CN116633133B - Constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit - Google Patents
Constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN116633133B CN116633133B CN202310896217.4A CN202310896217A CN116633133B CN 116633133 B CN116633133 B CN 116633133B CN 202310896217 A CN202310896217 A CN 202310896217A CN 116633133 B CN116633133 B CN 116633133B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The application relates to a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit. The constant current voltage stabilizing circuit comprises: one end of the TVS diode is used as a first port of the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit; one end of the controllable switch is connected with the other end of the TVS diode; one end of the detection unit is connected with the other end of the controllable switch and is used for detecting the voltage of the other end of the controllable switch, and the other end of the detection unit is used as a second port of the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit; and the control unit is used for acquiring and comparing the reference signal with the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch and controlling the on-off of the controllable switch according to the comparison result. The application adopts a simple circuit and a low-cost low-voltage transistor, can well resist the surge impact of lightning stroke of several kilovolts by matching with a peripheral circuit, and can protect a back-end circuit besides providing a low-power supply for a back-end.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of power supply circuits, in particular to a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit.
Background
In actual research and production, research engineers are encountering more and more devices and system units that require only low voltage and high level current power. Typical examples include, but are not limited to, the display of measurement data or timers, microcontroller-based measurement systems, and simple open and closed loop controls, etc. Similar examples also include devices that need to access a wireless network, such as smart meters that read data over a wireless network, network devices that access the internet of things, and the like.
Conventional power supplies have a number of disadvantages in such low power ranges, not only requiring a lot of space but also being expensive if transformer or switching power supply solutions are employed. The loss ratio on either the copper or iron wire is too high for such low output power.
The common resistive-capacitive voltage reduction circuit essentially refers to a practical circuit scheme mainly comprising capacitive voltage reduction (capacitive reactance constant current i=u/Z) and various protection resistors connected in series and parallel. The resistive-capacitive voltage reduction is a circuit that limits the maximum operating current by using the capacitive reactance generated by the capacitor under an ac signal of a certain frequency. In a rc buck circuit, the capacitor actually functions to limit the current and dynamically distribute the voltage across the capacitor and load, which is significantly less costly than a scheme using a transformer for buck.
The resistance-capacitance voltage reduction circuit has the advantages of simple design, low cost, small volume, convenient assembly and the like, is widely applied to the fields of panel control of small household appliances, small-power LEDs, hotel gate control, ammeter and the like, and is generally only suitable for small-power and small-current loads (recommended smaller than 100 mA). Such as an electric fan, a milk warmer, a yogurt machine, an egg cooker, a hair puller, etc.
However, in long-term product practice, there are often problems with resistor-capacitor voltage reduction, for example, as the capacitor's lifetime increases, the capacitor's capacity will decrease significantly, causing power failures. The selected capacitor is the preferred consideration of most designers, but the special voltage-reducing capacitor is expensive and has huge volume, and the advantages (small volume) of the resistance-capacitance voltage-reducing circuit are completely abandoned, so that no special capacitor is used in mass resistance-capacitance voltage-reducing products on the market. Moreover, the life of the product with the resistance-capacitance voltage reduction is not long, the life is more than 2 years and 3 years, the life is less than half 1 year, the attenuation of the capacitor is severe, and the product is damaged.
The reliability of the high-voltage CBB capacitor (polypropylene capacitor) commonly used for resistance-capacitance voltage reduction is not very different from the manufacturing process. The attenuation of capacitors including an X2 capacitor (capacitor for X2 suppression of electromagnetic interference of a power supply) and a dedicated step-down capacitor is unavoidable. How to protect the capacitor from breakdown for as long as possible is an essential protection measure to avoid a reduction in the capacitor capacity, which is why the pi-type LCR protection circuit in front of the main capacitor is the biggest reason why it cannot be seen as being removed without use.
As shown in figure 1, the capacitor voltage-reducing circuit is a relatively simple capacitor voltage-reducing circuit, is very favored by consumer factories through simple improvement, and has low cost. When the circuit is tested in a laboratory, people can feel stable enough, but in the application of mass folk consumption, the circuit is extremely easy to cause problems, and the problems can be rare, such as a nixie tube for displaying temperature can be jumped out, a display control unit is dead, and the like, the result of disassembly research is sometimes caused by insufficient power supply, but the fault is extremely difficult to reproduce, the fault appears randomly (such as wet weather, high-temperature weather, and the like), and the product problems caused by the resistance-capacitance voltage reduction power supply circuit can be layered endlessly, for example, the problems of incapacity burnout, burst through phenomenon, burnt and baked black PCB (printed circuit board), burst of a voltage stabilizing tube, breakdown of a later-stage singlechip, and the like are frequently caused.
In view of the above related art, the inventor considers that the low-cost electronic transformer commonly found in the market is difficult to carry out various electromagnetic compatibility tests of lightning surge, and the conventional high-voltage drop circuit has the problem of outstanding contradiction between performance and reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to obtain a voltage-reducing power supply with higher performance and reliability, the application provides a constant-current voltage-stabilizing circuit.
The application provides a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit, which adopts the following technical scheme:
A constant current voltage stabilizing circuit, comprising:
One end of the TVS diode is used as a first port of the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit;
one end of the controllable switch is connected with the other end of the TVS diode;
One end of the detection unit is connected with the other end of the controllable switch and is used for detecting the voltage of the other end of the controllable switch, and the other end of the detection unit is used as a second port of the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit;
And the control unit is used for acquiring and comparing the reference signal with the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch and controlling the on-off of the controllable switch according to the comparison result.
Optionally, the controlling the on-off of the controllable switch according to the comparison result specifically includes: when the reference signal is larger than or equal to the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch, the controllable switch is turned on; and when the reference signal is smaller than the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch, the controllable switch is turned off.
Optionally, the controlling the on-off of the controllable switch according to the comparison result specifically includes: when the reference signal is smaller than the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch, the controllable switch is turned on; and when the reference signal is larger than or equal to the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch, the controllable switch is turned off.
Optionally, the TVS diode is a bidirectional TVS diode.
Optionally, the controllable switch is a controllable high-voltage switch or a triode.
Optionally, the detection unit is a detection resistor.
Optionally, the control unit is a comparator, an operational amplifier or a triode.
Optionally, the reference signal is an external signal or a signal obtained by dividing the voltage by the positive electrode of the power supply.
Optionally, the TVS circuit further comprises a voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected in parallel with two ends of the TVS diode.
Optionally, the TVS circuit further comprises a voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected in parallel to two ends of the TVS diode and the controllable switch.
Optionally, the total current value of the detection unit is 10-60mA.
In summary, the application adopts a simple circuit and a low-cost low-voltage transistor, and can well resist lightning surge impact of several kilovolts in cooperation with a peripheral circuit, and can protect a back-end circuit besides providing a low-power supply for a back-end stage. The stable various voltage outputs required by the intelligent small household appliances can be realized only by changing the parameters of the TVS diode of the core device according to actual demands, and the intelligent small household appliances become small-power high-voltage step-down power supplies for outputting different powers.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor step-down circuit in the related art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit according to an embodiment of the application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a load of the present application connected in parallel across a TVS diode.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit incorporating a voltage stabilizing circuit according to the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit suitable for alternating current according to the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit according to another embodiment of the application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit according to another embodiment of the application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit according to another embodiment of the application.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit suitable for intelligent small household appliances.
Detailed Description
The transient voltage suppression diode (TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR) is called TVS diode for short, and is a high-efficiency protection device in the form of diode. When the two poles of the TVS diode are impacted by reverse transient high energy, the high resistance between the two poles can be changed into low resistance at the speed of the magnitude of minus 12 seconds of 10, and the surge power of thousands of watts is absorbed, so that the voltage clamp between the two poles is positioned at a preset value, thereby effectively protecting precise components in an electronic circuit from being damaged by various surge pulses.
In the traditional voltage-stabilizing diode power supply system, because the dissipation power of the voltage-stabilizing diode is smaller, the patch package is usually about 100mW, the voltage-stabilizing diode with the maximum 1-2w adopts a metal shell package, the price is higher, the occupied area of the PCB is large, and small household appliances are influenced by volume and cost and basically cannot be selected. To output more practical power using inexpensive low-power zener diodes, high-power transistors and the like must be used for current spreading, which in turn greatly increases the overall cost of the system. While TVS diodes have been popular as novel semiconductors for the last decade in various protection and protection circuits, their price has also fallen to the level of common low power zener diodes.
The instantaneous absorption pulse power of the TVS diode generally reaches more than 5000W, and the continuous dissipation power is far more than that of a common voltage-stabilizing diode, so that the TVS diode with breakdown voltage meeting the requirement can be used, and the practical low power (about 0.5-2W for example) can be directly output on the basis of ensuring the reliability.
Low power supplies are often susceptible to problems such as ESD, surge testing, etc. during authentication. In the scheme of the embodiment of the application, the problems of ESD, surge test and the like in the authentication are basically solved by adopting the TVS diode.
The application adopts TVS diode as core device, designs a small-power high-voltage step-down power supply which satisfies the requirements of intelligent small household appliances, is more stable, can output various voltages and can output different powers, is mainly applied to the small-power supply, and is different from the traditional power supply system.
Embodiments of the constant current voltage regulator circuit of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification, but the embodiments should not be construed as limiting the application.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit, which includes a first TVS diode TVS1, a first controllable high voltage switch K1, and a first detection resistor R1; one end of the first TVS diode TVS1 is used as a first port of the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit to be connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, the other end of the first TVS diode TVS1 is connected with one end of the first controllable high-voltage switch K1, the other end of the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 is connected with one end of the first detection resistor R1, and the other end of the first detection resistor R1 is used as a second port of the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit to be connected with a negative electrode of the power supply (namely, grounded); the high-voltage detection circuit further comprises a first comparator U1 (or an operational amplifier), wherein the non-inverting input end of the first comparator U1 is used for receiving a reference signal Vref, the inverting input end of the first comparator U1 is connected to a connection point C of the first detection resistor R1 and the first controllable high-voltage switch K1, and the output end of the first comparator U1 is connected to a controlled end of the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 and is used for controlling the on-off of the first controllable high-voltage switch K1. The reference signal Vref may be an externally accessed signal, or a signal obtained by voltage division at a power supply terminal; the first comparator U1, the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 and the first detection resistor R1 constitute a constant current source.
It can be understood that the first port of the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit can be connected with the positive electrode of the power supply or the negative electrode of the power supply (namely, grounded); for example, in this embodiment, the first port of the constant current and voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and the second port is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply.
After power-up, the signal at the inverting input end (hereinafter referred to as the connection point C) of the first comparator U1 is 0, at this time, the reference signal Vref is greater than (or equal to) the voltage at the connection point C (i.e., the voltage drop across the first detection resistor R1), the first comparator U1 outputs a high level, and the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 is turned on; when the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 is turned on, the voltage across the VAB exceeds the breakdown voltage of the TVS diode, and the TVS diode acts to form an avalanche breakdown effect, so that the voltage across the VAB drops rapidly, and the voltage VAB across the TVS diode TVS1 is substantially constant because of the breakdown characteristic of the TVS diode; because the voltage drop VBC of the first controllable high voltage switch K1 basically fluctuates in a small range (affected by the output current), the voltage across VAC basically also fluctuates in a small range, so as to reduce the high voltage dc to a suitable range, for example, reduce the rectified 220V to within 40V.
When the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 is turned on, the current flowing through the first detection resistor R1 will become larger, the voltage drop generated on the first detection resistor R1 will also increase, when the voltage drop increases to be greater than the reference signal Vref, the first comparator U1 outputs a low level, and turns off the first controllable high-voltage switch K1, so that the current flowing through the first detection resistor R1 decreases, when the voltage on the first detection resistor R1 decreases to be less than or equal to the reference signal Vref, the first comparator U1 outputs a high level, and turns on the first controllable high-voltage switch K1, and the whole process is repeated in a high-frequency dynamic state, thereby forming a dynamic constant current.
It can be understood that the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit and the load in the embodiment of the application form a parallel connection, and the load can be connected between two points AB or between two points AC. The purpose of the connection between the AC connection points is to minimize the pressure difference with the ground; here, "ground" is a reference virtual ground, in an ac circuit, which may actually be zero fire wire; in the direct current circuit, the real earth can be used, and the optimal effect of improving the anti-interference can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the load is connected between two points AB (i.e., two ends of the first TVS diode TVS 1), and the current flowing through the first detection resistor R1 is equal to the total current I, which is basically determined by the reference voltage Vref and the value of the first detection resistor R1: i=vref/R. Considering the power consumption derating (chip core temperature rise) of the current silicon process semiconductor, the total current I can be limited to 10-60mA which is more practical, so that the output power is equivalent to that of a resistance-capacitance step-down power supply in the prior art after the step-down of the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit provided by the embodiment of the application, namely the idle power consumption of the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 can be limited within the range of 2-12W. The maximum current I2 of the load at the two points AB is slightly smaller than the total current I, when I2 becomes larger (i.e. the load is weighted), I1 becomes smaller, and the loop power consumption of the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 is reduced, so in practical use, the load is recommended not to fluctuate too much, the loss of the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 is avoided to become uncertain, and the voltage at the two ends of the load changes along with the load at the moment, so if the load needs to be a relatively stable voltage, a proper voltage stabilizing measure needs to be added, i.e. a voltage stabilizing circuit part is connected in parallel before the load.
As shown in fig. 4, a basic voltage stabilizing circuit part is added in the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit of the embodiment of the application, the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises an eleventh resistor R11 and an eleventh voltage stabilizing diode D11, one end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected with the cathode of the eleventh voltage stabilizing diode D11, the anode of the eleventh voltage stabilizing diode D11 is grounded, and a load is connected with two ends of the eleventh voltage stabilizing diode D11 in parallel; the embodiment can enable the voltage at two ends of the load to be stable, the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected between two points of the AC, the voltage difference between the voltage stabilizing circuit and the ground is reduced as much as possible, and the anti-interference performance is stronger.
As shown in fig. 5, in the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit of the embodiment of the present application, a full-bridge rectifying circuit or a half-bridge rectifying circuit may be further added, and in this embodiment, a half-bridge rectifying circuit may be used, so that the embodiment of the present application is suitable for an ac power supply, and in the step-down process, several devices generate heat together, so as to avoid overheating of a single device.
A constant current voltage stabilizing circuit for alternating current, comprising:
A rectifying circuit; and
The constant current voltage stabilizing circuit is connected in parallel with the rear end of the rectifying circuit.
It can be understood that the back end of the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit can be further added with a voltage stabilizing circuit, so that the voltage at two ends of the load becomes stable, and the voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a twenty-first triode Q21, a twenty-second resistor R22 and a twenty-second diode D22; the collector of the twenty-first triode Q21 is connected with one end of the twenty-second resistor R22, the base is connected with the other end of the twenty-second resistor R22 and the cathode of the twenty-second diode D22, the collector of the twenty-first triode Q21 and the anode of the twenty-second diode D22 are connected in parallel with the two ends of the first TVS diode TVS1 and the first controllable high-voltage switch K1 (namely, the collector of the twenty-first triode Q21 is connected with the end A, the anode of the twenty-second diode D22 is connected with the end C), and the load is connected in parallel with the two ends of the emitter of the twenty-first triode Q21 and the anode of the twenty-second diode D22.
As shown in fig. 6, another embodiment of the present application provides a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit, which includes a second TVS diode TVS2, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, a reference resistor R0, and a second detection resistor R2; the base electrode of the first triode Q1 is connected with the collector electrode of the second triode Q2 and one end of a reference resistor R0, the collector electrode is connected with one end of a second TVS diode TVS2, and the emitter electrode is connected with the base electrode of the second triode Q2 and one end of a second detection resistor R2; the other end of the second TVS diode TVS2 and the other end of the reference resistor R0 are used for being connected with a power supply positive electrode, and the emitter of the second triode Q2 and the other end of the second detection resistor R2 are grounded; the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 may be NPN transistors.
In this embodiment, the second detection resistor R2 is a specific implementation manner of the detection unit, and the second triode Q2 and the reference resistor R0 are specific implementations manner of the control unit, where a base electrode of the second triode Q2 is used for detecting a voltage of the second detection resistor R2, and the reference resistor R0 is connected to a power supply terminal and is used for obtaining the reference signal Vref by voltage division. The first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2 and the second detection resistor R2 constitute a constant current source.
After power-up, the base (hereinafter referred to as the connection point C) signal of the second triode Q2 is 0, the second triode Q2 is in an off state, at this time, the reference signal Vref is greater than (or equal to) the voltage of the connection point C (i.e., the voltage drop across the second detection resistor R2), and the base signal (i.e., the reference signal Vref) of the first triode Q1 is high level, so that the first triode Q1 is turned on; when the first triode Q1 is turned on, the voltage across the VAB exceeds the breakdown voltage of the TVS diode, and the TVS diode acts to form an avalanche breakdown effect, so that the voltage across the VAB drops rapidly, and the voltage VAB across the second TVS diode TVS2 is substantially constant because of the breakdown characteristic of the TVS diode; also, since the voltage drop VBC of the first triode Q1 basically fluctuates in a small range (affected by the output current), the voltage across VAC basically fluctuates in a small range, so as to reduce the dc voltage to a suitable range, for example, reduce the rectified 220V to within 40V.
When the first transistor Q1 is turned on, the current flowing through the second detection resistor R2 will become larger, the voltage drop generated in the second detection resistor R2 (i.e., the base signal of the second transistor Q2) will also increase, when the voltage drop increases to be greater than the reference signal Vref, i.e., the base of the second transistor Q2 is at a high level, the second transistor Q2 is turned on, connected to the ground, and pulled down by the reference signal Vref, so that the base of the first transistor Q1 becomes at a low level, the first transistor Q1 is turned off, so that the current flowing through the second detection resistor R2 decreases, and when the voltage drop in the second detection resistor R2 is less than or equal to the reference signal Vref, i.e., the base of the second transistor Q2 becomes at a low level, the second transistor Q2 is turned off, so that the first transistor Q1 becomes at a high level again, and the first transistor Q1 is turned on in a high cycle, thereby forming a dynamic constant current dynamic process.
It will be appreciated that in this embodiment, the load may be connected between the AB two points as well, or between the AC two points as well. And, just like this, a voltage stabilizing circuit part can be connected in parallel before the load, so that the voltage at two ends of the load becomes relatively stable. Also, a full bridge rectifying or half bridge rectifying circuit portion may be added, thereby making embodiments of the present application suitable for use with ac power sources.
Because the voltage drop on the controllable switch is larger, when no load or light load exists, the total current flows through the controllable switch, if the larger total current is set, larger heat is generated, the controllable switch is damaged, and if the smaller total current is set, the circuit scheme is not practical (the output power is too small). Considering the power consumption derating (chip core temperature rise) of the current silicon process semiconductor, the total current can be limited to 10-60mA which is practical, so that the output power is equivalent to the resistance-capacitance step-down power supply in the prior art after the step-down of the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit provided by the embodiment of the application, and the no-load power consumption of the controllable switch can be limited within the range of 2-12W.
As shown in fig. 7, a further embodiment of the present application provides a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit, which includes a third detection resistor R3, a second controllable high voltage switch K2, and a third TVS diode TVS3; one end of the third detection resistor R3 is used as a second port of the constant current and voltage stabilizing circuit to be connected with a positive electrode of a power supply, the other end of the third detection resistor R3 is connected with one end of the second controllable high-voltage switch K2, the other end of the second controllable high-voltage switch K2 is connected with one end of the third TVS diode TVS3, and the other end of the third TVS diode TVS3 is used as a first port of the constant current and voltage stabilizing circuit to be connected with a negative electrode of the power supply (namely grounded); the second comparator U2 (or operational amplifier) is further included, the non-inverting input end of the second comparator U2 is used for receiving the reference signal Vref, the inverting input end of the second comparator U2 is connected to the connection point D of the third detection resistor R3 and the second controllable high-voltage switch K2, and the output end of the second comparator U2 is connected to the controlled end of the second controllable high-voltage switch K2 and is used for controlling the on-off of the second controllable high-voltage switch K2. The reference signal Vref may be an externally accessed signal, or a signal obtained by voltage division at a power supply terminal; the second comparator U2, the second controllable high voltage switch K2 and the third detection resistor R3 constitute a constant current source.
It can be understood that the first port of the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit can be connected with the positive electrode of the power supply or the negative electrode of the power supply (namely, grounded); for example, in this embodiment, the first port of the constant current and voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, and the second port is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply.
After power-up, the signal at the inverting input end (hereinafter referred to as the connection point D) of the second comparator U2 is at a high level (i.e., an input voltage), at this time, the reference signal Vref is smaller than the voltage at the connection point D, the second comparator U2 outputs a low level, and the second controllable high-voltage switch K2 is turned on; when the second controllable high-voltage switch K2 is turned on, the voltage across the VEF exceeds the breakdown voltage of the TVS diode, and the TVS diode acts to form an avalanche breakdown effect, so that the voltage across the VEF drops rapidly, and the voltage VEF across the third TVS diode TVS3 is substantially constant because of the breakdown characteristic of the TVS diode; also, since the voltage drop VDE of the second controllable high voltage switch K2 basically fluctuates in a small range (affected by the output current), the voltage across VDF basically fluctuates in a small range, so as to reduce the dc voltage to a suitable range, for example, reduce the rectified 220V to within 40V.
When the second controllable high-voltage switch K2 is turned on, the current flowing through the third detection resistor R3 will become larger, the voltage drop generated on the third detection resistor R3 will also increase, and the point D voltage will decrease, when the point D voltage decreases to be smaller than the reference signal Vref, the second comparator U2 outputs a high level, and the second controllable high-voltage switch K2 is turned off, so that the current flowing through the third detection resistor R3 decreases, and the point D voltage will increase, when the point D voltage is higher than or equal to the reference signal Vref, the second comparator U2 outputs a low level, and the second controllable high-voltage switch K2 is turned on, and the whole process is repeated in a high-frequency dynamic state, thereby forming a dynamic constant current.
It can be understood that the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit and the load in the embodiment of the application form a parallel connection, and the load can be connected between two points EF or DF.
As shown in fig. 8, a further embodiment of the present application provides a constant current voltage stabilizing circuit, which includes a fourth TVS diode TVS4, a third transistor Q3, a fourth transistor Q4, a reference resistor R5, and a fourth detection resistor R4; the base electrode of the third triode Q3 is connected with the collector electrode of the fourth triode Q4 and one end of a reference resistor R5, the collector electrode is connected with one end of a fourth TVS diode TVS4, and the emitter electrode is connected with the base electrode of the fourth triode Q4 and one end of a fourth detection resistor R4; the other end of the fourth TVS diode TVS4 and the other end of the reference resistor R5 are grounded, and the emitter of the fourth triode Q4 and the other end of the fourth detection resistor R4 are used for being connected with the positive electrode of a power supply; the third transistor Q3 and the fourth transistor Q4 may be PNP transistors.
In this embodiment, the fourth detection resistor R4 is a specific implementation manner of the detection unit, and the fourth triode Q4 and the reference resistor R5 are specific implementation manner of the control unit, where the base of the fourth triode Q4 is used for detecting the voltage of the point D, and the reference resistor R5 is used for acquiring the reference signal Vref. The third transistor Q3, the fourth transistor Q4 and the fourth detection resistor R4 constitute a constant current source.
After power-up, the signal of the base (hereinafter referred to as the connection point D) of the fourth triode Q4 is 1 (corresponding to the positive voltage VH of the power supply at this time), the fourth triode Q4 is in an off state, and the signal of the base (i.e., the reference signal Vref) of the third triode Q3 is at a low level, so that the third triode Q3 is turned on; when the third triode Q3 is turned on, the voltage across the VEF exceeds the breakdown voltage of the TVS diode, and the TVS diode acts to form an avalanche breakdown effect, so that the voltage across the VEF drops rapidly, and the voltage VEF across the fourth TVS diode TVS4 is substantially constant because of the breakdown characteristic of the TVS diode; also, since the voltage drop VDE of the third transistor Q3 basically fluctuates in a small range (affected by the output current), the voltage across the VEF basically fluctuates in a small range, so as to reduce the dc voltage to a suitable range, for example, reduce the rectified 220V to within 40V.
When the third transistor Q3 is turned on, the current flowing through the fourth detection resistor R4 will become larger, the voltage drop generated on the fourth detection resistor R4 will also increase, and the point D voltage will decrease, when the base of the fourth transistor Q4 (i.e., the point D voltage) is at a low level, the fourth transistor Q4 is turned on, so that the base of the third transistor Q3 becomes at a low level, the third transistor Q3 is turned off, so that the current flowing through the fourth detection resistor R4 decreases, and the point D voltage will increase, when the base of the fourth transistor Q4 (i.e., the point D voltage) becomes at a high level, the fourth transistor Q4 is turned off, so that the base of the third transistor Q3 becomes at a low level again, the third transistor Q3 is turned on, and the whole process is repeatedly started in a high frequency dynamic state, so that a dynamic constant current is formed.
It will be appreciated that in this embodiment, the load may be connected between the points EF as well, or between the points DF. And, just like this, a voltage stabilizing circuit part can be connected in parallel before the load, so that the voltage at two ends of the load becomes relatively stable. Also, a full bridge rectifying or half bridge rectifying circuit portion may be added, thereby making embodiments of the present application suitable for use with ac power sources.
As shown in fig. 9, in the intelligent small household appliance scheme, a plurality of voltage types are often required, and the relatively complete high-voltage drop circuit provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages of meeting EMC, high efficiency, being capable of realizing a plurality of power, a plurality of voltage outputs, full mounting, small occupied PCB area, high reliability and the like; can cover common application, has higher cost performance and strong stability, and greatly improves the life cycle of the product. The rectifying circuit portion includes a full bridge rectifier B, a voltage dividing resistor R31, a voltage dividing resistor R32, a filter capacitor C31, a filter capacitor C32, and a variable resistor VR. The voltage stabilizing circuit part comprises a voltage stabilizing chip with the model XL1509 and peripheral circuits thereof. It will be appreciated that the voltage regulator circuit portion may be other voltage regulator circuits than those mentioned above. The embodiment is mainly used for replacing a resistance-capacitance voltage reduction circuit, the circuit maintains the constant current characteristic of resistance-capacitance voltage reduction, but uses a mounting semiconductor and a mounting welding process with small volume and high reliability to replace a high-voltage capacitor and a plug-in welding production process with large volume and low reliability, and realizes a low-power voltage-reduction low-power voltage-stabilizing power supply with lower cost and better reliability.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of the functional modules is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional modules to perform all or part of the functions described above. The specific working process of the system, the device and the unit described above may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, and will not be described herein.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied essentially or partly in the form of a software product or all or part of the technical solution, which is stored in a storage medium, and includes several instructions for causing a computer device or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application.
The foregoing examples are only for the purpose of describing the technical scheme of the present application in detail, but the description of the foregoing examples is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present application and the core idea thereof, and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Variations or alternatives, which are easily conceivable by those skilled in the art, are included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A constant current voltage stabilizing circuit, comprising:
one end of the TVS diode is used as a first port of the constant-current voltage stabilizing circuit and is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply;
one end of the controllable switch is connected with the other end of the TVS diode;
one end of the detection unit is connected with the other end of the controllable switch and used for detecting the voltage of the other end of the controllable switch, and the other end of the detection unit is used as a second port of the constant current voltage stabilizing circuit and is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply;
the control unit is used for acquiring and comparing the reference signal with the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch and controlling the on-off of the controllable switch according to a comparison result;
the load is connected in parallel to two ends of the TVS diode or two ends of the TVS diode and the controllable switch, and the TVS diode is a bidirectional TVS diode.
2. The constant current voltage stabilizing circuit according to claim 1, wherein the controlling the on/off of the controllable switch according to the comparison result comprises: when the reference signal is larger than or equal to the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch, the controllable switch is turned on; and when the reference signal is smaller than the voltage at the other end of the controllable switch, the controllable switch is turned off.
3. The constant current voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the controllable switch is a controllable high-voltage switch or a triode.
4. The constant current voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the detection unit is a detection resistor.
5. The constant current voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the control unit is a comparator, an operational amplifier or a triode.
6. The constant current voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the reference signal is an external signal or a signal obtained by dividing the voltage by the positive electrode of the power supply.
7. The constant current voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the TVS diode also comprises a voltage stabilizing circuit which is connected in parallel with two ends of the TVS diode.
8. The constant current voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the TVS circuit is connected in parallel with the TVS diode and two ends of the controllable switch.
9. The constant current voltage regulator circuit according to claim 1, wherein: the total current value of the detection unit is 10-60mA.
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