CN116670926A - Antenna device - Google Patents

Antenna device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116670926A
CN116670926A CN202180083814.4A CN202180083814A CN116670926A CN 116670926 A CN116670926 A CN 116670926A CN 202180083814 A CN202180083814 A CN 202180083814A CN 116670926 A CN116670926 A CN 116670926A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
antenna
feeding
circularly polarized
length
antenna element
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CN202180083814.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
原文平
广木星也
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Yokowo Co Ltd
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Yokowo Co Ltd
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Application filed by Yokowo Co Ltd filed Critical Yokowo Co Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/JP2021/047744 external-priority patent/WO2022138785A1/en
Publication of CN116670926A publication Critical patent/CN116670926A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The in-vehicle antenna device (100) is provided with: an antenna housing (101); an antenna base (102) that forms a storage space together with the antenna housing (101); a 1 st antenna element (108) which is housed in the housing space and transmits or receives at least circularly polarized waves; a 2 nd antenna element (110) which is disposed so as to be close to the 1 st antenna element (108) and transmits or receives at least linearly polarized waves; and at least one non-feeding element (111), (112 a), (112 b) or (112 c) which becomes a reflector or director of the 2 nd antenna element (110).

Description

Antenna device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an antenna device.
Background
Conventionally, as an antenna device mounted on a vehicle or the like, a small-sized and low-back in-vehicle antenna device mounted on a roof of a vehicle is known.
In recent years, in-vehicle antenna devices, there have been demanded a plurality of antennas that are provided with signals for receiving or transmitting signals for acquiring position information, signals for coping with various frequency bands such as signals for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), in addition to signals for radio broadcasting and signals for terrestrial digital broadcasting.
For example, patent document 1 discloses an antenna device including a 1 st antenna unit for receiving AM/FM signals, a 2 nd antenna unit as a cellular antenna, and a 3 rd antenna unit for receiving GNSS signals in order to cope with signals of various frequency bands.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: international publication No. 2020/121748
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
As in the antenna device of patent document 1, a multiband in-vehicle antenna device having a plurality of antenna elements for different frequency bands mounted thereon is becoming mainstream.
However, when a plurality of types of antenna elements for different frequency bands are mounted in a housing space of a small and low-back in-vehicle antenna device, the antenna elements need to be disposed close to each other, and it is difficult to ensure isolation between the antenna elements. Therefore, it may be difficult to obtain good antenna characteristics.
An object of the present invention is to provide a compact antenna device in which a plurality of antenna elements are disposed close to each other in a narrow space, but which can also achieve good antenna characteristics.
Means for solving the problems
An aspect of the present invention is an antenna device including:
a housing;
a base which forms a storage space together with the housing;
a 1 st antenna element which is housed in the housing space and transmits or receives at least circularly polarized waves;
a 2 nd antenna element arranged so as to be close to the 1 st antenna element, and configured to transmit or receive at least linearly polarized waves; and
At least one non-feeding element which becomes a reflector or director for the 2 nd antenna element.
Effects of the invention
According to the above-described aspect of the present invention, in a small-sized antenna device, a plurality of antenna elements are arranged close to each other in a narrow space, but good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an in-vehicle antenna device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view showing an enlarged front portion of the vehicle-mounted antenna device according to the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the vicinity of the 2 nd antenna portion in a state where the resin holder is removed according to one embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the arrangement relationship between a circularly polarized antenna and a non-feeding element in a model used in a simulation for verifying the influence of the non-feeding element on the circularly polarized antenna.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the circularly polarized antenna shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a side view of the vicinity of the circularly polarized antenna shown in fig. 4.
FIG. 7 shows a length L of 80[ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]A graph of simulation results in the case of (a) shows that the angle θ=80 [ degrees ]]Lower wrap angle Angular distribution of the axial ratio of (c).
Fig. 8 shows a case where the non-feeding element EL in the ungrounded state is not provided with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in fig. 4A graph of simulation results in the case shows that the angle θ=80 [ degrees]Lower wrap angleAngular distribution of the axial ratio of (c).
FIG. 9 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=0 [ degree]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
FIG. 10 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
FIG. 11 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
Fig. 12 shows AN angle θ=60 [ degrees ] when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz ]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave).
Fig. 13 shows AN angle θ=80 [ degrees ] when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave).
FIG. 14 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in the ungrounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves).
FIG. 15 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in the ungrounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves).
Fig. 16 is an enlarged perspective view of the 2 nd antenna part in modification 1 with the resin holder removed.
FIG. 17 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4 ]Angle θ=0 [ degree]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
FIG. 18 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
FIG. 19The length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL showing a grounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
Fig. 20 shows AN angle θ=60 [ degrees ] in the case where the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz]Lower wrap angleSimulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave).
Fig. 21 shows AN angle θ=80 [ degrees ] in the case where the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz]Lower wrap angleSimulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave).
FIG. 22 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves).
FIG. 23 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves).
Fig. 24 is a perspective view showing an example of the non-feeding element of modification 3.
Fig. 25 is a side view showing an example of a structure in which a non-feeding element is connected to a substrate via a filter in modification 4.
Fig. 26 is a diagram showing electrical characteristics of the 2 nd antenna portion 104 in the case where each model of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example is arranged on an infinite base plate. Is to indicate that the operating frequency is 5.9GHz, θ=90 [ degrees ]]Lower wrap angleA diagram of simulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the vertical polarized wave.
Fig. 27 is a diagram showing the electrical characteristics of the 1 st antenna 103 in the case where the models of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example are arranged on a circular base plate, and shows the operating frequency [ MHz ] ]Angle θ=0 [ degree]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
FIG. 28 is a graph showing the electrical characteristics of the 1 st antenna 103 when the models of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example are arranged on a circular base plate, and shows the operating frequency [ MHz]With angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
Fig. 29 is a diagram showing the electrical characteristics of the 1 st antenna 103 in the case where the models of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example are arranged on a circular base plate, and shows the operating frequency [ MHz ]]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
Fig. 30 is a diagram showing the structures of the 1 st antenna element, the 3 rd non-feeding element, and the capacitive loading element according to modification 5.
Fig. 31 is a diagram showing the structures of the 1 st antenna element, the 3 rd non-feeding element, and the capacitive loading element according to modification 6.
Fig. 32 is a diagram showing the structures of the 1 st antenna element, the 3 rd non-feeding element, and the capacitive loading element according to modification 7.
Fig. 33 is a diagram showing the structures of the 1 st antenna element, the 3 rd non-feeding element, and the capacitive loading element according to modification 8.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
In the present specification, unless otherwise indicated, ordinal numbers such as "1", "2", "3", etc., are merely labeled for distinguishing between structures having the same name, and do not denote a particular feature (e.g., order or importance).
Embodiment(s)
The in-vehicle antenna device (hereinafter also simply referred to as "antenna device") 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention is a device that is mounted on the roof of a vehicle and transmits or receives at least a plurality of radio waves in different frequency bands. In the present embodiment, the example of the antenna device 100 that transmits or receives at least three types of radio waves will be described, but the types of radio waves transmitted or received by the antenna device may be two or more.
As shown in the perspective view of fig. 1 and the left side view of the front part of fig. 2, the in-vehicle antenna device 100 includes an antenna housing 101, an antenna base 102, a 1 st antenna unit 103, a 2 nd antenna unit 104, and a 3 rd antenna unit 105. In fig. 1 and 2, the antenna housing 101 is depicted in perspective.
The "front" or "front" in fig. 1 is the front side of the vehicle on which the antenna device 100 is mounted, and the "rear" or "rear" is the rear side of the vehicle on the opposite side thereof. "right" or "right" is the right side as viewed from the driver of the vehicle, and "left" or "left" is the opposite side thereof. "lower" or "lower" is the direction of gravity of the vehicle in which the antenna device 100 is mounted, and "upper" or "upper" is the opposite direction thereof.
The terms indicating these directions are used for the purpose of description as well as the following description and other drawings, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The antenna case 101 is a hollow member made of a synthetic resin (e.g., ABS resin) having radio wave permeability. The antenna housing 101 is a housing that forms a storage space together with the antenna base 102 by covering the antenna base 102 as a base from above. The antenna housing 101 has a shark fin shape in shape, and the housing space is increased in height while being widened in width from the front toward the rear. Therefore, the rear portion of the accommodation space is larger than the front portion. Here, the width is the length in the left-right direction, and the height is the length in the up-down direction.
Regarding the outer dimensions of the antenna housing 101, the length in the front-rear direction is about 190mm to 200mm, the length in the up-down direction is about 60mm to 65mm, and the length in the left-right direction is about 70mm to 75mm.
The antenna mount 102 includes a conductive mount that is grounded by being in conduction with the roof when mounted on the roof of the vehicle with the pad P interposed therebetween. The antenna mount 102 may be constituted by only a conductive mount, or may be constituted by an insulating mount and a conductive mount, an insulating mount and a metal plate, or an insulating mount, a conductive mount and a metal plate. The conductive base may be composed of a plurality of structural parts electrically connected or divided and an insulating base for holding the structural parts.
The 1 st antenna 103, the 2 nd antenna 104, and the 3 rd antenna 105 are fixed to the antenna base 102.
The 2 nd antenna portion 104, the 1 st antenna portion 103, and the 3 rd antenna portion 105 of the present embodiment are disposed in the storage space by being mounted on the antenna base 102 in order from the front. In the present embodiment, the 2 nd antenna 104 is disposed in front of the storage space, but may be disposed in the center and rear of the storage space.
The 1 st antenna 103 has a 1 st substrate 107 and a 1 st antenna element 108.
The 1 st substrate 107 is a substrate fixed to the antenna base 102, for example, a PCB (Printed Circuit Board ).
The 1 st antenna element 108 is provided on the 1 st substrate 107. The 1 st antenna element 108 is an antenna element for receiving a radio wave for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), and includes a patch antenna.
Further, the electric wave for GNSS is an example of a circularly polarized wave. The 1 st antenna element 108 may transmit or receive at least a circularly polarized wave, and the radio wave is not limited to a GNSS radio wave, and may be, for example, a radio wave for SDARS (Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service ). The 1 st antenna element 108 may be replaced with a plurality of circularly polarized antennas, or may be an antenna that handles a plurality of frequency bands with a single antenna.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the 2 nd antenna unit 104 includes a 2 nd substrate 109, a 2 nd antenna element 110, a 1 st non-feeding element 111, 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c, and a resin holder 113. Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the vicinity of the 2 nd antenna portion 104 with the resin holder 113 removed. In fig. 1 and 2, the 1 st non-feeding element 111 is disposed inside the resin holder 113, and therefore is not shown in the drawings.
The 2 nd substrate 109 is a substrate fixed to the antenna base 102, for example, a PCB. The 2 nd antenna element 110, the 1 st non-feeding element 111, and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c are provided on the 2 nd substrate 109 and fixed thereto.
The 2 nd antenna element 110 is an antenna element that transmits or receives at least radio waves for V2X (Vehicle-to-evaluation), and is fed through the circuit of the 2 nd substrate 109.
The 2 nd antenna element 110 is placed close to the 1 st antenna element 108 by being accommodated in the accommodation space.
The electric wave for V2X is an example of a vertical polarized wave that is a linearly polarized wave. The 2 nd antenna element 110 may transmit or receive at least a vertically polarized wave, and the radio wave is not limited to the V2X radio wave, and may be, for example, a vertically polarized wave for DTV (Digital TV).
In the present embodiment, the 2 nd antenna element 110 is a monopole antenna, and is composed of a linear conductor provided standing on the 2 nd substrate 109. Since the radio wave for V2X is typically in the 5.9GHz band, the length of the 2 nd antenna element 110 is approximately 1/2 wavelength (about 25 mm) of the vertical polarized wave for V2X.
The length of the 2 nd antenna element 110 may be 1/4 wavelength (about 12.5 mm). The 2 nd antenna element 110 is not limited to a monopole antenna, and may be a dipole antenna, a sleeve antenna, or the like. The 2 nd antenna element 110 is not limited to a linear conductor, and may be formed of a conductor having various shapes such as a metal sheet, or may be formed of a linear circuit provided on a substrate. The linear shape is not limited to a straight shape, and may include a curved or bent shape.
The 1 st and 2 nd non-feeding elements 111 and 112a to 112c are non-feeding elements that function as reflectors or directors for providing the 2 nd antenna element 110 with forward directivity.
The directivity of the 2 nd antenna element 110 obtained by the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c is not limited to the front direction, and may be, for example, a direction away from the 1 st antenna element 108 such as a left-right direction, a front left direction, a front right direction, or a front upper direction.
The 1 st non-feeding element 111 and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c are formed of non-grounded linear conductors provided on the 2 nd substrate 109.
The 1 st and 2 nd non-feeding elements 111 and 112a to 112c are not grounded, and the total length thereof is 1/2 or less, preferably 3/10 or less, of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave (about 190mm in the present embodiment) transmitted or received by the 1 st antenna element 108.
Here, the antenna characteristics (axial ratio, etc.) of the 1 st antenna element 108 may be deteriorated by the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c serving as wave sources, respectively. The influence of the ungrounded feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c on the 1 st antenna element 108 as a circularly polarized antenna was simulated by the model shown in fig. 4 to 6.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the arrangement relationship between a circularly polarized antenna and a non-feeding element in a model used in a simulation for verifying the influence of the non-feeding element on the circularly polarized antenna. Fig. 5 is AN enlarged view of the vicinity of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a side view of the vicinity of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4, as seen from the Y-axis forward direction.
In fig. 4 to 6, XY planes including the X axis and the Y axis perpendicular to each other are parallel to the round bottom plate PL. The direction from the center of the circularly polarized antenna AN toward the non-feeding element EL is the positive X-axis direction, and the right direction is the positive Y-axis direction when viewed from the positive X-axis direction. The axis passing through the center of the round bottom plate PL and orthogonal to the round bottom plate PL is a Z-axis, and the direction in which the circularly polarized antenna AN is located with respect to the round bottom plate PL is a Z-axis positive direction. And, θ represents an angle with respect to the Z axis,indicating an angle relative to the X-axis.
The round bottom plate PL is a circular set plate of diameter 1[m. The circularly polarized antenna AN is AN antenna arranged in the center of the round bottom plate PL, and has AN operating frequency of 1555-1610 MHz and receives right-hand polarized waves. The non-feeding element EL is disposed near the circularly polarized antenna AN, and the distance between the non-feeding element EL and the circularly polarized antenna AN is 20[ mm ]. The non-feeding element EL is a linear rod-shaped element having a length L [ mm ] in the Z-axis direction, and is not grounded because it is not electrically connected to the round bottom plate PL.
FIG. 7 shows a length L of 80[ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]A graph of simulation results in the case of (a) shows that the angle θ=80 [ degrees ] ]Lower wrap angleAngular distribution of the axial ratio of (c). Fig. 8 is a graph showing simulation results in the case where the non-feeding element EL in the ungrounded state is not provided, with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in fig. 4, showing that the angle θ=80 [ degrees ]]Lower wrap angle->Angular distribution of the axial ratio of (c).
In fig. 7 to 8, the circumferential direction indicates the angle[ degree of freedom ]]. The distance from the center represents the axial ratio [ dB ]]。
As can be seen from comparison of fig. 7 and 8, the length L is set to 80[ mm ] compared with the case where the non-feeding element EL in the non-grounded state is not set]In the case of the non-ground state non-power-feeding element EL, the axial ratio is at a specific angleThe downward direction increases sharply. This suggests that the non-feeding element EL affects the axial ratio.
In the simulation, since the maximum value of the axial ratio is 40dB, the axial ratio is 40dB in fig. 7 to 8 when the axial ratio is 40dB or more. Therefore, when the axial ratio is 40dB, the actual axial ratio may be 40dB or more, and the same applies to the simulation results below.
FIG. 9 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=0 [ degree ]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios. FIG. 10 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angle->A graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios. FIG. 11 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in an ungrounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angle->A graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
In each of fig. 9 to 11, the horizontal axis represents the length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL. The vertical axis represents the maximum value of the axial ratio [ dB ].
In fig. 9 to 11, the solid line shows the simulation results in the case where the operating frequency is 1560 MHz. The dashed line shows the simulation results for the case of an operating frequency of 1575 MHz. The single-dot chain line shows the simulation result in the case where the operating frequency is 1600 MHz.
As can be seen from fig. 9 to 11, the maximum value of the axial ratio increases as the length L of the non-feeding element EL increases from 0[ mm ], and becomes maximum when the length L is about 80[ mm ]. That is, as the length L of the non-feeding element EL becomes longer from 0[ mm ], the axial ratio deteriorates, and becomes worst when the length L is about 80[ mm ].
The length L of the non-feeding element EL of 80[ mm ] corresponds to about 1/2 wavelength of the operating frequencies 1560MHz, 1575MHz and 1600MHz of the circularly polarized antenna. Therefore, the length L of the non-fed element EL is desirably about 1/2 wavelength or less, preferably 3/10 wavelength or less of the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN when the non-fed element EL is not grounded.
Fig. 12 shows AN angle θ=60 [ degrees ] when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz]Lower wrap angleSimulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave). Fig. 13 shows AN angle θ=80 [ degrees ] when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz]Lower wrap angle->Simulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave).
In fig. 12 to 13, the circumferential direction indicates the angle[ degree of freedom ]]. The distance from the center represents the gain [ dBic ]]。
In fig. 12 to 13, the solid line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 0[ mm ], that is, the non-feeding element EL is not provided. The broken line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 40 mm. The one-dot chain line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the no-feeding element EL is 80[ mm ]. The two-dot chain line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 100[ mm ].
As can be seen from fig. 12 to 13, as the length L of the non-feeding element EL becomes longer from 0 mm, the circular polarized antenna AN deforms in directivity, and the deformation is maximized when the length L is about 80 mm. In addition, even when the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 100[ mm ], the directivity of the circular polarized antenna AN is deformed. Therefore, it is suggested that the directivity of the circularly polarized antenna AN is biased to a specific angle due to the influence of the non-feeding element EL.
FIG. 14 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in the ungrounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves). FIG. 15 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in the ungrounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angle->A graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves).
In each of fig. 14 to 15, the horizontal axis represents the length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL. The vertical axis represents gain [ dB ].
In fig. 14 to 15, the solid line represents the ratio (MAX/MIN) of the maximum value to the minimum value. The broken line indicates the maximum value (MAX) of the directivity of the gain. The single-dot chain line indicates the minimum value (MIN) of the directivity of the gain.
As is clear from fig. 14 to 15, as the length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL becomes longer from 0[ mm ], the ratio (MAX/MIN) of the maximum value to the minimum value becomes larger, and becomes maximum when the length L is about 80[ mm ]. The ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value (MAX/MIN) becomes smaller when the length L exceeds about 80[ mm ], but the ratio (MAX/MIN) at a length L of 100[ mm ] is greater than the ratio (MAX/MIN) at a length L of 0[ mm ].
This suggests that the non-feeding element EL affects the directivity of the circularly polarized antenna AN when the length L [ mm ] is long. Therefore, the length L of the non-fed element EL is desirably about 1/2 wavelength or less, preferably 3/10 wavelength or less of the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN when the non-fed element EL is not grounded.
As a result of such simulation, the inventors found that deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element 108 can be suppressed by adjusting the total length of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112 c. Specifically, as described above, in the case of the ungrounded feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c, the deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element 108 can be suppressed by setting the total length to 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave transmitted or received by the 1 st antenna element 108. Further, by setting the total length to 3/10 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element 108 can be suppressed even more.
Specifically, the 1 st non-feeding element 111 is an element functioning as a director for the 2 nd antenna element 110, and is disposed on the opposite side of the 1 st antenna element 108 with the 2 nd antenna element 110 interposed therebetween in the front-rear direction. That is, the 1 st non-feeding element 111 of the present embodiment is provided in front of the 2 nd antenna element 110. With this arrangement, the 1 st non-feeding element 111 having a height corresponding to the shape of the housing 101 rising from the tip (the front end in the present embodiment) can be arranged in the housing 101, so that the space in the housing 101 can be effectively utilized while controlling directivity, and the solid line antenna device 100 can be miniaturized.
The 1 st non-feeding element 111 of the present embodiment is a linear element provided substantially perpendicularly to the 2 nd substrate 109 and extending in the vertical direction.
The 1 st non-feeding element 111 may not be substantially perpendicular to the 2 nd substrate 109, but may extend obliquely upward with respect to the 2 nd substrate 109. The 1 st non-feeding element 111 may include a bent portion or a folded portion connected to a straight portion fixed to the 2 nd substrate 109 in the same manner as the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c, and the distal end portion may be projected in a direction different from the direction in which the straight portion extends.
The 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c are elements functioning as reflectors of the 2 nd antenna element 110, and are disposed between the 1 st antenna element 108 and the 2 nd antenna element 110 in the front-rear direction. With this arrangement, the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c having a height corresponding to the shape of the housing 101 rising from the tip (the front end in the present embodiment) can be arranged in the housing 101, so that the space in the housing 101 can be effectively utilized while controlling directivity, and the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized.
In the present embodiment, the number of 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c functioning as reflectors of the 2 nd antenna element 110 is three more than the number of 1 st non-feeding elements 111 functioning as directors of the 2 nd antenna element 110.
That is, the antenna device 100 of the present embodiment is provided with one non-feeding element 111 functioning as a director and three non-feeding elements 112a to 112c functioning as reflectors. Thus, the 2 nd antenna element 110 can have a desired directivity while the antenna device 100 is reduced in size and manufacturing cost of the antenna device 100 is reduced, and desired antenna characteristics can be achieved in the 2 nd antenna element 110.
At least one of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c may be provided. That is, either one of the 1 st non-feeding element 111 functioning as a director and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c functioning as a reflector may not be provided, and the 1 st non-feeding element 111 may be plural, or the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c may be 1 to 2, or 4 or more.
The 2 nd non-feeding element 112a is a non-feeding element provided right behind the 2 nd antenna element 110. The 2 nd non-feeding element 112b is a non-feeding element provided in the right rear of the 2 nd antenna element 110. The 2 nd non-feeding element 112c is a non-feeding element provided in the rear left of the 2 nd antenna element 110.
The 2 nd non-feeding element 112b and the 2 nd non-feeding element 112c are provided on different sides from each other with the 2 nd antenna element 110 as a center when viewed from the front. In the present embodiment, the 2 nd and 2 nd non-feeding elements 112b and 112c are provided at positions substantially symmetrical to each other with respect to an imaginary line passing through the center of the 1 st antenna element 108 and the center of the 2 nd antenna element 110 as a center when viewed from above.
The 2 nd non-feeding element 112a of the present embodiment has a straight portion 112a_1 provided substantially perpendicularly to the 2 nd substrate 109 and extending in the up-down direction, a bent portion 112a_2 that is bent or folded, and a distal end portion 112a_3 that extends forward. Thus, the distal end portion 112a_3 protrudes forward by being connected to the upper end of the straight portion 112a_1 via the bent portion 112a_2.
The 2 nd non-feeding element 112b has: a straight portion 112b_1 provided substantially perpendicularly to the 2 nd substrate 109 and extending in the up-down direction, a bent portion 112b_2 that is bent or curved, and a distal end portion 112b_3 extending rearward. Thus, the distal end portion 112b_3 protrudes rearward by being connected to the upper end of the straight portion 112b_1 via the bent portion 112b_2.
The 2 nd non-feeding element 112c has a straight portion 112c_1 provided substantially perpendicularly to the 2 nd substrate 109 and extending in the up-down direction, a bent portion 112c_2 bent or folded, and a distal end portion 112c_3 extending rearward, similarly to the 2 nd non-feeding element 112 b. Thus, the distal end portion 112c_3 protrudes rearward by being connected to the upper end of the straight portion 112b_1 via the bent portion 112c_2.
Here, in order to make the 1 st non-feeding element 111 function as a director and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c function as reflectors, the total length of each of the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c is made longer than the total length of the 1 st non-feeding element 111.
This is because the non-feeding element mainly functions as one of a director and a reflector of the antenna element, and changes according to the relationship with the wavelength of the radio wave transmitted or received by the antenna element.
For example, the 1 st non-feeding element 111 functions as a director by having a total length of approximately 1/2 or less of the wavelength (about 50mm in the present embodiment) of the linearly polarized wave (here, the vertically polarized wave) transmitted or received by the 2 nd antenna element 110. Each of the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c functions as a reflector by having a total length longer than approximately 1/2 of the wavelength of the vertically polarized wave.
Further, the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c having a length sufficient to function as a reflector may not be accommodated in the accommodation space if the entire elements are linear. In the present embodiment, the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c include the bent portions 112a_2, 112b_2, and 112c_2, and can be accommodated in the accommodation space while having a sufficient length to function as a reflector. Therefore, the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized while improving the antenna characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element 110.
In the 2 nd non-feeding element 112a and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112b and 112c, the protruding directions of the tip portions 112a_3, 112b_3 and 112c_3 are different. That is, the distal end portion 112a_3 of the 2 nd non-feeding element 112a located in front protrudes rearward, and the distal end portions 112b_3, 112c_3 of the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112b, 112c located in rear protrude forward.
Thus, the three 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c can be arranged compactly in the front-rear direction while having a sufficient length to function as a reflector. Therefore, the antenna characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element 110 can be improved, and the antenna device 100 can be prevented from being increased in size.
The non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c can also be wave sources. Therefore, even if the length described above functions as a director or a reflector, if the distance from the 2 nd antenna element 110 becomes long, the function as a director or a reflector may not be sufficiently exhibited due to the influence of the phase difference of the distance.
For example, the 1 st non-feeding element 111 having the above length, which functions as a director, functions as a reflector when the distance from the 2 nd antenna element 110 increases. For example, if the distance from the 2 nd antenna element 110 becomes longer, the gain in the horizontal plane varies depending on the wave source of each of the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c having the above-described length functioning as reflectors.
Accordingly, it is desirable that the feeding-free elements 111, 112a to 112c are each disposed within 1/2 of the wavelength of the vertical polarized wave received by the 2 nd antenna element 110 from the installation position of the 2 nd antenna element 110.
This suppresses deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element 110 due to the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c serving as wave sources, and enables the 1 st non-feeding element 111 to function as a director and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c to function as reflectors having good characteristics. Therefore, the antenna characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element 110 can be improved with the desired directivity.
Similarly, the antenna characteristics (axial ratio, etc.) of the 1 st antenna element 108 deteriorate by the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c each becoming a wave source. For example, when the total length of the ungrounded feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c is not 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave transmitted or received by the 1 st antenna element 108, it is desirable that the ungrounded feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c are each disposed at a distance of about 50 to 60mm or more from the center of the 1 st antenna element 108, for example, in the case of a circularly polarized antenna of 1555 to 1610 MHz.
This suppresses the influence on the 1 st antenna element 108 caused by the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c serving as wave sources, and suppresses the deterioration of the axial ratio of the 1 st antenna element 108. Therefore, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element 108 can be suppressed.
The resin holder 113 is a solid resin member provided with through holes or grooves for holding the 2 nd antenna element 110, the 1 st non-feeding element 111, and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112 c.
The resin holder 113 of the present embodiment has a front holder portion 113a and a rear holder portion 113b. The resin holder 113 may be integrally formed, or may be formed by combining a plurality of separable members such as the front holder portion 113a and the rear holder portion 113b.
The front holder 113a is a rectangular parallelepiped having substantially the same height as the 1 st non-feeding element 111, and is longer in the front-rear direction than in the left-right direction.
The front holder 113a has vertically penetrating holes arranged in the front-rear direction, the 1 st non-feeding element 111 is inserted into the front penetrating hole, and the 2 nd antenna element 110 is inserted into the rear penetrating hole.
The rear holder portion 113b has substantially the same height as the straight portions 112a_1, 112b_1, 112c_1, and includes a 1 st holding portion 113b_1 formed of a flat plate-like portion and a portion protruding rearward from an upper end portion thereof, and a 2 nd holding portion 113b_2 protruding rearward from a center of a rear surface of the flat plate-like portion.
Grooves extending in the up-down direction on the front surface and extending in the front-rear direction on the upper surface of the 1 st holding portion 113b_1 are provided at laterally symmetrical positions, and the 2 nd non-feeding element 112b and the 2 nd non-feeding element 112c are embedded in the right and left grooves, respectively.
The 2 nd holding portion 113b_2 is provided with a groove extending in the up-down direction at the center of the rear surface thereof and extending from the rear to the front on the upper surface thereof, and the 2 nd non-feeding element 112a is embedded in the groove.
The resin holder 113 of the present embodiment is fixed to the 2 nd substrate 109 by screw-fastening a portion extending from the bottom of the rear holder portion 113b to the left and right. The 1 st non-feeding element 111 and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c may be locked to the resin holder 113 by being fitted in grooves, or may be fixed by an adhesive material or the like as appropriate.
In general, dielectrics have an effect of shortening the wavelength of high-frequency electromagnetic waves (dielectric shortening). Therefore, by holding the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c with the resin holder 113, the size of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c can be reduced. Therefore, the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized.
In particular, as for dielectric shortening, the shorter the wavelength, the greater the effect thereof even when the occupied volume of the dielectric is small. Therefore, the effect is particularly great in the 2 nd antenna element 110 used for transmitting and receiving radio waves of a relatively short wavelength such as radio waves for V2X.
The shape of the resin holder 113 may be changed as appropriate, and a part or the whole of the resin holder 113 may be hollow. The resin holder 113 may not be provided for the 2 nd antenna portion 104.
The 3 rd antenna 105 includes a 3 rd substrate 114, a capacitive loading element 115a, and a spiral element 115b.
The 3 rd substrate 114 is a substrate fixed to the antenna base 100, for example, a PCB. The capacitive loading element 115a and the spiral element 115b are antenna elements for receiving radio waves for DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast, digital signal broadcasting), for example. The capacitive loading element 115a is fixed to a holder holding the spiral element 115b, and the holder is fixed to the 3 rd substrate 114.
The radio wave received or transmitted by the 3 rd antenna unit 105 is not limited to the radio wave for DAB, and may be appropriately changed. For example, radio waves for AM/FM may be used. The configuration of the antenna element included in the 3 rd antenna unit 105 may be changed as appropriate according to the radio wave received by the 3 rd antenna unit 105.
The upper end (upper surface) of the 1 st antenna 103 is disposed at a position lower than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110 in the present embodiment, but may be disposed at a position higher than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110.
When the upper end (upper surface) of the 1 st antenna 103 is disposed at a position lower than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110, the electrical characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element 110 can be improved. In addition, when the upper end (upper surface) of the 1 st antenna 103 is disposed at a position higher than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110, the electrical characteristics of the 1 st antenna 103 can be improved. By setting the height relationship between the 1 st antenna portion 103 and the 2 nd antenna element 110 according to the design application, the respective antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna portion 103 and the 2 nd antenna element 110 can be ensured without impairing the design of the antenna device 100, and thus the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized.
The upper end of the 3 rd antenna unit 105 is disposed at a position higher than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110 in the present embodiment, but may be disposed at a position lower than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110.
When the upper end of the 3 rd antenna unit 105 is disposed at a position higher than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110, the electrical characteristics of the 3 rd antenna unit 105 can be improved. In addition, when the upper end of the 3 rd antenna section 105 is disposed at a position lower than the upper end of the 2 nd antenna element 110, the electrical characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element 110 can be improved. By setting the height relationship between the 3 rd antenna section 105 and the 2 nd antenna element 110 according to the design application, the respective antenna characteristics of the 3 rd antenna section 105 and the 2 nd antenna element 110 can be ensured without impairing the design of the antenna device 100, and thus the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized.
Modification 1
In the embodiment, the example in which the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c are not grounded has been described, but the non-feeding element for imparting directivity to the 2 nd antenna element 110 may be grounded.
The 2 nd antenna portion 204 of modification 1 includes the 2 nd substrate 109, the 2 nd antenna element 110, and the resin holder 113 similar to those of the embodiment, and the 1 st non-feeding element 211 and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 212a to 212c instead of the 1 st non-feeding element 111 and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c of the embodiment. With these elements removed, the 2 nd antenna portion 204 of the present modification may be configured in the same manner as the 2 nd antenna portion 104 of the embodiment.
Fig. 16 is an enlarged perspective view of the 2 nd antenna portion 204 of modification 1, and shows a state in which the resin holder 113 is removed as in fig. 3.
The 1 st and 2 nd non-feeding elements 211 and 212a to 212c are grounded, respectively, and the total length thereof is 1/4 or less, preferably 3/20 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave transmitted or received by the 1 st antenna element 108.
Here, the grounded non-feeding elements 211, 212a to 212c may become wave sources in the same manner as the non-grounded non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c described in the embodiment, and thus the antenna characteristics (axial ratio, etc.) of the 1 st antenna element 108 may be deteriorated. The influence of the non-grounded feed elements 211, 212a to 212c on the 1 st antenna element 108 as a circularly polarized antenna was simulated.
The model used in the simulation of the present modification is a model in which the non-feeding element EL is changed to the ground state in the model described with reference to fig. 4 to 6.
That is, in the simulation of the present modification, the round bottom plate PL is a circular plate having a diameter 1[m. The circularly polarized antenna AN is AN antenna arranged in the center of the round bottom plate PL, and has AN operating frequency of 1555-1610 MHz and receives right-hand polarized waves. The non-feeding element EL is disposed near the circularly polarized antenna AN, and the distance between the non-feeding element EL and the circularly polarized antenna AN is 20[ mm ]. The non-feeding element EL is a linear rod-shaped element having a length L [ mm ] in the Z-axis direction. However, in the simulation of the present modification, the non-power-feeding element EL is grounded by being electrically connected to the round bottom plate PL.
FIG. 17 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna shown in FIG. 4]Angle θ=0 [ degree]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios. FIG. 18 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state with respect to the circularly polarized antenna]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angle->A graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios. FIG. 19 shows the length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angle->A graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
In each of FIGS. 17 to 19, the horizontal axis represents the length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL. The vertical axis represents the maximum value of the axial ratio [ dB ].
In fig. 17 to 19, the solid line shows the simulation results in the case where the operating frequency is 1560 MHz. The dashed line shows the simulation results for the case of an operating frequency of 1575 MHz. The single-dot chain line shows the simulation result in the case where the operating frequency is 1600 MHz.
As can be seen from fig. 17 to 19, the maximum value of the axial ratio increases as the length L of the non-feeding element EL increases from 0[ mm ], and becomes maximum when the length L is about 40[ mm ]. That is, as the length L of the non-feeding element EL becomes longer from 0[ mm ], the axial ratio deteriorates, and becomes worst when the length L is about 40[ mm ].
The length L of the non-feeding element EL of 40[ mm ] corresponds to about 1/4 wavelength of the operating frequencies 1560MHz, 1575MHz, 1600MHz of the circularly polarized antenna. Therefore, the length L of the non-feeding element EL is desirably about 1/4 wavelength or less, more desirably about 3/20 wavelength or less of the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN when the non-feeding element EL is grounded.
Fig. 20 shows AN angle θ=60 [ degrees ] when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz]Lower wrap angleSimulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave). Fig. 21 shows AN angle θ=80 [ degrees ] when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in fig. 4 is 1575MHz]Lower wrap angle->Simulation results related to the directivity of the gain of the circularly polarized wave (right-hand polarized wave).
In fig. 20 to 21, the circumferential direction indicates the angle[ degree of freedom ]]. The distance from the center represents the gain [ dBic ]]。
In fig. 20 to 21, the solid line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 0[ mm ], that is, the non-feeding element EL is not provided. The broken line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 40 mm. The one-dot chain line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the no-feeding element EL is 80[ mm ]. The two-dot chain line shows the simulation result in the case where the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 100[ mm ].
As can be seen from fig. 20 to 21, as the length L of the non-feeding element EL becomes longer from 0 mm, the circular polarized antenna AN deforms in directivity, and the deformation is maximized when the length L is about 40 mm. In addition, even when the length L of the non-feeding element EL is 100[ mm ], the directivity of the circular polarized antenna AN is deformed. Therefore, it is suggested that the directivity of the circularly polarized antenna AN is biased to a specific angle by the influence of the non-feeding element EL.
FIG. 22 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves). FIG. 23 shows a length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL in a grounded state when the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN shown in FIG. 4 is 1575MHz]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angle->A graph of simulation results related to the relationship between the directivities of the gains of circularly polarized waves (right-hand polarized waves).
In each of fig. 22 to 23, the horizontal axis represents the length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL. The vertical axis represents gain [ dB ].
In fig. 22 to 23, the solid line represents the ratio (MAX/MIN) of the maximum value to the minimum value of the gain. The broken line indicates the maximum value (MAX) of the directivity of the gain. The single-dot chain line indicates the minimum value (MIN) of the directivity of the gain.
As can be seen from fig. 22 to 23, as the length L [ mm ] of the non-feeding element EL becomes longer from 0[ mm ], the ratio (MAX/MIN) of the maximum value to the minimum value becomes larger, and becomes maximum when the length L is about 40[ mm ]. The ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value (MAX/MIN) becomes smaller when the length L exceeds about 40[ mm ], but the ratio (MAX/MIN) at a length L of 100[ mm ] is greater than the ratio (MAX/MIN) at a length L of 0[ mm ].
This suggests that the non-feeding element EL affects the directivity of the circularly polarized antenna AN when the length L [ mm ] is long. Therefore, when the non-fed element EL is grounded, the length L of the non-fed element EL is desirably about 1/4 wavelength or less, preferably about 3/20 wavelength or less of the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna AN.
As a result of such simulation, the inventors found that deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element 108 can be suppressed by adjusting the total length of each of the grounded non-feeding elements 211, 212a to 212 c. Specifically, in the case of the grounded non-feeding elements 211, 212a to 212c, as described above, by setting the total length thereof to 1/4 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave transmitted or received by the 1 st antenna element 108, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element 108 can be suppressed. By setting the total length to 3/20 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element 108 can be suppressed even more.
The 1 st non-feeding element 211, which is grounded, functions as a director by having a total length of approximately 1/4 or less of the wavelength of the vertical polarized wave transmitted or received by the 2 nd antenna element 110. The 2 nd non-feeding elements 212a to 212c, which are grounded, each function as a reflector by having a total length longer than approximately 1/4 of the wavelength of the vertically polarized wave.
Here, the 1 st and 2 nd non-feeding elements 211, 211a to 211c, which are grounded, function as directors or reflectors with a shorter length than the 1 st and 2 nd non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c, which are not grounded in the embodiment.
This is considered to be because, in the case of the grounded non-feeding element, the virtual other non-feeding element is arranged on the opposite side via the ground line, and thus the non-feeding element functions equally with a non-feeding element having a length approximately 2 times the actual length of the non-feeding element.
Therefore, by using the grounded non-feeding elements 211, 212a to 212c, the lengths thereof can be made shorter than the case of not being grounded. Therefore, the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized.
As shown in fig. 16, even if the 2 nd non-feeding elements 211a to 211c provided at the rear side of the 1 st non-feeding element 211 are linear, the 2 nd non-feeding elements 211a to 211c can be accommodated in the accommodation space. Therefore, the 2 nd non-feeding elements 211a to 211c can be manufactured easily since they are not bent. Therefore, the labor for manufacturing the antenna device 100 can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Modification 2
In modification 1, the description has been made of an example in which the non-feeding elements 211, 211a to 211c are provided substantially vertically on the 2 nd substrate 109, but the non-feeding elements 211, 211a to 211c that are grounded may be provided obliquely with respect to the 2 nd substrate 109. The grounded non-feeding elements 211, 211a to 211c may include bent or curved portions.
Modification 3
In the embodiment, the example was described in which the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c are made of linear conductors, but the non-feeding element for imparting directivity to the 2 nd antenna element 110 may be made of a conductor embedded in a resin or may be a conductor pattern provided on a substrate.
Fig. 24 shows an example of the non-feeding element 318 of modification 3. As shown in the figure, the non-feeding element 318 is a columnar member composed of a conductor 320 embedded in a resin portion 319. The conductor 320 may have a straight rod shape, a columnar shape, or the like, and may include a bent or curved portion. The non-feeding element may be formed of a conductor pattern provided on the substrate by printing or the like.
The non-feeding element 318 may be employed in the antenna device 100 in place of part or all of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c of the embodiment, for example. This can provide the above-described effect of shortening the dielectric, and therefore, even if the fed-free element 318 is smaller than the replaced fed-free elements 111, 112a to 112c, the 2 nd antenna element 110 can have the same directivity. Therefore, the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized.
Modification 4
In the embodiment, an example was described in which the 1 st non-feeding element 111 is linear, and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c are linear including a single bent or curved portion. However, the shapes of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c may be changed as appropriate.
For example, part or all of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c may be conductors formed in a meandering shape, a spiral shape, or the like. For example, part or all of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c may be plate-shaped conductors including flat or curved portions. This also has the same effects as those of the embodiment.
Further, a filter may be provided at any position of the non-power-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c to cut off the use frequency band of the circularly polarized wave of the 1 st antenna unit 103 and pass the use frequency band of the linearly polarized wave of the 2 nd antenna element 110.
For example, as shown in fig. 25, the lower ends of the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c may be connected to the substrate via a filter F. However, fig. 25 is a diagram showing a modification in which the filter F is provided in the non-feeding element, and the non-feeding element 112b is not shown in the figure because it is positioned right of the non-feeding element 112 c.
By providing the filter in this way, the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c are each operated in a state of not being grounded in the use frequency band of the 1 st antenna unit 103 and in a state of being grounded in the use frequency band of the 2 nd antenna element 110. Therefore, interference between the antennas of the 1 st antenna section 103 and the 2 nd antenna element 110 can be reduced.
Examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples
Through realityEach simulated model of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example was verified for the effect of the antenna device of embodiment and modification 1. In examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples, the same front-back direction, left-right direction, and up-down direction as in embodiment and modification 1 were used to show the directions. In addition, the angle relative to the upper side is set to be θ [ degree ]]The angle relative to the front is set as[ degree of freedom ]]。
Example 1 is a model of simulation in the case where the 1 st antenna unit 103 and the 2 nd antenna unit 104 of the embodiment are arranged on a ground potential substrate. Example 2 is a model of simulation in the case where the 1 st antenna unit 103 and the 2 nd antenna unit 204 of modification 1 are arranged on a ground potential substrate.
The comparative example is a model of simulation in the case where the 1 st antenna portion 103 and the 2 nd antenna portion 104 of the embodiment are arranged on a ground plane of a ground potential. That is, in the comparative example, the non-feeding elements having the same length and shape as the 1 st non-feeding element 111 and the 2 nd non-feeding elements 112a to 112c of the embodiment were assumed to be the model of the ground potential.
Fig. 26 is a diagram showing electrical characteristics of the 2 nd antenna portion 104 in the case where each model of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example is arranged on an infinite base plate. Is a value representing an operating frequency of 5.9GHz, and θ=90 [ degrees ]]Lower wrap angleA graph of the results of simulation relating to the directivity of the gain of the vertically polarized wave. In FIG. 26, the circumferential direction indicates the angle +.>. In addition, the distance from the center represents the gain [ dBi ]]。
As can be seen from fig. 26, in both examples 1 to 2 and comparative example, the 2 nd antenna element 110 can have substantially the same degree of good directivity in the forward direction by the non-feeding element.
Fig. 27 to 29 are diagrams showing electrical characteristics of the 1 st antenna 103 in the case where the models of examples 1 to 2 and comparative example are arranged on a circular base plate. FIG. 27 is a graph showing the operating frequency [ MHz ]]Angle θ=0 [ degree]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios. FIG. 28 is a graph showing the operating frequency [ MHz ]]Angle θ=60 degrees]Lower wrap angle->A graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios. FIG. 29 is a graph showing the operating frequency [ MHz ] ]Angle θ=80 degrees]Lower wrap angleA graph of simulation results related to the relationship between maximum values of the axial ratios within the angular distribution of the axial ratios.
In each of FIGS. 27 to 29, the horizontal axis represents the operating frequency [ MHz ]. The vertical axis represents the maximum value of the axial ratio [ dB ].
In fig. 27 to 29, the solid line shows the simulation result for example 1. The dashed line shows the simulation results for example 2. The single-dot chain line shows the simulation results for the comparative example.
As can be seen from fig. 27 to 29, examples 1 to 2 each show good axial ratio characteristics, but in the comparative example, the axial ratio characteristics are deteriorated as compared with examples 1 to 2. As described above, it is considered that this is because the length L of the non-feeding element corresponding to the grounded state (grounded/ungrounded) affects the electrical characteristics of the circularly polarized antenna (1 st antenna element 108) differently.
In example 1, the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c are not grounded as described in the embodiment, and have a size of 1/2 wavelength or less of the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna. In embodiment 2, the non-feeding elements 211, 212a to 212c are grounded as described in modification 1 and have a size of 1/4 wavelength or less of the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna.
In contrast, in the comparative example, the lengths of the non-feeding elements are, on the one hand, grounded as described above, and, on the other hand, 1/4 wavelength or more and 1/2 wavelength or less of the operating frequency of the circularly polarized antenna, as in the non-feeding elements 111, 112a to 112c of example 1.
From the results of such simulation, it is suggested that, in a non-grounded non-feeding element, by setting the length to 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave, a plurality of antenna elements are arranged close to each other, but good antenna characteristics can be obtained. In addition, it is suggested that the length of the grounded non-feeding element is 1/4 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave, and that a plurality of antenna elements are arranged close to each other, so that good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
In addition, in the case where the non-feeding element is not grounded, a circuit can be provided in a region of the substrate located below the non-feeding element, and thus miniaturization of the antenna device 100 in the left-right direction and the front-rear direction can be achieved. In addition, in the case where the non-feeding element is grounded, the height of the non-feeding element can be reduced, and thus the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized in the up-down direction. By selecting either the ground or the ungrounded ground of the feeding element according to the design application, the antenna device 100 can be miniaturized in an appropriate direction.
Modification examples 5 to 8
In the embodiment, an example in which the 1 st antenna element 108 including a patch antenna is one stage is described. However, the patch antenna may have a plurality of stages, and for example, the 1 st antenna element 108 including the patch antenna may be provided in a plurality of stages. Furthermore, a feeder-free element corresponding to the 1 st antenna element 108 may be provided.
In the embodiment, an example in which the capacitive loading element 115a including a meandering shape is divided into two parts in the left-right direction is described. However, the capacitive loading element is not limited to a shape divided into two parts in the left and right, and may be, for example, an integral body, or may be divided into a plurality of parts.
Fig. 30 to 33 show modifications to these. Fig. 30 shows the structures of the 1 st antenna element 108, the 3 rd non-feeding element 421, and the capacitive loading element 415a of modification 5. Fig. 31 shows the structures of the 1 st antenna element 108, the 3 rd non-feeding element 421, and the capacitive loading element 515a of modification 6. Fig. 32 shows the structures of the 1 st antenna element 408, the 3 rd non-feeding element 421, and the capacitive loading element 415a of modification 7. Fig. 33 shows the structures of the 1 st antenna element 408, the 3 rd non-feeding element 421, and the capacitive loading element 515a of modification 8.
The 1 st antenna element 408, the 3 rd non-feeding element 421, and the capacitive loading elements 415a and 515a will be described below. The structures 408, 421, 415a, and 515a may be the same as the antenna device 100 according to the embodiment in each modification.
The 1 st antenna element 408 is an antenna element in which the 1 st antenna element 108 is overlapped with two antenna elements in the vertical direction as in the embodiment. The 1 st antenna elements 108 each include a patch antenna.
The 3 rd feeding-less element 421 is a feeding-less element provided above the 1 st antenna element 108 or the 1 st antenna element 408, and is formed in a substantially square or rectangular flat plate shape. Specifically, the 3 rd feeding element 421 may be provided above the 1 st antenna element 108 in fig. 30 to 31 (modifications 5 to 6) and above the 1 st antenna element 408 in fig. 32 to 33 (modifications 7 to 8).
That is, in the 1 st antenna section of modification examples 5 to 6, the 3 rd non-feeding element 421 is added to the 1 st antenna section 108 of the embodiment. In the 1 st antenna portion of modification examples 7 to 8, the 1 st antenna portion 108 of the embodiment is replaced with the 1 st antenna portion 408, and a 3 rd non-feeding element 421 is added.
In each modification, the 3 rd feeding-less element 421 may be provided by an appropriate method, and may be held in the case 101, or may be fixed to the 1 st substrate 107, the antenna base 102, and the like via a support member not shown.
The 3 rd feeding-free element 421 is not limited to a flat plate, and may have a suitable shape such as a circular flat plate or a curved plate. The 3 rd non-feeding element 421 may be provided as needed, and in each modification, the 3 rd non-feeding element 421 may not be provided in order to satisfy the design requirements.
The capacitive loading element 415a is an umbrella-shaped capacitive loading element integrally formed by joining the top portions, and includes a serpentine shape.
The capacitive loading element 515a is composed of six divided partial elements, and is symmetrical to the left and right. Six partial elements constituting the capacitive loading element 515a are arranged three in the front-rear direction in each of the left and right directions. The partial elements arranged in the left and right directions gradually increase in size as they go rearward. The six partial elements have a structure in which the left and right sides are electrically connected to each other at the bottom, and the front-rear direction is connected to each other by a structure such as a filter that electrically cuts off the use frequency bands of the 1 st antenna unit and the 2 nd antenna unit. Each element constituting the capacitive loading element 515a is a flat plate or a curved plate, but may be modified to an appropriate shape or may include a serpentine shape. In addition, individual partial elements may be connected at the top or bottom or between them.
These modifications also have the same effects as those of the embodiment.
Modification 9
The term "in-vehicle" means that the antenna device 100 of the embodiment can be mounted on a vehicle, and thus, the antenna device is not limited to being mounted on a vehicle, but includes a case where the antenna device is mounted on a vehicle and used in the vehicle. In the embodiment, the description has been made of an example in which the antenna device is mounted on a "vehicle" as a vehicle with wheels, but the invention is not limited to this, and the antenna device may be mounted on a flying body such as an unmanned plane, a probe, a mobile body such as a construction machine without wheels, an agricultural machine, a ship, or the like, or may be applied to an antenna device held by various mobile bodies. The antenna device 100 according to the embodiment has the same effects as those of the embodiment even when applied to a moving body other than a vehicle.
The embodiments and modifications of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to these. The present invention includes a mode in which each embodiment is modified, a mode in which each modification is further modified, a mode in which each embodiment and each modification are combined, a mode in which the mode is further modified, and the like.
According to the present specification, the following schemes are provided.
(scheme 1)
An antenna device according to claim 1 includes:
a housing;
a base which forms a storage space together with the housing;
a 1 st antenna element which is housed in the housing space and transmits or receives at least circularly polarized waves;
a 2 nd antenna element arranged so as to be close to the 1 st antenna element, and configured to transmit or receive at least linearly polarized waves; and
at least one non-feeding element which becomes a reflector or director for the 2 nd antenna element.
According to claim 1, in the antenna device including the 1 st antenna element and the 2 nd antenna element disposed in close proximity thereto, the 2 nd antenna element can be provided with directivity. Therefore, good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
(scheme 2)
An aspect 2 is the antenna device according to claim 1, wherein,
the non-feeding element is disposed between the 1 st antenna element and the 2 nd antenna element.
In general, the reflector is larger than the director with respect to the influence of directivity to the 2 nd antenna element. Therefore, according to claim 2, by using the no-feed element disposed between the 1 st antenna element and the 2 nd antenna element as a reflector, the 2 nd antenna element can have directivity while suppressing the influence on the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element. Therefore, although the plurality of antenna elements are arranged close to each other, good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
(scheme 3)
The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the non-feeding element is disposed within a range of 1/2 of the wavelength of the linearly polarized wave from the position where the 2 nd antenna element is disposed.
According to claim 3, the non-feeding element serves as a wave source, whereby the non-feeding element can function as a director or a reflector. Therefore, the antenna characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element can be improved with the desired directivity.
(scheme 4)
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein,
the feeding-free elements include a 1 st feeding-free element and a 2 nd feeding-free element,
the 1 st non-feeding element is disposed on the opposite side of the 1 st antenna element with the 2 nd antenna element interposed therebetween, functions as a director for the 2 nd antenna element,
the 2 nd non-feeding element is disposed between the 1 st antenna element and the 2 nd antenna element, and functions as a reflector for the 2 nd antenna element.
According to claim 4, the 1 st non-feeding element functioning as a director and the 2 nd non-feeding element functioning as a reflector can provide directivity to the 2 nd antenna element. Therefore, good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
(scheme 5)
An antenna device according to claim 4, wherein,
the number of the non-feeding elements functioning as the reflector is larger than the number of the non-feeding elements functioning as the director.
As described above, in general, the reflector is larger than the director with respect to the influence of directivity of the 2 nd antenna element. According to the aspect 5, since the non-feeding element functioning as a reflector is provided more than the non-feeding element functioning as a director, the directivity of the 2 nd antenna element can be controlled more finely. Therefore, good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
(scheme 6)
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein,
the length of the non-feeding element is 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave when not grounded, and 1/4 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave when grounded.
According to claim 6, by setting the length of the ungrounded feeding element to 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave transmitted or received by the 1 st antenna element, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element can be suppressed. Further, by setting the length of the grounded non-feeding element to 1/4 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element can be suppressed. Therefore, although the plurality of antenna elements are arranged close to each other, good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
(scheme 7)
An antenna device according to claim 6, wherein,
the length of the non-feeding element is 3/10 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave when not grounded, and is 3/20 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave when grounded.
According to claim 7, by setting the length of the ungrounded feeding element to 3/10 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave transmitted or received by the 1 st antenna element, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element can be further suppressed. Further, by setting the length of the grounded non-feeding element to 3/20 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave, deterioration of the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element can be suppressed even more. Therefore, although the plurality of antenna elements are arranged close to each other, good antenna characteristics can be further obtained.
(scheme 8)
An aspect 8 is the antenna device according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein,
the non-feeding element has a bent or curved portion.
According to claim 8, the non-feeding element can be made to have a sufficient length to perform its function, and can be accommodated in the accommodation space. Therefore, the antenna device can be miniaturized while improving the antenna characteristics of the 2 nd antenna element.
(scheme 9)
The antenna device according to claim 9 is the antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein,
the non-feeding element is a linear conductor.
In general, the influence on the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element can be suppressed more than in the case where the non-feeding element is in the form of a plate. Therefore, according to claim 9, the 2 nd antenna element can have directivity while suppressing the influence on the antenna characteristics of the 1 st antenna element. Therefore, although the plurality of antenna elements are arranged close to each other, good antenna characteristics can be obtained.
(scheme 10)
The antenna device according to claim 10 is the antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein,
also comprises a resin retainer, wherein the resin retainer is provided with a plurality of resin retaining grooves,
the resin holder holds at least one of the non-feeding elements.
According to the scheme 10, the size of the feeding-less element can be reduced by dielectric shortening. Therefore, the antenna device can be miniaturized.
The present application claims priority based on japanese patent application No. 2020-213149 filed on 12/23 in 2020, and the entire disclosure thereof is incorporated herein. The present application claims priority based on U.S. provisional application No. 63170043 filed on 4/2/2021, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein.
Description of the reference numerals
100. Vehicle antenna device (antenna device)
101. Antenna shell
102. Antenna base
103. 1 st antenna part
104. 204 nd antenna part
105. 3 rd antenna part
107. 1 st substrate
108. 408 st antenna element 1
109. 2 nd substrate
110. No. 2 antenna element
111. 211 1 st no feed element
112a, 112b, 112c, 212a, 212b, 212c no-feed element 2
Straight portions 112a_1, 112b_1, 112c_1
112a_2, 112b_2, 112c_2 bends
Distal end portions of 112a_3, 112b_3, 112c_3
113. Resin retainer
113a front holder part
113b rear holder portion
113b_1 st holding part
113b_2 nd holding part
114. 3 rd substrate
115a, 415a, 515a capacitive loading element
115b spiral element
318. Non-feeding element
319. Resin part
320. Conductor
421. No. 3 feeding element
P pad
PL round bottom plate
AN circular polarization antenna
EL non-feeding element
And F, a filter.

Claims (10)

1. An antenna device is provided with:
a housing;
a base which forms a storage space together with the housing;
a 1 st antenna element which is housed in the housing space and transmits or receives at least circularly polarized waves;
a 2 nd antenna element arranged so as to be close to the 1 st antenna element, and configured to transmit or receive at least linearly polarized waves; and
At least one non-feeding element which becomes a reflector or director for said 2 nd antenna element.
2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein,
the non-feeding element is disposed between the 1 st antenna element and the 2 nd antenna element.
3. The antenna device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the non-feeding element is disposed within a range of 1/2 of the wavelength of the linearly polarized wave from the position where the 2 nd antenna element is disposed.
4. The antenna device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein,
the no-feed element includes a 1 st no-feed element and a 2 nd no-feed element,
the 1 st non-feeding element is disposed on the opposite side of the 1 st antenna element with the 2 nd antenna element interposed therebetween, functions as a director of the 2 nd antenna element,
the 2 nd non-feeding element is disposed between the 1 st antenna element and the 2 nd antenna element, and functions as a reflector for the 2 nd antenna element.
5. The antenna device according to claim 4, wherein,
the number of the non-feeding elements functioning as the reflector is larger than the number of the non-feeding elements functioning as the director.
6. The antenna device according to any of claims 1-5, wherein,
the length of the non-feeding element is 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave when not grounded, and 1/4 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave when grounded.
7. The antenna device according to claim 6, wherein,
the length of the non-feeding element is 3/10 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave in the case of non-grounding, and is 3/20 or less of the wavelength of the circularly polarized wave in the case of grounding.
8. The antenna device according to any of claims 1-7, wherein,
the unpowered element has a bent or curved portion.
9. The antenna device according to any of claims 1-8, wherein,
the non-feeding element is a linear conductor.
10. The antenna device according to any of claims 1-9, wherein,
also comprises a resin retainer, wherein the resin retainer is provided with a plurality of resin retaining grooves,
the resin holder holds at least one of the feeding-free elements.
CN202180083814.4A 2020-12-23 2021-12-22 Antenna device Pending CN116670926A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2020-213149 2020-12-23
US202163170043P 2021-04-02 2021-04-02
US63/170,043 2021-04-02
PCT/JP2021/047744 WO2022138785A1 (en) 2020-12-23 2021-12-22 Antenna device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116670926A true CN116670926A (en) 2023-08-29

Family

ID=87710419

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202180083814.4A Pending CN116670926A (en) 2020-12-23 2021-12-22 Antenna device
CN202280025230.6A Pending CN117178430A (en) 2021-03-29 2022-03-29 Vehicle-mounted antenna device

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202280025230.6A Pending CN117178430A (en) 2021-03-29 2022-03-29 Vehicle-mounted antenna device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (2) CN116670926A (en)

Also Published As

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