CN116636807A - Double-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging device and system - Google Patents
Double-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging device and system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/1025—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for confocal scanning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/12—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for looking at the eye fundus, e.g. ophthalmoscopes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fundus imaging optical systems, in particular to a double-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging device and system. The invention comprises an ocular lens group, a second lens group, a first diaphragm, a scanning module, a first lens group, a spectroscope, an illumination module and a detector module; the illumination module emits multi-wavelength laser, the multi-wavelength laser is reflected by the spectroscope and sequentially passes through the first mirror group, the scanning module, the first diaphragm, the second mirror group, the first parabolic reflecting surface and the second parabolic reflecting surface to reach the fundus, and the fundus reflected light reaches the detector module to form an image through a reverse light path. The invention adopts two parabolic reflectors with through holes in the centers and different focal lengths, the focal point of the first parabolic reflector is positioned within 3mm in front of the second lens group, and the first parabolic reflector is conjugated with the first diaphragm to realize the confocal imaging of the fundus with the ultra-large field of view. The invention realizes the imaging of the maximum 138 degrees of the external angle of the eye, and has the characteristics of high resolution, excellent imaging quality and simultaneous multi-wavelength detection. The method is mainly used for screening fundus diseases.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ophthalmic imaging diagnosis, and relates to a double-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging device and a system, which are applied to fundus disease screening.
Background
The confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope (confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, cSLO) is an ophthalmic detection device which uses a narrow-band or wide-band light source with a certain wavelength to continuously scan the retina surface point by point, and then rearranges and analyzes the obtained two-dimensional data by a computer and reconstructs the two-dimensional data into a two-dimensional image. Compared with the traditional ophthalmoscope, the laser scanning ophthalmoscope has the advantages of low required illumination brightness, high light collection efficiency, no need of mydriasis, wide field of view and large depth of field. The confocal structure of the confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope only collects light returned from the fundus focus position, and stray light before and after the focus is blocked, so that the contrast of an image is greatly improved, and the imaging resolution is improved; by controlling the position of the focal point, tomographic imaging and three-dimensional imaging are made possible.
Due to the limitation of the scanning range and the vibration frequency of the two-dimensional vibrating mirror and the limitation of the contact distance between the lens and the eye, the multi-wavelength confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope usually only irradiates a part of the fundus, but has serious aberration for imaging in a larger field of view range of the fundus, the traditional ophthalmoscope is limited by the pupil size and the eyeball lens distance, the requirements of large field of view and high resolution are usually difficult to realize at the same time, and stray light needs to be eliminated by using a special mode due to the influence of an illumination mode; common confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopes are limited by confocal characteristics, the field of view range can only reach 40 degrees multiplied by 40 degrees, and the problem that chromatic aberration is difficult to eliminate and the swinging angle of a vibrating mirror is limited exists in a larger field of view range, so that the field of view of the confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscope is usually smaller.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a double-parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging device and a double-parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging system, which realize ultra-wide-angle multi-wavelength confocal laser scanning fundus imaging with an intraocular field angle of +/-18 degrees to +/-54.3 degrees and an extraocular field angle of 138 degrees at maximum under the condition of not introducing a free curved surface.
In a first aspect, a dual-parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging device includes an illumination module, a beam splitter, a first lens group, a scanning module, a first diaphragm, a second lens group, an ocular lens group and a detector module, the ocular lens group includes a first parabolic mirror and a second parabolic mirror; the centers of the first parabolic reflector and the second parabolic reflector are respectively provided with a through hole; the focal length of the first parabolic reflector is greater than the focal length of the second parabolic reflector; the focal point of the first parabolic reflector and the focal point of the second parabolic reflector are conjugate; and in the second direction, the focal point of the first parabolic reflector is positioned in front of the second lens group, and the distance between the focal point of the first parabolic reflector and the second lens group is not more than 3mm. The illumination module emits multi-wavelength laser in a first direction, the multi-wavelength laser is incident on the reflecting surface of the spectroscope, the laser is reflected and then is incident on the first lens group, and then is output to the scanning module, the laser is reflected by the scanning module, the optical axis direction is deflected and then is incident on the first diaphragm, the laser is incident on the second lens group after passing through the first diaphragm, and then is incident on the pupil of an eye through the ocular lens group; the fundus reflection light sequentially passes through the ocular lens group, the second lens group, the first diaphragm, the scanning module and the first lens group along the second direction, then enters the spectroscope, enters the detector module through the spectroscope, and the detector module converts the light signal into a digital image. The first lens group plays a role in converging light, does not additionally correct aberration, and the second lens group plays a role in correcting aberration of a large field of view; the scanning module uses a two-dimensional vibrating mirror, the center of the vibrating mirror and the first diaphragm are on the same optical axis, emergent light of the first diaphragm along the second direction is reflected by the two-dimensional vibrating mirror, and rays with different angles of view are emergent in the same direction, so that point scanning is realized.
Preferably, the spacing requirements of the first parabolic mirror and the second parabolic mirror do not overlap each other.
Preferably, the sizes of the through holes of the first parabolic reflector and the second parabolic reflector are as follows: the diameter of the through hole is less than or equal to 30mm and less than or equal to 80mm.
Preferably, the included angle between the optical axes of the first lens group and the second lens group is 90 °.
Preferably, the included angle between the optical axis of the first lens group and the spectroscope is 45 degrees.
Preferably, the detector module is located at the focal plane of the first mirror group.
Preferably, the focal point of the first parabolic reflector is a first conjugate surface having an aperture diameter of no more than 5mm.
Preferably, the first conjugate plane is conjugated to the first diaphragm.
Preferably, the emission wavelength comprises one or more of 488 nm.+ -. 10nm, 520 nm.+ -. 10nm, 635 nm.+ -. 10nm, 785 nm.+ -. 10 nm.
Further, the first lens group comprises a first plano-convex lens, a first biconcave lens and a first biconvex lens; the second lens group comprises a second plano-convex lens, a first meniscus lens, a second biconvex lens and a third biconvex lens; the scanning module comprises a two-dimensional galvanometer.
Preferably, the focal length range of the first plano-convex lens is more than 0 and less than 50mm; the focal length range of the first biconcave lens is smaller than 0, -50mm or more; the focal length range of the first lenticular lens is greater than 0 and less than 50 mm.
Preferably, the focal length range of the second plano-convex lens is more than 10mm and less than 50mm; the focal length range of the first meniscus lens is more than 50mm and is within 100 mm; the focal length range of the second biconvex lens is more than 100mm and is within 150 mm; the focal length range of the third biconvex lens is more than 10mm and less than 50 mm.
Preferably, the two-dimensional galvanometer is positioned near the first diaphragm having a diameter of not less than 4mm.
Preferably, the optical axis of the first lens group forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the two-dimensional vibrating mirror in the static state.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a dual-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging system, based on the imaging device of the first aspect, wherein the vibration amplitude of the two-dimensional galvanometer is not greater than 20 °.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, by utilizing the characteristics of paraboloids and reasonably setting the distance between two paraboloid reflectors and the distance between eyes and ocular lens, under the condition that a free-form surface lens is not introduced to be off-axis, the imaging range of a larger visual field area of the fundus is expanded, and the diameter of a limiting hole at the first conjugate surface is not more than 5mm, so that the influence caused by natural reflected light and stray light is blocked; the diameter of the eye pupil is smaller than 2mm, and pupil expansion is not needed in practical use. Compared with other large-view-field fundus imaging systems, the invention better eliminates chromatic aberration caused by large-view-field eyeballs, greatly improves the modulation transfer function of the system and ensures the image quality of each view field.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail below in connection with the drawings and the preferred embodiments, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these drawings are drawn for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments only and thus should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Moreover, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the drawings are merely schematic representations, not necessarily to scale, of the compositions or constructions of the described objects and may include exaggerated representations.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging optical system with an extraocular field angle of 138 ° according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a dual-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging optical system with an extraocular field angle of 114 ° according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging optical system with an extraocular field angle of 90 degrees according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the light path of the integrated module of the scanning module, the first mirror set, the laser source and the detector module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second lens assembly according to the present invention;
FIGS. 6 (a) -6 (d) are imaging point columns of the present invention with extraocular half field angles of 22.5 °, 45.0 °, 57.0 °, 69.0 °;
FIGS. 7 (a) -7 (d) are graphs showing the results of modulation transfer functions for the extra-ocular half field angles of the present invention of 22.5 °, 45.0 °, 57.0 °, 69.0 °;
1: an eye pupil; 2: a first parabolic mirror; 3: a second parabolic mirror; 4: a first conjugate surface; 5: a second lens group; 6. a first diaphragm; 7: a comprehensive module;
5-1: a second plano-convex lens; 5-2: a first meniscus lens; 5-3: a second biconvex lens; 5-4: a third biconvex lens;
7-1: a lighting module; 7-2: a beam splitter; 7-3: a detector module; 7-4, a first plano-convex lens; 7-5, a first biconcave lens; 7-6: a first lenticular lens; 7-8: a first lens group; 7-7: and a scanning module.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical system structure diagram of a dual-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus with an extraocular field angle of 138 ° according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 4 and 5, the imaging apparatus includes a synthesis module 7, a first diaphragm 6, a second lens group 5, a first paraboloid mirror 2 and a second paraboloid mirror 3; the first parabolic mirror 2 and the second parabolic mirror 3 constitute an eyepiece group.
The integrated module 7 comprises an illumination module 7-1, a spectroscope 7-2, a detector module 7-3, a first lens group 7-8 and a scanning module 7-7, wherein the first lens group 7-8 comprises a first plano-convex lens 7-4, a first biconcave lens 7-5 and a first biconvex lens 7-6.
In the first direction, the emitting wavelength of the lighting module 7-1 comprises one or more emitting lasers of 488nm plus or minus 10nm, 520nm plus or minus 10nm, 635nm plus or minus 10nm and 785nm plus or minus 10nm, the laser emitted by the lighting module 7-1 enters the first lens group 7-8 through the spectroscope 7-2, then passes through the scanning module 7-7 to realize the deflection with the optical axis direction of the first lens group being 90 degrees, and then enters the first diaphragm 6, the second lens group 5 and the ocular lens group reach the fundus through the ocular pupil 1, and the ocular pupil 1 is positioned at the focus of the second parabolic reflector; in the second direction, fundus reflection light irradiates an ocular lens group through an ocular pupil 1, and irradiates a detector module 7-3 positioned at the focus of the first lens group 7-8 after the second lens group 5, the first diaphragm 6, the scanning module 7-7, the first lens group 7-8 and the spectroscope 7-2; in the first and second directions, the eye pupil 1 is conjugated with a first conjugate plane 4 at the focus of the first parabolic mirror, the first conjugate plane 4 being conjugated with a first diaphragm 6; the ocular lens group consists of a first parabolic reflector 2 and a second parabolic reflector 3, the surfaces are all parabolic, a through hole is formed in the center of the lens, and the diameter of the through hole is more than or equal to 30mm and less than or equal to 80mm; the focal length of the first parabolic reflector 2 is larger than that of the second parabolic reflector 3, the overall aberration of the ocular lens group is reduced, and the structural complexity of the second lens group can be reduced; the focal point of the first parabolic reflector and the focal point of the second parabolic reflector are conjugate and the distance between the first parabolic reflector 2 and the second parabolic reflector 3 are not overlapped, the focal point of the first parabolic reflector 2 is positioned in front of the second mirror group 5 and the distance between the focal point of the first parabolic reflector 2 and the second mirror group 5 is not more than 3mm; in this embodiment, the distance between the focal point of the first parabolic mirror 2 and the second mirror set 5 is 0.5mm.
As shown in fig. 4, the first lens group 7-8 includes at least 3 spherical lenses, respectively: the first plano-convex lens 7-4, the first biconcave lens 7-5, and the first biconvex lens 7-6, assuming that the focal length of the first biconvex lens 7-6 is f 1 The focal length of the first biconcave lens 7-5 is f 2 The focal length of the first plano-convex thick lens 7-4 is f 3 Which respectively satisfy 0<f 1 ≤50mm，-50mm≤f 2 <0，0<f 3 Less than or equal to 50mm; the first lens group 7-8 functions to converge light rays without additional correction of aberrations.
As shown in fig. 5, the second lens group 5 includes 4 spherical lenses, which are respectively: a second plano-convex lens 5-1, a first meniscus lens 5-2, a second biconvex lens 5-3, and a third biconvex lens 5-4. Let the focal length of the second plano-convex lens 5-1 be f 4 The focal length of the first meniscus lens 5-2 is f 5 The focal length of the second biconvex lens 5-3 is f 6 The third biconvex lens 5-4 has a focal length f 7 Respectively satisfy f less than or equal to 10mm 4 ≤50mm，50mm≤f 5 ≤100mm，100mm≤f 6 ≤150mm，10mm≤f 7 Less than or equal to 50mm; the second lens group 5 functions to correct a large field aberration.
The second lens group realizes conjugation between the first conjugate surface 4 and the first diaphragm 6, eliminates spherical aberration of a large field of view, and the diameter of the first diaphragm is not smaller than 4mm; the scanning module 7-7 adopts a two-dimensional vibrating mirror, the center of the two-dimensional vibrating mirror, the first diaphragm 6 and the second lens group 5 are on the same optical axis, emergent light of the first diaphragm 6 along the second direction is reflected by the two-dimensional vibrating mirror, and light rays of different angles of view are emergent in the same direction, so that point scanning is realized. Compared with an ophthalmoscope adopting a complex curved surface, the design is more beneficial to engineering.
The scanning vibrating mirror and the spectroscope 7-2 in the static state in the scanning module 7-3 form an included angle of 45 degrees with the optical axis of the first mirror group.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 4 and fig. 5, the optical system structure diagram of the dual-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus with an extraocular field angle of 114 ° according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. The difference between this embodiment and the embodiment shown in fig. 2 is that the diameter, focal length and diameter parameters of the through holes of the first parabolic mirror and the second parabolic mirror are different.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, the optical system structure diagram of the dual-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus with an extraocular field angle of 90 ° according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. The difference between this embodiment and the embodiments shown in fig. 2 and 3 is that the diameter, focal length and diameter parameters of the through holes of the first parabolic mirror and the second parabolic mirror are different. Fig. 6 (a) -6 (d) are imaging point columns of the present invention with the half field angles outside the eye of 22.5 °, 45.0 °, 57.0 °, 69.0 °, respectively. The root mean square Radius (RMS) of each view field light spot is smaller than 4.5um, no larger chromatic aberration exists, aberration is basically eliminated, and the invention has better imaging quality.
Fig. 7 (a) -7 (d) are graphs showing the results of modulation transfer functions of the present invention with the extra-ocular half angles of view of 22.5 °, 45.0 °, 57.0 °, 69.0 °, respectively.
Referring to fig. 7 (a) -7 (d), the cut-off frequency of the present optical system is higher than 0.5 at 80 line pairs and higher than 0.2 at 150 line pairs at an extraocular half field angle of 22.5 °; at an extraocular half field angle of 45.0 °, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is higher than 0.5 at 105 line pairs and higher than 0.2 at 250 line pairs; at an extraocular half field angle of 57.0 °, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is higher than 0.5 at 75 line pairs and higher than 0.2 at 150 line pairs; when the half field angle outside the eye is 69.0 degrees, the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is higher than 0.5 at 80 line pairs, and higher than 0.2 at 150 line pairs, and higher than the resolution level of the existing laser confocal scanning fundus imaging technology at present, the invention has higher resolution.
The invention can finally realize imaging within the band range of 478 nm-795 nm and the range of + -18.0 DEG to + -54.3 DEG of the field angle in eyes, and the maximum field angle outside eyes reaches 138 DEG, thereby having better imaging quality and higher resolution, and meeting the resolution requirement that the diameter of a spot-Point Spread Function (PSF) in the whole field of view is smaller than 15 mu m. The invention simultaneously meets the requirements of ultra-wide angle, confocal optical path, high resolution and multi-wavelength.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more detailed description of the invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present invention may be better understood. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (15)
1. The utility model provides a two paraboloid confocal laser scanning eyeground image device, contains lighting module, spectroscope, first mirror group, scanning module, first diaphragm, second mirror group, eyepiece group and detector module, characterized by:
the ocular lens group comprises a first parabolic reflector and a second parabolic reflector;
the centers of the first parabolic reflector and the second parabolic reflector are respectively provided with a through hole;
the focal length of the first parabolic mirror is greater than the focal length of the second parabolic mirror;
the focal point of the first parabolic reflector and the focal point of the second parabolic reflector are conjugate;
the focal point of the first parabolic reflector is positioned in front of the second lens group;
the distance between the focus of the first parabolic reflector and the second parabolic reflector is not more than 3mm.
2. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the spacing of the first parabolic mirror and the second parabolic mirror requires that the first parabolic mirror and the second parabolic mirror do not overlap each other.
3. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that: the sizes of through holes of the first parabolic reflector and the second parabolic reflector are as follows: the diameter of the through hole is less than or equal to 30mm and less than or equal to 80mm.
4. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first lens group comprises a first plano-convex lens, a first biconcave lens and a first biconvex lens.
5. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus of claim 1 or claim 4, wherein:
the focal length range of the first plano-convex lens is more than 0 and less than 50mm;
the focal length range of the first biconcave lens is smaller than 0, -50mm or more;
the focal length range of the first biconvex lens is more than 0 and less than 50mm;
the optical axis of the first lens group forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the spectroscope.
6. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the emission wavelength of the laser emitted by the lighting module comprises one or more of 488nm +/-10 nm, 520nm +/-10 nm, 635nm +/-10 nm and 785nm +/-10 nm.
7. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the scanning module comprises a two-dimensional vibrating mirror;
the included angle between the optical axis of the first lens group and the two-dimensional vibrating mirror in a static state is 45 degrees.
8. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the detector module is located at a focal plane of the first lens group.
9. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 7, wherein: the two-dimensional vibrating mirror is arranged near the first diaphragm.
10. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the second lens group comprises a second plano-convex lens, a first meniscus lens, a second biconvex lens and a third biconvex lens.
11. The dual paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein:
the focal length range of the second plano-convex lens is more than 10mm and is within 50mm;
the focal length range of the first meniscus lens is more than 50mm and is within 100 mm;
the focal length range of the second biconvex lens is more than 100mm and is within 150 mm;
the focal length of the third biconvex lens is within 10 mm-50 mm.
12. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the included angle of the optical axes of the first lens group and the second lens group is 90 degrees.
13. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 10, wherein:
the focal point of the first parabolic reflector is a first conjugate surface;
the first conjugate surface is conjugate with the first diaphragm;
the first conjugate surface has a hole diameter of no more than 5mm.
14. The dual parabolic confocal laser scanning fundus imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the first diaphragm is not smaller than 4mm.
15. A double-paraboloid confocal laser scanning fundus imaging system is characterized in that: a fundus imaging apparatus comprising a dual parabolic confocal laser scanning according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the amplitude of vibration of the two-dimensional vibrating mirror being no greater than 20 °.
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