CN116672058A - Hollow nail - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a hollow nail, and belongs to the technical field of medical appliances. The hollow nail comprises a nail body, a nail cap and a nail head, wherein the nail cap is arranged at the upper end of the nail body; the nail head is arranged at the lower end of the nail body; the middle part of the nail body is provided with a through hole; the nail body comprises a smooth section and a threaded section; the smooth section is arranged on one side close to the nail head, and the thread section is arranged on one side close to the nail head. The hollow nail is screwed and fixed by arranging the nail cap and the nail head, and the smooth section is arranged on one side close to the nail head so as to conveniently penetrate through the epiphyseal plate, so that the stability is improved, and meanwhile, the damage to the epiphyseal plate can be avoided; the screw thread section is arranged at one end close to the nail cap, so that the hollow nail is further fixed, and the nail is prevented from being withdrawn.

Description

Hollow nail

Technical Field

The application relates to a hollow nail, and belongs to the technical field of medical appliances.

Background

Hollow nails are now a more common internal fixation device in orthopaedics. After fracture, in medical clinics, when a doctor performs fracture treatment, fusion or osteotomy on a fracture patient, a screw is generally required to fix two ends of the fracture, and when a guide pin is adopted, the screw is generally required to be made into a hollow structure, and the existing hollow position is generally only one end of the hollow nail, namely a screw thread is arranged outside the screw-in end.

However, the above prior art hollow spikes are not optimal for children's tibial intercondylar spine fractures. The existing screw-in end is externally provided with screw threads, so that the epiphyseal plate is damaged when penetrating through the epiphyseal plate, the fixing is often limited by length and angle, and bone fragments are easy to break when screwing in. And the tail end of the prior art cannulated nails is not capable of securing the surrounding cartilage.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the application provides a hollow nail, which is screwed in and fixed by arranging a nail cap and a nail head, and can avoid damage to a epiphyseal plate while improving stability by arranging a smooth section on one side close to the nail head; the screw thread section is arranged at one end close to the nail cap, so that the hollow nail is further fixed, and the nail is prevented from being withdrawn.

In one aspect of the application, a hollow nail is provided, comprising a nail body, a nail cap and a nail head, wherein the nail cap is arranged at the upper end of the nail body; the nail head is arranged at the lower end of the nail body; the middle part of the nail body is provided with a through hole; the nail body comprises a smooth section and a threaded section; the smooth section is arranged on one side close to the nail head, and the thread section is arranged on one side close to the nail head.

Optionally, the ratio of the length of the thread segments to the length of the smooth segments is 1:0.5 to 1.5.

Further, the ratio of the length of the thread segments to the length of the smooth segments may be 1:0.5, 1:1. 1:1.5.

preferably, the ratio of the length of the thread segments to the length of the smooth segments is 1:1.5.

optionally, the diameter of the through hole is 2-2.5 mm.

In particular, the diameter of the through holes may be 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.5mm.

Preferably, the diameter of the through hole is 2mm.

Optionally, the thread segments are provided with unidirectional protruding threads to avoid nail withdrawal.

Optionally, the diameter of the nail body is 3.3-3.8 mm.

Specifically, the diameter of the pin body may be 3.3mm, 3.5mm, 3.7mm, 3.8mm.

Preferably, the diameter of the nail body is 3.5mm.

Optionally, the nail head is conical, and the diameter of the nail head gradually increases from bottom to top to be equal to the diameter of the smooth section.

Optionally, an inner hexagonal screw hole is formed in the upper end of the nut, and the inner hexagonal screw hole and the through hole are coaxially arranged and communicated.

Optionally, the ratio of the length of the diameter of the nail body to the diameter of the nail cap is 1:1.4 to 2.8.

Specifically, the ratio of the shank diameter to the length of the nut diameter may be 1:1.4, 1:1.5, 1:2. 1:2.5, 1:2.8.

preferably, the ratio of the diameter of the nail body to the diameter of the nail cap is 1:1.5.

optionally, a plurality of fixing thorns are arranged on the nail cap, and the fixing thorns are arranged along the circumferential direction of the nail cap.

Preferably, the length of the fixing thorns is 3-5 mm.

More preferably, the length of the fixing thorns is 4mm.

In a further aspect, the application provides the application of the hollow nail in the aspect of the fracture of the tibial intercondylar spine of the child.

The beneficial effects that can be produced by the present application include, but are not limited to:

1. the hollow nail provided by the application has the advantages that the screw cap and the screw head are arranged to realize the screwing-in and fixing of the hollow nail, and the smooth section is arranged on one side close to the screw head so as to conveniently penetrate through the epiphyseal plate, so that the stability is improved, and meanwhile, the damage to the epiphyseal plate can be avoided; the screw thread section is arranged at one end close to the screw cap, and is a one-way protruding screw thread for further fixing the hollow screw, so that screw withdrawal is avoided.

2. The hollow nail provided by the application meets the structural characteristics of tibia and epiphyseal plate by further limiting the length ratio of the threaded section to the smooth section, so that the smooth end of the hollow nail smoothly passes through the epiphyseal plate, and the threaded section does not pass through the epiphyseal plate, thereby avoiding the damage of the epiphyseal plate caused by the threaded section passing through the epiphyseal plate.

3. According to the hollow nail provided by the application, the diameter of the nail body and the ratio of the diameter of the nail body to the diameter length of the nail cap are further limited, namely, the diameter range of the nail body and the diameter range of the nail cap are limited, and on one hand, the limitation of the diameter of the nail body is beneficial to the smooth screwing-in of the nail body; on the other hand, by limiting the diameter of the nut, stability is effectively improved.

4. According to the hollow nail provided by the application, the plurality of fixing thorns are circumferentially arranged on the nail cap, the fixing thorns can be hammered in, the lower end face of the nail cap is abutted against the outer side wall of the ossicle, no radial component force exists when the hollow nail is pressurized, so that the stressed pressure of the ossicle improves the stability of the hollow nail, the force is relatively average, meanwhile, the nail cap is prevented from sinking inwards, the fracture of local ossicle is effectively avoided, and the hollow nail has good pressure-resistant and compression-resistant effects.

5. The hollow nail provided by the application has the advantages that the upper end of the nail cap is provided with the inner hexagonal groove, and the inner hexagonal groove is coaxially arranged with the through hole and communicated with the through hole, so that the hollow nail can be rotated by the corresponding hexagonal spanner, and the hollow nail has the advantages of simple structure and more convenient use.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a hollow spike according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a hollow spike according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hollow spike according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a according to an embodiment of the present application.

List of parts and reference numerals:

1. a nail body; 2. a nail cap; 3. a pin head; 4. a through hole; 5. a smooth section; 6. a threaded section; 7. an inner hexagonal screw hole; 8. fixing thorns.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, however, the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present application discloses a hollow nail, which comprises a nail body 1, a nail cap 2 and a nail head 3, wherein the nail cap 2 is arranged at the upper end of the nail body 1; the nail head 3 is arranged at the lower end of the nail body 1; the middle part of the nail body 1 is provided with a through hole 4; the nail body 1 comprises a smooth section 5 and a thread section 6; the smooth section 5 is arranged on one side close to the nail head 3, and the thread section 6 is arranged on one side close to the nail head 2.

The screw cap 2 and the screw head 3 are arranged to realize screwing and fixing of the hollow screw, and the smooth section 5 is arranged on one side close to the screw head 3 so as to conveniently penetrate through the epiphyseal plate, so that the stability is improved, and meanwhile, the damage to the epiphyseal plate can be avoided; by arranging the thread section 6 at one end close to the nut 2, the thread section 6 is a one-way protruding thread for further fixing the hollow nail, so that the nail is prevented from being withdrawn.

As an embodiment, the ratio of the length of the threaded section 6 to the smooth section 5 is 1:1.5.

in particular, the present application does not specifically limit the specific lengths of the thread segments 6 and the smooth segments 5, and those skilled in the art can choose according to the actual situation.

Specifically, the application further limits the ratio of the length of the threaded section 6 to the length of the smooth section 5 to conform to the structural characteristics of the tibia and the epiphyseal plate, so that the smooth end of the hollow nail smoothly passes through the epiphyseal plate, and the threaded section 6 does not pass through the epiphyseal plate, thereby avoiding the damage of the epiphyseal plate caused by the threaded section 6 passing through the epiphyseal plate.

Preferably, the length of the thread segments 6 is 2cm and the length of the smooth segments 5 is 3cm.

As an embodiment, the diameter of the through hole 4 is 2mm.

Specifically, the diameter of the through-hole 4 is defined to match the diameter of the k-wire so as to screw the hollow spike in guided by the k-wire.

As an embodiment, the thread segments 6 are provided with a single-way protruding thread to avoid screw-back.

Specifically, set up the unidirectionally protruding screw thread on the nail body 1, effectively avoid the not hard up of nail body 1, the incidence that the nail deviate from even moves back, reinforcing hollow nail's connection effect.

As an embodiment, the diameter of the shank 1 is 3.5mm.

Specifically, the application further limits the diameter of the nail body 1, if the diameter of the nail body 1 is smaller, the strength of the hollow nail is relatively lower, and the condition that the hollow nail breaks to cause operation failure is easy to occur; the diameter of the hollow nail is increased, so that the strength of the hollow nail can be improved, but the conditions of bone penetration, soft tissue injury and the like are easy to occur due to the fact that the diameter of the hollow nail is too large, the diameter of the nail body 1 is limited, the strength requirement can be met, and meanwhile damage to the bone and the soft tissue is reduced.

As an embodiment the head 3 is tapered and the diameter of the head 3 gradually increases from bottom to top to be equal to the diameter of the smooth section 5.

In particular, the head 3 presents a conical shape with a gradually increasing diameter, facilitating the cutting of the present hollow nail into the bone.

As an embodiment, the upper end of the nut 2 is provided with an inner hexagonal screw hole 7, and the inner hexagonal screw hole 7 is coaxially arranged and communicated with the through hole 4.

Specifically, the present application does not specifically limit the size of the hexagonal screw hole 7, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual situations.

Specifically, the nut 2 has an internal hexagonal groove which is coaxially arranged with the through hole 4 and is communicated with the through hole, so that the hollow nail can be rotated by a corresponding hexagonal wrench, and the nut has the advantages of simple structure and convenient use.

As one embodiment, the ratio of the length of the diameter of the shank 1 to the diameter of the nut 2 is 1:1.5.

specifically, the diameter of the nail body 1 and the diameter of the nail cap 2 are not particularly limited, and can be selected by those skilled in the art according to practical situations.

Preferably, the diameter of the nail body 1 is 3.5mm, and the diameter of the nail cap 2 is 5mm.

As an embodiment, a plurality of fixing thorns 8 are arranged on the nail cap 2, and the fixing thorns 8 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the nail cap 2.

Specifically, the number and shape of the fixing thorns 8 are not particularly limited in the present application, and those skilled in the art can select according to actual circumstances.

Specifically, the present application is not limited in detail to the length of the fixing thorn 8, and one skilled in the art may select according to the actual circumstances.

Preferably, the length of the fixing thorn 8 is 4mm.

Specifically, the fixed thorn 8 can hammer into the bone, and the lower terminal surface of nut 2 is the plane of perpendicular to nail body 1 axis, and after this hollow nail penetrated the ossicle piece, the lower terminal surface of nut 2 was supported and is leaned on the lateral wall of ossicle piece, and when the hollow nail pressurized, no radial component made the pressure that receives of ossicle piece improve the stability of hollow nail, and the force is comparatively even, can prevent simultaneously that nut 2 subsidence has effectively avoided the cracked of local ossicle piece, has better withstand voltage and resistance to compression effect.

The working process of the application is as follows:

when the hollow nail is used, the Kirschner wire with the aperture matched with the through hole 4 is firstly drilled into a bone to fix a fracture, then the Kirschner wire is used as a guide, the hollow nail is screwed in, the Kirschner wire is pulled out after the hollow nail is screwed in a proper position, the hollow nail is fixed in a proper position by adopting a hexagonal spanner corresponding to the hexagonal screw hole 7, and finally the spike on the nail cap 2 is hammered in to further fix, increase stability and avoid partial fracture of the ossicle.

The epiphyseal plate is also called as a growth plate, is positioned between epiphyseal and metaphyseal, is a thin plate wavy cartilage tissue, is composed of hyaline cartilage, has unidirectional cartilage proliferation and osteogenesis activities, and is a growth and development part of bones in a growing period. The hollow nail provided by the application can realize firm fixation, avoid the damage of the epiphyseal plate caused by the hollow nail when penetrating through the epiphyseal plate on the basis of avoiding nail detachment, and provide a better fixation mode for the fracture of the tibial intercondylar spine of the child.

In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, as relevant to see a section of the description of method embodiments.

The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The hollow nail is characterized by comprising a nail body, a nail cap and a nail head, wherein the nail cap is arranged at the upper end of the nail body; the nail head is arranged at the lower end of the nail body; the middle part of the nail body is provided with a through hole; the nail body comprises a smooth section and a threaded section; the smooth section is arranged on one side close to the nail head, and the thread section is arranged on one side close to the nail head.

2. A hollow spike according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of the length of the threaded section to the smooth section is 1:0.5 to 1.5.

3. A hollow spike according to claim 2 wherein the diameter of the through hole is 2-2.5 mm.

4. A hollow spike as claimed in claim 3 wherein the thread segments are provided with one way protruding threads to avoid spike back.

5. A hollow spike according to claim 4 wherein the spike body has a diameter of 3.3 to 3.8mm.

6. A hollow spike according to claim 5 wherein the spike head is tapered and the diameter of the spike head gradually increases from bottom to top to equal the diameter of the smooth section.

7. The hollow nail according to claim 6, wherein the upper end of the nut is provided with an internal hexagonal screw hole, and the internal hexagonal screw hole is coaxially arranged and communicated with the through hole.

8. The hollow spike of claim 7 wherein the ratio of the length of the spike body diameter to the spike cap diameter is 1:1.4 to 2.8.

9. The hollow nail according to claim 8, wherein the nail cap is provided with a plurality of fixing thorns, and the fixing thorns are arranged along the circumferential direction of the nail cap.

10. Use of a hollow nail according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the treatment of fractures of the tibial intercondylar spine of children.