CN116671415A - 一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质及修复方法 - Google Patents
一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质及修复方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质及修复方法，属于土壤改良领域。本发明利用锯末、聚丙烯酸钠、硫酸亚铁、蛭石、蚯蚓粪混合组成的土壤改良基质，增加了土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾等元素含量，改良土质，提高土壤的离子交换率；增加土壤中微生物数量，提高酶的活性，提升了土壤保水保肥的能力，为植物生长提供了保障。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于土壤改良领域，尤其是一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质及修复方法。
背景技术
采矿活动对环境存在着严重影响，首先是砍伐森林和破坏许多物种的栖息地，当矿区的植物、树木和表土被清除时，由于雨水的冲刷使得表层土壤中松散颗粒被输送到溪流和河流中，使河床充满沉积物，也会影响生态系统，并增加局部洪水的发生的概率。其次，矿山尾矿中含金属的酸性排水不断释放，也会污染地下水和土壤。正基于此，矿山的生态环境亟待修复。
植物修复是绿化和改善生态环境的重要措施，也是废弃采石场工作的重要环节。然而，由于石灰石矿山土壤含水率低,地面水分蒸发快,pH值较高，土壤肥力低，土壤结构破坏，导致新栽植被成活率低下，严重影响了该地区矿山。因此，改良矿区土壤性质，改善矿区土壤环境，使其适宜于植物生长，对后续开展矿山植物修复具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质及修复方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质，以重量份数计，包括以下组分：
锯末：20～100份、硫酸亚铁：0.5～4份、蛭石：25～50份、蚯蚓粪：12.5～150份、聚丙烯酸钠：1份。
一种石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)以重量份数计，按照以下组分称取原料：锯末：20～100份、硫酸亚铁：0.5～4份、蛭石：25～50份、蚯蚓粪：12.5～150份、聚丙烯酸钠：1份；
(2)将所述锯末、硫酸亚铁、蛭石和蚯蚓粪混入矿区土壤，之后喷施聚丙烯酸钠的水溶液，得到修复后的土壤基质。
进一步的，步骤(3)中，用于提高土壤中的氮、磷及钾的含量。
进一步的，步骤(3)中，用于提高土壤中的有机质含量。
进一步的，提高土壤中的微生物氮含量。
进一步的，提高土壤中的微生物碳含量。
进一步的，提高土壤中的酶活性。
进一步的，步骤(2)中，喷施聚丙烯酸钠的水溶液的浓度为0.1wt％。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质及修复方法，锯末具有蓬松的特点，利用锯末改良土壤，不仅可以增加土壤的透气性，还可以保持土壤水分，为种子的萌发提供必要条件。此外，锯末原材料容易获得，并且价格便宜，可降低基质成本。聚丙烯酸钠作为一种高吸水性树脂，可以有效地增加土壤的含水量，改善土壤的通透性，有利于土壤的水、气、热、肥等的交换，因此就有利于作物的生长；并可以减少地表径流，从而可以有效地控制水土流失。硫酸亚铁的添加可以提高土壤中铁含量，为植物提供必需的营养元素，促进叶绿素的形成，促进作物的生长，并且有调节土壤的酸碱性，疏松土壤的作用。蛭石具有良好的阳离子交换性和吸附性，可改善土壤的结构，储水保墒，提高土壤的透气性和含水性。此外，蛭石还可起到缓冲作用，阻碍pH值的迅速变化，使肥料在作物生长介质中缓慢释放。本发明中，蚯蚓粪具有较大的表面积，且具有通气性和保湿性，使得许多有益微生物得以生存；蚯蚓粪自身富含细菌、放射菌和真菌，可以减轻植物由病原菌引起的病害，蚯蚓粪中的多种植物激素也对植物的生长起到了重要作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明中基质改良前后土壤酶活性对比，其中，图1(a)、图1(b)和图1(c)为分别对应蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性；
图2是本发明中基质改良前后土壤微生物碳、氮含量对比，其中，图2(a)、图2(b)分别对应土壤微生物碳、氮含量；
图3是本发明中基质改良前后土壤中紫花苜蓿的生物量对比，其中，图3(a)、图3(b)、图3(c)、图3(d)、图3(e)和图3(f)分别对应根长、株高、地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重、地上部干重及地下部鲜重。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
具体实施方式一：
本实施方式的土壤改良基质100kg锯末、4kg硫酸亚铁、50kg蛭石、150kg蚯蚓粪组成；上述原料与矿区土壤混合搅拌，装入花盆中，铺平，喷施1kg聚丙烯酸钠与水混合制成溶液，得到改良后的土壤基质。对照组(CK)采用未经改造的矿区土壤。在花盆中均匀播撒紫花苜蓿种子，浇水，使其完全浸透基质。而后定期浇水，两个月后收取植物样品。
具体实施方式二：
本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是：所述土壤改良基质由60kg锯末、1kg聚丙烯酸钠、0.5kg硫酸亚铁、40kg蛭石、50kg蚯蚓粪组成。其他步骤与具体实施方式一相同。
具体实施方式三：
本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是：所述土壤改良基质由20kg锯末、1kg聚丙烯酸钠、0.5kg硫酸亚铁、25kg蛭石、12.5kg蚯蚓粪组成。其他步骤与具体实施方式一或二相同。
通过以下实施例证本发明的有益效果，对育苗基质检验结果比较：
表1不同土壤基质基本理化性质对比
从表1可以看出，应用本发明技术方案的育苗基质可以提高土壤氮、磷、钾及有机质含量，进一步促进土壤结构优化，改善土壤理化性质，提升土壤保肥能力，为植物的生长提供营养。
基质改良后，土壤中酶活性的的变化如图1所示，随着土壤基质的改良，土壤中酶活性都有了较大的提升，蔗糖酶增加了2.39～3.03倍，过氧化氢酶增加了65％～70％，脲酶增加了1.22～1.86倍，T2处理组的土壤基质配比效果最佳。土壤中微生物氮含量增加了24％～33％，微生物碳含量增加了3.01～5.15倍，结果如图2所示。
收集种植的紫花苜蓿样品，进行生物量的测定，结果如图3所示。与矿区土壤上种植的植物相比基质改良后植物根长增加了68％～79％，株高增加了80％～94％，鲜重增加了0.42～1.20倍，干重增加了0.49～1.56倍，表明土壤基质的改良是有益的，可以进一步增强植物对营养物质的吸收，促进植物生长。
试验表明，本发明利用锯末、聚丙烯酸钠、硫酸亚铁、蛭石、蚯蚓粪混合组成的土壤改良基质，增加了土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾等元素含量，改良土质，提高土壤的离子交换率；增加土壤中微生物数量，提高酶的活性，提升了土壤保水保肥的能力，并为植物生长提供了保障。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种适用于石灰石矿山的土壤改良基质，其特征在于，以重量份数计，包括以下组分：
锯末：20～100份、硫酸亚铁：0.5～4份、蛭石：25～50份、蚯蚓粪：12.5～150份、聚丙烯酸钠：1份。
2.一种石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)以重量份数计，按照以下组分称取原料：锯末：20～100份、硫酸亚铁：0.5～4份、蛭石：25～50份、蚯蚓粪：12.5～150份、聚丙烯酸钠：1份；
(2)将所述锯末、硫酸亚铁、蛭石和蚯蚓粪混入矿区土壤，之后喷施聚丙烯酸钠的水溶液，得到修复后的土壤基质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，用于提高土壤中的氮、磷及钾的含量。
4.根据权利要求2所述的石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，用于提高土壤中的有机质含量。
5.根据权利要求2所述的石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，其特征在于，提高土壤中的微生物氮含量。
6.根据权利要求2所述的石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，其特征在于，提高土壤中的微生物碳含量。
7.根据权利要求2所述的石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，其特征在于，提高土壤中的酶活性。
8.根据权利要求2所述的石灰石矿山废弃地土壤的修复方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，喷施聚丙烯酸钠的水溶液的浓度为0.1wt％。
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