CN116662756A - Actual evapotranspiration estimation method for desert photovoltaic power station area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for estimating actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area, which comprises the following steps: 1) Collecting related data; 2) Calculating a daily scale reference evapotranspiration; 3) Calculating a month scale reference evapotranspiration ET o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 4) Calculating the change delta S of the water storage capacity of the soil with a month scale; 5) Calculating the precipitation amount P of the month scale; 6) Calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the month scale; 7) Calculating crop coefficient K c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 8) And calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the daily scale. The method of the invention only needs the meteorological observation equipment and the soil observation equipment to collect basic data, and can accurately acquire the dynamic characteristic of the actual daily evapotranspiration on a long-time sequenceSign of the disease; the method can also synchronously monitor meteorological and soil element data, is convenient for overall moisture balance analysis, so as to clearly understand the water circulation process of the northwest arid region under the climate warming background, and provides powerful support for further exploration of the water circulation research of the arid region.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of desert evapotranspiration measurement, and relates to an actual evapotranspiration estimation method for a desert photovoltaic power station area.
Background
The evapotranspiration is an important component of a core process of a climate system, is an important tie for connecting vegetation, soil and climate, has a close relation with agriculture, hydrology, weather and ecological environment, is a common scientific problem of geophysical, biological and even environmental process research, is taken as an interfacial phase transition phenomenon, is an upper boundary condition of the evapotranspiration process in the vertical direction, and is characterized in that soil or vegetation and the like form a lower boundary condition, and relates to a plurality of processes such as an atmospheric boundary layer, an earth surface coverage condition, moisture state change and the like. In recent years, the growing environmental friendliness of low-carbon energy demands promotes the development of solar photovoltaic energy, and most photovoltaic parks are built in semiarid and arid areas because the construction of the photovoltaic parks requires a large amount of available land and a strong total amount of solar radiation, so that the evapotranspiration characteristics of photovoltaic power station areas are still very little known.
In the prior art, monitoring methods such as a wave specific energy balance method, a soil moisture balance method, an aerodynamic method, a whirlpool correlation method and the like are adopted to analyze the evapotranspiration of farmland, grasslands and forest ecosystems, and the method mainly focuses on the exploration of the dynamic change of the evapotranspiration and the directions of influencing factors and the like, and also has research on comparing evapotranspiration calculation and measurement methods in different areas.
However, the above-described methods of evapotranspiration observation have limitations to different degrees. For example, the accuracy of the wave specific energy balance method depends on the accuracy of temperature difference and humidity difference observation, and the temperature and humidity gradient distribution is required to be obvious, and the underlying surface is required to be uniform and free from the influence of advection; the water balance method is relatively simple in calculation, and is relatively accurate in estimation in areas with drought and uncomplicated terrains, but the uncertainty of estimation on a short time scale is large; the aerodynamic method has experience parameters due to the flux-profile relationship, so that deviation of a measuring and calculating result is easy to occur; the vortex related method has better data persistence and stability, but the instrument cost is higher, and the problem of energy unclosed is generally existed. In addition, in different ecological systems, the variation of the evapotranspiration is often influenced by the interaction of a plurality of complex factors, and most researches only pay attention to the fact that a single influencing factor is far insufficient, and all-weather real-time monitoring of a plurality of ecological elements is one of the key problems to be solved in further intensive research on the evapotranspiration dynamics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an actual evapotranspiration estimation method for a desert photovoltaic power station region, which solves the problems of insufficient reliability and accuracy of detection and calculation results caused by incomplete selection of the method and discontinuous observation time due to incomplete evapotranspiration observation data of a drought region in the existing evapotranspiration observation method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the actual evapotranspiration estimation method of the desert photovoltaic power station area is implemented according to the following steps based on a hardware setting and calculating model:
step 1, the related data are collected,
step 2, calculating the daily scale reference evapotranspiration ET o ，
Step 3, calculating month scale reference evapotranspiration ET o ，
Reference the daily scale of each month to the evapotranspiration ET o Adding to obtain month scale reference evapotranspiration ET o ；
Step 4, calculating the change delta S of the water storage capacity of the soil with a month scale,
step 5, calculating the precipitation amount P of the month scale,
adding the precipitation measured by the rainfall cylinders in one month to obtain month scale precipitation P of the month;
step 6, calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the month scale,
step 7, calculating crop coefficient K c ，
And 8, calculating the actual daily-scale evapotranspiration ET.
Compared with the existing evapotranspiration observation method, the method has the advantages that the dynamic characteristics of the actual daytime evapotranspiration quantity on a long-time sequence can be accurately obtained, and powerful support is provided for further exploration of water circulation research in arid areas; meanwhile, only the meteorological observation equipment and the soil observation equipment are required to collect basic data, and other complicated evapotranspiration equipment is not required to participate in observation; in addition, the method can synchronously monitor meteorological and soil element data while acquiring actual evapotranspiration data, thereby being convenient for overall moisture balance analysis. Therefore, based on the meteorological data and the water balance principle, the method can completely estimate the actual evapotranspiration of the daily scale of the desert photovoltaic power station area, and realize the acquisition of the actual evapotranspiration data on the field long-time sequence with high quality so as to clearly understand the water circulation process of the northwest arid area under the climate warming background.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a daily scale based on multi-ecological parameter observation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a hardware device for the actual evapotranspiration of the day scale adopted by the method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the data processing of the actual daily measure evapotranspiration in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of actual evapotranspiration on a daily scale in a desert region of 5 months 2022 calculated by an estimation method of actual evapotranspiration and a vorticity correlation method, respectively, according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of net solar radiation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in a desert region of 5 months 2022 in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing comparison of actual evapotranspiration on a daily scale in a desert region of 7 months in 2022 calculated by an estimation method of actual evapotranspiration and a vorticity correlation method, respectively, according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of net solar radiation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration, and actual evapotranspiration for a desert region of 7 months 2022 in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of actual amounts of evapotranspiration on a daily scale in a desert region of 9 months in 2022 calculated by an estimation method of the actual amounts of evapotranspiration and a vorticity correlation method, respectively, according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of net solar radiation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration, and actual evapotranspiration for a desert region of 9 months 2022 in accordance with example 3 of the present invention.
In the figure, a soil moisture sensor, a soil heat flux plate, a rain gauge, a wind speed sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a net radiation sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor and a data collector are respectively arranged in the figure, wherein the soil moisture sensor, the soil heat flux plate, the rain gauge, the wind speed sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor, the net radiation sensor, the atmospheric pressure sensor and the data collector are respectively arranged in the figure, the soil moisture sensor, the soil heat flux plate, the rain gauge, the wind speed sensor, the air temperature and humidity sensor, the net radiation sensor, the atmospheric pressure sensor and the data collector.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 2, the hardware part on which the method relies mainly comprises a soil moisture sensor 1, a soil heat flux plate 2, a rain gauge 3, a wind speed sensor 4, an air temperature and humidity sensor 5, a net radiation sensor 6, an atmospheric pressure sensor 7 and a data collector 8, wherein the soil moisture sensor 1, the soil heat flux plate 2, the rain gauge 3, the wind speed sensor 4, the air temperature and humidity sensor 5, the net radiation sensor 6 and the atmospheric pressure sensor 7 respectively acquire related data in real time, and then the data collector 8 is used for collecting, calculating and storing the data;
the soil moisture sensor 1 is arranged in the soil to be measured at regular intervals on the vertical gradient, performs multi-gradient soil moisture monitoring, and acquires dynamic data of soil moisture in real time all the day;
the soil heat flux plate 2 is arranged in the soil of a photovoltaic power station monitoring area, and the value of the soil heat flux of the monitoring area is obtained in real time;
the rainfall cylinders 3 are uniformly distributed on the ground of a monitoring area of the photovoltaic power station, rainfall enters a tipping bucket of the mechanical device through a funnel, and the rainfall is automatically inclined to fall off when the rainfall is full of a calibration line, so that the increment of 0.1mm rainfall can be accurately measured, and the rainfall capacity of the monitoring area is obtained;
the wind speed sensor 4 is arranged at a position 2m above vegetation in a photovoltaic power station monitoring area, and acquires a real-time wind speed 2m above the observed vegetation;
the air temperature and humidity sensor 5 is arranged at a position 2m above vegetation in a monitoring area of the photovoltaic power station, and acquires air temperature data and relative humidity data at a position 2m high of an observed vegetation area;
the net radiation sensor 6 is arranged above vegetation in a monitoring area of the photovoltaic power station, and net radiation data of an observed vegetation area are obtained;
the atmospheric pressure sensor 7 is used for measuring the atmospheric pressure of a photovoltaic power station monitoring area;
all the sensors are respectively connected with the data collector 8 through data lines, and the data collector 8 immediately calculates and stores the evapotranspiration data after collecting the real-time observation data measured by each sensor.
Referring to fig. 3, the calculation model for calculating the evapotranspiration data according to the method of the present invention is:
first, a reference evapotranspiration ETo _da of the daily scale is calculated y The daily scale reference evapotranspiration is calculated according to FAO Penmanmonteith model by adopting meteorological element data, and the expression is as follows:
in formula (1), rn is the net radiation, and the unit is MJ/m 2 /d; g is soil heat flux, and the unit is MJ/m 2 /d; delta is the slope of saturated water vapor pressure versus air temperature in kPa/. Degree.C; gamma is the hygrometer constant in kPa/. Degree.C; u (u) 2 Wind speed at the height of 2m is expressed in m/s; e, e s Saturated water vapor pressure is given in kPa; e, e a Is the actual water vapor pressure, and the unit is kPa; t is the daily average air temperature in degrees Celsius.
Second, calculate monthly soil water storage change Δs:
ΔS＝W t -W 0 (2)
in the formula (2), W 0 The water storage capacity of the soil layer at the beginning of each month is in mm; wt is the water storage capacity of the soil layer at the end of each month, and the unit is mm; the expression for measuring the month soil water storage amount W is as follows:
in the formula (3), W is soil water storage capacity, and the unit is mm; n is the number of soil moisture sensors in the soil moisture gradient; θ i The water content is the volume of the soil of the ith layer; d (D) i Is the thickness of the ith soil layer.
Thirdly, according to the moisture balance, each partial item of the moisture balance of the ecosystem in the monitoring range in a period of time is measured so as to indirectly obtain the evapotranspiration, and the expression of the moisture input and output of the ecosystem is as follows:
P+N＝ΔS+D+ET+R (4)
in the formula (4), the left side is a water input item, P is the precipitation measured by a rainfall cylinder, and the unit is mm; n is the moisture of capillary water rising to the soil layer, and the unit is mm; the right side is a moisture output item, delta S is the difference value of the moisture content of the soil layer at the beginning and the end of the observation period, and the unit is mm; d is the water leaking below the soil layer, and the unit is mm; ET is the actual evapotranspiration in mm; r is the surface runoff, and the unit is mm.
In the arid area of the desert, the underground water is very low in burial depth, so that capillary water and seepage water quantity are negligible; daily precipitation is rare, and ground runoff is negligible, so that water input and water output depend on precipitation and soil vegetation evapotranspiration respectively, and the simplified expression of the formula (4) is as follows:
ET＝P-ΔS (5)
the actual evapotranspiration can be simulated according to the water balance, and the actual evapotranspiration estimated by adopting the water balance method is relatively accurate in a seasonal scale (month scale) or a annual scale, has smaller uncertainty, but has an undefined estimation effect in the daily scale; in order to obtain a more accurate daily actual evapotranspiration, another method can be adopted to calculate the actual evapotranspiration according to a reference evapotranspiration ETo of the daily scale and a crop coefficient Kc of a vegetation in a certain growth stage, wherein the expression is as follows:
ET＝K c ×ET o (6)
in the formula (6), ET represents the actual evapotranspiration in mm; kc represents a crop coefficient of a certain growth period; ETo the reference evapotranspiration in mm;
fourth, the crop coefficient can change along with the change of vegetation growth and development period in one year, the method divides the growth period by taking month as a unit, and because the water balance method estimates the evapotranspiration more accurately on the seasonal scale (or the month scale), the actual evapotranspiration of the month scale calculated by the month scale reference evapotranspiration and the water balance method can estimate the crop coefficient of the current month according to the formula (6), and then the actual evapotranspiration of the day scale is reversely calculated according to the formula (6) by the crop coefficient of the current month and the day scale reference evapotranspiration of the current month.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of the desert photovoltaic power station area according to the present invention is implemented according to the following steps based on the hardware configuration and the calculation model:
step 1, the related data are collected,
installing hardware equipment, namely arranging a soil moisture sensor 1, a soil heat flux plate 2, a rain gauge 3, a wind speed sensor 4, an air temperature and humidity sensor 5, a clean radiation sensor 6 and an atmospheric pressure sensor 7 in a preset area, reliably connecting all the sensors with a data collector 8, and ensuring all-weather operation, as shown in fig. 2;
the method comprises the steps of starting to monitor and acquire soil water content, soil heat flux, precipitation, wind speed, air temperature and humidity, net radiation and atmospheric pressure data in real time; all relevant data output by the sensors are continuously collected by the data collector 8, corresponding moments of the relevant data are recorded, and all relevant data are stored, see fig. 1;
step 2, calculating the daily scale reference evapotranspiration ET o ，
Calculating total daily amount of net radiation, total daily amount of soil heat flux, daily average air temperature, saturated water vapor pressure, actual water vapor pressure, and slope of saturated water vapor pressure to air temperature by using the obtained data of net radiation, soil heat flux, air temperature, air speed and atmospheric pressure, and calculating according to formula (1) to obtain daily scale reference evapotranspiration ET o ；
Step 3, calculating month scale reference evapotranspiration ET o ，
Each will beDaily scale reference evapotranspiration ET for month o Adding to obtain month scale reference evapotranspiration ET o ；
Step 4, calculating the change delta S of the water storage capacity of the soil with a month scale,
according to the volume water content of each soil layer measured by the soil moisture sensor, calculating by using the formula (2) and the formula (3) to obtain the change delta S of the water storage capacity of the soil with a month scale;
step 5, calculating the precipitation amount P of the month scale,
adding the precipitation measured by the rainfall cylinders in one month to obtain month scale precipitation P of the month;
step 6, calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the month scale,
calculating according to formula (5) from the month scale water storage quantity change delta S and month scale precipitation quantity P to obtain month scale actual evapotranspiration quantity ET;
step 7, calculating crop coefficient K c ，
Reference to the evapotranspiration ET by a month scale according to equation (6) o Calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the moon scale to obtain a crop coefficient K c ；
Step 8, calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the daily scale,
according to equation (6), the evapotranspiration ET is referenced by a daily scale o And crop coefficient K c And calculating to obtain the actual daily-scale evapotranspiration ET.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, according to the procedure of the present invention, the actual daily-scale evapotranspiration of the desert area at the early stage of the growing season of month 5 of year 2022 is calculated by the actual evapotranspiration estimation method, compared with the vorticity correlation method. Wherein y=1.1044x+0.1011, r 2 The small squares in fig. 4 represent data points with measured data as X-axis and estimated data as Y-axis, = 0.6935, and the partial correlation data in this example 1 are shown in reference to table 1.
TABLE 1 example 1 solar net radiation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in desert regions
By means of the net daily radiation, the air temperature, the reference evapotranspiration and the actual evapotranspiration in the 2022 month 5 desert area shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that compared with the vorticity correlation method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the obtained result is closer to the actual measurement data, the accuracy is better, and the method is real and reliable.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, according to the procedure of the present invention, the actual daily-scale evapotranspiration of the desert area in the middle of the growing season of 7 months in 2022 is calculated by the actual evapotranspiration estimation method, compared with the vorticity correlation method. Where y=0.87x+0.3519, r2= 0.7172, the small squares in fig. 6 represent data points with measured data as X axis and estimated data as Y axis, and the partial correlation data in this example 2 are shown in reference to table 2.
TABLE 2 example 2 solar net radiation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in desert regions
By means of the net daily radiation, the air temperature, the reference evapotranspiration and the actual evapotranspiration in the desert area of 7 months in 2022 shown in fig. 7, it can be seen that compared with the vorticity correlation method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the obtained result is closer to the actual measurement data, the accuracy is better, and the method is real and reliable.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, according to the procedure of the present invention, the actual daily-scale evapotranspiration of the desert area at the end of the growing season of 9 months 2022 is calculated by the actual evapotranspiration estimation method, compared with the vorticity correlation method. Wherein y=1.0133x+0.1117，R 2 The small squares in fig. 8 represent data points with measured data as X-axis and estimated data as Y-axis, and the partial correlation data in this example 3 are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 example 3 solar net radiation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in desert regions
By means of the net daily radiation, the air temperature, the reference evapotranspiration and the actual evapotranspiration in the 2022 month 9 desert area shown in fig. 9, it can be seen that compared with the vorticity correlation method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the obtained result is closer to the actual measurement data, the accuracy is better, and the method is real and reliable.
In summary, as shown in fig. 4, fig. 6, and fig. 8, the comparison of actual evapotranspiration at the daily scale in the desert regions of 5, 7, and 9 months 2022 calculated by the estimation method and the vorticity correlation method of the actual evapotranspiration in the embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in fig. 5, 7 and 9, the results show that: the actual evapotranspiration calculated by the method has extremely high correlation with the calculation result based on the vorticity correlation method, R 2 Set up as 0.6935, 0.7172 and 0.778, respectively, fully demonstrate that the method of the present invention has very high accuracy and reliability in estimating the actual evapotranspiration of the regional desert day scale.
Claims (9)
1. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of the desert photovoltaic power station area is characterized by being implemented according to the following steps based on a hardware setting and calculating model:
step 1, collecting related data; step 2, calculating the daily scale reference evapotranspiration ET o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step 3, calculating month scale reference evapotranspiration ET o The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step 4, calculating the change delta S of the water storage capacity of the soil with a month scale; step 5, calculating the monthly scale precipitation amount P; step 6, calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the month scale; step 7, calculating crop coefficient K c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And 8, calculating the actual daily-scale evapotranspiration ET.
2. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: the hardware is set up by acquiring related data in real time through a soil moisture sensor, a soil heat flux plate, a rain gauge, a wind speed sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a clean radiation sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor and a data acquisition unit, and acquiring, calculating and storing the data by using the data acquisition unit;
the soil moisture sensor is arranged in the soil to be measured at regular intervals on the vertical gradient, and dynamic data of the soil moisture content are obtained in real time all the weather;
the soil heat flux plate is arranged in the soil of the monitoring area of the photovoltaic power station, and the value of the soil heat flux of the monitoring area is obtained in real time;
the rainfall cylinders are uniformly distributed on the ground of a monitoring area of the photovoltaic power station, rainfall enters a tipping bucket of the mechanical device through a funnel, and the rainfall automatically tilts and falls off when the rainfall is full of the rainfall to a calibration line, so that the rainfall capacity of the monitoring area is obtained;
the wind speed sensor is arranged at a position 2m above vegetation in a photovoltaic power station monitoring area, and acquires a real-time wind speed 2m above the observed vegetation;
the air temperature and humidity sensor is arranged at a position 2m above vegetation in a monitoring area of the photovoltaic power station, and air temperature data and relative humidity data at a position 2m high of an observed vegetation area are obtained;
the net radiation sensor is arranged above vegetation in a monitoring area of the photovoltaic power station, and net radiation data of an observed vegetation area are obtained;
the atmospheric pressure sensor is used for measuring the atmospheric pressure of the photovoltaic power station monitoring area;
all the sensors are respectively connected with a data collector through data lines in a signal way, and the data collector is used for immediately calculating and storing the evapotranspiration data after collecting real-time observation data measured by each sensor.
3. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: the calculation model is as follows:
first, calculate the reference evapotranspiration ET for the day scale o_day The daily scale reference evapotranspiration is calculated according to FAO Penmanmonteith model by adopting meteorological element data, and the expression is as follows:
in formula (1), rn is the net radiation, and the unit is MJ/m 2 /d; g is soil heat flux, and the unit is MJ/m 2 /d; delta is the slope of saturated water vapor pressure versus air temperature in kPa/. Degree.C; gamma is the hygrometer constant in kPa/. Degree.C; u (u) 2 Wind speed at the height of 2m is expressed in m/s; e, e s Saturated water vapor pressure is given in kPa; e, e a Is the actual water vapor pressure, and the unit is kPa; t is the daily average air temperature, and the unit is DEG C;
second, calculate monthly soil water storage change Δs:
ΔS＝W t -W 0 (2)
in the formula (2), W 0 The water storage capacity of the soil layer at the beginning of each month is in mm; wt is the water storage capacity of the soil layer at the end of each month, and the unit is mm; the expression for measuring the month soil water storage amount W is as follows:
in the formula (3), W is soil water storage capacity, and the unit is mm; n is the number of soil moisture sensors in the soil moisture gradient; θ i The water content is the volume of the soil of the ith layer; d (D) i The thickness of the ith layer of soil layer;
thirdly, according to the moisture balance, each partial item of the moisture balance of the ecosystem in the monitoring range in a period of time is measured so as to indirectly obtain the evapotranspiration, and the expression of the moisture input and output of the ecosystem is as follows:
P+N＝ΔS+D+ET+R (4)
in the formula (4), the left side is a water input item, P is the precipitation measured by a rainfall cylinder, and the unit is mm; n is the moisture of capillary water rising to the soil layer, and the unit is mm; the right side is a moisture output item, delta S is the difference value of the moisture content of the soil layer at the beginning and the end of the observation period, and the unit is mm; d is the water leaking below the soil layer, and the unit is mm; ET is the actual evapotranspiration in mm; r is the surface runoff, and the unit is mm;
in arid regions of desert, the water input and output are dependent on precipitation and soil vegetation transpiration, respectively, whereby the reduced expression of formula (4) is:
ET＝P-ΔS (5)
the actual evapotranspiration is calculated according to the reference evapotranspiration ETo of the daily scale and the crop coefficient Kc of a certain growth stage of vegetation, and the expression is as follows:
ET＝K c ×ET o (6)
in the formula (6), ET represents the actual evapotranspiration in mm; kc represents a crop coefficient of a certain growth period; ETo the reference evapotranspiration in mm;
fourth, according to formula (6), the month scale actual evapotranspiration calculated by the month scale reference evapotranspiration and the moisture balance method can estimate the current month crop coefficient, and then the current month crop coefficient and the current month scale reference evapotranspiration reversely calculate the current day scale actual evapotranspiration according to formula (6).
4. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, a hardware device is installed, a soil moisture sensor, a soil heat flux plate, a rain gauge, a wind speed sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a net radiation sensor and an atmospheric pressure sensor are arranged in a preset area, all the sensors are reliably connected with a data acquisition device, and all-weather operation is ensured;
the method comprises the steps of starting to monitor and acquire soil water content, soil heat flux, precipitation, wind speed, air temperature and humidity, net radiation and atmospheric pressure data in real time; all relevant data output by the sensors are continuously collected by the data collector, corresponding moments of the relevant data are recorded, and all relevant data are stored.
5. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the specific process is that the obtained data of net radiation, soil heat flux, air temperature, air speed and atmospheric pressure are utilized to calculate the total daily amount of net radiation, total daily amount of soil heat flux, daily average air temperature, saturated water vapor pressure, actual water vapor pressure and slope of saturated water vapor pressure to air temperature, and then the daily scale reference evapotranspiration ET is calculated according to the formula (1) o 。
6. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the specific process is that the change delta S of the water storage capacity of the soil with the month scale is calculated by using the formula (2) and the formula (3) according to the volume water content of each soil layer measured by the soil moisture sensor.
7. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 6, the specific process is that the actual monthly evapotranspiration ET is obtained by calculating the monthly water storage quantity change delta S and the monthly precipitation quantity P according to the formula (5).
8. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: in step 7, the specific procedure is to refer to the evapotranspiration ET on a monthly scale according to formula (6) o Calculating the actual evapotranspiration ET of the moon scale to obtain a crop coefficient K c 。
9. The method for estimating the actual evapotranspiration of a desert photovoltaic power station area according to claim 1, wherein: in step 8, the specific procedure is to refer to the evapotranspiration ET by a daily scale according to formula (6) o And crop coefficient K c And calculating to obtain the actual daily-scale evapotranspiration ET.
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