CN116633264A - Photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system and method considering deposition rate - Google Patents
Photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system and method considering deposition rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system and method considering the deposition sedimentation rate, comprising a particle size sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a millisecond timer, a photovoltaic panel, an angle adjustable bracket, a voltage/current sensor, an irradiance sensor, an angle sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, a thermal imaging sensor, a multipath data acquisition card, a 433Mhz wireless transceiver module and a PC host. By adopting the technical scheme, the influence that the accumulated ash cannot be quantized by the traditional photovoltaic energy efficiency analysis method is overcome, a more accurate loss result can be obtained, and the energy efficiency loss of the photovoltaic panel caused by accumulated ash sedimentation is quantized independently.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system and method considering the deposition sedimentation rate.
Background
The construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system is actively carried out in China, and photovoltaic power generation is taken as an important component of new energy power generation. The development of the photovoltaic industry is greatly limited by the difficulty of the operation and maintenance end of the photovoltaic power generation while the photovoltaic power generation rapidly develops. The problem of dust accumulation of the photovoltaic panel is always a main factor influencing the output of the photovoltaic power station, the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic panel influences the light irradiation, heat dissipation and service life of a photovoltaic module, uniform shielding, partial shielding, hot spots and the like are easy to form, especially the dust accumulation is combined with adhesive substances in the environment to form dirt which is difficult to clean, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is seriously influenced, the operation and maintenance cost is increased, and the service life of the photovoltaic panel is reduced. It was counted that depositing dust for 45 days reduced the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell from 16% to 8%. However, the output performance loss of the photovoltaic system caused by the dust accumulation is not clear so far, and the electrical parameter performance is often influenced by coupling of various factors, so that the quantitative analysis is difficult and the development requirement of intelligent operation and maintenance cannot be met. Operation experience shows that a simple, safe and accurate photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis method is needed, and a scientific means for quick monitoring and field evaluation is provided for field operation and maintenance personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system and method considering the deposition rate, which overcome the defect that the traditional photovoltaic energy efficiency analysis method cannot quantify the influence of deposition, and can realize the loss of the output performance of a decoupling photovoltaic panel caused by deposition by means of electric and environmental data collected on a photovoltaic site, and can obtain more accurate loss results compared with the traditional performance comparison method or optical detection method, thereby realizing the independent quantification of the energy efficiency loss of the photovoltaic panel caused by deposition.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system considering the dust deposition sedimentation rate comprises a particle size sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a millisecond timer, a photovoltaic panel, an angle adjustable bracket, a voltage/current sensor, an irradiance sensor, an angle sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, a thermal imaging sensor, a multipath data acquisition card, a 433Mhz wireless transceiver module and a PC host; wherein,,
the photovoltaic panel is fixedly arranged on the angle-adjustable bracket, and the angle sensor is arranged on the frame of the photovoltaic panel in parallel and is used for measuring the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time; the particle size sensor, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the millisecond timer, the voltage/current sensor, the irradiance sensor, the angle sensor, the ambient temperature sensor and the thermal imaging sensor are used for encoding acquired real-time data and time through a multi-path data acquisition card; the 433Mhz wireless transceiver module uploads the coding result to the PC host for decoding to obtain real-time photovoltaic field dust particle characteristics, environment and meteorological data.
Preferably, the thermal imaging sensor is arranged right in front of the photovoltaic panel, so that the field of view of the thermal imaging sensor collects all panel positions of the photovoltaic panel.
Preferably, the voltage/current sensor is connected with the photovoltaic panel and is used for collecting the voltage and current output by the photovoltaic panel in real time.
Preferably, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the irradiance sensor and the environmental temperature sensor are provided with equal sampling interval time, and are connected with the multi-path data acquisition card and the electrical data to form a second-level data set matrix.
The invention also provides a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis method considering the deposition sedimentation rate, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating wind-sand two-phase fluid mechanics simulation data around a photovoltaic panel;
s2, obtaining the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width grain size range according to the wind-sand two-phase fluid mechanics simulation data around the photovoltaic panel,
and S3, obtaining the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel with the filter ash sedimentation rate according to the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width particle size range.
Preferably, step S1 uses real-time collection of particle size, temperature, wind speed and wind direction parameters to obtain the relationship between dust particle size and wind speed and sedimentation rate in the range of 0-300 μm.
Preferably, in step S2, the relationship between the dust particle size and the wind speed and the sedimentation rate obtained by the simulation result in step S1 are used to obtain a quantitative relationship conforming to the normal distribution by fitting.
Preferably, step S3 includes:
obtaining a relation model between the accumulated ash and the energy conversion efficiency according to the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width particle size range;
and obtaining the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel with the filter dust sedimentation rate according to a relation model between the filter dust and the energy conversion efficiency.
According to the invention, by means of electrical and environmental data collected by a photovoltaic field, simple simulation and data modeling are carried out, loss of output performance of the decoupling photovoltaic panel due to dust accumulation can be realized, and compared with a traditional performance comparison method or an optical detection method, a more accurate loss result can be obtained, and important guiding significance is provided for intelligent operation and maintenance development of a power station. The method comprises the steps of firstly installing two photovoltaic plates with the same specification and the same batch of factory leaving factory on an outdoor angle-adjustable bracket, setting up and comparing clean photovoltaic plates, secondly collecting parameters such as particle size, temperature, wind speed, wind direction and the like by using a sensor, inputting collected dust particle characteristics, environment and meteorological data of a photovoltaic site into Fluent software through a user-defined function (User Define Function, UDF), then carrying out wind sand two-phase fluid mechanics calculation simulation around the photovoltaic plates by using an Euler-Lagrange method, establishing a relation model of the sedimentation rate in a width particle size range according to dust particle size, wind speed and sedimentation rate obtained by simulation results, and finally combining a synchronously collected time, voltage, current, irradiance, environmental temperature and plate temperature to establish a model to obtain the relation between the accumulated dust concentration and energy conversion efficiency. The invention can decouple the output performance loss factor of the photovoltaic panel, separately quantize the energy efficiency loss of the photovoltaic panel caused by dust deposition and sedimentation, has more accurate loss result compared with the traditional performance comparison method or optical detection method, and can provide reliable data support for cleaning operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic system.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments are briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art;
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system taking into account the deposition rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulated calculation domain diagram of a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis method considering the deposition rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a settling volume verification chart of a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis method considering the deposition settling rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the device comprises a 1-particle size sensor, a 2-wind speed sensor, a 3-wind direction sensor, a 4-millisecond timer, a 5-photovoltaic panel, a 6-angle adjustable bracket, a 7-voltage/current sensor, an 8-irradiance sensor, a 9-angle sensor, a 10-environment temperature sensor, an 11-thermal imaging sensor, a 12-multipath data acquisition card, a 13-433Mhz wireless transceiver module and a 14-PC host.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system considering the deposition and sedimentation rate, which comprises a particle size sensor 1, a wind speed sensor 2, a wind direction sensor 3, a millisecond timer 4, a photovoltaic panel 5, an angle adjustable bracket 6, a voltage/current sensor 7, an irradiance sensor 8, an angle sensor 9, an ambient temperature sensor 10, a thermal imaging sensor 11, a multipath data acquisition card 12, a 433Mhz wireless transceiver module 13 and a PC host 14. The photovoltaic panel 5 is fixedly arranged on the angle-adjustable bracket 6, the angle sensor 9 is arranged on the frame of the photovoltaic panel 5 in parallel, and the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel 5 can be measured in real time. The thermal imaging sensor 11 is arranged right in front of the photovoltaic panel 5, so that the field of view of the thermal imaging sensor 11 can collect all panel positions of the photovoltaic panel 5. The voltage/current sensor 7 is connected with the photovoltaic panel 5, and can collect the voltage and current output by the photovoltaic panel 5 in real time. The particle size sensor 1, the wind speed sensor 2, the wind direction sensor 3, the millisecond timer 4, the voltage/current sensor 7, the irradiance sensor 8, the angle sensor 9, the ambient temperature sensor 10 and the thermal imaging sensor 11 are used for encoding the acquired real-time data and time through the multipath data acquisition card 12. The 433Mhz wireless transceiver module 13 uploads the encoding result to the PC host 14 for decoding, and real-time photovoltaic field dust particle characteristics, environment and meteorological data are obtained.
As an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, two photovoltaic panels 5 need to be installed on the angle-adjustable support 6, one photovoltaic panel is kept clean, and the other photovoltaic panel is used for dust accumulation monitoring and is arranged at an angle of 45 °. The thermal imaging sensor 11 sets a sampling interval of 1s, and the voltage/current sensor 7 sets a sampling interval of 500ms, so as to obtain performance parameters (average board temperature, voltage, current, etc.) of the two photovoltaic boards 5. The particle size sensor 1 sets the sampling interval to be 1s, and the dust particle size parameter above the photovoltaic panel 5 is obtained. The wind speed sensor 2, the wind direction sensor 3, the irradiance sensor 8 and the environmental temperature sensor 10 are provided with equal sampling interval time, and are connected with the multi-path data acquisition card 12 and the electrical data to form a second-level data set matrix.
Example 2:
the embodiment of the invention also provides a photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis method considering the deposition and sedimentation rate, which comprises the following steps of
S1, calculating wind-sand two-phase fluid mechanics simulation data around a photovoltaic panel;
s2, obtaining the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width grain size range according to the wind-sand two-phase fluid mechanics simulation data around the photovoltaic panel,
and S3, obtaining the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel with the filter ash sedimentation rate according to the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width particle size range.
As an implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention, the step S1 acquires the relation between the particle size of dust particles in the range of 0-300 mu m and the wind speed and sedimentation rate by utilizing real-time acquisition of the parameters of the particle size, temperature, wind speed and wind direction, and comprises the following steps:
s11: establishing a grid model: establishing 1:10 and surrounding space flow field physical models, performing grid division by using ICEM, and inputting the grid model into Fluent software;
s12: user-defined function (User Define Function, UDF) data importation: and constructing a matrix set by taking parameters of particle size, temperature, wind speed and wind direction of the collected particles. For example, the particle diameter at the nth time is recorded in the acquired data at 1s intervalsTemperature->Wind speed->Wind direction χ n . The arrangement is as follows:
the collected dust particle characteristics, environment and meteorological data of the photovoltaic site are input into Fluent software through UDF, and a simulation calculation domain is shown in figure 2.
S13: parameter setting and solving strategies: and setting boundary conditions of the model, and performing simulation calculation on turbulent flow velocity, pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and particle track around the photovoltaic panel by adopting a repairable k-epsilon model and a DPM model. And respectively solving a fluid flow equation and a particle motion equation by adopting a finite volume method and a Longer-Cookie method. A semi-implicit method of pressure correlation equations is employed to decouple the pressure field and the velocity field. In each two fluid calculations, the discrete phase is calculated once, thus obtaining an accurate particle track.
S14: obtaining the deposition rate of the deposited ash: calculating the sedimentation rate of deposited dust by using a formula within the range of 0-300 mu m of particle size and 0-3.9m/s of measured wind speed, and defining the sedimentation rate lambda of dust as follows:
wherein N is k,i N, the number of dust particles of the type i-th having an inlet particle diameter i Is the number of dust particles deposited on the photovoltaic panel.
As an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, step S2 uses the relation between the dust particle size obtained by the simulation result of step S1 and the wind speed and the sedimentation rate to fit a quantized relation conforming to normal distribution, so that the following formula is established:
wherein A is the sedimentation rate peak value coefficient, omega is the dust discrete coefficient, x c Is the average coefficient of particle size. And fitting the final result of the model according to the simulation result to obtain a correlation coefficient. And for the dust particles with different particle diameters, the dust particles belong to discrete data, and finally, a corresponding performance loss model is established for each dust particle in a combined way.
According to the simulation result, the settling volume verification chart is shown in FIG. 3, the settling rate lambda of the dust particles with the particle size of i-th type i The relationship with wind speed can be expressed uniformly as:
as one implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes:
obtaining a relation model between the accumulated ash and the energy conversion efficiency according to the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width particle size range;
and obtaining the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel with the filter dust sedimentation rate according to a relation model between the filter dust and the energy conversion efficiency.
Further, in the model of the relationship between the deposition and the energy conversion efficiency in step S3, the deposition on the surface of the photovoltaic panel is generally composed of dust particles with a plurality of different particle diameters. The mass m of dust on the photovoltaic panel can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein ρ represents the particle density, i represents the particle diameter type, V i Volume representing diameter of i-th type particle, t d Is the particle relaxation time, and T is the sampling time.
Assuming that the dust particles are spherical, the particle diameter is d i Then, the total mass m of the deposited ash t Can be expressed as:
the ash concentration on the photovoltaic panel can reflect the total mass of particles per unit area. Let the area of the photovoltaic panel be a and the soot concentration be C, the relationship between this can be expressed as:
the accumulated ash on the surface of the photovoltaic panel can influence the energy conversion efficiency, and the power output performance of the photovoltaic module is reduced. The energy conversion efficiency η of the photovoltaic panel is defined as:
wherein P is out The photovoltaic panel outputs power, U is output voltage, and I is output current. E represents the input energy from the sun and G represents irradiance per unit area.
Energy conversion efficiency η of photovoltaic panel at cleaning time clean The method comprises the following steps:
wherein delta is a temperature compensation coefficient, T p To average plate temperature, T a Is ambient temperature.
The actual conversion efficiency eta ac Can be described as:
η ac ＝η clean (1-β) (10)
let the performance decay rate beta be of the general exponential form:
β(C)＝1-e -a·C (11)
where a is the dust influence coefficient.
Then, the relation model between the deposition and the energy conversion efficiency is:
further, the average plate temperature T in the relation model between the accumulated ash and the energy conversion efficiency pi Voltage U i Current I i Irradiance G i Precipitation amount lambda i Parameters such as time T and the like are obtained through simulation results and actual collection, the sedimentation rate is considered to be within the particle size range of 0-300 mu m, and the data set is adjusted at the moment to be:
the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel considering the deposition rate is as follows:
the actual conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is calculated by using the model, and the influence of different wind speeds, particle sizes and deposition time on the energy conversion efficiency loss of the photovoltaic panel is discussed.
Further, the average plate temperature T p Obtained by acquisition and calculation of a thermal imaging sensor 11, the resolution of the thermal imaging sensor is 640 multiplied by 480, the photovoltaic panel and the background in the thermal imaging image are segmented by using an Otsu algorithm, and a segmentation threshold t is set ac The number of the data is j multiplied by k, and the set of the maximum value and the minimum value of the plate surface temperature data after being divided is taken as T pall The average plate surface temperature can be expressed as:
in summary, two photovoltaic plates with the same specification and the same batch of factory leaving are firstly arranged on an outdoor angle-adjustable bracket, the comparison and cleaning of the photovoltaic plates are arranged, parameters such as particle size, temperature, wind speed, wind direction and the like are collected by utilizing a sensor, collected dust particle characteristics, environment and meteorological data of a photovoltaic site are input into Fluent software through user-defined functions (User Define Function, UDF), euler-Lagrange method is used for carrying out two-phase fluid mechanics calculation simulation on wind sand around the photovoltaic plates, a relation model of the sedimentation rate in a width particle size range is established according to dust particle size, wind speed and sedimentation rate obtained through simulation results, and finally, a model is established by combining synchronously collected time, voltage, current, irradiance, environment temperature and plate temperature, so that the relation between the dust concentration and the energy conversion efficiency is obtained. The invention can decouple the output performance loss factor of the photovoltaic panel, separately quantize the energy efficiency loss of the photovoltaic panel caused by dust deposition and sedimentation, has more accurate loss result compared with the traditional performance comparison method or optical detection method, and can provide reliable data support for cleaning operation and maintenance of the photovoltaic system
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains are made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all modifications and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system taking the dust deposition sedimentation rate into consideration is characterized by comprising a particle size sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a millisecond timer, a photovoltaic panel, an angle adjustable bracket, a voltage/current sensor, an irradiance sensor, an angle sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, a thermal imaging sensor, a multipath data acquisition card, a 433Mhz wireless transceiver module and a PC host; wherein,,
the photovoltaic panel is fixedly arranged on the angle-adjustable bracket, and the angle sensor is arranged on the frame of the photovoltaic panel in parallel and is used for measuring the installation angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time; the particle size sensor, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the millisecond timer, the voltage/current sensor, the irradiance sensor, the angle sensor, the ambient temperature sensor and the thermal imaging sensor are used for encoding acquired real-time data and time through a multi-path data acquisition card; the 433Mhz wireless transceiver module uploads the coding result to the PC host for decoding to obtain real-time photovoltaic field dust particle characteristics, environment and meteorological data.
2. The system for analyzing the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein the thermal imaging sensor is arranged right in front of the photovoltaic panel, so that the field of view of the thermal imaging sensor is collected at all panel positions of the photovoltaic panel.
3. The system for analyzing the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, wherein the voltage/current sensor is connected with the photovoltaic panel and is used for collecting the voltage and the current output by the photovoltaic panel in real time.
4. The photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis system considering the dust deposit settling rate according to claim 3, wherein the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor, the irradiance sensor and the environmental temperature sensor are provided with equal sampling interval time, and are connected with the multi-path data acquisition card and the electrical data to form a second data set matrix.
5. The photovoltaic panel output performance loss analysis method considering the deposition rate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, calculating wind-sand two-phase fluid mechanics simulation data around a photovoltaic panel;
s2, obtaining the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width grain size range according to the wind-sand two-phase fluid mechanics simulation data around the photovoltaic panel,
and S3, obtaining the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel with the filter ash sedimentation rate according to the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width particle size range.
6. The method for analyzing the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel considering the dust deposition sedimentation rate according to claim 5, wherein in the step S1, the relation between the particle size of dust particles and the wind speed and sedimentation rate in the range of 0-300 μm is obtained by collecting the parameters of the particle size, the temperature, the wind speed and the wind direction in real time.
7. The method for analyzing the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel according to claim 6, wherein the step S2 is to fit the quantitative relation conforming to the normal distribution by using the relation between the dust particle size obtained by the simulation result of the step S1 and the wind speed and the sedimentation rate.
8. The method for analyzing the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel considering the deposition rate according to claim 7, wherein the step S3 comprises:
obtaining a relation model between the accumulated ash and the energy conversion efficiency according to the relation data of the sedimentation rate in the width particle size range;
and obtaining the output performance loss of the photovoltaic panel with the filter dust sedimentation rate according to a relation model between the filter dust and the energy conversion efficiency.
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114329983A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 东北电力大学 | Photovoltaic panel dust deposition cleaning device and method based on discrete element method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 吴丽玲: "沙漠风沙运动与太阳能发电技术的互馈机理研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑》, pages 042 - 1298 * |
| 张会: "风沙沉降对太阳能电池性能影响的实验及模拟研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅱ辑)》, pages 042 - 2038 * |
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