CN116633135A - High-gain DC-DC converter topological structure applied to distributed photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents

High-gain DC-DC converter topological structure applied to distributed photovoltaic power generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116633135A
CN116633135A CN202310456845.0A CN202310456845A CN116633135A CN 116633135 A CN116633135 A CN 116633135A CN 202310456845 A CN202310456845 A CN 202310456845A CN 116633135 A CN116633135 A CN 116633135A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
converter
voltage
power generation
inductance
gain
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Pending
Application number
CN202310456845.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王昭鸿
杨卓
胡毕华
吴明海
唐兆宏
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Xiangtan University
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Xiangtan University
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Priority to CN202310456845.0A priority Critical patent/CN116633135A/en
Publication of CN116633135A publication Critical patent/CN116633135A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a high-gain DC-DC converter suitable for a distributed photovoltaic power generation system. The topology includes three main parts: conventional active switching inductance unit (power switch S 1 And S is 2 Inductance L 1 And L 2 ) Zero input current ripple unit (L) in Capacitance C 1 ，C 4 And C 6 ) And a cascadable charge pump unit (diode D 1 ～D 5 And capacitor C 2 ～C 6 ). Because the distributed photovoltaic power generation system is greatly influenced by factors such as illumination intensity, temperature and the like, the output voltage is lower, and the requirements of photovoltaic power generation grid connection cannot be met. Therefore, the application designs the non-isolated DC-DC converter which has the characteristics of high voltage gain, wide gain range, simple control, low stress of power components, small volume, zero input current ripple and the like.

Description

High-gain DC-DC converter topological structure applied to distributed photovoltaic power generation system
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of DC-DC converters, in particular to an application scene requiring a low-power DC-DC converter, such as a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, a fuel cell and the like.
Background
In a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, a high-gain DC-DC converter is a key power electronic device responsible for boosting the DC voltage generated by a solar cell array to the DC bus voltage required by an inverter for matching with a power grid or a load. In order to achieve a high-efficiency and stable photovoltaic power generation system, precise control of the high-gain DC-DC converter is required. Based on the requirement, the patent provides a high-gain DC-DC converter topological structure suitable for a distributed photovoltaic power generation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the above-mentioned needs, the present application proposes a high-gain DC-DC converter suitable for a distributed photovoltaic power generation system. Taking basic topology as an example for specific analysis, and further providing a cascading topology structure. The topological structure has the following characteristics: high voltage gain, wide gain range, simple control, low stress of power components, small volume, zero input current ripple and the like.
When the switch tube S 1 And S is 2 Diode D when simultaneously turned on (as shown in fig. 2) 1 、D 3 And D 5 Will be turned off in reverse and diode D 2 And D 4 Then forward conduction occurs. At this time, the inductance L 1 And L 2 From input source U in Parallel charging, current i L1 And i L2 Linear increase; capacitor C 3 From input source U in And capacitor C 2 Charging in series; capacitor C 5 From capacitor C 2 、C 4 Inductance L 2 Charging in series; load and capacitor C 1 Then by the output capacitance C 4 And C 6 And (5) supplying power in series.
U L1 ＝U L2 ＝U in (2-1)
When the switchTube S 1 And S is 2 While off (as shown in FIG. 3), diode D 2 And D 4 Will be turned off in reverse and diode D 1 、D 3 And D 5 Then forward conduction occurs. At this time, the power supply U in And inductance L 1 And capacitor C 3 In series through diode D 3 Is a capacitor C 4 Charging; at the same time, power supply U in And capacitor C 5 In series through diode D 5 Is a capacitor C 6 And (5) charging. Power supply U in And capacitor C 1 And are connected in series to provide power to the load.
According to formulas (2-1) and (2-2), the inductance L 1 And L 2 The establishment of the volt-second equilibrium equation can be obtained:
from equation (2-3), the ideal gain M of the converter can be derived as:
by combining (2-4) and (3), the voltage stress of the switching tube and the switching tube S can be further deduced 1 Receiving capacitance C 3 And C 4 Common clamping action, and switching tube S 2 Capacitance C 1 ～C 3 And C 5 Common clamping action, which has the advantage that no matter what the inductance L 1 And L 2 Whether or not the inductance values of (a) are the same, U S1 And U S2 And the voltage of the switching tube is balanced all the time, so that the self-balance of the voltage of the switching tube is realized. In addition, the switch tube has lower voltage stress and can adopt smaller on-resistance R on Small switching tubes, thereby reducing conduction losses and improving the efficiency of the converter.
The voltage stress at two ends of the diode can be deduced, and the method has the advantages that the stress at two ends of the diode is low, and the diode with small forward voltage drop can be replaced, so that the purpose of reducing loss is achieved.
The voltage stress characteristics of the two ends of the capacitor can be deduced, and the voltage stress characteristics of the two ends of the capacitor are smaller, so that the capacitor with a lower withstand voltage value can be adopted. For output capacitance U C4 And U C6 Together they share the load voltage, effectively reducing the volume of the converter. At the same time U C4 And U C6 And the structure also serves as a link in a capacitance clamping structure and a zero ripple structure (shown as the formulas (2-8), 2-9) and (2-10), so that the density of components is improved.
The inductance voltage u can be deduced Lin Capacitance voltage u C1 Input voltage U in And output voltage U o The relationship between them can be expressed as:
u Lin ＝U in +u C1 -U C6 -U C4 (2-8)
for equations (2-8) are all constant during one switching cycle, so for the inductor voltage u Lin Capacitance voltage u c1 Averaging over a switching period to obtain U Lin =0, bring in formula (2-8).
U in +U C1 -U C6 -U C4 ＝0(2-9)
To facilitate problem analysis, the capacitive voltage ripple is ignored first, and the inductance L in one switching cycle is obtained according to equation (2-8) in Charging voltage u of (2) Lin+ And discharge voltage u Lin- All 0, so the converter input current ripple can be expressed as:
from the equations (2-10) and the graph (1), the input current i can be known in ＝i Lin Thus inputting the current ripple Δi Lin ＝Δi in The input current ripple is zero, which is only ideal, and when the capacitance voltage ripple is not negligible, there is still U in one switching cycle Lin From formulae (2-10), it can be seen that by a smaller L in The input current ripple approximately equal to zero can be realized, and the normal operation of equipment of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system is facilitated.
According to the current flow direction in the diagrams (2) and (3), a cascading converter is further obtained on the basis of the converter, and the basic unit is a capacitor C 5 And C 6 Diode D 4 And D 5 As shown in fig. 4.
From the graph (4) we can further derive a cascaded DC-DC converter as shown in the graph (5). When the switch tube S 1 And S is 2 Diode D when simultaneously turned on (as shown in fig. 6) 1 、D 3 、D 5 、D 2n+1 Reverse cut-off, diode D 2 、D 4 、D 6 、D 2n Forward conduction (where n is greater than or equal to 2). At this time, the capacitance C 6 Transferring electric energy to C 7 Capacitance C 8 Transferring electric energy to C 9 And so on, the effect of electric energy bootstrap is realized, and in order to avoid redundancy, analysis is not needed.
U L1 ＝U L2 ＝U in (2-11)
When the switch S 1 And S is 2 While off (as shown in FIG. 7), diode D 2 、D 4 、D 6 、D 2n Reverse cut-off, diode D 1 、D 3 、D 5 、D 2n+1 Forward conduction (where n is greater than or equal to 2. At this time, capacitor C 5 Transferring electric energy to C 6 Capacitance C 7 Transferring electric energy to C 8 . When the capacitor C 6 And C 8 Is a capacitor C 7 And C 9 During charging, the consumed electric energy is replenished. And so on, the cascaded DC-DC converter realizes high-gain output, and in order to avoid redundancy, analysis is not needed.
According to formulas (2-11) and (2-12), the inductance L 1 And L 2 The establishment of the volt-second equilibrium equation can be obtained:
from equations (2-13), the ideal gain M of the cascaded converter can be derived as:
further deriving the switching tube voltage stress, the switching tube S 1 Is capacitance C 3 And C 4 Common clamp, switch tube S 2 Is capacitance C 1 ～C 3 C 5 ～C 2n+3 And clamping together. It is characterized in that no matter what inductance L 1 And L 2 Whether or not the inductance values of (a) are the same, U S1 And U S2 Always equal, still keep the switching tube voltage self-balancing. Meanwhile, when each layer of basic units are cascaded, the switch tube S is switched on under the condition of reaching the same output voltage value 1 And S is 2 The voltage stress across the cell will instead be reduced by the number of layers in the cascade. Therefore, the design further reduces the conduction loss, increases the efficiency of the converter, and avoids the output voltage which can forcibly meet the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation requirement under the extreme duty ratio. The design makes the cascaded DC-DC converter more suitable for a distributed photovoltaic power generation system.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:
1. the application is a non-isolated DC-DC converter without isolating element (such as transformer), small volume, light weight, simple control and convenient design and installation.
2. The converter provided by the application can realize high voltage gain (more than ten times), has wide voltage gain range, avoids extreme duty ratio, has good topology extensibility and is easy to integrate.
3. The input current ripple of the converter provided by the application is zero, and the converter is friendly to the normal operation of a distributed photovoltaic power generation system.
4. The input and output of the converter provided by the application are grounded together, high-frequency harmonic noise (EMI) is reduced, and the performance is safe and stable for low-power occasions.
5. The stress at the two ends of the power component of the converter provided by the application is low, and the on-state resistance R can be replaced on The small switching tube and the diode with small forward voltage drop effectively reduce loss and increase the efficiency of the converter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a topology of a high gain DC-DC converter for a distributed photovoltaic power generation system
Fig. 2 shows a switching tube S of the converter 1 And S is 2 When conducting simultaneously, the current charge and discharge loop
Fig. 3 shows a switching tube S of the converter 1 And S is 2 When the switch is turned off, the current charge and discharge loop
FIG. 4 cascading base units
Fig. 5 topology of cascaded high gain DC-DC converter
Fig. 6 cascading converter switching tube S 1 And S is 2 When conducting simultaneously, the current charge and discharge loop
Fig. 7 cascading converter switching tube S 1 And S is 2 When the switch is turned off, the current charge and discharge loop
FIG. 8 distributed photovoltaic grid-tie intent
Detailed Description
The application provides a high-gain DC-DC converter topology applied to a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, which is characterized by high gain, wide gain range, low power component stress, high integration level, small volume, simple control and the like.
In a distributed photovoltaic power generation system (as shown in fig. 8), the output of each solar panel or panel may be connected to a separate DC-DC converter in order to increase the energy collection efficiency of the overall system. These converters boost the respective dc output voltages to the desired voltages and deliver them to the centralized inverter. An advantage of this configuration is that each solar panel or panel group is capable of achieving independent Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Although the method increases the complexity and cost of the system to a certain extent, the DC-DC converter provided by the application has the characteristics of small volume, simple structure and simple and convenient control, thereby further reducing the complexity and cost of the system.
The topology consists of three main parts: conventional active switching inductance unit (including power switch S 1 And S is 2 Inductance L 1 And L 2 ) Zero input current ripple unit (including inductance L in Capacitance C 1 、C 4 And C 6 ) And a cascadable charge pump unit (formed by diode D 1 ～D 5 Capacitor C 2～ C 6 Composition).
The solar panel or panel is connected to the direct current low voltage side of the DC-DC converter as a basic unit. A plurality of the units are connected in parallel, and the sensor is used for collecting the illumination intensity and temperature information of the solar cell panel or the group and feeding the data back to the controller. If the light intensity or temperature is low, resulting in low input voltage, the controller increases the switching tube S 1 And S is 2 The gain factor is increased and the voltage is raised to the dc bus voltage required by the inverter. Conversely, if the intensity of illumination or the temperature is high, resulting in a high input voltage, the controller will lower the switching tube S 1 And S is 2 The gain factor is reduced to raise the voltage to the dc bus voltage required by the inverter.
It should be noted that the illumination intensity and temperature are not proportional to the solar panel or panel output voltage. Therefore, in practical applications, adjustment is required according to practical situations. Briefly, the goal is to have the DC-DC converter operate at a maximum power point. Because the topological structure has only two switching tubes, and the conducting signals of the two switching tubes are the same, the independent Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control strategy is relatively easy to realize.
Finally, the voltage at the DC-DC converter DC high voltage side is inputted as the DC bus side of the inverter. The inverter converts the direct current into alternating current, synchronizes with a local power grid, and delivers electrical energy to the power grid.
The above-described method is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but in practice, the embodiment is not limited thereto. Several variations and optimizations may be made without departing from the basic concepts of the present application. Such variations and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims (5)

1. The high-gain DC-DC converter (shown in figure 1) suitable for the distributed photovoltaic power generation system is characterized by comprising three inductors, two switching tubes (taking MOSFET as an example), six capacitors and five diodes. In the working process of the converter, the input end is connected with a photovoltaic cell panel, the output end is connected with a direct current bus, and two power switch tubes S 1 And S is 2 Will be turned on and off simultaneously.
2. The converter base topology of claim 1, wherein the switching tube S1 is subjected to a capacitance C in case the switching tube is simultaneously turned off (as shown in fig. 3) 3 And C 4 Is used for clamping the switch tube S 2 Receiving capacitance C 1 ～C 3 And C 5 Is used for clamping the workpiece. It is characterized in that no matter what inductance L 1 And L 2 Whether or not the inductance values of (a) are the same, U S1 And U S2 Always keep equal, realize the switch tube electricitySelf-balancing of pressure. In addition, due to the low voltage stress of the switching tube, a transistor with smaller on-resistance R can be selected on Thereby reducing conduction losses and improving the efficiency of the converter.
3. To facilitate problem analysis, it is first assumed that the capacitive voltage ripple is negligible. As can be seen from claim 1, the input current i in ＝i Lin Thus the input current ripple is equal to the inductance L in Current ripple. Taking the inductance U in one switching period Lin Average value of (1), have U Lin =0. To inductance L in Capacitance C 1 、C 4 、C 6 Power supply U in U can be deduced by applying Kirchhoff Voltage (KVL) equation in one switching period Lin+ ＝U Lin- =0. Further analysis may yield a ripple expression of the converter input circuit.
In summary, in an ideal state, the input current ripple is zero. However, in practical cases, when the capacitive voltage ripple cannot be ignored, U is in one switching period Lin Still close to 0. By selecting smaller L in The input current ripple close to zero can be realized, and the normal operation of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system equipment is facilitated.
4. The converter base topology current trend of claim 1, characterized in that the base unit comprises a capacitor C 5 And C 6 And diode D 4 And D 5 (FIG. 4). Based on this, a cascaded converter (fig. 5) is further obtained. Because roof-type photovoltaic power generation is greatly influenced by illumination intensity, temperature and the like, the output voltage is lower, and cannot meet the requirementPhotovoltaic power generation grid connection requirements. The cascaded converter achieves high gain (more than 10 times) of voltage and avoids extreme duty cycle. Meanwhile, when each cascade of one layer of charge pump units is connected, the switch tube S is switched on under the condition of reaching the same output voltage value 1 And S is 2 The voltage stress across the cell will instead be reduced by the number of layers in the cascade. Therefore, this structure further reduces the conduction loss and improves the efficiency of the converter.
5. The topology described in claims 1 and 4 is characterized by simple control, high stability, only two switching tubes with the same signal are needed, small volume, small voltage stress at two ends of the capacitor (see the following description for details), and capacity with lower withstand voltage value can be adopted, so that the capacity volume is effectively reduced. Lower capacitance voltage stress means higher capacitance reliability and lower failure rate. Meanwhile, withstand voltage capacitor U C4 And U C6 And the capacitor clamp is also used as a link in a zero ripple structure, so that the density of components is improved.
CN202310456845.0A 2023-04-25 2023-04-25 High-gain DC-DC converter topological structure applied to distributed photovoltaic power generation system Pending CN116633135A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117175932A (en) * 2023-11-02 2023-12-05 中山市宝利金电子有限公司 Photovoltaic intelligent variable structure power socket

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117175932A (en) * 2023-11-02 2023-12-05 中山市宝利金电子有限公司 Photovoltaic intelligent variable structure power socket
CN117175932B (en) * 2023-11-02 2024-02-13 中山市宝利金电子有限公司 Photovoltaic intelligent variable structure power socket

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