CN116626940A - Liquid crystal wave plate and driving method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid crystal wave plate and driving method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116626940A CN116626940A CN202310637906.3A CN202310637906A CN116626940A CN 116626940 A CN116626940 A CN 116626940A CN 202310637906 A CN202310637906 A CN 202310637906A CN 116626940 A CN116626940 A CN 116626940A
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 259
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003667 anti-reflective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid crystal wave plate and a driving method thereof, wherein the liquid crystal wave plate comprises: the device comprises two substrates, wherein the two substrates are divided into a first substrate and a second substrate which are arranged in parallel relatively; two electrode layers, which are divided into a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer; the first electrode layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second electrode layer is positioned on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; the applied voltage of the liquid crystal layer is 0-10V, and the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the switching of the liquid crystal wave plate among different wave plates under a smaller driving voltage, thereby being beneficial to simplifying the light path configuration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectricity, in particular to a liquid crystal wave plate and a driving method thereof.
Background
A wave plate, also called a retarder, is a transparent plate with a specific birefringence effect, the wave plate having a fast axis and a slow axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the phase velocity of polarized light is relatively larger in the direction of the fast axis. The wave plate may phase shift two mutually orthogonal offset components passing through the wave plate and may thus be used to adjust the polarization state of the light beam.
The common wave plate in optical components consists of quartz crystal and calcite (CaCO) 3 ) Magnesium fluoride (MgF) 2 ) Sapphire (Al) 2 O 3 ) The common wave plates are mainly quarter wave plates and half wave plates (half wave plates), but the common wave plates are fixed wave plates, so that the switching of various polarization states cannot be realized, and the common wave plates are difficult to be suitable for various application scenesIs a kind of medium.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a liquid crystal wave plate and a driving method thereof, and the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the functions of different wave plates.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a liquid crystal wave plate, comprising: the device comprises two substrates, wherein the two substrates are divided into a first substrate and a second substrate which are oppositely arranged in parallel;
two electrode layers, which are divided into a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer; the first electrode layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second electrode layer is positioned on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate;
a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is 0 to 10V.
In some embodiments of the invention, the two electrode layers each comprise a planar electrode.
In some embodiments of the invention, at least one of the two electrode layers comprises a plurality of mutually insulated bulk electrodes; the width of the block electrode is greater than or equal to 3 μm.
In some embodiments of the invention, further comprising:
the binding area is positioned at one side edge of the substrate and comprises a plurality of binding pins;
and the signal wires are connected with the block electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence manner, are configured to connect the corresponding block electrodes to at least one binding pin, and are used for respectively carrying out partition control on the liquid crystal layer by applying electric signals to the block electrodes.
In some embodiments of the invention, further comprising:
the first anti-reflection layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate, which is away from the first electrode layer;
and/or a second anti-reflection layer is positioned on one side of the second substrate away from the second electrode layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the materials of the first antireflective layer and the second antireflective layer each comprise zinc oxide, calcium fluoride, or magnesium fluoride;
the thickness of the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer is 50 nm-500 nm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the refractive index of the first anti-reflection layer satisfies the following relationship:
n t1 ＝(n g1 +n a )/2；
wherein n is t1 Representing the refractive index of the first anti-reflection layer, n g1 Representing the refractive index of the first substrate, n a Representing the refractive index of air;
the refractive index of the second anti-reflection layer satisfies the following relationship:
n t2 ＝(n g2 +n a )/2；
wherein n is t2 Representing the refractive index of the second anti-reflection layer, n g2 Representing the refractive index of the second substrate, n a Representing the refractive index of air.
In some embodiments of the invention, further comprising:
the alignment layers are divided into a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer; the first alignment layer is positioned on one side of the first electrode layer facing the liquid crystal layer, and the second alignment layer is positioned on one side of the second electrode layer facing the liquid crystal layer; the alignment directions of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are parallel to each other;
and the retaining dam is positioned between the two substrates and surrounds the edges of the two substrates, a sealing space is formed between the retaining dam and the two substrates, and the liquid crystal layer is positioned in the sealing space.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are configured to be applied with a first electric signal, long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are parallel to the two substrates, and a phase retardation amount of the liquid crystal layer to incident light is pi;
alternatively, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are configured to be applied with a second electric signal, the angle between the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the two substrates is 45 °, and the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer to incident light is pi/2;
alternatively, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are configured to be applied with a third electric signal, long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are perpendicular to the two substrates, and a phase retardation amount of the liquid crystal layer to incident light is 2pi.
In some embodiments of the invention, the first electrical signal is 0, and the second electrical signal generates a voltage that is half of the voltage generated by the third electrical signal.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer is used to modulate the polarization state of incident light in the wavelength band of 450nm to 1550 nm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the substrate is 0.1-0.5 mm; the thickness of the electrode layer is 200 nm-2.0 mu m; the liquid crystal layer adopts nematic liquid crystal, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 1.0-12.0 mu m.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a driving method of a liquid crystal wave plate, including: receiving a control instruction of a liquid crystal wave plate;
adjusting a driving signal of the liquid crystal wave plate according to the control instruction to enable the liquid crystal wave plate to generate a corresponding phase difference;
wherein the phase difference generated by the liquid crystal layer is in the range of pi/2-2 pi.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the adjusting the driving signal of the liquid crystal wave plate according to the control instruction, so that the liquid crystal wave plate generates a corresponding phase difference, includes:
applying a first electric signal to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to enable long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to be parallel to the two substrates, and generating a phase difference of pi;
applying a second electric signal to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to enable the included angle between the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the two substrates to be 45 degrees and the generated phase difference to be pi/2;
a third electric signal is applied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, so that the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are perpendicular to the two substrates, and the phase difference is 2 pi.
In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the two electrode layers of the liquid crystal wave plate includes a plurality of mutually insulated bulk electrodes, the plurality of bulk electrodes divide the liquid crystal layer into a plurality of partitions, and the electrical signals applied by the bulk electrodes corresponding to the partitions are the same or different.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a liquid crystal wave plate and a driving method thereof, wherein the liquid crystal wave plate comprises: the device comprises two substrates, wherein the two substrates are divided into a first substrate and a second substrate which are arranged in parallel relatively; two electrode layers, which are divided into a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer; the first electrode layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second electrode layer is positioned on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; the applied voltage of the liquid crystal layer is 0-10V, and the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the switching of the liquid crystal wave plate among different wave plates under a smaller driving voltage, thereby being beneficial to simplifying the light path configuration.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal wave plate is used as a half wave plate;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal waveplate is used as a half waveplate;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a liquid crystal deflection state with the liquid crystal waveplate as a quarter waveplate;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the liquid crystal deflected state with the liquid crystal waveplate as a quarter waveplate;
fig. 6 is a side view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal wave plate is used as a full wave plate;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal waveplate is used as a full waveplate;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a second top view of a liquid crystal plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a third top view of a liquid crystal plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a top view of a liquid crystal panel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a second schematic diagram of a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a flowchart of a driving method of a liquid crystal wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a further description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. The words expressing the positions and directions described in the present invention are described by taking the drawings as an example, but can be changed according to the needs, and all the changes are included in the protection scope of the present invention. The drawings of the present invention are merely schematic representations of relative positional relationships and are not intended to represent true proportions.
A wave plate, also called a retarder, is a transparent plate with a specific birefringence effect, the wave plate having a fast axis and a slow axis perpendicular to each other, wherein the phase velocity of polarized light is relatively larger in the direction of the fast axis. The wave plate may phase shift two mutually orthogonal offset components passing through the wave plate and may thus be used to adjust the polarization state of the light beam.
The common wave plate in optical components consists of quartz crystal and calcite (CaCO) 3 ) Magnesium fluoride (MgF) 2 ) Sapphire (Al) 2 O 3 ) The common wave plates are made of mica or some birefringent polymers and are as follows:
quarter wave plate (QWP for short): a wafer which can generate 1/4 wavelength optical path difference between an Ordinary Ray (o Ray for short) and an extraordinary Ray (Extraordinary Ray e Ray for short). The elliptical polarized light or the circularly polarized light can be changed into linear polarized light (linear polarization, abbreviated as LP) after passing through the 1/4 wave plate, and the linear polarized light can be changed into circularly polarized light after passing through the 1/4 wave plate.
Half-wave plate (HWP for short): also known as a half wave plate, can produce a 1/2 wavelength optical path difference between o-light and e-light. Left circularly polarized Light (LCP) can be changed into right circularly polarized light (right-handed circular polarization, RCP) after passing through the half wave plate, and right circularly polarized light can be changed into left circularly polarized light after passing through the half wave plate; when the included angle between the polarization direction of the incident light and the two axes of the half wave plate is 45 degrees, the linearly polarized light is still linearly polarized light after passing through the half wave plate, but the included angle between the polarization direction of the emergent linearly polarized light and the two axes of the half wave plate is changed to-45 degrees.
Full-wave plate (FWP for short): a wafer capable of generating an optical path difference of an integral multiple of the wavelength of o light and e light. The full wave plate has no effect on the polarization direction of the incident light.
However, the common wave plate is a fixed wave plate, and can not realize the switching of various polarization states, and is difficult to be suitable for various application scenes, so that the embodiment of the invention provides a liquid crystal wave plate, which utilizes the characteristic of Liquid Crystal (LC) electric control birefringence to control the polarization states of the liquid crystal through an electric field, realizes the switching among a half wave plate, a quarter wave plate and a full wave plate, and meets the use requirements of different light paths.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid crystal wave plate 10 includes two substrates, two electrode layers, and a liquid crystal layer.
The two substrates are divided into a first substrate 21 and a second substrate 22 which are relatively parallel to each other, and in order to make the liquid crystal wave plate have higher light transmittance, the two substrates can both adopt high-transmittance glass substrates, and the thickness of the substrates is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
The two electrode layers are divided into a first electrode layer 31 and a second electrode layer 32, the first electrode layer 31 being located on a side of the first substrate 21 facing the second substrate 22, and the second electrode layer 32 being located on a side of the second substrate 22 facing the first substrate 21. The two electrode layers can be Indium tin oxide (ITO for short), the two electrode layers can comprise a planar electrode, or at least one electrode layer of the two electrode layers comprises mutually insulated block electrodes, each block electrode is formed by patterning the whole electrode material, and the thickness of the electrode layer is 200 nm-2.0 μm.
The liquid crystal layer 40 is located between the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32, and the liquid crystal layer 40 may employ nematic liquid crystal. By electrifying the electrode layer to apply voltage to the liquid crystal layer 40, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 can be controlled to turn over, so that different phase differences are generated between o light and e light of liquid crystal birefringence, the phase difference range generated by the o light and the e light of the liquid crystal layer birefringence is pi/2-2 pi, and therefore the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the switching between different types of wave plates such as a full wave plate, a half wave plate and a quarter wave plate, and in the embodiment of the invention, the applied voltage of the liquid crystal layer 40 is 0V-10V, and the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the dynamic switching between different types of wave plates under the drive of smaller voltage.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal layer 40 may be used for modulating the polarization state of incident light in the wavelength band of 450nm to 1550nm, where different types of liquid crystal materials may be used for modulating the polarization state of incident light in different wavelength bands, for example, conventional display liquid crystal may be used for adjusting the polarization state of incident light in the wavelength band of 500nm to 800nm, and near infrared liquid crystal may be used for adjusting the polarization state of incident light in the wavelength band of 800nm to 1550 nm.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid crystal waveplate 10 further includes two alignment layers and a dam 60.
The two alignment layers are divided into a first alignment layer 51 and a second alignment layer 52, the first alignment layer 51 is located on a side of the first electrode layer 31 facing the liquid crystal layer 40, the second alignment layer 52 is located on a side of the second electrode layer 32 facing the liquid crystal layer 40, alignment directions of the first alignment layer 51 and the second alignment layer 52 are parallel to each other, and the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules are guided, and the embodiment of the invention is described taking the alignment directions of the first alignment layer 51 and the second alignment layer 52 as the first direction x as an example.
The dam 60 is located between the two substrates and is disposed around the edges of the two substrates, the dam 60 and the two alignment layers form a sealed space for sealing the liquid crystal layer 40 in the sealed space, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 40 can be controlled by the dam 60, and in the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 1.0 μm-12.0 μm.
The liquid crystal wave plate is used as a quarter wave plate, a half wave plate and a full wave plate when incident light of 1064nm is used as the electrode layers.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal wave plate is used as a half wave plate; fig. 3 is a plan view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal wave plate is used as a half wave plate.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32 are configured to be applied with the first electric signal, the first electric signal may be 0, that is, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 are parallel to the two substrates, that is, the xoz plane in a state where no voltage is applied, the phase retardation amount of the liquid crystal layer 40 with respect to the incident light is pi, so that the phase differences of the o-light and the e-light passing through the liquid crystal layer 40 differ by pi, and the liquid crystal wave plate 10 may be used as a half wave plate.
At this time, when the incident light from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is left circularly polarized light, the outgoing light from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is right circularly polarized light, and when the incident light from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is right circularly polarized light, the outgoing light from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is left circularly polarized light. Wherein, the left-handed circularly polarized light Ex and Ez have equal amplitude, and the phase of Ex is advanced by pi/2 than Ez; right-handed circularly polarized light Ex and Ez have equal amplitude, and the phase ratio of Ex is behind pi/2 by Ez; ex is the electric field component of the light ray in the first direction x and Ez is the electric field component of the light ray in the third direction z.
When the incident light from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is linearly polarized, the outgoing light from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is still linearly polarized, for example, when the incident linearly polarized light Ex and Ez have equal amplitude, the phase difference between Ex and Ez is pi, the polarization direction is within xoz plane and the included angle with the first direction x is 135 °, the outgoing linearly polarized light Ex and Ez have equal amplitude, the phase between Ex and Ez is the same, and the polarization direction is within xoz plane and the included angle with the first direction x is 45 °.
The liquid crystal wave plate 10 may be used as an initial state of a half wave plate, and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules may rotate 0 to 90 ° on the xoy plane with the third direction z as the rotation axis under the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 40, i.e., the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the first direction x may vary from 0 ° to 90 °.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a liquid crystal deflection state with the liquid crystal waveplate as a quarter waveplate; fig. 5 is a plan view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal wave plate is used as the quarter wave plate.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, when the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32 are configured to be applied with the second electric signal, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 are rotated 45 ° on the xoy plane with the third direction z as the rotation axis, and the angle between the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules and the two substrates is 45 °, the phase retardation amount of the liquid crystal layer 40 to the incident light is pi/2, so that the phase difference of the o-light and the e-light passing through the liquid crystal layer 40 is pi/2, and the liquid crystal wave plate 10 can be used as a quarter wave plate, except that the long axes of the few liquid crystal molecules of the second alignment layer 52 near the first alignment layer 51 are still parallel to the first direction x.
At this time, when the incident light incident from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is left circularly polarized light, the outgoing light outgoing from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is linearly polarized light, wherein the left circularly polarized light Ex and Ez have equal amplitudes, and the phase of Ex is advanced by pi/2 from the Ez; the linearly polarized light Ex and Ez have the same amplitude, the phase of Ex and Ez are the same, the polarization direction is in xoz plane and the included angle with the first direction x is 45 degrees.
When the incident light incident from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is right circularly polarized light, the emergent light emitted from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is linearly polarized light, wherein the right circularly polarized light Ex and Ez have equal amplitude, and the phase ratio of Ex is pi/2 behind Ez; the linearly polarized light Ex and Ez have the same amplitude, the phase difference between Ex and Ez is pi, the polarization direction is in xoz plane, and the included angle between the polarization direction and the first direction x is 135 degrees.
When the incident light from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is linearly polarized light, the outgoing light from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is right-handed circularly polarized light, wherein the linearly polarized light Ex and the Ez have equal amplitude, the Ex and the Ez have the same phase, the polarization direction is within a xoz plane and an included angle of 45 degrees with the first direction x, the right-handed circularly polarized light Ex and the Ez have equal amplitude, and the phase ratio of Ex is pi/2 behind the Ez.
Fig. 6 is a side view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal wave plate is used as a full wave plate; fig. 7 is a plan view of a liquid crystal deflection state when the liquid crystal wave plate is used as a full wave plate.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, when the first electrode layer 31 and the second electrode layer 32 are configured to be applied with the third electric signal, the voltage generated by the second electric signal may be half of the voltage generated by the third electric signal, and at this time, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 40 are rotated by 90 ° in the xoy plane with the third direction z as the rotation axis, except that the long axes of the minority liquid crystal molecules in the second alignment layer 52 near the first alignment layer 51 are still parallel to the first direction x, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are perpendicular to the two substrates, the phase retardation amount of the liquid crystal layer 40 to the incident light is 2 pi, so that the o-light and e-light phase differences passing through the liquid crystal layer 40 differ by 2 pi, and the liquid crystal wave plate 10 may be used as a full wave plate.
At this time, the polarization state of the incident light is not changed by the liquid crystal wave plate 10, when the incident light incident from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is left circularly polarized light, the emergent light emitted from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is still left circularly polarized light, the left circularly polarized light Ex has the same amplitude as the Ez, and the phase of Ex is pi/2 advanced from the Ez; when the incident light entering from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is right circularly polarized light, the emergent light exiting from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is still right circularly polarized light, the right circularly polarized light Ex and the Ez have equal amplitude, and the phase ratio of Ex is behind the Ez by pi/2; when the incident light from above the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is linearly polarized, the outgoing light from below the liquid crystal wave plate 10 is still linearly polarized, for example, linearly polarized light Ex and Ez have the same amplitude, the Ex and Ez have the same phase, and the polarization direction is within xoz plane and the included angle with the first direction x is 45 °.
The liquid crystal wave plate can be switched to a required state under different application scenes by applying different electric signals to the electrode layers to apply different voltages to the liquid crystal layer so as to change the deflection angles of liquid crystal molecules, thereby realizing the conversion of the liquid crystal wave plate among three states of the half wave plate, the quarter wave plate and the full wave plate, modulating the polarization state of light rays incident to the liquid crystal wave plate, integrating the functions of the three wave plates, being beneficial to simplifying the light path configuration, reducing the cost of light path accessories, and being applicable to diversified scenes.
For example, the liquid crystal wave plate can be applied to a semiconductor laser, and the liquid crystal wave plate is arranged on two sides of the gain medium and is adjusted to be in a quarter wave plate state, so that the laser can realize single-frequency operation; a liquid crystal wave plate is arranged between the laser crystal and the resonant cavity reflecting mirror and is regulated to be in a half-wave plate state, so that depolarization loss can be reduced; the liquid crystal wave plate is adjusted to be in a half wave plate state and is combined with the polaroid for use, so that the output coupler with adjustable transmissivity can be realized; the liquid crystal wave plate is adjusted to be in a quarter wave plate state and is combined with the polaroid for use, so that the output coupler with adjustable polarization can be realized.
In some embodiments, at least one electrode layer of the liquid crystal wave plate may include a plurality of mutually insulated block electrodes, the block electrodes divide the liquid crystal wave plate into a plurality of partitions, each block electrode is independently controlled by an external unit, different electric signals are applied to each block electrode, so that the block electrode can deflect corresponding to liquid crystal molecules in the partition, and further modulate the polarization state of light incident to the region, so as to realize uniform light field and partition light field control, and the width of the block electrode may be greater than or equal to 3 μm. In the following, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer each include four block electrodes with the same size and shape, and in the specific implementation, the number, shape, size, etc. of the block electrodes in the two electrode layers may be set as required, which is not limited herein.
Fig. 8 is a top view of a liquid crystal wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 8, at least one electrode layer of the liquid crystal wave plate 10 includes four bulk electrodes. For example, the first electrode layer includes four block electrodes arranged in an array; or the second electrode layer comprises four block electrodes which are arranged in an array; or the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprise four block electrodes which are arranged in an array, and the block electrodes of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are oppositely arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
For convenience of explanation, four block electrodes of the electrode layer are referred to as a first block electrode e1, a second block electrode e2, a third block electrode e3, and a fourth block electrode e4, and correspondingly, the liquid crystal layer is divided into a first division, a second division, a third division, and a fourth division according to the shapes of the four block electrodes.
As shown in fig. 8, a binding area B is further provided at one side edge of the substrate, where the binding area B includes a plurality of binding pins, and the binding area B is used for binding a flexible circuit board (Flexible Printed Circuit, abbreviated as FPC) or the like to connect with an external circuit, and the external circuit may include a control element for providing a driving signal to the liquid crystal wave plate. Each block electrode is connected with a signal line L, and the signal line L is used for connecting the corresponding block electrode to at least one binding pin. With the above arrangement, the first, second, third, and fourth block electrodes e1, e2, e3, and e4 can be independently controlled, and further the first, second, third, and fourth partitions can be controlled in a partitioned manner.
In particular implementations, the voltages applied to the partitions may be the same or different. In the following, several cases when different electric signals are applied to the counter electrode are described by way of example, and for simplicity of illustration, the binding regions and the signal lines are omitted in the plan view, and only the deflection states of the liquid crystal molecules in the respective regions are shown.
Fig. 9 is a second top view of the liquid crystal wave plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In some embodiments, the same voltage may be applied to each of the sections of the liquid crystal wave plate, as shown in fig. 9, and the third electrical signal is applied to the block electrodes corresponding to the first section 71, the second section 72, the third section 73 and the fourth section 74 of the liquid crystal wave plate 10, so that the first section 71, the second section 72, the third section 73 and the fourth section 74 may each perform the function of a full wave plate.
FIG. 10 is a third top view of a liquid crystal plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 11 is a top view of a liquid crystal wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In some embodiments, different voltages may be applied to each of the sections of the liquid crystal wave plate, as shown in fig. 10, a third electrical signal is applied to the bulk electrode corresponding to the first section 71 and the fourth section 74 of the liquid crystal wave plate 10, and a second electrical signal is applied to the bulk electrode corresponding to the second section 72 and the third section 73, so that the first section 71 and the fourth section 74 may implement the function of a full wave plate, and the second section 72 and the third section 73 may implement the function of a quarter wave plate. As shown in fig. 11, the third electric signal is applied to the block electrode corresponding to the first partition 71 of the liquid crystal wave plate 10, and the first electric signal is applied to the block electrode corresponding to the second partition 72, the third partition 73 and the fourth partition 74, so that the first partition 71 can realize the function of the full wave plate, and the second partition 72, the third partition 73 and the fourth partition 74 can realize the function of the half wave plate.
Fig. 9, 10 and 11 show several application examples when the electrode layer includes a plurality of block electrodes, and in implementation, the electrical signal applied to each block electrode may include a plurality of combinations, and may be flexibly adjusted according to specific use requirements, which is not specifically recited herein.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal wave plate is partitioned through the block electrodes, and each partition is independently controlled, so that the function of multiple wave plates can be realized by arranging one liquid crystal wave plate, the integration level of the optical path assembly is increased, the number of devices in the optical path is reduced, the fine regulation and control of the optical path are realized, the liquid crystal wave plate can be applied to large-size products, and the diversified use requirements are met.
Fig. 12 is a second schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 12, the liquid crystal wave plate 10 may further include a first anti-reflection layer 81 and a second anti-reflection layer 82, where the first anti-reflection layer 81 is located on a side of the first substrate 21 facing away from the first electrode layer 31, and the second anti-reflection layer 81 is located on a side of the second substrate 22 facing away from the second electrode layer 32, and in a specific implementation, only the first anti-reflection layer 81 or the second anti-reflection layer 82 may be provided.
The materials of the first anti-reflection layer 81 and the second anti-reflection layer 82 each include zinc oxide, calcium fluoride or magnesium fluoride, and the thicknesses of the first anti-reflection layer 81 and the second anti-reflection layer 82 may be set to 50nm to 500nm. The transmittance of the first and second anti-reflection layers 81 and 82 may be adjusted according to the refractive index of the material used for the first and second substrates 21 and 22.
Specifically, the refractive index of the first antireflection layer 81 satisfies the following relationship:
n t1 ＝(n g1 +n a )/2；
wherein n is t1 Indicating the refractive index, n, of the first anti-reflection layer 81 g1 Represents the refractive index of the first substrate 21, n a Represents the refractive index of air, n a ＝1；
The refractive index of the second antireflection layer 82 satisfies the following relationship:
n t2 ＝(n g2 +n a )/2；
wherein n is t2 Representing the refractive index, n, of the second anti-reflection layer 82 g2 Represents the refractive index of the second substrate 22, n a Represents the refractive index of air, n a ＝1。
In the embodiment of the invention, the reflection effect on incident light can be reduced, the light transmittance can be improved, and the light utilization rate can be improved by arranging the anti-reflection films on the two sides of the substrate of the liquid crystal wave plate.
For the above-mentioned liquid crystal wave plate, the embodiment of the invention provides a manufacturing method, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning and drying a substrate (adopting high-transmittance glass), depositing an anti-reflection film on the substrate, then adopting a sputtering method to prepare an electrode layer on the substrate, if a block electrode is required to be prepared, adopting a patterning process to carry out patterning treatment on the electrode layer, then coating an alignment layer on the electrode layer, wherein the alignment layer can adopt Polyimide (PI for short), carrying out box alignment after carrying out friction orientation on the PI by utilizing a roll-to-roll process, arranging a box dam between the two substrates, and filling liquid crystal to encapsulate the liquid crystal in the box, thus obtaining the liquid crystal wave plate.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a driving method of the liquid crystal wave plate.
Fig. 13 is a flowchart of a driving method of a liquid crystal wave plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 13, the driving method of the liquid crystal wave plate provided by the embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
s1, receiving a control instruction of a liquid crystal wave plate;
s2, adjusting a driving signal of the liquid crystal wave plate according to the control instruction, so that the liquid crystal wave plate generates a corresponding phase difference.
In step S2, the phase difference generated by the liquid crystal layer is within the range of pi/2-2 pi. Adjusting the driving signal of the liquid crystal wave plate according to the control instruction to enable the liquid crystal wave plate to generate a corresponding phase difference can comprise:
the first electric signal is applied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, so that long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are parallel to the two substrates, the generated phase difference is pi, and the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the function of a half wave plate.
And applying a second electric signal to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to enable the included angle between the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the two substrates to be 45 degrees and the generated phase difference to be pi/2, so that the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the function of a quarter wave plate.
And applying a third electric signal to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to enable long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to be perpendicular to the two substrates, and generating a phase difference of 2 pi, wherein the liquid crystal wave plate can realize the function of a full wave plate.
The driving method can realize the conversion of the liquid crystal wave plate among three states of the half wave plate, the quarter wave plate and the full wave plate, and the liquid crystal wave plate is switched to a required state under different application scenes to modulate the polarization state of light rays incident into the liquid crystal wave plate.
At least one electrode layer of the two electrode layers of the liquid crystal wave plate comprises a plurality of mutually insulated block electrodes, the liquid crystal layer is divided into a plurality of subareas by the plurality of block electrodes, and electric signals applied by the block electrodes corresponding to the subareas are the same or different. For each subarea, the driving method can be adopted for independent control, and the functions of each subarea of the liquid crystal wave plate can be flexibly adjusted, so that uniform light field and subarea light field control can be realized.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (15)
1. A liquid crystal waveplate, comprising:
the device comprises two substrates, wherein the two substrates are divided into a first substrate and a second substrate which are oppositely arranged in parallel;
two electrode layers, which are divided into a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer; the first electrode layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second electrode layer is positioned on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate;
a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is 0 to 10V.
2. A liquid crystal waveplate as claimed in claim 1, wherein both electrode layers comprise a planar electrode.
3. A liquid crystal waveplate as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the two electrode layers comprises a plurality of mutually insulated bulk electrodes; the width of the block electrode is greater than or equal to 3 μm.
4. A liquid crystal waveplate as in claim 3, further comprising:
the binding area is positioned at one side edge of the substrate and comprises a plurality of binding pins;
and the signal wires are connected with the block electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence manner, are configured to connect the corresponding block electrodes to at least one binding pin, and are used for respectively carrying out partition control on the liquid crystal layer by applying electric signals to the block electrodes.
5. A liquid crystal waveplate as in claim 1, further comprising:
the first anti-reflection layer is positioned on one side of the first substrate, which is away from the first electrode layer;
and/or a second anti-reflection layer is positioned on one side of the second substrate away from the second electrode layer.
6. The liquid crystal waveplate of claim 5, wherein the materials of the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer each comprise zinc oxide, calcium fluoride, or magnesium fluoride;
the thickness of the first anti-reflection layer and the second anti-reflection layer is 50 nm-500 nm.
7. A liquid crystal waveplate as recited in claim 5, wherein the refractive index of the first anti-reflection layer satisfies the relationship:
n t1 ＝(n g1 +n a )/2；
wherein n is t1 Representing the refractive index of the first anti-reflection layer, n g1 Representing the refractive index of the first substrate, n a Representing the refractive index of air;
the refractive index of the second anti-reflection layer satisfies the following relationship:
n t2 ＝(n g2 +n a )/2；
wherein n is t2 Representing the refractive index of the second anti-reflection layer, n g2 Representing the refractive index of the second substrate, n a Representing the refractive index of air.
8. A liquid crystal waveplate as in claim 1, further comprising:
the alignment layers are divided into a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer; the first alignment layer is positioned on one side of the first electrode layer facing the liquid crystal layer, and the second alignment layer is positioned on one side of the second electrode layer facing the liquid crystal layer; the alignment directions of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are parallel to each other;
and the retaining dam is positioned between the two substrates and surrounds the edges of the two substrates, a sealing space is formed between the retaining dam and the two substrates, and the liquid crystal layer is positioned in the sealing space.
9. A liquid crystal waveplate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are configured to be applied with a first electrical signal, the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer being parallel to the two substrates, the liquid crystal layer having a phase retardation of pi to incident light;
alternatively, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are configured to be applied with a second electric signal, the angle between the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the two substrates is 45 °, and the phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer to incident light is pi/2;
alternatively, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are configured to be applied with a third electric signal, long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are perpendicular to the two substrates, and a phase retardation amount of the liquid crystal layer to incident light is 2pi.
10. A liquid crystal waveplate as claimed in claim 9, wherein the first electrical signal is 0 and the second electrical signal produces half the voltage as the third electrical signal.
11. A liquid crystal waveplate as recited in claim 9, wherein the liquid crystal layer is configured to modulate the polarization state of incident light in the wavelength band of 450nm to 1550 nm.
12. The liquid crystal waveplate of claim 9, wherein the substrate has a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm; the thickness of the electrode layer is 200 nm-2.0 mu m; the liquid crystal layer adopts nematic liquid crystal, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 1.0-12.0 mu m.
13. A driving method based on the liquid crystal wave plate according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising:
receiving a control instruction of a liquid crystal wave plate;
adjusting a driving signal of the liquid crystal wave plate according to the control instruction to enable the liquid crystal wave plate to generate a corresponding phase difference;
wherein the phase difference generated by the liquid crystal layer is in the range of pi/2-2 pi.
14. The driving method of claim 13, wherein adjusting the driving signal of the liquid crystal wave plate according to the control command causes the liquid crystal wave plate to generate a corresponding phase difference, comprising:
applying a first electric signal to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to enable long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer to be parallel to the two substrates, and generating a phase difference of pi;
applying a second electric signal to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer to enable the included angle between the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer and the two substrates to be 45 degrees and the generated phase difference to be pi/2;
a third electric signal is applied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, so that the long axes of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are perpendicular to the two substrates, and the phase difference is 2 pi.
15. The driving method according to claim 14, wherein at least one of the two electrode layers of the liquid crystal wave plate comprises a plurality of mutually insulated bulk electrodes, the plurality of bulk electrodes dividing the liquid crystal layer into a plurality of segments, and the electrical signals applied to the bulk electrodes corresponding to each segment are the same or different.
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