CN116675593 A CN 116675593A CN 202310640948 A CN202310640948 A CN 202310640948A CN 116675593 A CN116675593 A CN 116675593A
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selectively removing
hydroxyl protecting
chloroacetate
protecting groups
potassium
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张胜
李仁花
包明
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/09Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis
    • C07C29/095Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of esters of organic acids
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C37/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C37/01Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis
    • C07C37/055Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis the substituted group being bound to oxygen, e.g. ether group
    • C07C37/0555Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis the substituted group being bound to oxygen, e.g. ether group being esterified hydroxy groups
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/28Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/29Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • C07C67/31Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H9/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical
    • C07H9/02Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical the hetero ring containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
    • C07H9/04Cyclic acetals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J9/00Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2603/00Systems containing at least three condensed rings
    • C07C2603/56Ring systems containing bridged rings
    • C07C2603/58Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings
    • C07C2603/70Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
    • C07C2603/74Adamantanes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fine chemicals and related chemistry, and provides a method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting groups. The method is characterized in that chloroacetate and derivatives thereof are used as raw materials, under the existence of a phosphine catalyst and the existence of alkali and additives, the corresponding deprotected compound can be obtained after the reaction for 1 to 16 hours at 80 ℃ under the condition of anhydrous organic solvent. The method has the advantages of no transition metal, mild reaction conditions, simple and convenient operation, possibility of realizing industrialization and higher yield of the deprotected compound; the deprotected compound obtained by the method can be further functionalized to obtain various compounds, and the method is applied to development and research of natural products, functional materials and fine chemicals.

Description

Method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting group
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fine chemicals and related chemistry, and provides a method for efficiently and selectively removing a hydroxyl protecting group chloroacetyl group.
Background
Hydroxy compounds are a class of hydroxyl (-OH) -containing organic molecules that are widely found in natural products and in some important and complex compounds. It is well known that hydroxyl groups are active in chemical reactivity, and therefore, protection and deprotection of hydroxyl groups are often involved in hydroxyl-containing natural products and pharmaceutical syntheses, and therefore, it is important to select suitable protecting groups and develop corresponding deprotection methods. Compared with other protecting groups, the chloracetyl has the characteristics of simple introduction and relatively easy removal.
Among the methods reported for removing the chloroacetyl protecting group are thiourea (M Bertolini, C.P.J.Glaudemans, carbohyd.Rea.1970,15, 263-270), HDTC (C.A.A.van Boeckel and T.Beetz, tetrahedron Lett.1983,24, 3775-3778), DABCO (I.Ohtsuka, T.Ako, R.Kato, S.Daikoku, S.Koroghi, T.Kanemitsu, O.Kanie, carbohyd.Res.2006,341,1476-1487), piperidine 1-Se-substituted carbamate (S.Sogabe, H.Ando, M.Koketsub, H.Ishihara, tetrahedron Lett.2006,47, 6603-6606) which has been a good choice, and the use of NaBH has been proposed in recent years 4 (E.Villedieu, C.L.Bon, S.B.Raboin, tetrahedron letters 2010,51, 2115-2118) to remove chloroacetyl groups.
However, these methods have their own drawbacks, such as thiourea facilitating cleavage of the ClAc group, requiring relatively harsh reaction conditions and long reaction times, and occasionally causing acyl migration. HDTC has poor chemical stability and needs to be used immediately after fresh formulation. The use of DABCO is limited to the reaction medium being limited to ethanol solvents only. The recently reported 1-Se carbamic acid piperidine shows higher chemical selectivity and wide tolerance to reaction solvents in dechlorination and acetylation reaction, but is also limited by complicated preparation of selenourea intermediates and high reaction temperature. The reducing ability of sodium borohydride causes problems with functional group compatibility.
In recent years, reactions without metal catalysis are becoming better appreciated by more and more people, because of the advantages of small pollution, low price, capability of being put into industrial production and the like. The method for removing the chloroacetyl by taking the phosphine compound as a catalyst is not reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting group chloroacetyl, which has the advantages of no transition metal existence, mild reaction condition, simple operation, high efficiency and high yield.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting group (AcCl) takes chloracetyl ester compound and its derivative as raw material, in the presence of phosphine catalyst, in the presence of alkali and additive, under the condition of anhydrous organic solvent, reacting for 1-16 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain corresponding deprotected product alcohol, the synthetic route is as follows:
R 1 selected from aryl and alkyl;
the molar ratio of the chloroacetate and the derivative thereof to the phosphine catalyst is 1:0.01-1:0.1;
the molar ratio of the chloroacetate and the derivative thereof to the alkali is 1:0.5-1:3;
the molar ratio of the chloroacetate to the derivatives and the additives is 1:0.5-1:3;
the molar concentration of chloroacetate and its derivatives in the reaction system was 0.3mmol/mL.
The anhydrous organic solvent is toluene, acetonitrile, 1, 4-dioxane or tetrahydrofuran. Toluene, acetonitrile, 1, 4-dioxane are preferred.
The phosphine catalyst is triphenylphosphine, DPPF, tri-n-butylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, or tri (2-furyl) phosphine. Preferably tris (2-furyl) phosphine, triphenylphosphine, DPPF;
the alkali is sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium fluoride, potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, potassium phosphate and potassium pyrophosphate. Preferably potassium phosphate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
The additive is triisobutyl borate, triethyl borate, trimethyl borate and boric acid. Preferred are trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, triisobutyl borate.
The separation method comprises recrystallization, column chromatography and the like.
Solvents used in the recrystallization method include petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, n-hexane and dichloromethane.
When the product is separated by column chromatography, silica gel or neutral alumina can be used as stationary phase, and the developing agent is generally mixed solvent of polarity and nonpolar, such as ethyl acetate-petroleum ether, ethyl acetate-n-hexane, dichloromethane-petroleum ether, and methanol-petroleum ether.
The invention has the advantages that the synthesis method has no transition metal reaction, mild reaction conditions, simple and convenient operation and high yield; the hydroxy compound obtained by deprotection by the method can be further functionalized to obtain various compounds, and is applied to development and research of natural products, functional materials and fine chemicals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is benzyl alcohol of example 1 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 2 is benzyl alcohol of example 1 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
FIG. 3 is 2-allylphenol in example 2 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 4 is a 2-alkene of example 2Propylphenol 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
FIG. 5 is beta-cholesterol in example 3 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 6 is beta-cholesterol in example 3 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
FIG. 7 is diacetone-D-galactose in example 4 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 8 is diacetone-D-galactose in example 4 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
FIG. 9 is 1-adamantanol of example 5 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 10 is 1-adamantanol of example 5 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
FIG. 11 is (S) - (-) -ethyl mandelate of example 6 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 12 is (S) - (-) -ethyl mandelate of example 6 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
FIG. 13 is benzyl 3- (hydroxymethyl) benzoate in example 7 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 14 is benzyl 3- (hydroxymethyl) benzoate in example 7 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
FIG. 15 is (-) - (1 r,3r,4s,8 r) -menthane-3, 9-diol of example 8 1 H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 16 is (-) - (1 r,3r,4s,8 r) -menthane-3, 9-diol of example 8 13 C nuclear magnetic spectrogram.
Detailed Description
The synthesis method for removing the hydroxyl protecting group has the advantages of low raw material cost, no participation of transition metal in the reaction, few reaction steps, mild reaction conditions, convenient operation, high reaction yield and the like.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Simple alternatives and modifications of the invention by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1: synthesis of benzyl alcohol
To a 25mL reactor was added benzyl chloroacetate (0.055 g,0.3 mmol), potassium phosphate (0.191 g,0.9 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.78 mg, 0.003mmol), trimethyl borate (0.046 g,0.45 mmol), and 1.5mL of anhydrous acetonitrile was added and stirred under nitrogen for 1h. Column chromatography (silica gel, 200-300 mesh; developing solvent, petroleum ether: dichloromethane=1:2) gave benzyl alcohol 0.030g, 94% yield.
Benzyl alcohol, a colorless oily liquid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ7.33(d,J=6.1Hz,4H),7.30–7.24(m,1H),4.62(s,2H),2.32(s,1H); 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 )δ140.9,128.6,127.6,127.0,65.2.
example 2: synthesis of 2-allylphenol
In a 25mL reactor, 2-allylphenyl 2-chloroacetate (0.063 g,0.3 mmol), potassium phosphate (0.191 g,0.9 mmol), tris (2-furyl) phosphine (0.1 mg, 0.003mmol), triethyl borate (0.065 g,0.45 mmol) was added, and anhydrous acetonitrile 1.5mL was added and stirred under nitrogen for 4h at 80 ℃. Column chromatography (silica gel, 200-300 mesh; developing solvent, petroleum ether: dichloromethane=1:2) gave 0.039g of 2-allylphenol in 97% yield.
2-allylphenol, colorless liquid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.18–7.07(m,2H),6.91–6.87(m,J=7.5,1.2Hz,1H),6.82–8.80(dd,J=7.9,1.1Hz,1H),6.07-5.97(m,J=17.9,9.6,6.3Hz,1H),5.20–5.11(m,2H),5.00(s,1H),3.41(dt,J=6.4,1.7Hz,2H); 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ154.1,136.4,130.5,127.9,125.3,121.0,116.5,115.8,35.1.
example 3: synthesis of beta-cholesterol
The procedure of example 1 was followed to give β -cholesterol from cholesterol chloroacetate, 0.060g, 52% yield.
Beta-cholesterol, a pale yellow solid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ5.35(s,1H),3.52(tt,J=10.6,4.7Hz,1H),2.35–2.16(m,2H),1.99(tt,J=16.3,3.1Hz,2H),1.84(dq,J=14.4,5.1,4.3Hz,3H),1.73(s,1H),1.62–0.94(m,24H),0.91(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),0.86(dd,J=6.6,1.8Hz,6H),0.68(s,3H); 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 )δ140.8,121.7,71.8,56.8,56.2,50.1,42.33,42.30,39.8,39.5,37.3,36.5,36.2,35.8,31.93,31.91,31.7,28.3,28.0,24.3,23.9,22.9,22.6,21.1,19.4,18.7,11.9.
example 4: synthesis of diacetone-D-galactose
The procedure of example 2 was followed, giving diacetone-D-galactose from diacetone-D-galactose chloroacetate 0.048g in 64% yield.
diacetone-D-galactose, colorless oily liquid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ5.94(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),4.53(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),4.39–4.26(m,2H),4.17(dd,J=8.7,6.4Hz,1H),4.06(dd,J=7.9,2.6Hz,1H),4.00(dd,J=8.7,5.3Hz,1H),2.82(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),1.47(d,J=21.5Hz,6H),1.34(d,J=19.1Hz,6H); 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 )δ111.8,109.6,105.3,85.1,81.1,75.0,73.3,67.6,26.84,26.78,26.2,25.2.
example 5: synthesis of 1-adamantanol
Into a 25mL reactor was added adamantyl chloroacetate (0.067 g,0.3 mmol), sodium hydroxide (0.036 g,0.9 mmol), DPPF (0.002 g, 0.003mmol), triisobutyl borate (0.103 g,0.45 mmol), and 1.5mL of anhydrous toluene was added and stirred under nitrogen for 16h. Column chromatography (silica gel, 200-300 mesh; developing solvent, petroleum ether: dichloromethane=1:2) gave 0.033g of 1-adamantanol, 73% yield.
1-adamantanol, white solid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ4.94(s,1H),3.97(s,1H),2.13(t,J=3.0Hz,4H),1.71(d,J=3.0Hz,4H),1.66(d,J=3.4Hz,2H),1.64–1.59(m,4H); 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 )δ68.2,45.3,36.1,30.7.
example 6: synthesis of (S) - (-) -ethyl mandelate
The same procedures used in example 5 were repeated except for using ethyl (S) -2- (2-chloroacetoxy) -2-phenylacetate to give ethyl mandelate in an yield of 0.045g and 86%.
Ethyl mandelate, colorless liquid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ7.47–7.39(m,2H),7.39–7.27(m,3H),5.15(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.30–4.10(m,2H),3.56(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),1.22(t,J=7.1Hz,3H); 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 )δ173.7,138.5,128.6,128.4,126.6,72.9,62.2,14.0.
example 7: synthesis of benzyl 3- (hydroxymethyl) benzoate
The same procedures used in example 5 were repeated except for using benzyl 3- ((2-chloroacetoxy) methyl) benzoate to give 0.057g of 2-allylphenol in 79% yield.
Benzyl 3- (hydroxymethyl) benzoate, a pale yellow liquid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ8.12–8.04(m,2H),7.60–7.46(m,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.49–7.41(m,3H),7.43–7.31(m,3H),5.37(s,2H),4.72(s,2H),2.25(s,1H); 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 )δ166.5,141.4,136.4,133.1,130.1,129.7,128.9,128.4,127.4,126.9,126.7,66.6,65.0;IR(neat)3337,1718,1451,1273,1112,1026,887,788,744,711cm -1 ;HMRS(ESI)calcd for C 15 H 14 NaO 3 265.0841[M+Na] + ,found 265.0831.
example 8: synthesis of (-) - (1 r,3r,4s,8 r) -menthane-3, 9-diol
In a 25mL reactor, (1R, 2S, 5R) -2- (((R) -1-hydroxypropyl-2-yl) -5-methylcyclohexyl-2-chloroacetate (0.074 g,0.3 mmol), potassium hydroxide (0.050 g,0.9 mmol.), DPPF (0.002 g, 0.003mmol), triisobutyl borate (0.103 g,0.45 mmol) were added, anhydrous 1, 4-dioxane (1.5 mL,80 ℃ C.) and stirred under nitrogen for 1h column chromatography (silica gel, 200-300 mesh; developer, petroleum ether: dichloromethane=1:2) to give (-) - (1R, 3R,4s, 8R) -menthane-3, 9-diol, 0.048g, 93% yield.
(-) - (1 r,3r,4s,8 r) -menthane-3, 9-diol, colorless liquid, 1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 )δ4.09(s,1H),3.64(dd,J=10.7,5.3Hz,1H),3.56(dd,J=10.7,3.4Hz,1H),3.43(td,J=10.4,4.3Hz,1H),1.98(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),1.82(s,1H),1.69–1.50(m,2H),1.47–1.29(m,2H),1.23(qd,J=12.7,3.4Hz,1H),0.99(d,J=11.6Hz,1H),0.95(d,J=7.2 Hz,3H),0.92(d,J=6.6 Hz,3H),0.88–0.81(m,1H); 13 C NMR(101 MHz,CDCl 3 )δ69.9,66.9,48.6,44.4,38.6,34.6,31.4,29.6,22.1,12.0。

Claims (5)

1. a method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting groups is characterized in that a chloracetyl ester compound and derivatives thereof are used as raw materials, under the existence of a phosphine catalyst and the existence of alkali and additives, the raw materials react for 1 to 16 hours at 80 ℃ under the condition of anhydrous organic solvent, and the corresponding deprotected product alcohol is obtained, wherein the synthetic route is as follows:
the molar ratio of the chloroacetate and the derivative thereof to the phosphine catalyst is 1:0.01-1:0.1;
the molar ratio of the chloroacetate and the derivative thereof to the alkali is 1:0.5-1:3;
the molar ratio of the chloroacetate to the derivatives and the additives is 1:0.5-1:3;
the molar concentration of chloroacetate and its derivatives in the reaction system was 0.3mmol/mL.
2. The method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting groups according to claim 1, wherein the anhydrous organic solvent is one or more of toluene, acetonitrile, 1, 4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran.
3. The method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting groups according to claim 1, wherein the phosphine catalyst is one or a mixture of more than two of triphenylphosphine, DPPF, tri-n-butylphosphine, tricyclohexylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine and tri (2-furyl) phosphine.
4. The method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting groups according to claim 1, wherein the base is one or more of sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium fluoride, potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, potassium phosphate, and potassium pyrophosphate.
5. The method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting groups according to claim 1, wherein the additive is one or more of triisobutyl borate, triethyl borate, trimethyl borate and boric acid.
CN202310640948.2A 2023-06-01 2023-06-01 Method for selectively removing hydroxyl protecting group Pending CN116675593A (en)

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