CN116666694A - Cold start device without de-icing for fuel cell - Google Patents
Cold start device without de-icing for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN116666694A CN116666694A CN202310919667.0A CN202310919667A CN116666694A CN 116666694 A CN116666694 A CN 116666694A CN 202310919667 A CN202310919667 A CN 202310919667A CN 116666694 A CN116666694 A CN 116666694A
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- water tank
- heat preservation
- water
- vacuum
- fuel cell
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 325
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04686—Failure or abnormal function of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cold start device for a fuel cell without ice melting, which comprises a proton exchange membrane stack, a condenser and a water tank. The water tank includes: the water tank body, water tank work area, water tank heat preservation portion. The water tank working area is arranged between the water tank body and the water tank heat preservation part, and the water tank heat preservation part is provided with a vacuum area. The proton exchange membrane galvanic pile, the condenser and the water tank form a water circulation part of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, can supply water for the galvanic pile in a circulating way during operation, and can supply water for the galvanic pile rapidly without an auxiliary heating structure during starting. The water tank adopts the zoned structural design, the water tank work area is the normal work area for providing the whole hydrologic cycle under the fuel cell running state, and the water tank heat preservation portion is the vacuum water storage area, and it has double-deck or multilayer vacuum area, has reduced the conduction medium on the heat conduction route, can play good heat insulating effect, delays the freezing speed of water storage in the water tank heat preservation portion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems, in particular to a cold starting device for a fuel cell without ice melting.
Background
A fuel cell system refers to a fuel cell engine that provides a power source for an electric vehicle, which must operate at temperatures at which water does not freeze. Fuel cell systems using Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) typically require the participation of water because water can wet the proton exchange membrane for better product performance and operational life. During normal operation of the engine, water flows to drive electrons generated from the anode to transport to the cathode through the proton exchange membrane. While a large amount of water is produced at the cathode side. In an environment close to freezing point temperature, the traditional method for starting and running the fuel cell is to discharge part or all of water in the fuel cell into a water tank in the shutdown process, then the frozen ice must be melted before the fuel cell is started, after the ice is melted into water, the ice is moved back into the fuel cell, generally, the process can take at least a few minutes, in the practical process of a vehicle, the starting time is obviously overlong, and the requirement of a consumer on quick starting of the vehicle is difficult to meet. Meanwhile, heat and a part of energy are generated in the process of ice thawing, so that the energy consumption is increased, and the energy conversion efficiency of the system is adversely affected.
In the prior art, another mode is also available, the water pipeline inside the electric pile is designed in a reconstruction mode, specifically, the water pipeline is designed to be smaller, and part of water is reserved in the water channel by arranging a plurality of holes in the water pipeline, so that the water can be prevented from entering the reactant channel of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment, the freezing of the water in the electric pile to a certain extent is allowed in the shutdown process to a certain extent, and the frozen water only exists in the waterway rather than in the reaction channel, so that the cold starting problem in the low-temperature environment can be solved by the structural design to a certain extent, and the time required for the cell to reach the working temperature is increased. Meanwhile, the structural design does not really solve the problems of quick starting of the fuel cell system and energy consumption under the low-temperature freezing condition.
In addition, the water tank structure is optimized, the water tank is divided into two areas, one area is kept in a water-free state, the other area is kept in a water state, when partial freezing exists in the water area, the residual water in the water tank is more, meanwhile, the produced water can be supplied to the water tank more quickly, the requirements on the fuel cell system can be met to a certain extent through the structural process route, the process control is complex, the water area cannot be prevented from being completely frozen under the environment with lower temperature, the application range is narrow, and the practical requirements are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a cold start device of a fuel cell that does not de-ice. Through setting up water tank heat preservation portion in the water tank, water tank heat preservation portion contains vacuum region, reduces thermal propagation medium on the heat propagation path, has postponed the icing speed of the water of water tank heat preservation portion storage to a great extent, can guarantee under cold condition that the state of keeping water for a long time in the water tank heat preservation portion, need not to help any outside auxiliary defrosting method, can provide required moisture for fuel cell system start-up, has improved fuel cell system's start-up speed, has reduced the energy consumption. And the deformation caused by the vacuum degree change of the water tank heat preservation part caused by the temperature change is detected, so that early warning can be made on complete icing, and the coping strategy can be formulated in advance conveniently.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a cold starting device for a fuel cell without de-icing, which comprises a proton exchange membrane stack, a condenser and a water tank. The water tank includes: the water tank body, water tank work area, water tank heat preservation portion. The water tank working area is arranged between the water tank body and the water tank heat preservation part, and the water tank heat preservation part is provided with a vacuum area.
The proton exchange membrane galvanic pile, the condenser and the water tank form a water circulation part of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, can supply water for the galvanic pile in a circulating way during operation, and can supply water for the galvanic pile rapidly without an auxiliary heating structure during starting. The water tank is simple in structure, adopts the zoned structural design, and the water tank working area is a normal working area for providing integral water circulation under the running state of the fuel cell, and the water tank heat preservation part is a vacuum water storage area which is provided with double-layer or multi-layer vacuum areas, so that the heat conduction medium on a heat conduction path is reduced, a good heat insulation effect can be achieved, and the freezing speed of the internal storage water storage of the water tank heat preservation part is delayed. The water tank heat preservation part is embedded into the water tank body, so that the volume ratio is effectively reduced, and the whole volume and weight of the fuel cell are reduced. The installation and the maintenance are convenient, the whole water tank heat preservation part can be selectively installed, the water tank heat preservation part can be dismantled in areas where cold start is not needed, and the overall performance of the fuel cell is not affected. The process flow is simple, does not occupy redundant waterway circulation, is consistent with the system starting flow at normal temperature, even if partial frozen ice exists in the water tank heat preservation part, the frozen ice of the water tank heat preservation part can be defrosted in an auxiliary way by the air with higher temperature generated after the water tank heat preservation part is started, and the frozen ice can be melted in an extremely short time and directly supplied to a galvanic pile for use.
Further, the water tank body is a hollow cube, the side wall of the water tank body is provided with an overflow port and a water tank water outlet, the overflow port is arranged above the water tank water outlet, and the bottom of the water tank body is provided with a drain valve; the upper end of the heat preservation part of the water tank is provided with a water inlet of the heat preservation part, the lower end of the heat preservation part of the water tank is provided with a water outlet of the heat preservation part, the water inlet of the heat preservation part is lower than the overflow port, and the water outlet of the heat preservation part penetrates through the bottom of the water tank body. The overflow port can control the total amount of water stored in the water tank to prevent excessive water storage or insufficient water storage. After the fuel cell system stops using, the drain valve is started to drain water in the water tank working area, so that the large-area icing in the water tank can be prevented, the water tank can be effectively protected, and the service life of the water tank is prolonged. The water inlet of the heat preservation part is lower than the overflow port, so that the water in the heat preservation part of the water tank can be always in a water state.
Further, the water tank heat preservation portion sets up in the inside central point of water tank body, and water tank heat preservation portion outer wall does not contact with water tank body inner wall, is provided with the location muscle between water tank heat preservation portion and the water tank body. The outer wall of the water tank heat preservation part is not contacted with the inner wall of the water tank body through the positioning ribs, so that the conduction medium between the water tank heat preservation part and the water tank body is reduced, and the freezing speed of water stored in the water tank heat preservation part can be effectively delayed.
Further, the water tank heat preservation part is provided with a multi-layer vacuum area, and comprises a multi-layer vacuum shell and a vacuum water storage liner, wherein the inner surface of the vacuum shell is not contacted with the outer surface of the vacuum water storage liner. The lower the air pressure in the vacuum area, the less gas molecules (the smaller the gas concentration) are in the closed environment, the less gas molecules are involved in heat transfer, the lower the heat conductivity coefficient is, and the heat conduction medium on the heat conduction path is greatly reduced by arranging a plurality of layers of vacuum areas, so that the water storage and icing speed of the heat preservation part of the water tank can be slowed down.
Further, the vacuum shell is made of stainless steel, and the pressure in the vacuum area of the vacuum shell is 30kpa plus or minus 5kpa. The stainless steel material is adopted to increase the strength of the heat preservation part of the water tank, prolong the service life of the heat preservation part, well support the internal structure, ensure the vacuum degree of the vacuum area to achieve the effect of delaying heat conduction when the pressure in the vacuum area is 30kpa plus or minus 5kpa, and slow down the water storage icing speed of the heat preservation part of the water tank.
Further, the vacuum water storage liner is made of rubber, and the pressure in a vacuum area of the vacuum water storage liner is 1 kpa+/-0.5 kpa. The rubber material has ductility, and the shaping is easier, more can adapt to the change of reservoir volume to make vacuum water storage inner bag outer wall and vacuum shell inner wall contactless more easily, rubber material weight is lighter simultaneously, has alleviateed holistic weight. The pressure in the vacuum area of the vacuum water storage liner is set to be 1kpa plus or minus 0.5kpa, so that a better heat preservation effect can be achieved.
Further, the vacuum water storage inner container comprises an inner container inner layer and an outer container layer, the thicknesses of the inner container inner layer and the outer container layer are 20mm, and the distance between the inner container inner layer and the outer container layer is 40mm. Under the condition that the internal pressure is kept at 1kpa +/-0.5 kpa, the thickness is set to be 20mm, the distance is set to be 40mm, the inner layer of the inner container and the outer layer of the inner container can be prevented from being attached, and the longer heat conduction distance is kept so as to increase the heat preservation performance. The temperature gradually decreases in the heat conduction process, so that the vacuum degree decreases in the vacuum rubber, and the vacuum rubber can further have a heat preservation effect on the residual water in the vacuum.
Further, the thickness of the inner layer of the inner container and the outer layer of the inner container are 5mm, the distance between the inner layer of the inner container and the outer layer of the inner container is 40mm, and supporting ribs are arranged between the inner layer of the inner container and the outer layer of the inner container. Further prevent that inner bag inlayer and inner bag skin from laminating, keep longer heat conduction distance in order to increase thermal insulation performance.
Further, a spacer layer is disposed within the vacuum region. The spacer layer has the effect of reflecting heat, can slow down the conduction heat through the mode of thermal radiation, reaches better heat preservation effect.
Further, the cold start device of the fuel cell without ice melting further comprises an early warning system, the early warning system comprises a deformation sensor, a processor and an early warning component, the deformation sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the outer layer of the inner container, the output end of the deformation sensor is connected with the input end of the processor, and the output end of the processor is connected with the early warning component. When the temperature changes, the vacuum degree of the vacuum area of the vacuum water storage liner can change, the outer layer of the liner stretches out and draws back, the vacuum degree of the vacuum area of the vacuum water storage liner can increase in cold environment, the outer layer of the liner contracts, the contraction degree of the outer layer of the liner is monitored through a deformation sensor, when the water stored in the vacuum water storage liner is completely frozen, the deformation sensor can transmit deformation signals to a processor, after the processor receives the deformation signals, an alarm signal is transmitted to an early warning component, the early warning component gives out audible and visual alarm, a user can know the frozen condition of the stored water of the fuel cell in advance, when the vehicle needs to be started, auxiliary heating equipment is started in advance to melt ice, and the error of travel is avoided.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are only for aiding those skilled in the art in understanding the technical aspects of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments described in conjunction with the drawings are only for explaining the technical aspects of the present invention, not for limiting the scope of the present invention unduly. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a water tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a water tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a heat insulation part of a water tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a heat insulation part of a water tank provided with a multi-layer vacuum shell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a vacuum water storage liner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a vacuum water storage liner provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum water storage liner A-A according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of connection of an early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals:
1. proton exchange membrane galvanic pile; 11. an air inlet; 12. a hydrogen inlet; 13. a hydrogen outlet; 14. an air outlet;
2. a condenser;
3. a water tank; 31. a water tank body; 311. an overflow port; 312. a water outlet of the water tank; 313. a drain valve; 32. a water tank working area; 33. a water tank heat preservation part; 331. a water inlet of the heat preservation part; 332. a water outlet of the heat preservation part; 333. a vacuum region; 334. a vacuum housing; 335. a vacuum water storage liner; 336. an inner layer of the inner container; 337. an outer layer of the inner container; 338. a water storage area of the inner container;
4. positioning ribs;
5. a support rib;
6. a spacer layer;
7. an early warning system; 71. a deformation sensor; 72. a processor; 73. and an early warning component.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the general inventive concept, a detailed description is given below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. In the description of the present specification, the description with reference to the terms "one aspect," "some aspects," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the aspect or example is included in at least one aspect or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily for the same scheme or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more aspects or examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the invention provides a cold start device for a fuel cell without ice melting, which comprises a proton exchange membrane stack 1, a condenser 2 and a water tank 3. The water tank 3 includes: a water tank body 31, a water tank working area 32, and a water tank heat preservation part 33. The tank work area 32 is provided between the tank body 31 and the tank heat preservation part 33, and the tank heat preservation part 33 is provided with a vacuum area 333.
The fuel cell system is a power source of a new energy automobile or the like, and includes a fuel cell stack, also referred to as a stack assembly. The fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of fuel cells, typically of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) type, which are arranged above a condenser 2 and below the condenser 2 a water tank 3. The air inlet 11 is positioned above the fuel cell stack, the air outlet 14 is positioned below the stack, and the hydrogen inlet 12 and the hydrogen outlet 13 are also arranged.
In operation, air enters the stack through the air inlet 11, and the reacted air passes through the condenser 2, enters the water tank 3, and is finally discharged through the air outlet. By the time the air passes through the condenser 2, the cooling liquid inside the condenser 2 has started to flow, and the outside adjusts the temperature of the water inside the condenser 2 by one or more variable frequency fans, thereby controlling the condenser 2 to recover the moisture in the air.
Hydrogen enters the pile through a hydrogen inlet 12, is discharged through a hydrogen outlet 13 after being reacted in the pile, and the system is usually provided with a hydrogen circulating pump, so that the hydrogen can be recycled.
The water pump sucks the condensed and recovered water from the water tank 3, enters the inside of the electric pile through the water channel, and then cools and humidifies the electric pile through the water channel in the electric pile. Meanwhile, as the air after the reaction is wet air, the water generated by condensing the wet air is recycled into the water tank 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the technical point of the cold start scheme of the fuel cell system in the low temperature environment is the structural division of the water tank 3 (water tank work area 32, water tank heat preservation portion 33). The wet air at the outlet of the electric pile is condensed by the condenser 2 to generate water, the water enters the whole water tank 3 area, the whole water tank 3 area is divided into a water tank working area 32 and a water tank heat preservation part 33, the water tank working area 32 is used for storing circulating water for the normal operation of the fuel cell, the water tank heat preservation part 33 is kept in a state of water at the moment, the vacuum area 333 is arranged at the water tank heat preservation part 33, the water storage and ice formation speed in the fuel cell is delayed, and when the fuel cell system is started, a small amount of water is needed to humidify a proton exchange membrane so as to start the fuel cell system, and the water can timely and quickly provide water for the fuel cell.
When the fuel cell system is turned off, the drain valve under the water tank work area 32 is opened, so that the water in the water tank work area 32 is completely discharged, a dry environment is maintained, and large-area icing is prevented. Then closing the drain valve 313, and supplying water to the electric pile from the stored water in the water tank heat preservation part 33, in the subsequent starting, generating a large amount of water by the wet air after the electric pile reaction through the condenser 2, re-entering the water tank 3, supplementing the water in the water tank working area 32 and the water tank heat preservation part 33, and if the water yield is excessive, discharging the excessive water through the overflow port 311, wherein the water inlet 331 of the heat preservation part is lower than the overflow port 311, so that the condensed water fills the water tank working area 32 first and then fills the water tank heat preservation part 33. When the fuel cell system is shut down, the water in the water tank working area 32 is completely discharged, large-area frozen ice is not generated at this time, and no additional ice melting is needed, the water tank heat preservation part 33 has good heat preservation property, even if a small amount of frozen ice may exist in an extremely cold environment, the overheated air generated by starting the fuel cell system can quickly melt the ice, and no additional auxiliary ice melting strategy is needed in the whole process.
The proton exchange membrane pile 1, the condenser 2 and the water tank 3 form a water circulation part of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system, can supply water for the pile in circulation during operation, and can supply water for the pile rapidly without an auxiliary heating structure during starting. The water tank 3 has a simple structure, adopts a zoned structural design, the working area of the water tank 3 is a normal working area for providing integral water circulation under the running state of the fuel cell, the water tank heat preservation part 33 is a vacuum water storage area, the vacuum water storage area is provided with double-layer or multi-layer vacuum areas, the conduction medium on a heat conduction path is reduced, a good heat insulation effect can be achieved, and the freezing speed of the internal storage water storage of the water tank heat preservation part 33 is delayed. The water tank heat preservation part 33 is embedded into the water tank body, so that the volume ratio is effectively reduced, and the overall volume and weight of the fuel cell are reduced. The installation and maintenance are convenient, and the whole water tank heat preservation part 33 can be selectively installed, and the water tank heat preservation part 33 can be dismantled in the area where cold start is not needed, so that the overall performance of the fuel cell is not affected. The process flow is simple, does not occupy redundant waterway circulation, is consistent with the system starting flow at normal temperature, even if partial frozen ice exists in the water tank heat preservation part 33, the frozen ice of the water tank heat preservation part 33 can be defrosted in an auxiliary way by the air with higher temperature generated after the water tank heat preservation part 33 is started, and the frozen ice can be melted in an extremely short time and directly supplied to a galvanic pile for use.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the water tank body 31 is designed as a hollow cube, the material of the water tank body 31 is preferably stainless steel, the side wall of the water tank body 31 is provided with an overflow port 311 and a water tank water outlet 312, the overflow port 311 is arranged above the water tank water outlet 312, the overflow port 311 can drain redundant water, the water quantity of the water tank working area 32 is kept at a reasonable value, and the water in the water tank working area 32 is not too much nor too little and flows back to the electric pile for reaction through the water tank water outlet 312. The bottom of the water tank body 31 is provided with the drain valve 313, water in the water tank working area 32 is drained after the machine is stopped, large-area icing is prevented, the water tank 3 can be effectively protected, and the service life of the water tank 3 is prolonged; the upper end of the water tank heat preservation part 33 is provided with a heat preservation part water inlet 331, the lower end of the water tank heat preservation part 33 is provided with a heat preservation part water outlet 332, the height of the heat preservation part water inlet 331 is lower than that of the overflow port 311, condensed water can fill the water tank working area 32 first and then fill the water tank heat preservation part 33, the water tank heat preservation part 33 can be ensured to be always in a water state, and the heat preservation part water outlet 332 penetrates through the bottom of the water tank body 31 and is communicated with a galvanic pile.
As shown in fig. 4, the shape of the water tank heat preservation part 33 is a cube, the water tank heat preservation part 33 is arranged at the central position inside the water tank body 31, the outer wall of the water tank heat preservation part 33 is not contacted with the inner wall of the water tank body 31, and a positioning rib 4 is arranged between the water tank heat preservation part 33 and the water tank body 31. As shown in the figure, under the stretching and supporting actions of the positioning ribs 4, the water tank heat preservation part 33 is hung at the central position of the water tank body 31, the positioning ribs 4 are made of metal or plastic, the connection points of the positioning ribs 4 can be freely selected according to the stress condition, preferably, eight external corners of an internal square are connected with eight internal corners of an external square, four positioning ribs 4 at the upper side are subjected to tensile force, four positioning ribs 4 at the lower side are subjected to pressure, and the eight positioning ribs 4 jointly fix the water tank heat preservation part 33 at the central position of the water tank body 31. Unlike the design in fig. 2, in the design of the present embodiment, any outer wall of the tank heat-insulating portion 33 is not in contact with the inner wall of the tank body 31, the solid propagation path of heat is reduced, and the distances from the tank heat-insulating portion 33 to the surroundings are the same, the heat transfer efficiency is uniform and even, and the freezing speed of water stored in the tank heat-insulating portion 33 is greatly retarded.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 5, the water tank heat preservation part 33 is provided with a vacuum outer shell 334 and a vacuum water storage inner container 335, the vacuum outer shell 334 is of a sandwich structure, the sandwich layer is a vacuum area 333, the vacuum water storage inner container 335 is of a sandwich structure with the vacuum area 333, and the inner container water storage area 338 is arranged inside the vacuum water storage inner container.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the water tank heat preservation part 33 is provided with a multi-layer vacuum area 333, which comprises a multi-layer vacuum casing 334 and a vacuum water storage liner 335, and the heat preservation effect is better as the number of layers of the vacuum casing 334 is larger under the allowable conditions of volume, weight, processing technology, installation and the like. The inner surface of the vacuum casing 334 is not in contact with the outer surface of the vacuum water storage liner 335, and the vacuum water storage liner 335 can be designed into a shape as shown in the figure or other shapes, and the maximum deformation is required to be ensured not to be in contact with the inner surface of the vacuum casing 334. The lower the air pressure in the vacuum region 333, the less gas molecules (the lower the gas concentration) the lower the air pressure in the closed environment, the less gas molecules participate in heat transfer, and the lower the heat conductivity coefficient, and by providing the multi-layer vacuum region 333, the heat conduction medium on the heat conduction path is greatly reduced, and the water storage and icing speed of the water tank heat preservation part 33 can be slowed down.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the vacuum housing 334 is made of stainless steel, and the pressure in the vacuum region 333 of the vacuum housing 334 is 30kpa±5kpa. The adoption of stainless steel can increase the strength of the water tank heat preservation part 33, prolong the service life of the water tank heat preservation part, and can well support the internal structure, and ensure that the vacuum degree of the vacuum region 333 can achieve the effect of delaying heat conduction while reducing the difficulty of the vacuumizing process when the pressure in the vacuum region 333 is 30 kpa+/-5 kpa, thereby slowing down the speed of water storage and icing of the water tank heat preservation part 33.
Example 4:
the vacuum water storage bladder 335 is made of rubber, preferably NBR nitrile rubber. Through experiments, when the external pressure is 101kpa, the pressure in the vacuum region 333 of the vacuum water storage liner 335 is preferably 1kpa±0.5kpa.
The rubber material has ductility, and the shaping is easier, more can adapt to the change of water storage capacity to make vacuum water storage inner bag 335 outer wall and vacuum shell 334 inner wall contactless more easily, rubber material weight is lighter simultaneously, has alleviateed holistic weight. The pressure in the vacuum area of the vacuum water storage liner 335 is set to be 1kpa + -0.5 kpa, so that a better heat preservation effect can be achieved.
Example 5:
when the external pressure is 101kpa and the pressure in the vacuum area 333 of the vacuum water storage liner 335 is 1kpa ± 0.5kpa, the following experiment is performed on the deformation condition of the vacuum water storage liner 335:
as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the vacuum water storage inner container 335 includes an inner container inner layer 336 and an outer container layer 337, and considering the volume and the heat insulation effect of the vacuum water storage inner container 335, when the support ribs 5 are not added, the thicknesses of the inner container inner layer 336 and the outer container layer 337 are preferably 20mm, and meanwhile, the distance between the inner container inner layer 336 and the outer container layer 337 is 40mm. Under the condition that the internal pressure is kept at 1kpa plus or minus 0.5kpa, the thickness is set to be 20mm, the distance is set to be 40mm, the inner liner layer 336 and the outer liner layer 337 can be ensured not to be attached, and a longer heat conduction distance is kept so as to increase the heat insulation performance. The vacuum degree is decreased in the vacuum water storage liner 335 due to the gradual temperature decrease process during heat conduction, so that the vacuum residual water can be further insulated.
As shown in fig. 9, when the supporting rib 5 is added, the thicknesses of the inner liner layer 336 and the outer liner layer 337 are 5mm, the distance between the inner liner layer 336 and the outer liner layer 337 is 40mm, the supporting rib 5 is arranged between the inner liner layer 336 and the outer liner layer 337, the supporting rib 5 is preferably an annular supporting rib as shown in the drawing, and the supporting points can be increased or reduced according to the deformation condition. Saving materials and reducing weight, but the heat preservation effect is reduced compared with the previous proposal. The selection can be performed autonomously according to the actual situation.
Example 6:
as shown in fig. 5, a spacer layer 6 is provided in the vacuum region 333. The spacer layer 6 is made of low thermal conductivity materials, preferably ceramics, alumina, zirconia or high polymer materials, and the spacer layer 6 is uniformly arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall of the vacuum shell 334 or between the inner liner inner layer 336 and the inner liner outer layer 337, so that the spacer layer 6 has the effect of reflecting heat, can slow down heat conduction through a heat radiation mode, and achieves a better heat preservation effect.
Example 7:
as shown in fig. 10, the cold start device of the fuel cell without ice melting further comprises an early warning system, the early warning system 7 comprises a deformation sensor 71, a processor 72 and an early warning component 73, the deformation sensor 71 is arranged on the outer surface of the outer layer of the inner container, the output end of the deformation sensor 71 is connected with the input end of the processor 72, and the output end of the processor 72 is connected with the early warning component 73. When the temperature changes, the vacuum degree of the vacuum area 333 of the vacuum water storage inner container 335 changes, the outer layer 337 of the inner container stretches, the vacuum degree of the vacuum area 333 of the vacuum water storage inner container 335 increases in cold environment, the outer layer 337 of the inner container contracts, the contraction degree of the outer layer 337 of the inner container is monitored through the deformation sensor 71, when the water stored in the vacuum water storage inner container 335 is completely frozen, the deformation amount at the moment is recorded as an early warning value, the deformation sensor 71 transmits a deformation amount signal to the processor 72, after the processor 72 receives the deformation amount signal, an alarm signal is transmitted to the early warning component 73, the early warning instrument panel component 73 is arranged at a position which is easy to see by an operator, such as an automobile, a prompt tone and a prompt light can be arranged, the early warning component 73 gives out sound and light to give an alarm, a user can know that the stored water of the fuel cell is frozen in advance, and when the automobile needs to be started, the auxiliary heating equipment is started in advance to melt ice, and the stroke delay is avoided.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, as relevant to see a section of the description of method embodiments.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a cold start device that fuel cell does not remove ice, includes proton exchange membrane pile, condenser, water tank, its characterized in that, the water tank includes: the water tank comprises a water tank body, a water tank working area and a water tank heat preservation part, wherein the water tank working area is arranged between the water tank body and the water tank heat preservation part, and the water tank heat preservation part is provided with a vacuum area.
2. The cold start device for preventing ice melting of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the water tank body is a hollow cube, an overflow port and a water tank water outlet are arranged on the side wall of the water tank body, the overflow port is arranged above the water tank water outlet, and a drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the water tank body; the water tank heat preservation portion upper end is provided with heat preservation portion water inlet, water tank heat preservation portion lower extreme is provided with heat preservation portion delivery port, heat preservation portion water inlet height is less than the overflow port, heat preservation portion delivery port passes water tank body bottom.
3. The cold start device for preventing ice melting of a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the water tank heat preservation part is arranged at the central position inside the water tank body, the outer wall of the water tank heat preservation part is not contacted with the inner wall of the water tank body, and a positioning rib is arranged between the water tank heat preservation part and the water tank body.
4. The cold start device without ice melting for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the water tank heat preservation part is provided with a multi-layer vacuum area comprising a multi-layer vacuum shell and a vacuum water storage liner, and the inner surface of the vacuum shell is not contacted with the outer surface of the vacuum water storage liner.
5. The cold start device for preventing ice melting of a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein said vacuum housing is made of stainless steel, and the pressure in the vacuum region of said vacuum housing is 30kpa + -5 kpa.
6. The cold start device for preventing ice melting of fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein said vacuum water storage liner is made of rubber material, and the pressure in the vacuum area of said vacuum water storage liner is 1kpa + -0.5 kpa.
7. The cold start device without ice melting for a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the vacuum water storage inner container comprises an inner container layer and an outer container layer, the inner container layer and the outer container layer are both 20mm thick, and the distance between the inner container layer and the outer container layer is 40mm.
8. The cold start device without ice melting for fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the inner layer of the inner container and the outer layer of the inner container is 5mm, the distance between the inner layer of the inner container and the outer layer of the inner container is 40mm, and supporting ribs are arranged between the inner layer of the inner container and the outer layer of the inner container.
9. A fuel cell de-icing cold start-up device according to claim 4 wherein a spacer layer is provided in the vacuum zone.
10. The cold start device without ice melting for a fuel cell according to claim 7, further comprising an early warning system, wherein the early warning system comprises a deformation sensor, a processor and an early warning component, the deformation sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the outer layer of the inner container, the output end of the deformation sensor is connected with the input end of the processor, and the output end of the processor is connected with the early warning component.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002246052A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-08-30 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Fuel cell device and starting method therefor |
| KR20110004969A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-17 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell stack having enclosure |
| CN211704280U (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-10-20 | 江苏建筑职业技术学院 | Water dispenser capable of storing hot water |
| CN112186224A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2021-01-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fuel cell control system and control method for safe shutdown and rapid low-temperature start |
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2023
- 2023-07-26 CN CN202310919667.0A patent/CN116666694B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002246052A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-08-30 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Fuel cell device and starting method therefor |
| KR20110004969A (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2011-01-17 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell stack having enclosure |
| CN211704280U (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-10-20 | 江苏建筑职业技术学院 | Water dispenser capable of storing hot water |
| CN112186224A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2021-01-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Fuel cell control system and control method for safe shutdown and rapid low-temperature start |
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