CN116633323A - Response characteristic calibration method and system of high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology - Google Patents
Response characteristic calibration method and system of high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法,属于涉及高速数字信号处理技术领域;该方法包括:其特征在于,包括以下步骤:通过激光产生超快脉冲信号x(t);通过高速数字采集系统测量超快脉冲信号x(t),得到获得时域测量结果y(t);根据超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t),解算出高速数字采集系统的频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性;根据频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性构成响应特性。本发明还包括一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准系统。本发明通过飞秒激光激励半导体材料产生超快脉冲信号,用于校准高速数字采集系统的响应特性,使其能够准确通过反卷积方法描述被测信号。
The invention discloses a method for calibrating the response characteristics of a high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology, which belongs to the technical field of high-speed digital signal processing; the method includes: it is characterized in that it includes the following steps: generating an ultrafast pulse signal x(t) by laser ;Use the high-speed digital acquisition system to measure the ultra-fast pulse signal x(t), and obtain the time-domain measurement result y(t); according to the ultra-fast pulse signal x(t) and the time-domain measurement result y(t), solve the high-speed digital The frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic of the acquisition system; the response characteristic is formed according to the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic. The invention also includes a high-speed digital acquisition system response characteristic calibration system based on photoconductive technology. The invention uses femtosecond laser to excite semiconductor material to generate ultrafast pulse signal, which is used to calibrate the response characteristic of high-speed digital acquisition system, so that it can accurately describe the measured signal through deconvolution method.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高速数字信号处理技术领域,具体包括一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法。The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed digital signal processing, and specifically includes a method for calibrating response characteristics of a high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology.
背景技术Background technique
高速数字采集系统通常包括数字实时示波器、数字取样示波器、高速数据采集卡、通信信号分析仪等。其响应特性包括时域响应和频域响应,时域响应主要指系统的冲激响应,通常采用冲激响应波形的上升时间或下降时间参数来表征;频域响应包括幅度-频率响应(幅频响应)和相位-频率响应(相频响应),通常采用幅频响应的3dB指标来表征系统带宽。High-speed digital acquisition systems usually include digital real-time oscilloscopes, digital sampling oscilloscopes, high-speed data acquisition cards, and communication signal analyzers. Its response characteristics include time domain response and frequency domain response. The time domain response mainly refers to the impulse response of the system, which is usually characterized by the rise time or fall time parameter of the impulse response waveform; the frequency domain response includes the amplitude-frequency response (amplitude-frequency Response) and phase-frequency response (phase-frequency response), the 3dB index of amplitude-frequency response is usually used to characterize the system bandwidth.
一、高速数字采集系统及其响应特性:1. High-speed digital acquisition system and its response characteristics:
高速数字采集系统用于采集、分析高速传输的信号,具有频带宽度宽、采样率高等特点,在军事、航天、航空、铁路、机械等诸多行业有着广泛应用。典型的高速数字采集系统包括:宽带示波器(宽带取样示波器、宽带实时示波器)、高速数据采集卡、通信信号分析仪等。目前的高速数字采集系统带宽可达百吉赫兹量级。The high-speed digital acquisition system is used to collect and analyze high-speed transmission signals. It has the characteristics of wide frequency bandwidth and high sampling rate. It is widely used in military, aerospace, aviation, railway, machinery and many other industries. Typical high-speed digital acquisition systems include: broadband oscilloscopes (broadband sampling oscilloscopes, broadband real-time oscilloscopes), high-speed data acquisition cards, communication signal analyzers, etc. The bandwidth of the current high-speed digital acquisition system can reach the order of hundreds of gigahertz.
高速信号通常由大带宽数字采集系统测量,为了提高系统响应测量精度,需要高速数字采集系统的带宽达到被测信号带宽的3倍以上。当满足3倍带宽条件时,测量结果中由高速数字采集系统引入的测量误差可以忽略。但随着超高速、超宽带电子信息技术的发展,传输信号的带宽不断提高,高速数字采集系统的带宽较难再达到3倍关系测量条件,其产生的误差将严重影响测量结果的准确性。为了突破测量带宽不足导致测量精度降低的技术瓶颈,数字反卷积技术被应用于测量结果的修正,从而实现系统响应函数的高精度计算。High-speed signals are usually measured by a large-bandwidth digital acquisition system. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the system response, the bandwidth of the high-speed digital acquisition system needs to be more than three times the bandwidth of the measured signal. When the 3 times bandwidth condition is satisfied, the measurement error introduced by the high-speed digital acquisition system in the measurement result can be ignored. However, with the development of ultra-high-speed and ultra-wideband electronic information technology, the bandwidth of transmission signals continues to increase, and it is difficult for the bandwidth of high-speed digital acquisition systems to reach the measurement conditions of 3 times the relationship, and the errors generated will seriously affect the accuracy of measurement results. In order to break through the technical bottleneck of low measurement accuracy due to insufficient measurement bandwidth, digital deconvolution technology is applied to the correction of measurement results, so as to achieve high-precision calculation of system response functions.
二、高速数字采集系统响应特性校准:2. Calibration of response characteristics of high-speed digital acquisition system:
高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法主要包括3种:标准脉冲法、NTN(Nose-to-nose)法和超快脉冲反卷积法。There are three main methods for calibrating the response characteristics of high-speed digital acquisition systems: standard pulse method, NTN (Nose-to-nose) method and ultrafast pulse deconvolution method.
(1)标准脉冲法(1) Standard pulse method
标准脉冲法是用已知上升时间优于被测高速数字采集系统瞬态响应时间3倍以上的标准脉冲源,产生标准脉冲信号,由高速数字采集系统测量此脉冲信号的上升时间作为时域响应特性。用扫频法测量高速数字采集系统的幅频响应作为频域响应特性。该方法也具有一定的局限性:The standard pulse method is to use a standard pulse source whose rise time is more than 3 times higher than the transient response time of the high-speed digital acquisition system under test to generate a standard pulse signal, and the high-speed digital acquisition system measures the rise time of this pulse signal as the time domain response characteristic. The magnitude-frequency response of the high-speed digital acquisition system is measured by frequency sweep method as the frequency domain response characteristic. This method also has certain limitations:
当高速数字采集系统带宽达到30GHz以上时,上升时间优于3倍以上的标准脉冲源较难实现,市面在售设备较少;When the bandwidth of the high-speed digital acquisition system reaches more than 30GHz, it is difficult to realize the standard pulse source whose rise time is better than 3 times, and there are few devices on the market;
无法解算高速数字采集系统时域响应波形;Unable to solve the time-domain response waveform of the high-speed digital acquisition system;
无法获得高速数字采集系统的相频响应特性。The phase-frequency response characteristics of the high-speed digital acquisition system cannot be obtained.
(2)NTN方法(2) NTN method
在某些高速数字采集系统中(如美国Keysight的86100系列取样示波器),当直流偏置电压不为零时,会在输入端产生一个极窄的电脉冲信号。该脉冲波形正比于系统采样电路的冲激响应,称为“kick-out”脉冲。NTN方法正是利用“kick-out”脉冲特性,将三台高速数字采集系统两两对接实现三次测量,再通过反卷积计算提取出三台高速数字采集系统各自的响应函数,从而实现系统响应特性的校准。该方法具有一定的局限性:In some high-speed digital acquisition systems (such as Keysight's 86100 series sampling oscilloscopes in the United States), when the DC bias voltage is not zero, a very narrow electrical pulse signal will be generated at the input terminal. The pulse shape is proportional to the impulse response of the system sampling circuit, called "kick-out" pulse. The NTN method uses the "kick-out" pulse characteristics to connect three high-speed digital acquisition systems in pairs to achieve three measurements, and then extracts the respective response functions of the three high-speed digital acquisition systems through deconvolution calculations to achieve system response. characteristic calibration. This method has certain limitations:
只适用于美国Keysight公司生产的86100系列宽带取样示波器响应特性校准;Only applicable to the calibration of the response characteristics of the 86100 series broadband sampling oscilloscope produced by Keysight Corporation of the United States;
NTN有效性引入的不确定度较大;The uncertainty introduced by NTN validity is large;
相频响应特性校准结果离散,不稳定。The calibration results of the phase-frequency response characteristics are discrete and unstable.
能够校准的高速数字采集系统带宽有限,目前我国基于NTN方法的脉冲波形参数国家计量基准测量能力为50GHz。The bandwidth of the high-speed digital acquisition system that can be calibrated is limited. At present, my country's national metrology benchmark measurement capability of pulse waveform parameters based on the NTN method is 50GHz.
(3)超快脉冲反卷积法(3) Ultrafast pulse deconvolution method
随着光电技术的发展,飞秒激光技术的应用进一步提升了电脉冲响应速度。但即使光电技术产生的高速脉冲达到皮秒量级,对于带宽达到毫米波量级的高速数字采集系统仍然不能满足标准脉冲法的3倍要求。根据信号与系统理论,如果标准脉冲信号的波形已知,那么即使标准脉冲信号的带宽达不到被测高速数字采集系统的3倍,利用反卷积信号处理技术也可以将高速数字采集系统的冲激响应解算出来,从而得到高速数字采集系统的带宽和瞬态响应指标。超快脉冲反卷积法实现的先决条件就是标准脉冲信号的波形数据需要被高精度测量得到。With the development of optoelectronic technology, the application of femtosecond laser technology has further improved the response speed of electrical pulses. However, even if the high-speed pulses generated by optoelectronic technology reach the picosecond level, the high-speed digital acquisition system with a bandwidth of the millimeter wave level still cannot meet the three times requirement of the standard pulse method. According to the signal and system theory, if the waveform of the standard pulse signal is known, even if the bandwidth of the standard pulse signal is less than three times that of the high-speed digital acquisition system under test, the deconvolution signal processing technology can also convert the high-speed digital acquisition system The impulse response is calculated to obtain the bandwidth and transient response index of the high-speed digital acquisition system. The prerequisite for the realization of the ultrafast pulse deconvolution method is that the waveform data of the standard pulse signal needs to be measured with high precision.
三、光电导技术:3. Photoconductive technology:
当半导体材料受到光照时,由于吸收光子,引起自身载流子浓度变化,导致材料电导率发生变化,这种现象称为光电导效应。当光子能量大于半导体材料禁带宽度时,会在半导体材料中产生电子-空穴对,被激励的载流子可以在外加电场的作用下加速,产生电流,释放出电磁波。利用光电导技术可以产生超快电脉冲信号。When a semiconductor material is exposed to light, its own carrier concentration changes due to the absorption of photons, resulting in a change in the conductivity of the material. This phenomenon is called the photoconductive effect. When the photon energy is greater than the forbidden band width of the semiconductor material, electron-hole pairs will be generated in the semiconductor material, and the excited carriers can be accelerated under the action of an external electric field to generate current and release electromagnetic waves. Ultrafast electrical pulse signals can be generated using photoconductive technology.
四、标准脉冲信号的产生:4. Generation of standard pulse signal:
标准脉冲信号的产生有两种方法:电路法和光电法。There are two methods for generating standard pulse signals: circuit method and photoelectric method.
电路法是基于电路方式产生标准脉冲信号。目前能够产生较快上升(下降)时间的方式有两种,即:阶跃恢复二极管、非线性传输线压缩技术。基于阶跃恢复二极管的方式可以产生上升时间为几十皮秒到几百皮秒的超快脉冲信号。非线性传输线压缩技术可以产生下降时间为几皮秒的超快脉冲信号,信号带宽可达太赫兹量级。The circuit method is based on the circuit method to generate a standard pulse signal. At present, there are two ways to generate faster rise (fall) time, namely: step recovery diode and nonlinear transmission line compression technology. The method based on the step recovery diode can generate an ultrafast pulse signal with a rise time of tens of picoseconds to hundreds of picoseconds. Nonlinear transmission line compression technology can generate ultrafast pulse signals with a fall time of several picoseconds, and the signal bandwidth can reach the order of terahertz.
光电法是基于飞秒激光激励光电器件产生超快脉冲波形。美国NIST基于飞秒激光激励3dB带宽为100GHz的商用光电探测器,产生了超快脉冲信号。德国PTB基于飞秒激光激励低温砷化镓光导开关产生超快脉冲信号,信号带宽可达太赫兹量级。The optoelectronic method is based on femtosecond laser excitation of optoelectronic devices to generate ultrafast pulse waveforms. NIST in the United States generated ultrafast pulse signals based on femtosecond laser excitation of commercial photodetectors with a 3dB bandwidth of 100GHz. German PTB generates ultrafast pulse signals based on femtosecond laser excitation of low-temperature gallium arsenide photoconductive switches, and the signal bandwidth can reach the order of terahertz.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种能准确描述被测信号的基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for calibrating response characteristics of a high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology that can accurately describe the measured signal.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法,包括以下步骤:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for calibrating response characteristics of a high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology, comprising the following steps:
通过激光产生超快脉冲信号x(t);Generate ultrafast pulse signal x(t) by laser;
通过高速数字采集系统测量超快脉冲信号x(t),得到获得时域测量结果y(t);Measure the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) through a high-speed digital acquisition system to obtain the time domain measurement result y(t);
根据超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t),解算出频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性;According to the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t), the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic are calculated;
根据频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性构成响应特性。The response characteristic is formed according to the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic.
优选地,根据超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t),解算出频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性,具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, according to the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t), the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic are solved, specifically including the following steps:
对超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t)进行傅里叶变换和反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω);Perform Fourier transform and deconvolution processing on the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω);
对频域响应特性H(jω)进行反傅里叶变换和积分运算,获得时域响应特性。Inverse Fourier transform and integral operation are performed on the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) to obtain the time domain response characteristic.
优选地,对超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t)进行傅里叶变换和反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω),具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, Fourier transform and deconvolution processing are performed on the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω), which specifically includes the following steps:
对超快脉冲信号x(t)进行傅里叶变换,获得第一频域结果X(jω);Perform Fourier transform on the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) to obtain the first frequency domain result X(jω);
对时域测量结果y(t)进行傅里叶变换,获得第二频域结果Y(jω);Carry out Fourier transform to the time domain measurement result y(t), obtain the second frequency domain result Y(jω);
对第一频域结果X(jω)和第二频域结果Y(jω)进行反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω)。Perform deconvolution processing on the first frequency domain result X(jω) and the second frequency domain result Y(jω) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω).
优选地,对频域响应特性H(jω)进行反傅里叶变换和积分运算,获得时域响应特性,具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, inverse Fourier transform and integral operation are carried out to frequency domain response characteristic H (jω), obtain time domain response characteristic, specifically comprise the following steps:
对频域响应特性H(jω)进行反傅里叶变换,获得冲激响应h(t);Inverse Fourier transform is performed on the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) to obtain the impulse response h(t);
对冲激响应h(t)进行积分运算,获得阶跃响应s(t);Integrate the impulse response h(t) to obtain the step response s(t);
根据冲激响应h(t)和阶跃响应s(t),获得时域响应特性。According to the impulse response h(t) and the step response s(t), the time domain response characteristics are obtained.
优选地,根据冲激响应h(t)和阶跃响应s(t),获得时域响应特性,具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, according to the impulse response h(t) and the step response s(t), the time-domain response characteristics are obtained, which specifically includes the following steps:
根据冲激响应h(t)和阶跃响应s(t)的上升/下降时间构成了时域响应特性。The time-domain response characteristic is constituted according to the rise/fall time of the impulse response h(t) and the step response s(t).
优选地,对第一频域结果X(jω)和第二频域结果Y(jω)进行反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω),具体计算公式为:Preferably, deconvolution processing is performed on the first frequency domain result X(jω) and the second frequency domain result Y(jω) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω), and the specific calculation formula is:
H(jω)=Y(jω)/X(jω)H(jω)=Y(jω)/X(jω)
其中:|H(ω)|是高速数字采集系统的幅度-频率响应特性,是高速数字采集系统的相位-频率响应特性。Where: |H(ω)| is the amplitude-frequency response characteristic of the high-speed digital acquisition system, It is the phase-frequency response characteristic of the high-speed digital acquisition system.
优选地,通过激光产生超快脉冲信号x(t),具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) is generated by laser, which specifically includes the following steps:
通过飞秒激光激励半导体材料产生超快脉冲信号。Ultrafast pulse signals are generated by exciting semiconductor materials with femtosecond lasers.
优选地,所述激光为飞秒激光。Preferably, the laser is a femtosecond laser.
本发明还提供一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准系统,包括:The present invention also provides a high-speed digital acquisition system response characteristic calibration system based on photoconductive technology, including:
超快脉冲信号生成模块,用于通过激光产生超快脉冲信号x(t);An ultrafast pulse signal generation module, used to generate an ultrafast pulse signal x(t) by laser;
时域测量模块,用于通过高速数字采集系统测量超快脉冲信号x(t),得到获得时域测量结果y(t);The time-domain measurement module is used to measure the ultra-fast pulse signal x(t) through the high-speed digital acquisition system to obtain the time-domain measurement result y(t);
特性解算模块,用于根据超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t),解算出频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性;The characteristic calculation module is used to calculate the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic according to the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t);
响应特性构建模块,用于根据频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性构成响应特性。The response characteristic construction module is used for constructing the response characteristic according to the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
本发明通过飞秒激光激励半导体材料产生超快脉冲信号,该信号拥有太赫兹量级的带宽,用于校准高速数字采集系统的响应特性,使其能够准确的通过反卷积方法描述被测信号。The invention uses femtosecond laser to excite the semiconductor material to generate an ultrafast pulse signal, which has a bandwidth of terahertz order, and is used to calibrate the response characteristics of the high-speed digital acquisition system, so that it can accurately describe the measured signal through the deconvolution method .
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是实施例1中快脉冲信号产生、高速数字采集系统响应特性校准的数据采集与数据处理流程示意图;Fig. 1 is the data acquisition and the data processing flow schematic diagram of fast pulse signal generation, high-speed digital acquisition system response characteristic calibration in embodiment 1;
图2是光电导芯片的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of photoconductive chip;
图3是传输线的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission line;
图4是本发明一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法的流程示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for calibrating response characteristics of a high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described here, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementations disclosed below.
在本说明书一个或多个实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的,而非旨在限制本说明书一个或多个实施例。在本说明书一个或多个实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式,除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解,本说明书一个或多个实施例中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。Terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and are not intended to limit one or more embodiments of this specification. As used in one or more embodiments of this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "the", and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" used in one or more embodiments of the present specification refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.
应当理解,尽管在本说明书一个或多个实施例中可能采用术语第一、第二等来描述各种信息,但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如,在不脱离本说明书一个或多个实施例范围的情况下,第一也可以被称为第二,类似地,第二也可以被称为第一。取决于语境,如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”。It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of the present specification, the information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, the first may also be referred to as the second, and similarly, the second may also be referred to as the first without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present specification. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at" or "when" or "in response to a determination."
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述:Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
如图4所示,本发明提供一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figure 4, the present invention provides a method for calibrating response characteristics of a high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology, comprising the following steps:
通过激光产生超快脉冲信号x(t);Generate ultrafast pulse signal x(t) by laser;
通过高速数字采集系统测量超快脉冲信号x(t),得到获得时域测量结果y(t);Measure the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) through a high-speed digital acquisition system to obtain the time domain measurement result y(t);
根据超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t),解算出频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性;According to the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t), the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic are calculated;
根据频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性构成响应特性。The response characteristic is formed according to the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic.
优选地,根据超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t),解算出频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性,具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, according to the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t), the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic are solved, specifically including the following steps:
对超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t)进行傅里叶变换和反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω);Perform Fourier transform and deconvolution processing on the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω);
对频域响应特性H(jω)进行反傅里叶变换和积分运算,获得时域响应特性。Inverse Fourier transform and integral operation are performed on the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) to obtain the time domain response characteristic.
优选地,对超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t)进行傅里叶变换和反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω),具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, Fourier transform and deconvolution processing are performed on the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω), which specifically includes the following steps:
对超快脉冲信号x(t)进行傅里叶变换,获得第一频域结果X(jω);Perform Fourier transform on the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) to obtain the first frequency domain result X(jω);
对时域测量结果y(t)进行傅里叶变换,获得第二频域结果Y(jω);Carry out Fourier transform to the time domain measurement result y(t), obtain the second frequency domain result Y(jω);
对第一频域结果X(jω)和第二频域结果Y(jω)进行反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω)。Perform deconvolution processing on the first frequency domain result X(jω) and the second frequency domain result Y(jω) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω).
优选地,对频域响应特性H(jω)进行反傅里叶变换和积分运算,获得时域响应特性,具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, inverse Fourier transform and integral operation are carried out to frequency domain response characteristic H (jω), obtain time domain response characteristic, specifically comprise the following steps:
对频域响应特性H(jω)进行反傅里叶变换,获得冲激响应h(t);Inverse Fourier transform is performed on the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) to obtain the impulse response h(t);
对冲激响应h(t)进行积分运算,获得阶跃响应s(t);Integrate the impulse response h(t) to obtain the step response s(t);
根据冲激响应h(t)和阶跃响应s(t),获得时域响应特性。According to the impulse response h(t) and the step response s(t), the time domain response characteristics are obtained.
优选地,根据冲激响应h(t)和阶跃响应s(t),获得时域响应特性,具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, according to the impulse response h(t) and the step response s(t), the time-domain response characteristics are obtained, which specifically includes the following steps:
根据冲激响应h(t)和阶跃响应s(t)的上升/下降时间构成了时域响应特性。The time-domain response characteristic is constituted according to the rise/fall time of the impulse response h(t) and the step response s(t).
优选地,对第一频域结果X(jω)和第二频域结果Y(jω)进行反卷积处理,获得频域响应特性H(jω),具体计算公式为:Preferably, deconvolution processing is performed on the first frequency domain result X(jω) and the second frequency domain result Y(jω) to obtain the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω), and the specific calculation formula is:
H(jω)=Y(jω)/X(jω)H(jω)=Y(jω)/X(jω)
其中:|H(ω)|是高速数字采集系统的幅度-频率响应特性,是高速数字采集系统的相位-频率响应特性。Where: |H(ω)| is the amplitude-frequency response characteristic of the high-speed digital acquisition system, It is the phase-frequency response characteristic of the high-speed digital acquisition system.
优选地,通过激光产生超快脉冲信号x(t),具体包括以下步骤:Preferably, the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) is generated by laser, which specifically includes the following steps:
通过飞秒激光激励半导体材料产生超快脉冲信号x(t)。The semiconductor material is excited by a femtosecond laser to generate an ultrafast pulse signal x(t).
优选地,所述激光为飞秒激光。Preferably, the laser is a femtosecond laser.
本发明还提供一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准系统,包括:The present invention also provides a high-speed digital acquisition system response characteristic calibration system based on photoconductive technology, including:
超快脉冲信号生成模块,用于通过激光产生超快脉冲信号x(t);An ultrafast pulse signal generation module, used to generate an ultrafast pulse signal x(t) by laser;
时域测量模块,用于通过高速数字采集系统测量超快脉冲信号x(t),得到获得时域测量结果y(t);The time-domain measurement module is used to measure the ultra-fast pulse signal x(t) through the high-speed digital acquisition system to obtain the time-domain measurement result y(t);
特性解算模块,用于根据超快脉冲信号x(t)和时域测量结果y(t),解算出频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性;The characteristic calculation module is used to calculate the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic according to the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) and the time domain measurement result y(t);
响应特性构建模块,用于根据频域响应特性H(jω)和时域响应特性构成响应特性。The response characteristic construction module is used for constructing the response characteristic according to the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) and the time domain response characteristic.
为了更好的说明本发明的技术效果,本发明提供如下具体实施例说明上述技术流程:In order to better illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the present invention provides the following specific examples to illustrate the above technical process:
实施例1、一种基于光电导技术高速数字采集系统响应特性校准方法:Embodiment 1. A method for calibrating response characteristics of a high-speed digital acquisition system based on photoconductive technology:
本发明主要包括:超快脉冲信号产生、高速数字采集系统响应特性校准的数据采集与数据处理,如图1所示。The present invention mainly includes: ultrafast pulse signal generation, data acquisition and data processing of high-speed digital acquisition system response characteristic calibration, as shown in FIG. 1 .
超快脉冲信号基于光电导技术产生,光电导技术的核心是光电导芯片。光电导芯片由半导体材料和传输线构成,飞秒激光激励半导体材料,由于光电导效应的存在,产生超快脉冲信号。超快脉冲信号通过光电导芯片传输线耦合进入高速数字采集系统。高速数字采集系统完成对超快脉冲信号的数据采集。基于光电导技术产生的超快脉冲信号和高速数字采集系统测量得到的结果,通过数据处理获得高速数字采集系统响应特性。数据处理包括:傅里叶变换、反卷积方法、反傅里叶变换、积分运算等。The ultrafast pulse signal is generated based on photoconductive technology, and the core of photoconductive technology is the photoconductive chip. The photoconductive chip is composed of a semiconductor material and a transmission line. The femtosecond laser excites the semiconductor material, and due to the existence of the photoconductive effect, an ultrafast pulse signal is generated. The ultra-fast pulse signal is coupled into the high-speed digital acquisition system through the transmission line of the photoconductive chip. The high-speed digital acquisition system completes the data acquisition of the ultra-fast pulse signal. Based on the ultra-fast pulse signal generated by the photoconductive technology and the measurement results of the high-speed digital acquisition system, the response characteristics of the high-speed digital acquisition system are obtained through data processing. Data processing includes: Fourier transform, deconvolution method, inverse Fourier transform, integral operation, etc.
一、超快脉冲信号产生:1. Ultrafast pulse signal generation:
超快脉冲波形由飞秒激光激励半导体材料产生。半导体材料包含在制备的光电导芯片中,光电导芯片包括三个部分:基底部分、光电导部分、信号传输部分,如图2所示。其中,光电导部分受到飞秒激光激励产生超快脉冲信号,该信号由信号传输部分传输。Ultrafast pulse waveforms are generated by exciting semiconductor materials with femtosecond lasers. The semiconductor material is included in the prepared photoconductive chip, and the photoconductive chip includes three parts: a base part, a photoconductive part, and a signal transmission part, as shown in FIG. 2 . Wherein, the photoconductive part is excited by the femtosecond laser to generate an ultrafast pulse signal, and the signal is transmitted by the signal transmission part.
1)光电导芯片设计与制备:1) Design and fabrication of photoconductive chip:
信号传输部分由传输线构成,传输线材料为金,传输线结构如图3所示,其中,地线宽度≥100μm,信号线宽度≥20μm,光电导间隙≥10μm(飞秒激光通过光电导间隙加载到光电导部分),信号线与地线间距≥15μm,传输线长度≥500μm,传输线厚度≥0.5μm。The signal transmission part is composed of a transmission line, and the material of the transmission line is gold. The transmission line structure is shown in Figure 3, in which, the width of the ground line is ≥100 μm, the width of the signal line is ≥20 μm, and the photoconductive gap is ≥10 μm (the femtosecond laser is loaded into the photoelectric through the photoconductive gap. Guide part), the distance between the signal line and the ground line is ≥15μm, the length of the transmission line is ≥500μm, and the thickness of the transmission line is ≥0.5μm.
光电导部分厚度≥1μm,光电导部分为低温砷化镓晶体,生长温度为200℃~300℃。The thickness of the photoconductive part is more than or equal to 1 μm, and the photoconductive part is a low-temperature gallium arsenide crystal, and the growth temperature is 200° C. to 300° C.
基底部分厚度≥300μm,基底部分材料为半绝缘砷化镓晶体。The thickness of the base part is greater than or equal to 300 μm, and the material of the base part is semi-insulating gallium arsenide crystal.
2)激光选择:2) Laser selection:
激光用于激励半导体材料产生超快脉冲波形。激光采用飞秒激光,激光脉冲宽度≤100fs,激光波长800nm~900nm,激光输出功率200mW~400mW。Lasers are used to excite semiconductor materials to produce ultrafast pulse waveforms. The laser adopts femtosecond laser, the laser pulse width is ≤100fs, the laser wavelength is 800nm-900nm, and the laser output power is 200mW-400mW.
二、高速数字采集系统响应特性校准:2. Calibration of response characteristics of high-speed digital acquisition system:
超快脉冲信号x(t)通过光电导芯片的传输线耦合进入高速数字采集系统,由高速数字采集系统采集,获得时域测量结果y(t)。The ultrafast pulse signal x(t) is coupled into the high-speed digital acquisition system through the transmission line of the photoconductive chip, collected by the high-speed digital acquisition system, and the time domain measurement result y(t) is obtained.
由以下步骤获得高速数字采集系统的响应特性:The response characteristics of the high-speed digital acquisition system are obtained by the following steps:
1)对超快脉冲信号x(t)进行傅里叶变换,获得第一频域结果X(jω);1) Perform Fourier transform on the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) to obtain the first frequency domain result X(jω);
2)通过高速数字采集系统测量超快脉冲信号x(t),得到获得时域测量结果y(t);对高速数字采集系统测得结果y(t)进行傅里叶变换,获得第二频域结果Y(jω);2) Measure the ultrafast pulse signal x(t) through the high-speed digital acquisition system to obtain the time-domain measurement result y(t); perform Fourier transform on the measured result y(t) of the high-speed digital acquisition system to obtain the second frequency domain result Y(jω);
3)基于第一频域结果X(jω)和第二频域结果Y(jω),通过反卷积方法获得高速数字采集系统的频域响应特性H(jω):3) Based on the first frequency domain result X(jω) and the second frequency domain result Y(jω), the frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) of the high-speed digital acquisition system is obtained by the deconvolution method:
H(jω)=Y(jω)/X(jω)H(jω)=Y(jω)/X(jω)
其中:in:
|H(ω)|是高速数字采集系统的幅度-频率响应特性,是高速数字采集系统的相位-频率响应特性;|H(ω)| is the amplitude-frequency response characteristic of the high-speed digital acquisition system, is the phase-frequency response characteristic of the high-speed digital acquisition system;
4)高速数字采集系统的频域响应特性H(jω),通过反傅里叶变换方法获得高速数字采集系统的冲激响应h(t);4) The frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) of the high-speed digital acquisition system, the impulse response h(t) of the high-speed digital acquisition system is obtained through the inverse Fourier transform method;
5)对冲激响应h(t)进行积分运算,可以获得高速数字采集系统的阶跃响应s(t);5) Integrating the impulse response h(t), the step response s(t) of the high-speed digital acquisition system can be obtained;
6)冲激响应h(t)和阶跃响应s(t)的上升/下降时间构成了高速数字采集系统的时域响应特性;6) The rise/fall times of the impulse response h(t) and the step response s(t) constitute the time-domain response characteristics of the high-speed digital acquisition system;
7)步骤3)中的频域响应特性H(jω)和步骤6)中的时域响应特性构成了高速数字采集系统的响应特性。7) The frequency domain response characteristic H(jω) in step 3) and the time domain response characteristic in step 6) constitute the response characteristic of the high-speed digital acquisition system.
在本发明所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述模块、模组或单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元、模组或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the modules, modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units , modules or components may be combined or may be integrated into another device, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented.
所述单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units may or may not be physically separated, and a component displayed as a unit may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, it may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
另外,在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
特别地,根据本发明公开的实施例,上文参考流程图描述的过程可以被实现为计算机软件程序。例如,本公开的实施例包括一种计算机程序产品,其包括承载在计算机可读介质上的计算机程序,该计算机程序包含用于执行流程图所示的方法的程序代码。在这样的实施例中,该计算机程序可以通过通信部分从网络上被下载和安装,和/或从可拆卸介质被安装。在该计算机程序被中央处理单元(CPU)执行时,执行本发明的方法中限定的上述功能。需要说明的是,本发明上述的计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或者计算机可读存储介质或者是上述两者的任意组合。计算机可读存储介质例如可以是但不限于电、磁、光、电磁、红外线段、或半导体的系统、装置或器件,或者任意以上的组合。In particular, according to the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, where the computer program includes program codes for executing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via the communication part, and/or installed from a removable medium. When the computer program is executed by a central processing unit (CPU), the above-mentioned functions defined in the method of the present invention are performed. It should be noted that the computer-readable medium mentioned above in the present invention may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium or any combination of the two. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any combination thereof.
附图中的流程图和框图,图示了按照本发明各种实施例的系统、方法和计算机程序产品的可能实现的体系架构、功能和操作。在这点上,流程图或框图中的每个方框可以代表一个模块、程序段、或代码的一部分,该模块、程序段、或代码的一部分包含一个或多个用于实现规定的逻辑功能的可执行指令。也应当注意,在有些作为替换的实现中,方框中所标注的功能也可以以不同于附图中所标注的顺序发生。例如,两个接连地表示的方框实际上可以基本并行地执行,它们有时也可以按相反的顺序执行,这依所涉及的功能而定。也要注意的是,框图和/或流程图中的每个方框、以及框图和/或流程图中的方框的组合,可以用执行规定的功能或操作的专用的基于硬件的系统来实现,或者可以用专用硬件与计算机指令的组合来实现。The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, program segment, or portion of code that contains one or more logical functions for implementing specified executable instructions. It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It should also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified functions or operations , or may be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何在本发明揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention . Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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