CN116644677B - DEM-based coal-rock mass hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect quantification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a DEM-based coal rock hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect quantification method, which comprises the steps of dispersing a coal rock sample into a group of rigid particles, and establishing a discrete element particle aggregate; applying contact force among particles to enable the particle combination to be consolidated to construct a BPM model; introducing fluid, a fluid domain and a fluid pipeline into the BPM model to realize the seepage effect of the particle aggregate; imparting a hydrodynamic parameter; giving hydraulic fracturing simulation to the BPM model; under the same constant-pressure steady-state parameter state, respectively measuring the permeability of the BPM model before and after the hydraulic fracturing state; and by comparing the permeability, the quantification of the hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect of the BPM model is realized. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation process and accurate and reliable simulation effect. And the method is not limited to specific rock soil or fracturing fluid, can be easily realized through simulation on complex geological conditions difficult to be re-carved in physical experiments, and has important engineering guidance significance on optimizing hydraulic fracturing parameters and improving coal bed methane exploitation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of application simulation analysis, in particular to a coal-rock hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect quantification method based on DEM.
Background
In gas extraction operation, for coal and rock mass with low permeability and high density characteristics, hydraulic fracturing technology is commonly used for pre-releasing pressure and increasing permeability in the coal and rock mass layer, so that the effective influence range of drilling is enlarged, and the gas extraction effect is improved. Because the geological parameters of the coal and rock mass in different regions are different; the implementation cost of the hydraulic fracturing technology is high; and the technology is destructive operation and does not have the condition of multiple experiments; therefore, technicians usually adopt indoor simulation experiments to study the influence of different factors on the permeability-increasing effect of coal and rock mass in the hydraulic fracturing process.
However, the indoor simulation experiment has the following problems: (1) the test piece is difficult to process; (2) the actual stratum condition of the coal rock mass is difficult to be re-carved; (3) hydraulic fracturing process is not visible, etc. Under the background, technicians introduce simulation technology into hydraulic fracturing research, wherein a discrete element method is used as a simulation technology which is more commonly applied, and has excellent applicability in the research of mechanical problems of large deformation and discontinuous media.
The hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment performed by the discrete element method is mainly aimed at the development and expansion rules of hydraulic fractures, the rock damage forms and damage areas, and aims at exploring the mechanism of coal rock mass fracture expansion under the hydraulic fracturing effect, and the effect of the hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection technology is not directly reflected. For gas extraction operation, the anti-reflection effect of the coal rock mass after hydraulic fracturing operation is required to be evaluated, and the influence of different factors on the anti-reflection effect of the coal rock mass is convenient for guiding production operation, so that the invention provides a DEM-based quantification method for the hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect of the coal rock mass.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a DEM-based coal-rock hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect quantification method.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a DEM-based coal-rock mass hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect quantification method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring actual physical and mechanical parameters of a coal rock mass sample, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters comprise: young's modulus, tensile strength, shear strength, friction angle, coefficient of friction, and Poisson's ratio;
s2, establishing a coal rock mass sample discrete element particle aggregate model;
s3, endowing the particle aggregate model with parallel bonding contact force to bond different numbers of particles to generate a coal rock mass sample BPM model;
s4, endowing a fluid pipeline and a fluid domain in the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample,
the fluid conduit refers to the contact between particles in the collection of particles,
the fluid domain refers to a polygonal closed area surrounded by adjacent and contacted particle center points;
s5, giving hydraulic parameters to a BPM model of the coal rock mass sample, wherein the hydraulic parameters comprise:
the method comprises the steps of (1) initial opening of a fluid pipeline, apparent volume of a fluid domain, residual opening amplification coefficient of a crack, fluid volume modulus, opening half-opening compression force and fluid viscosity;
s6, giving a fixed value confining pressure to the coal rock mass sample BPM model, drilling an injection hole with a certain size inwards from the center position of the outer surface of the coal rock mass sample BPM model, and applying a fixed value inlet pressure P to one side of the coal rock mass sample BPM model 1 Applying a fixed value of outlet pressure P on the other side thereof 2 And P is 1 > P 2 ；
When the average pore pressure and the total flow of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample reach steady states, calculating the permeability K of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample 0 ；
S7, after the confining pressure, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in the step S6 are removed, fluid with a constant flow value and a constant pressure value is given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample from the injection hole in the step S6, hydraulic fracturing simulation is given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample, and the particle state and the crack state of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample are recorded;
s8, removing the operation result given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in the step S7, repeating the step S6 to obtain the permeability K of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in a constant pressure steady state after hydraulic fracturing simulation 1 Comparing the permeability K 0 And permeability K 1 And quantifying the hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample.
Further, in step S2, the method for establishing the coal rock mass sample discrete element particle aggregate model includes: setting domain, generating a wall body with a certain size in the domain, and generating a group of random rigid particles in a space surrounded by the wall body to form a rigid particle aggregate, wherein the particles in the rigid particle aggregate are spheres and have different diameters; assigning a particle minimum diameter and a particle size ratio; the particle aggregate macroscopic size, density, porosity, stiffness and damping are assigned.
Further, in step S3, the parameters of the contact force include young 'S modulus, tensile strength, shear strength, friction angle, friction coefficient and poisson' S ratio, and the parameters are taken as the actual physical and mechanical parameters of the coal-rock mass sample in step S1.
Further, a trial and error method is used to calibrate the parameters of the contact force.
Further, in step S4, an actual apparent area of the fluid region is calculated from the coal rock mass sample BPM model.
Further, the confining pressure of the coal rock mass sample BPM model comprises vertical and transverse pressures, and the permeability of the coal rock mass sample BPM model is calculated through Darcy's law.
Further, the permeability of the coal rock mass sample BPM model before and after hydraulic fracturing simulation is calculated, and the coal rock mass sample BPM model is in a constant-pressure steady state with the same parameters.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the DEM-based coal-rock mass hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect quantification method, through collection of actual physical and mechanical parameters of the coal-rock mass, a coal-rock mass seepage model is built based on a discrete element method, a hydraulic fracturing experiment is simulated, and a model permeability test is completed. The hydraulic fracturing process is reflected by measuring the permeability of the model before and after fracturing, the anti-reflection effect of the model is quantized, the operation process is simple, and the simulation effect is accurate and reliable.
The method can be suitable for different experimental objects by adjusting and correcting the input parameters and updating the calculation parameters in real time, and is not limited to specific rock soil or fracturing fluid. The complex geological conditions difficult to be re-carved in the physical experiment can be easily realized through simulation, and the method has important engineering guiding significance for optimizing hydraulic fracturing parameters and improving the coal bed methane exploitation efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1: a flow diagram of the method of the invention;
fig. 2: schematic diagram of fluid domain apparent area calculation principle;
fig. 3: a permeability test schematic diagram of a constant pressure steady-state method;
fig. 4: a schematic diagram of a leakage rate measurement result of a BPM model of a coal rock mass sample before fracturing;
fig. 5: and (5) a schematic diagram of a leakage rate measurement result of a BPM model of the coal rock mass sample after fracturing.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention is described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention provides a coal-rock mass hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect quantification method based on DEM, which comprises the following steps of.
S1, acquiring a coal rock mass sample in a certain working area, and measuring actual physical and mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass sample.
The physical mechanical parameters include:
young's modulus, tensile strength, shear strength, friction angle, coefficient of friction, and Poisson's ratio.
S2, establishing a coal rock mass sample discrete element particle aggregate model.
Coal rock mass acts as a discontinuous medium which can be discretized into a set of mutually contacting, spherical, rigid particle aggregates of varying sizes.
The invention preferably uses PFC software to simulate the coal rock mass, and the following operation steps are carried out in the software. PFC software is a software system which is commonly used in the technical field of simulation and operates in a mature mode, and the operation principle of the PFC software is not repeated.
Setting domain, generating a wall body with a certain size in the domain, and generating a group of random rigid particles in a space surrounded by the wall body to form a rigid particle aggregate, wherein the particles in the rigid particle aggregate are spheres and have different diameters;
assigning a particle minimum diameter and a particle size ratio;
the particle aggregate macroscopic size, density, porosity, stiffness and damping are assigned.
And S3, endowing the rigid particle aggregate with parallel bonding contact force, and enabling different numbers of particles to be bonded to generate a BPM model of the coal rock mass sample.
The parameters of the contact force include Young's modulus, tensile strength, shear strength, friction angle, friction coefficient and Poisson's ratio.
And (3) calibrating the parameters of the contact force according to the Young modulus, the tensile strength, the shear strength, the friction angle, the friction coefficient and the Poisson ratio which are actually measured in the step (S1).
In the parameter calibration process of contact force assignment, the parameter calibration is carried out by adopting a trial-and-error method due to poor correspondence between macroscopic parameters and particle parameters.
In the present step, the step of the method,
the trial-and-error method is a method commonly accepted and used in the experimental process, and the principle is briefly described as follows:
trial and error is a systematic method with black box property, which is explored by continuous test and error elimination to achieve the aim, and is a purely empirical learning method. The subject applying the trial-and-error method tests the response made by the black box by intermittently or continuously varying parameters of the black box system to seek a way to achieve the goal. The information approaching the target is fed back to the main body, the main body can continue to take a successful action mode, the information deviating from the target is fed back to the main body, and the main body can avoid taking a failed action mode. With such continuous attempts and continuous evaluations, the subject can gradually reach the desired goal.
According to the method based on the trial-and-error method, microscopic parameters among particles are continuously adjusted, macroscopic parameters reflected to the particle aggregate are changed, and mechanical parameters of the particle aggregate tend to be the final result.
In the present step, the step of the method,
the deformation of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample is caused by the movement of the rigid particles constituting the sample and the opening and closing of the contact surfaces, not by the deformation of the individual particles.
The parallel cohesive contact between particles in the BPM model of a coal rock mass sample can be considered as a set of springs with constant normal and tangential stiffness evenly distributed over the contact surface and center contact point. Parallel bonded contacts can be theoretically characterized as elastic beams of a certain length, which achieve interactions between adjacent particles and transfer forces and moments between adjacent particles.
Various mechanical behaviors in the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample are the result of the combined action of the motion of each particle and the force and moment acting on the bonding bonds among the particles.
And S4, endowing a fluid pipeline and a fluid domain in a BPM model of the coal rock mass sample according to a fluid-solid coupling algorithm, and simulating the seepage effect of the particle aggregate.
The fluid pipeline refers to contact among particles in a particle aggregate;
the fluid domain refers to a polygonal closed area surrounded by adjacent and contacted particle center points.
During the simulation of the percolation action of the collection of particles, the fluid is stored in the fluid domains and the fluid exchange between the fluid domains is achieved by means of the fluid conduits. In the process of fluid flow, the forces generated by the fluid flow on particles and the contact forces among the particles act together to realize the fluid permeation simulation of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample.
In the step, in order to improve the accuracy of calculation, specific values of the apparent area of the fluid domain are not defined any more, and the apparent area of the fluid domain is calculated through the established coal rock mass sample BPM model.
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
scanning all fluid domains in the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample to obtain the central position of the fluid domain and obtain the central point position of particles forming the fluid domain. And disassembling the polygonal area of the fluid domain into a plurality of triangular areas, calculating the area of each triangular area through the position information, and summing to obtain the area of the fluid domain.
The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein a, b, c are the lengths of three sides of the triangle; p=1/2 (a+b+c).
S5, giving the BPM model seepage hydraulic parameters to the coal rock mass sample according to a fluid-solid coupling algorithm.
The hydraulic parameters include: the method comprises the steps of initial opening of a fluid pipeline, apparent volume of a fluid domain, residual opening amplification coefficient of a crack, fluid volume modulus, opening half-open compression force and fluid viscosity.
S6-1, in order to ensure consistency of the fracturing samples, injection holes with certain sizes are drilled inwards from the center position of the outer surface of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample.
S6-2, confining pressure, including vertical pressure and transverse pressure, is given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample, and the confining pressure is used for simulating the actual stress state of the coal rock mass in the rock stratum.
S6-3, applying a fixed value of inlet pressure P on one side of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample 1 Applying a fixed value of outlet pressure P on the other side thereof 2 ；
P 1 > P 2 Forming pressure difference, promoting fluid to flow in the coal rock mass sample BPM model, and recording the average pore pressure and the total flow of the coal rock mass sample BPM model until the average pore pressure and the total flow reach steady states;
when the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample is in a constant-pressure steady state, calculating the permeability K of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample through Darcy's law 0 The formula is as follows:
wherein:
lg is the height between the fluid inlet end and the fluid outlet end of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample;
a is the cross section area of a BPM model of a coal rock mass sample, the thickness of the two-dimensional model is 1, namely the value of the cross section area is the width of the BPM model of the coal rock mass;
gamma is the severity of the fluid;
μ is the viscosity of the fluid;
P 1 is the inlet pressure;
P 2 is the outlet pressure.
And S7, removing the confining pressure, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in the step S6, and then, giving hydraulic fracturing simulation to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample.
Drilling an injection hole with a certain size inwards from the center position of the outer surface of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample, wherein the diameter and the position of the hole are consistent with S6-1;
a certain flow value and a certain pressure value of fluid, preferably water, are given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample from the injection hole, and the hydraulic fracturing process is completed under the combined action of the fluid pressure and the contact force among particles;
the particle state and crack state of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample are recorded.
S8, removing results generated in the running process of the fluid-solid coupling algorithm endowed with the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in the step S7 and fluid with a constant flow value and a certain pressure value;
s8-1, assigning confining pressure to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample subjected to hydraulic fracturing simulation in the step S7, wherein the content and the values are the same as the confining pressure parameters described in the step S6-1;
s8-2, repeating the process and parameters of the step S6-2 to obtain the permeability K of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in the steady state of constant pressure after hydraulic fracturing simulation 1 。
S8-3, by comparing the permeability K 0 And permeability K 1 And the quantification of the hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample is realized.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The DEM-based coal-rock mass hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect quantification method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, acquiring actual physical and mechanical parameters of a coal rock mass sample, wherein the physical and mechanical parameters comprise: young's modulus, tensile strength, shear strength, friction angle, coefficient of friction, and Poisson's ratio;
s2, establishing a coal rock mass sample discrete element particle aggregate model, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps of:
setting domain, generating a wall body with a certain size in the domain, and generating a group of random rigid particles in a space surrounded by the wall body to form a rigid particle aggregate, wherein the particles in the rigid particle aggregate are spheres and have different diameters;
assigning a particle minimum diameter and a particle size ratio;
assigning macro-size, density, porosity, rigidity and damping to the particle aggregate;
s3, endowing the particle aggregate model with parallel bonding contact force to bond different numbers of particles to generate a BPM model of the coal rock mass sample,
calibrating the parameters of the contact force by adopting a trial-and-error method,
the parameters of the contact force comprise Young modulus, tensile strength, shear strength, friction angle, friction coefficient and Poisson ratio, and the parameters are valued in the actual physical and mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass sample in the step S1;
s4, endowing a fluid pipeline and a fluid domain in the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample,
the fluid conduit refers to the contact between particles in the collection of particles,
the fluid domain refers to a polygonal closed area surrounded by adjacent and contacted particle center points;
s5, giving hydraulic parameters to a BPM model of the coal rock mass sample, wherein the hydraulic parameters comprise:
the method comprises the steps of (1) initial opening of a fluid pipeline, apparent volume of a fluid domain, residual opening amplification coefficient of a crack, fluid volume modulus, opening half-opening compression force and fluid viscosity;
s6, giving a fixed value confining pressure to the coal rock mass sample BPM model, drilling an injection hole with a certain size inwards from the center position of the outer surface of the coal rock mass sample BPM model, and applying a fixed value inlet pressure P to one side of the coal rock mass sample BPM model 1 Applying a fixed value of outlet pressure P on the other side thereof 2 And P is 1 > P 2 ；
When the average pore pressure and the total flow of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample reach steady states, calculating the permeability K of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample 0 ；
S7, after the confining pressure, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in the step S6 are removed, fluid with a constant flow value and a constant pressure value is given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample from the injection hole in the step S6, hydraulic fracturing simulation is given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample, and the particle state and the crack state of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample are recorded;
s8, removing the operation result given to the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in the step S7, repeating the step S6 to obtain the permeability K of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample in a constant pressure steady state after hydraulic fracturing simulation 1 Comparing the permeability K 0 And permeability K 1 And quantifying the hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect of the BPM model of the coal rock mass sample.
2. The DEM-based coal and rock mass hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect quantification method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the actual apparent area of the fluid domain is calculated through the coal and rock mass sample BPM model.
3. The DEM-based coal and rock mass hydraulic fracturing anti-reflection effect quantification method according to claim 1, wherein the confining pressure of the coal and rock mass sample BPM model comprises vertical and horizontal pressures, and the permeability of the coal and rock mass sample BPM model is calculated through darcy's law.
4. A method for quantifying the hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing effect of a coal-rock mass based on a DEM according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the permeability of the coal-rock mass sample BPM model before and after hydraulic fracturing simulation is calculated, and the coal-rock mass sample BPM model is in a constant-pressure steady state with the same parameters.
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| A fully Lagrangian method for fluid-structure interaction problems with deformable floating structure;Sun, YJ等;《JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES》;第90卷;379-395 * |
| 基于弹塑性颗粒流本构模型的Lac du Bonnet花岗岩破坏细观机理模拟;彭述权等;长江科学院院报(第01期);146-152 * |
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