CN116661079A - Sensing optical cable - Google Patents
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- CN116661079A CN116661079A CN202310920482.1A CN202310920482A CN116661079A CN 116661079 A CN116661079 A CN 116661079A CN 202310920482 A CN202310920482 A CN 202310920482A CN 116661079 A CN116661079 A CN 116661079A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
- G01D5/3538—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself using a particular type of fiber, e.g. fibre with several cores, PANDA fiber, fiber with an elliptic core or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/443—Protective covering
- G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
- Optical Transform (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a sensing optical cable which comprises a protective layer, at least one sensing unit and at least one supporting piece, wherein the at least one sensing unit and the at least one supporting piece are arranged in the protective layer; the support is arranged between the elastic layer and the protective layer and is configured to support the protective layer so that a gap is formed between the protective layer and the elastic layer; the vibrator mass block is configured to drive the elastic layer to move relative to the protective layer when the vibrator mass block is vibrated. The sensing optical cable provided by the application has higher sensitivity to capturing external signals.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of optical cables, in particular to a sensing optical cable.
Background
At present, the optical fiber sensing technology has the advantages of high reliability, high acquisition density, high spatial resolution, low cost, high temperature and high pressure resistance, natural passivity, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, is widely applied in actual scenes, and provides a new solution for high-performance sensing monitoring in the fields of oil gas, electric power, chemical industry, construction, traffic and the like. The fiber sensor with the ultra-long sensing distance is needed in the fields of perimeter security, pipeline health monitoring, submarine earthquake monitoring and the like, no additional active relay is needed, the cost is low, networking is easy, and the fiber sensor has huge potential value for large-scale application.
In the related art, the sensing optical cable may include an outer sheath and an optical fiber disposed in the outer sheath, the outer sheath has a certain strength, and is used for protecting the optical fiber to prevent the optical fiber from being broken and damaged, the optical fiber may be disposed in the outer sheath in a repeater manner, or the sensing optical cable may further include a central reinforcing member disposed in the outer sheath, the optical fiber may be wound on the central reinforcing member according to a certain pitch, and the optical fiber is used as a sensing element, and may capture changes in external environment of the sensing optical cable, such as temperature, strain, humidity, etc., and changes in optical fiber parameters as the external environment changes, so that the change information of the external environment may be restored by demodulating the detection optical signal.
However, the sensing optical cable in the related art has poor sensitivity to capture an external signal.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the application provides a sensing optical cable to solve the problem of poor capturing sensitivity of the sensing optical cable in the related art.
The application provides a sensing optical cable, which comprises a protective layer, at least one sensing unit and at least one supporting piece, wherein the at least one sensing unit and the at least one supporting piece are arranged in the protective layer, the sensing unit comprises a sensing optical fiber, a central reinforcing rod, an elastic layer and at least two vibrator mass blocks, the elastic layer is arranged outside the central reinforcing rod, the sensing optical fiber is wound on the outer wall of the elastic layer and extends to one axial end of the elastic layer, the vibrator mass blocks are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the central reinforcing rod, and the vibrator mass blocks are embedded in the elastic layer and are integrally connected with the elastic layer;
the support is arranged between the elastic layer and the protective layer and is configured to support the protective layer so that a gap is formed between the protective layer and the elastic layer;
the vibrator mass block is configured to drive the elastic layer to move relative to the protective layer when the vibrator mass block is vibrated.
In one possible implementation, the distance between adjacent vibrator masses of the sensing optical cable provided by the application is greater than or equal to 30 times the outer diameter of the protective layer and less than or equal to 150 times the outer diameter of the protective layer.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application, the vibrator mass block m satisfies the formula:wherein->In order to detect the minimum deformation quantity of the optical sensing cable, v is the initial speed of the optical sensing cable when deformed, < + >>For the energy transfer coefficient, k is the elastic coefficient of the elastic layer, m 0 For adjusting the coefficients.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application has a vibrator mass block in a ring shape.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application has the vibrator mass block which is a nano ceramic component, and the elastic layer which is a thermoplastic polyurethane layer or a foaming rubber layer.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application is characterized in that a smooth coating layer is arranged on the outer wall of the central reinforcing rod, and the vibrator mass block relatively slides between the coating layer and the central reinforcing rod;
and the extension length of the coating layer along the axial direction of the central reinforcing rod is less than or equal to 100mm.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application has two or more supporting pieces, and each supporting piece is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the central reinforcing rod;
the support piece comprises a support layer, an energy absorption layer and a water blocking layer, wherein a notch is formed in the circumferential inner side of the support layer, and the energy absorption layer is embedded in the notch and located between the support layer and the water blocking layer.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application has the advantages that the spiral groove is formed in the outer wall of the elastic layer, and the sensing optical fiber is arranged in the groove and is adhered to the inner wall of the groove.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application is characterized in that a plurality of bonding points are arranged in the groove at intervals along the extending direction of the groove, and the distance between two adjacent bonding points is greater than or equal to 0.1 times of the outer diameter of the elastic layer and less than or equal to 0.5 times of the outer diameter of the elastic layer.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical fiber provided by the application comprises an optical fiber body and an elastic fiber rod, wherein the optical fiber body and the elastic fiber rod are arranged side by side along the same direction and are bonded into a whole, and the elastic fiber rod and/or the optical fiber body are bonded to the groove.
In one possible implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided by the application further comprises two or more identification pieces, wherein the identification pieces are arranged on the outer wall of the protective layer and are in one-to-one correspondence with the sensing units, and the identification pieces are configured to distinguish different sensing units.
The application provides a sensing optical cable which comprises a protective layer, a sensing unit and a supporting piece, wherein the sensing unit comprises a sensing optical fiber, a central reinforcing rod, an elastic layer and a vibrator mass block, the protective layer is arranged for protecting the sensing unit, the central reinforcing rod is arranged for enhancing the axial tensile strength of the sensing unit, the sensing optical fiber is arranged for optical signal transmission and generates deformation when an external signal is received, the vibrator mass block is arranged for capturing the external signal and generating vibration, the elastic layer is arranged for driving the sensing optical fiber to synchronously follow the vibrator mass block to move relative to the protective layer, so that the vibration of the vibrator mass block is converted into deformation of the sensing optical cable along the axial direction of the protective layer and the radial direction of the protective layer, and even if the strength of the protective layer is high, the sensing unit can still sensitively capture the external signal and convert the external signal into the deformation of the sensing optical fiber. Therefore, the sensing optical cable provided by the application has higher capturing sensitivity.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensing optical cable according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sensing optical cable according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing unit in a sensing optical cable according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensing optical fiber and an elastic layer in a sensing optical cable according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a support member in a sensing optical cable according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100-a protective layer;
200-a sensing unit; 210-a sensing fiber; 220-a central reinforcing bar; 230-an elastic layer; 231-grooves; 232-bonding points; 240-vibrator mass block;
300-support; 310-a support layer; 320-an energy absorbing layer; 330-a water blocking layer;
400-identifier.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions in the preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in the preferred embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the application. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present application and should not be construed as limiting the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediary, or may be in communication with each other between two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship of the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented, for example, in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or display that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or display.
In the related art, the sensing optical cable may include an outer sheath and an optical fiber disposed in the outer sheath, the outer sheath has a certain strength, and is used for protecting the optical fiber to prevent the optical fiber from being broken and damaged, the optical fiber may be disposed in the outer sheath in a repeater manner, or the sensing optical cable may further include a central reinforcing member disposed in the outer sheath, the optical fiber may be wound on the central reinforcing member according to a certain pitch, and the optical fiber is used as a sensing element, and may capture changes in external environment of the sensing optical cable, such as temperature, strain, humidity, etc., and changes in optical fiber parameters as the external environment changes, so that the change information of the external environment may be restored by demodulating the detection optical signal.
However, the sensing optical cable in the related art has poor sensitivity to capture an external signal. The optical fiber is deformed to change the parameters of the optical fiber such as refractive index, radius and the like, so that the parameters of the detection light signals such as intensity, phase and wavelength in the optical fiber are correspondingly changed, and the spatial distribution and time variation of one or more physical quantities on the sensing optical fiber link can be continuously captured by demodulating the information such as amplitude, frequency, phase and polarization of scattered light in the optical fiber. The outer protective layer has certain strength, so that the deformation amount of the outer protective layer is extremely limited, the deformation of the inner optical fiber is limited to a great extent, and the capturing sensitivity of the optical fiber to external signals is reduced.
In view of the above problems, the embodiment of the application provides a sensing optical cable, which is provided with an elastic layer and a vibrator mass block, so that when the vibrator mass block is vibrated, the sensing optical fiber positioned on the elastic layer is driven to move together, and the capturing sensitivity of the sensing optical fiber to external signals is increased.
The following describes in detail a specific implementation of a sensing optical cable provided by an embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the sensing optical cable provided by the embodiment of the application includes a protection layer 100, at least one sensing unit 200 and at least one supporting member 300 disposed in the protection layer 100, wherein the sensing unit 200 includes a sensing optical fiber 210, a central reinforcing rod 220, an elastic layer 230 and at least two vibrator masses 240, the elastic layer 230 is located outside the central reinforcing rod 220, the sensing optical fiber 210 is wound on an outer wall of the elastic layer 230 and extends to one axial end of the elastic layer 230, each vibrator mass 240 is disposed at intervals along an axial direction of the central reinforcing rod 220, and the vibrator masses 240 are embedded in the elastic layer 230 and integrally connected with the elastic layer 230. The support 300 is disposed between the elastic layer 230 and the protective layer 100, and the support 300 is configured to support the protective layer 100 such that a gap is provided between the protective layer 100 and the elastic layer 230. The vibrator mass 240 is configured to drive the elastic layer 230 to move relative to the protective layer 100 when the vibrator mass 240 is vibrated.
In the present application, the protection layer 100 is used for protecting the internal sensing unit 200 and transmitting an external signal to the sensing unit 200, and the sensing unit 200 is used for generating deformation under the action of the external signal, so that various parameters of the optical signal are changed, and the external signal is restored by modulation.
Specifically, the sensing unit 200 may include a sensing optical fiber 210, a central reinforcing rod 220, an elastic layer 230, and a vibrator mass 240, where the central reinforcing rod 220 is used to enhance the strength of the sensing unit 200, thereby protecting the sensing optical fiber 210. The sensing optical fiber 210 is used for transmitting an optical signal, and when receiving an external signal, the sensing optical fiber is deformed, so that the intensity, the phase, the wavelength and the like of the optical signal transmitted in the sensing optical fiber 210 are changed, and the external signal is restored by modulation. The vibrator mass block 240 is used for capturing an external signal and converting the external signal into self vibration, the elastic layer 230 is used for moving along with the vibrator mass block 240 so as to drive the sensing optical fiber 210 arranged on the elastic layer 230 to synchronously move, so that after the sensing optical cable receives the external signal, the external signal can be firstly converted into the vibration of the vibrator mass block 240, then converted into the deformation of the elastic layer 230 and finally converted into the deformation of the sensing optical fiber 210, and even if the strength of the protective layer 100 is large, the deformation is not easy to generate, the vibrator mass block 240 can sensitively capture the external signal and generate the vibration so as to convert the external signal into the deformation of the sensing optical fiber 210 through the vibrator mass block 240 and the elastic layer 230. By the arrangement, the capturing capacity and the conversion capacity of the sensing optical cable to external signals can be improved.
The vibrator mass 240 may move along the axial direction of the center reinforcing rod 220 or may move along the radial direction of the center reinforcing rod 220. That is, when the external signal received by the sensing optical cable is from the axial direction thereof, the vibrator mass block 240 can drive the elastic layer 230 to move axially relative to the protective layer 100, so as to compress or stretch the sensing optical fiber 210, thereby determining that the direction of the external signal is along the axial direction of the sensing optical cable.
Or, when the external signal received by the sensing optical cable comes from the radial direction thereof, the vibrator mass block 240 can drive the elastic layer 230 to move radially relative to the protective layer 100, so that the sensing optical fiber 210 shakes along the radial direction relative to the protective layer 100, and the direction of the external signal can be determined along the radial direction of the sensing optical cable. By the arrangement, the direction distinguishing performance of the sensing optical cable can be improved, so that the application scene of the sensing optical cable is expanded.
It should be noted that, the vibrator mass 240 may be embedded inside the elastic layer 230, or may be embedded outside the sensing unit 200, that is, the vibrator mass 240 and the supporting member 300 are arranged in parallel, or the inner layer and the outer layer of the elastic layer 230 are simultaneously arranged. When the vibrator mass 240 is embedded outside the elastic layer 230, the vibrator mass 240 may be connected to the elastic layer 230 using resin curing or an adhesive.
It should be appreciated that, in order to form a gap between the protective layer 100 and the elastic layer 230, so that the elastic layer 230 and the sensing optical fiber 210 can move along the radial direction of the protective layer 100 when the sensing optical cable receives an external signal in the radial direction, the protective layer 100 and the elastic layer 230 are further provided with the supporting member 300, and the supporting member 300 can prevent the protective layer 100 from being coated on the outer side of the elastic layer 230 and being too tightly coated to cause the elastic layer 230 to move radially.
The sensing optical cable provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a protection layer 100, a sensing unit 200 and a supporting piece 300, wherein the sensing unit 200 comprises a sensing optical fiber 210, a central reinforcing rod 220, an elastic layer 230 and a vibrator mass block 240, the sensing unit 200 is protected by the protection layer 100, the axial tensile strength of the sensing unit 200 is enhanced by the arrangement of the central reinforcing rod 220, the optical fiber 210 is used for optical signal transmission and generates deformation when an external signal is received, the vibrator mass block 240 is used for capturing the external signal and generating vibration, the elastic layer 230 is used for driving the sensing optical fiber 210 to synchronously follow the vibrator mass block 240 to move relative to the protection layer 100, and the vibration of the vibrator mass block 240 is converted into deformation of the sensing optical cable along the axial direction of the protection layer 100 and along the radial direction of the protection layer 100, and even when the strength of the protection layer 100 is high, the sensing unit 200 still can sensitively capture the external signal and convert the external signal into the deformation of the sensing optical fiber 210. Therefore, the capturing sensitivity of the sensing optical cable provided by the embodiment of the application is higher.
In one possible implementation, the distance between adjacent vibrator masses 240 is greater than or equal to 30 times the outer diameter of the protective layer 100 and less than or equal to 150 times the outer diameter of the protective layer.
The spacing distance between adjacent vibrator masses 240 is related to the elastic modulus of the elastic layer 230, that is, the greater the elastic modulus of the elastic layer 230, the less likely the elastic layer 230 is deformed, the smaller the spacing distance between adjacent vibrator masses 240 should be, the less likely the elastic layer 230 is deformed, and the greater the spacing distance between adjacent vibrator masses 240 should be.
It should be noted that, the spacing distance between the two vibrator masses 240 also needs to be satisfied, in the static state, the elastic layer 230 is not significantly bent due to the gravity of the vibrator masses 240, and the vibrator masses 240 can pull the elastic layer 230 to reciprocate under the condition of an external signal, so as to achieve the effect of converting the external signal into the deformation of the sensing optical fiber 210, so that the distance between two adjacent vibrator masses 240 is set between 30 times and 150 times of the outer diameter of the protective layer 100, and the above requirement can be satisfied.
When the sensor is specifically arranged, the distance between the vibrator mass blocks 240 and the number of the vibrator mass blocks 240 can be adjusted according to the use environment or requirements of the sensing optical cable, the density of the vibrator mass blocks 240 can be increased in the area needing to be monitored in a key manner, and the vibrator mass blocks 240 can be removed in the area needing to be monitored.
It should be appreciated that the mass of the vibrator mass 240 should be determined according to the use environment of the sensing optical cable, and in some embodiments, the mass m of the vibrator mass 240 satisfies the formula:wherein->In order to sense the minimum deformation quantity detectable by the optical cable, v is the initial speed when sensing the optical deformation, < + >>For the energy transfer coefficient, k is the elastic coefficient of the elastic layer, m 0 For adjusting the coefficients.
For example, the number of the cells to be processed,1 mm, v 1 m/s, & lt/s>0.9, k of 10N per square millimeter, m 0 5g according toThe above formula can calculate that the mass m of the vibrator mass 240 should be greater than or equal to 16.1 g.
By this arrangement, the vibrator mass 240 has enough kinetic energy and converts into elastic potential energy of the elastic layer 230, so that the vibrator mass 240 can pull the elastic layer 230 to reciprocate, and further convert the external signal into deformation of the sensing optical fiber 210.
As an alternative embodiment, the vibrator mass 240 has a ring shape. The vibrator mass block 240 is in a circular shape, so that the mass of the vibrator mass block 240 can be well controlled, and the vibrator mass can conveniently slide relative to the central reinforcing rod 220. The vibrator mass 240 is provided in a solid or hollow structure, or in a structure that is solid in a specific direction and hollow in other directions.
In one possible implementation, the vibrator mass 240 is a nano ceramic member and the elastic layer 230 is a thermoplastic polyurethane layer or a foam rubber layer.
The grains, grain boundaries and the joints between the grains and the grain boundaries in the microstructure of the nano ceramic material are at nano level, so that the strength and toughness of the nano ceramic material are higher, and the vibrator mass block 240 made of the nano ceramic material has the advantages of corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, high hardness, moderate density, high strength, long service life, mature processing technology and the like.
The thermoplastic polyurethane material has excellent properties of high modulus, high strength, wear resistance, hydrolysis resistance, high and low temperature resistance and the like. The elastic layer 230 made of thermoplastic polyurethane material has excellent wear resistance, good ozone resistance, high hardness, high strength and good elasticity, and has good oil resistance, chemical resistance and environmental resistance.
Or, the elastic layer 230 can be made of foam rubber material, and has high rebound rate after compression, is not easy to generate plastic deformation after long-term repeated use, has moderate elasticity, and can effectively transmit deformation signals by matching with the vibrator mass block 240. Besides, the foaming rubber material has the advantages of low density, cold insulation, heat insulation, low heat conduction coefficient, stability and the like.
In order to reduce the friction between the center reinforcing rod 220 and the vibrator mass block 240, in some embodiments, a smooth coating layer is provided on the outer wall of the center reinforcing rod 220, and the vibrator mass block 240 slides relatively between the coating layer and the center reinforcing rod 220, for example, the coating layer may be a polytetrafluoroethylene coating layer, and the polytetrafluoroethylene coating layer has a low friction coefficient, so that the friction between the vibrator mass block 240 and the center reinforcing rod 220 can be effectively reduced, so that an external signal can be sufficiently transmitted to the sensing optical fiber 210 through the vibrator mass block 240.
In addition, since the sliding distance of the vibrator mass 240 with respect to the center reinforcing rod 220 by the external signal is less than 100mm, the extension length of the coating layer along the axial direction of the center reinforcing rod 220 may be set within 100mm.
Referring to fig. 5, in one possible implementation, the number of the supporting members 300 is two or more, each supporting member 300 is disposed along the axial direction of the central reinforcing rod 220 at intervals, the supporting member 300 may include a supporting layer 310, an energy absorbing layer 320 and a water blocking layer 330, the supporting layer 310 has a notch on the circumferential inner side, and the energy absorbing layer 320 is embedded in the notch and located between the supporting layer 310 and the water blocking layer 330.
The outer wall of the supporting layer 310 is used to abut against the inner wall of the protective layer 100 to form a radial movement space between the protective layer 100 and the elastic layer 230, and the supporting layer 310 may be made of the same material as the protective layer 100, such as polyethylene. The energy-absorbing layer 320 may be made of EVA, rubber, latex, sponge, etc., and is mainly used for directionally filtering a part of signals in a specific direction according to needs, for example, referring to fig. 5, when the sensing optical cable needs to detect signal input in the Y direction, the energy-absorbing layer 320 may be disposed in the supporting layer 310, and the energy-absorbing layer 320 is used for absorbing and filtering external signals in the X direction. The water-blocking layer 330 may be made of water-blocking tape, water-blocking yarn or water-blocking powder coated on its inner surface to isolate water.
When there are a plurality of the supporting members 300, the interval between adjacent two of the supporting members 300 should be not less than 1 m, and the gap between the protective layer 100 and the elastic layer 230 should be not less than 0.2mm, so that the elastic layer 230 and the sensing optical fiber 210 have enough space to generate radial deformation.
It should be appreciated that the arrangement density of the support members 300 may be adjusted according to the environment or requirements of the sensor cable, the density may be increased, or the support members 300 may be removed at some locations.
Referring to fig. 4, in a specific implementation, the outer wall of the elastic layer 230 is provided with a spiral groove 231, and the sensing fiber 210 is disposed in the groove 231 and is adhered to the inner wall of the groove 231.
In this way, by bonding the sensing optical fiber 210 in the groove 231, the coupling degree between the sensing optical fiber 210 and the elastic layer 230 can be increased, so that the sensing optical fiber 210 can be deformed synchronously with the elastic layer 230, thereby completing the transformation from the external signal to the deformation of the sensing optical fiber 210. The pitch of the grooves 231 may be fixed or variable, and the sensing optical cable may be bonded to the grooves 231 by curing a flexible resin or an adhesive.
With continued reference to fig. 4, in one possible implementation, a plurality of bonding points 232 are disposed in the groove 231 at intervals along the extending direction of the groove 231, and a distance between two adjacent bonding points 232 is greater than or equal to 0.1 times the outer diameter of the elastic layer 230 and less than or equal to 0.5 times the outer diameter of the elastic layer 230.
It will be appreciated that under the action of the axially external signal, the sensing fiber 210 needs to deform synchronously with the elastic layer 230, when the elastic layer 230 is in a compressed state, the volume of the sensing fiber 210 should be effectively attached to the groove 231 on the surface of the elastic body, and when the elastic layer 230 is in a stretched state, the volume of the sensing fiber 210 is in a reduced state, so as to ensure that the sensing fiber 210 can still be effectively attached to the groove 231 of the elastic layer 230, and the distance between two adjacent bonding points 232 needs to be determined according to the outer diameter of the elastic layer 230. Therefore, the distance between two adjacent bonding points 232 is set between 0.1 times the outer diameter of the elastic layer 230 and 0.5 times the outer diameter of the elastic layer 230, so that the sensing optical fiber 210 can still be effectively attached in the groove 231 to deform synchronously with the elastic layer 230.
In one possible implementation, the sensing fiber 210 may include a fiber body and a fiber elastic rod, where the fiber body and the fiber elastic rod are disposed side by side along the same direction and bonded together, and the fiber elastic rod and/or the fiber body are bonded to the groove 231.
The optical fiber body and the elastic fiber rod are bonded through a resin material to form the sensing optical fiber 210, the viscosity of the resin material is 3500 MPa.S-5000 MPa.S at 25 ℃ before curing, the elastic modulus after curing is 200MPa-500MPa, the elongation at break is not less than 45%, and the breaking strength is not more than 20MPa. The resin material has the characteristics of low modulus, low tensile strength and high elongation at break. The cured sensing optical fiber 210 has better flexibility, excellent torsion resistance, better separability and peelability, and is beneficial to controlling the attenuation stability of the sensing optical fiber 210 in the subsequent use process.
When the optical fiber body deforms, the elastic fiber rod can provide buffering to avoid breakage when the optical fiber body and the elastic layer 230 are synchronously pulled, the elastic fiber rod can also help the optical fiber body to recover faster after deformation, and the recovered position is not deviated relative to the original position.
It should be noted that, the elastic fiber rod and the fiber body may be bonded to the groove 231 at the same time, so as to increase the coupling area between the sensing fiber 210 and the groove 231, or the elastic fiber rod may be separately connected to the groove 231, so that the elastic fiber rod may provide buffering for the fiber body, and may protect the fiber body during the synchronous pulling process of the fiber body and the elastic layer 230. The elastic fiber rod is made of butyl rubber, the outer diameter of the elastic fiber rod can be consistent with the outer diameter of the optical fiber body, the number of the elastic fiber rods can be set according to specific requirements, and the embodiment is not limited to the above.
Referring to fig. 2, as an alternative implementation manner, the sensing optical cable provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes two or more identification pieces 400, the number of the sensing units 200 is two or more, the identification pieces 400 are disposed on the outer wall of the protection layer 100, the identification pieces 400 are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with the sensing units 200, and the identification pieces 400 are configured to distinguish between different sensing units 200. In this manner, the use of different colored identifiers 400 may mark the location of different sensing units 200 to facilitate locating and subsequent distinguishing of the source of the external signal during the installation of the sensing cable. Wherein the tag 400 may be extrusion molded with the protective layer 100.
It should be noted that, when the sensing optical cable includes only one sensing unit 200, the inner diameter D of the water blocking layer 330 1 And outer diameter D of elastic layer 230 2 Should be equal. When the sensing fiber optic cable includes two sensing units 200, each sensing unit 200 monitors a 180 angular range, the inner diameter D of the water resistant layer 330 1 And outer diameter D of elastic layer 230 2 The following should be satisfied:. When the sensing fiber optic cable includes three sensing units 200, each sensing unit 200 monitors the 120 angular range, the inner diameter D of the water barrier 330 1 And outer diameter D of elastic layer 230 2 The following should be satisfied: />。
The central reinforcing rod 220 can be a nonmetal fiber reinforced plastic round rod, the tensile strength is not less than 1450MPa, the elastic modulus is not less than 55GPa, the bending strength is not less than 1100MPa, the diameter deviation is +/-0.02 mm, the density is in the range of 2.05-2.15 g per cubic centimeter, the color is uniform and consistent, and the surface is free from cracks and burrs and has smooth handfeel.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the application.
Claims (11)
1. The sensing optical cable is characterized by comprising a protective layer, at least one sensing unit and at least one supporting piece, wherein the at least one sensing unit and the at least one supporting piece are arranged in the protective layer, the sensing unit comprises a sensing optical fiber, a central reinforcing rod, an elastic layer and at least two vibrator mass blocks, the elastic layer is positioned outside the central reinforcing rod, the sensing optical fiber is wound on the outer wall of the elastic layer and extends towards one axial end of the elastic layer, the vibrator mass blocks are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the central reinforcing rod, and the vibrator mass blocks are embedded in the elastic layer and are integrally connected with the elastic layer;
the support is disposed between the elastic layer and the protective layer, and is configured to support the protective layer so that a gap is provided between the protective layer and the elastic layer;
the vibrator mass block is configured to drive the elastic layer to move relative to the protective layer when the vibrator mass block is vibrated.
2. The sensor cable of claim 1 wherein the distance between adjacent vibrator masses is greater than or equal to 30 times the outer diameter of the protective layer and less than or equal to 150 times the outer diameter of the protective layer.
3. The sensing optical cable of claim 2, wherein the mass m of the vibrator mass satisfies the formula:wherein->V is the initial speed of the sensing optical cable when being deformed, which is the minimum deformation quantity detectable by the sensing optical cable>K is the elastic coefficient of the elastic layer, m is the energy transfer coefficient 0 For adjusting the coefficients.
4. A sensor cable according to claim 3, wherein the vibrator mass is annular.
5. A sensor cable according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the vibrator mass is a nano ceramic member and the elastic layer is a thermoplastic polyurethane layer or a foamed rubber layer.
6. The sensing optical cable according to claim 5, wherein a smooth coating layer is provided on an outer wall of the central reinforcing rod, and the vibrator mass block relatively slides between the coating layer and the central reinforcing rod;
and the extension length of the coating layer along the axial direction of the central reinforcing rod is less than or equal to 100mm.
7. The fiber optic sensing cable of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the number of support members is two or more, each of the support members being disposed at an axial spacing along the central spar;
the support piece comprises a support layer, an energy absorption layer and a water blocking layer, wherein a notch is formed in the circumferential inner side of the support layer, and the energy absorption layer is embedded in the notch and located between the support layer and the water blocking layer.
8. The optical sensing cable according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the outer wall of the elastic layer is provided with a spiral groove, and the sensing optical fiber is disposed in the groove and bonded to the inner wall of the groove.
9. The optical sensing cable according to claim 8, wherein a plurality of bonding points are provided in the groove at intervals along the extending direction of the groove, and a distance between two adjacent bonding points is greater than or equal to 0.1 times and less than or equal to 0.5 times the outer diameter of the elastic layer.
10. The sensing optical cable of claim 8, wherein the sensing optical fiber comprises an optical fiber body and an elastic fiber rod, the optical fiber body and the elastic fiber rod are arranged side by side along the same direction and are bonded into a whole, and the elastic fiber rod and/or the optical fiber body are bonded to the groove.
11. The sensing optical cable according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a marking member, the number of the sensing units being two or more, the marking member being provided on an outer wall of the protective layer, and the marking member being provided in one-to-one correspondence with the sensing units, the marking member being configured to distinguish between the different sensing units.
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