CN116657055A - High-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011825 aerospace material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to high-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mass percentage of a component system of the material is C1.4-1.6 wt%, mn:30.0 to 32.0wt.%, al:9.0 to 10.5wt.%, cr:1.00 to 5.25wt.%, ni:1.00 to 3.26wt.%, ti:0.40 to 0.60wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe. The preparation and processing technology of the invention is simple, and the cast material has the strength of 930MPa at maximum after being subjected to homogenization treatmentThe strength and elongation of the product can reach more than 60GPa percent. Density of 6.5g/cm 3 ～6.7g/cm 3 Compared with common cast steel, the weight reducing effect reaches 15-17%. The cast steel is single austenitic steel, the main precipitation strengthening phase is TiC phase and nano kappa carbide [ (Fe, mn) 3 AlC x ]. The treatment process is simple, and the steel is tapped from the vacuum induction melting furnace and then subjected to one-step homogenization treatment, so that the steel has good performance, and the processing cost is greatly reduced. The novel alloy material can be used for manufacturing parts with complex structures, and has good application prospects in the fields of automobiles, buildings, mechanical industries and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to high-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of metal materials and metallurgy.
Background
With the rapid development of the automobile industry in China, the automobile yield and the conservation amount in China are rapidly increased, and the popularization of automobiles is convenient for our lives, so that the problems of energy consumption, environmental pollution and the like are gradually highlighted. In order to ensure the benign development of the automobile industry in China, the automobile industry actively seeks a new development direction and an efficient development mode, so that the high-strength low-density material gradually enters the field of view of researchers. The automobile body manufactured by adopting the material with lower density can effectively lighten the weight of the automobile, and reduce the energy consumption and the carbon emission while ensuring the driving safety. According to statistics, the self weight of the automobile is reduced by 10%, the oil consumption per hundred kilometers is reduced by 6-8%, the carbon emission is reduced by 10%, and meanwhile, the lighter automobile body can also improve the specific power of the automobile, so that the dynamic property and the bearing capacity of the automobile are further improved.
The Fe-Mn-Al-C low density steel is obtained by adding a light-weight element such as C, al, mn, si to the steel to reduce the density of the steel. Studies have shown that the density of the steel decreases by 0.101g/cm for every 1wt.% Al added 3 The weight can be reduced by about 1.3 percent; the density of the steel was reduced by 0.41g/cm per 1wt.% of C added 3 The weight can be reduced by about 5.2 percent; at the same time, the density of the steel can be reduced by 0.0085g/cm when Mn content is added in each 1 wt% 3 A weight reduction effect of 0.1% was obtained. The invention rationalizes the main lightweight element of C, al, mn, si, and can ensure the low density of steel and keep the high strength of the steel.
The automobile weight reduction is usually carried out from automobile body materials, and because the weight of the automobile body is usually 1/3-1/2 of the total weight, the automobile weight reduction has larger optimization space in the light-weight field, and meanwhile, the automobile weight reduction is carried out on the premise of ensuring the stability, the comfort and the safety of the automobile, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the automobile body manufacturing materials is also higher. Current research in the field of body weight reduction has covered high strength steels, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and carbon fiber composites. The aluminum-magnesium alloy and the light carbon fiber composite material have the defects of high cost, complex forming process, poor welding performance and low impact energy, and are not matched with the actual production and marketization of automobiles, although the aluminum-magnesium alloy and the light carbon fiber composite material can provide obvious weight reduction effect. Therefore, steel is still the dominant material used in the automotive production process. At present, high-strength steel is mainly used for reinforcing parts of automobile bodies and safety parts and structural parts with complex shapes, such as automobile AB pillars, reinforcing plates, automobile door anti-collision beams, seat sliding rails, bumpers and the like.
The Fe-Mn-Al-C austenitic low-density high-strength steel can reduce the use amount of structural steel by utilizing the excellent strength and plasticity, and can achieve the effect of light weight of structural parts by virtue of the lower density of certain parts with high requirements on the rigidity of materials. There is also a dependency on high specific strength materials in the aerospace field, due to the needs of commercial shipping and defense technology. Therefore, fe-Mn-Al-C austenitic high-strength low-density steel with high strength and good plasticity has great application prospect in the fields of automobile industry and aerospace materials.
In the existing research results, most of low-density steels have good comprehensive mechanical properties only after being subjected to complicated heat treatment processes such as solid solution and aging after being subjected to homogenization treatment. CN106521318A discloses an austenitic-ferritic duplex Fe-Mn-Al-C low density steel up to 930MPa grade and a method for preparing the same, but since more Si is added therein, the yield point and tensile strength of the material can be effectively improved, but the elongation of the material can be significantly reduced, and the statistics of the elongation of the material is not performed in the patent. CN110592487B discloses 700 MPa-level austenite-ferrite dual-phase low density cast steel and a preparation method thereof. Its density is 6.40g/cm 3 About, but its tensile strength is only730MPa, the elongation is only 32.5%, and the comprehensive mechanical properties are poor. CN108642403a discloses a 780 MPa-level low-density cast steel, which has less weight-reducing effect and elongation of not more than 30% due to less Mn and Al contents. In addition, the austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C low density steels disclosed in CN109628850A, CN109628850B and CN109628850A and the preparation method thereof have superior combination of comprehensive mechanical properties, but the cast material needs complicated forging and rolling processes besides homogenization, solid solution, aging and other heat treatment processes, and the processing cost is high.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to provide high-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel and a preparation method thereof.
The invention relates to high-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30.0 to 32.0wt.%, al:9.0 to 10.5wt.%, cr:1.00 to 5.25wt.%, ni:1.00 to 3.26wt.%, ti:0.4 to 0.6wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
The austenitic low-density high-strength steel has the following effects in experimental steel:
s: the hot shortness of the steel is generated, the ductility and toughness of the steel are reduced, and cracks are caused during forging and rolling. The corrosion resistance is reduced. So sulfur content of not more than 0.01wt.% is required.
P: the cold brittleness of the steel is increased, the welding performance is deteriorated, and the plasticity of the material is reduced. The phosphorus content in the steel is required to be not more than 0.03wt.%.
C: has the effect of preventing the austenite structure from generating martensite phase transformation during deformation, and can stabilize the austenite phase. C can be dissolved in the matrix of the steel to play a solid solution strengthening role, so that the strength of the steel is improved. In the invention, kappa carbide and TiC phase are main strengthening phases, and play a role in precipitation strengthening. Therefore, the content of C element in the steel is required to be 1.4 to 1.6wt.%.
Al: al atoms cause the lattice to expand, and the addition of Al to the steel reduces the average relative atomic mass and increases the volume of the steel, therebyWhile decreasing the density of the steel, the density can be decreased by 1.3% per 1% of al added. In the metallurgical industry, al is easy to form a compact oxide layer, so that the oxidation resistance of the material is improved. To ensure the light weight effect of the steel, the Al content is controlled to be 9.0 to 10.5wt percent, so that the density is controlled to be 6.5 to 6.7g/cm 3 。
Mn: mn can enlarge an austenite phase region, improve the stability of austenite, improve the hardenability of steel, and can be dissolved in a matrix to generate solid solution strengthening, so that kappa-carbide or cementite is formed to be used as a second relative material to have an influence on mechanical properties. The higher content of manganese element is beneficial to generating deformation twin crystals in the deformation process and greatly improving the plasticity of the steel. The Mn content in the steel of the present invention is controlled to be 30.0 to 32.0wt.%.
Ni: ni is an austenite forming element for enlarging an austenite region to obtain an austenite structure at room temperature. Ni can form infinite mutual solubility with gamma-Fe, and plays a role in substitution, solid solution and reinforcement. Because of the high price of Ni, the content is controlled to be 1.00-3.26 wt.% for controlling the cost.
Cr: cr can significantly improve strength, hardness and wear resistance, but at the same time reduce plasticity and toughness. Cr can also improve the oxidation resistance, hardenability and corrosion resistance of the steel. In the invention, cr can improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the material by means of solid solution strengthening. Since excessive Cr promotes the occurrence of delta-Fe in the structure, the plasticity of the steel is deteriorated and the content thereof is controlled to be 1.00-5.25 wt.%.
Ti: ti and C or N elements are combined to form Ti (C, N), tiN and TiC, the Ti elements can refine grains, coarsening of the grains is prevented in the steel processing process, and meanwhile TiC and TiN can serve as precipitation phases to strengthen a matrix structure. The addition of excessive Ti increases the cost of the steel, coarsens the above precipitated phase, and reduces the ductility of the steel. Thus defining a Ti content of 0.4 to 0.6wt.%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the austenitic low-density high-strength cast steel, which comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) batching: pure iron, electrolytic manganese sheets, pure chromium blocks, high-purity nickel plates, pure aluminum blocks, carburant and titanium sponge are used as raw materials, and the materials are proportioned according to the requirement of Fe-Mn-Al-C series low-density cast steel;
2) Smelting: placing the prepared pure iron, electrolytic manganese sheets, pure chromium blocks, high-purity nickel plates, pure aluminum blocks, carburant and titanium sponge into a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
3) And opening a water cooling device of the vacuum induction melting furnace. Vacuumizing the smelting furnace to make the vacuum degree reach 2X 10 -2 Under Pa, then argon is filled to make the vacuum degree reach 1000Pa;
4) The initial current of the smelting coil is 50A, the smelting furnace current is gradually increased after smelting is started, the vacuum induction smelting furnace current is increased by 100A every 10 minutes, and when the smelting furnace current reaches 650A, the current is kept unchanged until the materials in the crucible are all converted into liquid state.
5) Tapping, pouring molten steel into a mould, gradually reducing the current of the induction coil to 50A, and air-cooling to obtain cast steel.
6) And (3) heat treatment: the heat treatment of the castings is carried out in a box furnace. The steel grade has better comprehensive mechanical properties by only carrying out homogenization treatment once. The specific treatment condition is that the homogenization treatment is carried out for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and then water quenching is carried out, thus obtaining the Fe-Mn-Al-C austenitic low-density high-strength steel.
In the preparation method of the Fe-Mn-Al-C austenitic low-density high-strength cast steel, the carburant is one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, coke or anthracite.
The density of the austenitic low-density steel is 6.5-6.7 g/cm 3 . The tensile strength can reach 930MPa, and the elongation rate can reach 70%.
The solution of the invention is to adjust the content of C element on the basis of high manganese and high aluminum of austenitic low-density steel, and add other alloy elements, and to improve the comprehensive performance of the steel by utilizing the solid solution strengthening of Cr, ni, ti and other alloy elements and the precipitation strengthening of TiC phase and kappa carbide. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cast steel only has been subjected to tissue homogenization treatment, the tensile strength of which can reach 930MPa, the elongation of which can reach 70%, and the density of which can reach 6.5-6.7 g/cm 3 The maximum hardness was 262HV. Compared with common cast steel, the density is reduced by 15-17%, and the method is suitable for the production of structural members with complex structures. The application range is wide, and the method can be applied to various fields of automobiles, buildings, engineering machinery and the like. Meanwhile, the processing technology of the inventionThe method is simple, low in processing cost and low in resource consumption, meets the requirements of comprehensive mechanical properties, and meets the national environmental protection concepts of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Compared with the traditional structural steel, the invention has the advantages that:
1) The invention utilizes the light weight effect of Al element, and achieves the effect of reducing the density of steel by properly adding Al into the steel; the density of the low-density steel is 6.5-6.7 g/cm 3 Compared with the traditional structural steel (7.8 g/cm 3 ) The weight reduction effect reaches 15%;
2) The invention utilizes Cr element to improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of steel, utilizes Ni element to stabilize austenite phase, and ensures excellent strain coordination capability of single austenite structure through reasonable proportioning of Cr element and Ni element; meanwhile, the high strength and high plasticity of the low-density steel are realized;
3) The low-density steel has few processing procedures and simple process, and can be put into use only by one-step homogenization treatment after the cast steel is discharged from the furnace;
4) The low-density steel has good comprehensive mechanical property, the tensile strength of the preferred embodiment of the invention can reach 930MPa, the elongation rate can reach 70%, and the product of strength and elongation of the material can reach 60GPa percent.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of the low density steel of example 5.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the low density steel of example 5.
Fig. 3 is an SEM micrograph of the low density steel of example 5.
Fig. 4 is an XRD diffractogram of the low density steel of each example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Further description is made on specific embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are all premised on the technical solution of the present invention, and examples of alloy steels produced under the same smelting, casting and heat treatment processes and performance test results thereof. The composition is shown in Table 1, the actual production process parameters are shown in Table 2, and the comprehensive mechanical properties are shown in Table 3. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The invention relates to high-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel and a preparation method thereof, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) And (3) batching: pure iron, electrolytic manganese sheets, pure chromium blocks, high-purity nickel plates, pure aluminum blocks, carburant and titanium sponge are used as raw materials, and the materials are proportioned according to the requirement of Fe-Mn-Al-C series low-density cast steel;
2) Smelting: placing the prepared pure iron, electrolytic manganese sheets, pure chromium blocks, high-purity nickel plates, pure aluminum blocks, carburant and titanium sponge into a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
3) And opening a water cooling device of the vacuum induction melting furnace. Vacuumizing the smelting furnace to make the vacuum degree reach 2X 10 -2 Under Pa, then argon is filled to make the vacuum degree reach 1000Pa;
4) The initial current of the smelting coil is 50A, the smelting furnace current is gradually increased after smelting is started, the vacuum induction smelting furnace current is increased by 100A every 10 minutes, and when the smelting furnace current reaches 650A, the current is kept unchanged until the materials in the crucible are all converted into liquid state.
5) Tapping, pouring molten steel into a mould, gradually reducing the current of an induction coil to 50A, and air-cooling to obtain a casting.
6) And (3) heat treatment: the heat treatment of the castings is carried out in a box furnace. The material has better comprehensive mechanical property by only carrying out homogenization treatment once. The specific treatment condition is that the homogenization treatment is carried out for 2 hours at 1200 ℃, and then water quenching is carried out, thus obtaining the Fe-Mn-Al-C austenitic low-density high-strength steel.
Table 1 shows the chemical composition (mass fraction wt.%) of the examples of the invention
Table 2 shows the parameters of the homogenization treatment process according to the present invention
Table 3 shows the comprehensive mechanical properties of the experimental steels of the present invention
The Fe-Mn-Al-C low density steel is a single austenite low density steel, the strength of the material is improved mainly by solid solution strengthening of alloy elements such as Cr, ni, ti and the like and precipitation strengthening of TiC equal strengthening phases formed by kappa carbide and Ti elements, and the Fe-Mn-Al-C low density steel also has excellent plasticity, the tensile strength can reach 930MPa, the elongation can reach 70 percent, the strong plastic product can reach more than 60GPa percent, and the density is 6.50g/cm 3 ～6.70g/cm 3 The weight reduction effect reaches 15-17%. The method has the main advantages that the treatment process is simple, the steel can be well treated by one-step homogenization treatment after tapping from the vacuum induction melting furnace, and the processing cost is greatly reduced.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength high-plasticity austenitic low-density steel is characterized in that the mass percentage of the component system of the material is C1.4-1.6 wt.%, mn:30.0 to 31.0wt.%, al:9.0 to 10.5wt.%, cr:1.00 to 5.25wt.%, ni:1.00 to 3.26wt.%, ti:0.40 to 0.60wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
2. The high strength, high plasticity austenitic low density steel of claim 1, wherein the composition system of the material is C:1.40wt.%, mn:31.93wt.%, al:9.26wt.%, cr:1.17wt.%, ni:1.08wt.%, ti:0.53wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
3. The high strength, high plasticity austenitic low density steel of claim 1, wherein the composition system of the material is C:1.48wt.%, mn:31.67wt.%, al:9.51wt.%, cr:1.04wt.%, ni:1.93wt.%, ti:0.49wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
4. The high strength, high plasticity austenitic low density steel of claim 1, wherein the composition system of the material is C:1.47wt.%, mn:31.74wt.%, al:9.60wt.%, cr:2.99wt.%, ni:1.72wt.%, ti:0.54wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
5. The high strength, high plasticity austenitic low density steel of claim 1, wherein the composition system of the material is C:1.52wt.%, mn:30.05wt.%, al:9.82wt.%, cr:3.12wt.%, ni:2.91wt.%, ti:0.49wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
6. The high strength, high plasticity austenitic low density steel of claim 1, wherein the composition system of the material is C:1.50wt.%, mn:30.33wt.%, al:9.89wt.%, cr:4.68wt.%, ni:1.86wt.%, ti:0.49wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
7. The high strength, high plasticity austenitic low density steel of claim 1, wherein the composition system of the material is C:1.53wt.%, mn:30.13wt.%, al:10.48wt.%, cr:5.25wt.%, ni:3.26wt.%, ti:0.54wt.%, S: less than or equal to 0.01wt.%, P: less than or equal to 0.03wt.% and the balance of Fe.
8. The high strength low density austenitic steel of claim 1 to claim 7, wherein the density is between 6.5 and 6.7g/cm 3 The structure type is austenite matrix, tiC phase and kappa carbide; the tensile strength of the cast structure can reach 930MPa after only homogenization treatment, and the elongation after fracture can reach more than 70%.
9. A method for producing a high strength low density steel according to claim 1-8, characterized in that,
1) And (3) batching: pure iron, electrolytic manganese sheets, pure chromium blocks, high-purity nickel plates, pure aluminum blocks, carburant and titanium sponge are used as raw materials, and the materials are proportioned according to the requirement of Fe-Mn-Al-C series low-density cast steel;
2) Smelting: placing the prepared pure iron, electrolytic manganese sheets, pure chromium blocks, high-purity nickel plates, pure aluminum blocks, carburant and titanium sponge into a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
3) Opening a water cooling device of the vacuum induction melting furnace; vacuumizing the smelting furnace to make the vacuum degree reach 2X 10 -2 Under Pa, then argon is filled to make the vacuum degree reach 1000Pa;
4) The initial current of the smelting coil is 50A, the smelting furnace current is gradually increased after smelting is started, the vacuum induction smelting furnace current is increased by 100A every 10 minutes, and when the smelting furnace current reaches 650A, the temperature is kept until materials in a crucible are completely liquid;
5) Pouring alloy steel liquid into a mould, gradually reducing the current of an induction coil to a 50A safety value, and then air-cooling to obtain cast steel;
6) And (3) heat treatment: the heat treatment of the castings is carried out in a box furnace; preserving heat for 2h at 1200 ℃ and quenching with water; thus obtaining the Fe-Mn-Al-C austenitic low density Gao Jiangzhu steel.
10. The method for producing a low-density, high-strength austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C steel according to claim 9, wherein said carburant is one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, coke, or anthracite.
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