CN116623117A - Impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116623117A CN116623117A CN202310451838.1A CN202310451838A CN116623117A CN 116623117 A CN116623117 A CN 116623117A CN 202310451838 A CN202310451838 A CN 202310451838A CN 116623117 A CN116623117 A CN 116623117A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of abrasion and corrosion protection, and particularly relates to an impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating with a multi-stage layered structure in a marine atmosphere environment and a preparation method thereof, wherein an iron-based amorphous alloy coating and an aluminum alloy coating are deposited on a substrate at intervals to form a hard and soft aligned periodic repetitive structure, so that the corrosion resistance of the coating is greatly improved, no rust (red rust) is generated in a salt spray environment for more than 3000 hours, the deformation is relatively small under a large impact load, no visible crack is generated during multiple impacts, and the abrasion rate is 1/5 of that of a common aluminum alloy and 1/3 of that of a carbon steel substrate under a load friction condition; the principle is scientific and reliable, the deformability and displacement capability, the abrasion resistance and the marine environment corrosion resistance of the coating are strong when the coating is impacted, the problem that special equipment is insufficient in long-acting corrosion resistance and high-strength impact resistance is solved, and the corrosion-resistant, abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant use requirements of large-load components such as aircraft tail hooks are especially met.
Description
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of abrasion and corrosion protection, and particularly relates to an impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating with a multi-stage layered structure in a marine atmosphere environment and a preparation method thereof.
The background technology is as follows:
the aircraft tail hook is an important component for realizing quick landing of a carrier-based aircraft or other fighter aircraft, can help the aircraft to stop within 3 seconds, and needs to bear 3-4G overload. In the landing process, the tail hook is subjected to huge impact (knocking) and friction action during the first landing, stress and fatigue can be generated, after tens to hundreds of times, the tail hook can crack or partially flake off due to accumulated stress and the like, and the tail hook can be broken due to the fact that the tail hook cannot bear the tensile force exerted on the groove by the barrier rope, so that landing accidents can occur. When the aircraft tail hook is in the marine atmosphere environment, the corrosion resistance of the nitriding hardened 30CrMoAl steel is poor, so that the corrosion is easy to thin, and the cavitation is easy to occur, so that the strength is influenced. Meanwhile, the surface after nitriding treatment has larger brittleness, corrosion can be accelerated under the condition of friction impact, and a surface corrosion product film is knocked off, so that the surface corrosion product film and the surface corrosion product film are mutually promoted. In addition, the addition of skid resistant pellets, an additive for improving skid resistance, to the coating material on the flight deck, and film forming resin for securing the skid resistant pellets, increase wear of the tail hooks. In the marine atmosphere, the mechanical impact of various parts is ubiquitous, and under the action of strong impact, the conventional coating is easy to break, so that the protection effect on corrosion and abrasion is lost. The novel coating is urgently required to be developed aiming at the working conditions, the corrosion resistance requirement under the high-strength impact friction condition is met, and a novel technical approach is provided for prolonging the service life of the component.
Protective coatings for such conditions are currently relatively few. The aircraft tail hook in the prior art is mainly hardened by adopting a thermal nitriding process to improve impact resistance and wear resistance, but the service life is generally shorter due to the poor corrosion resistance of a nitriding layer, and the aircraft tail hook can be used for about 80 times. The American aircraft tail hook is treated by nitriding and plasma evaporation aluminum, so that the service life of the aircraft tail hook can be greatly prolonged, and the number of times of using the American ship-based aircraft tail hook is generally about 150 times. However, the coating with the structure still has the problems of small using times and high risk, and new coating materials and processing technologies are necessary to be developed, so that the coating has energy absorption, impact resistance and good corrosion resistance.
Compared with the impact resistance of the coating made of the same material, the shell-like coating has obviously improved impact resistance, and is an ideal coating system under the conditions of strong impact and large load friction. Most of the composition of the shell is inorganic mineral material (95 wt.% of filler is aragonite sheet), the organic matrix only occupies a small part (1-5 III.% of p-chitin and silk fibroin), and the shell not only has a layered multi-level ordered structure, but also has outstanding mechanical properties and toughness which is not possessed by ceramic materials. The mechanical properties of the composite membrane are obviously improved by utilizing multiple hydrogen bonds and a 'brick and mud' microscopic layered structure formed between the element interfaces of the one-dimensional structure and the two-dimensional structure.
The preparation method of the layered structure thermal barrier coating disclosed in China patent 201611013665.1 comprises the following steps: (1) Placing an evaporation material rod on a crucible of a vacuum chamber, placing a workpiece on a horizontal shaft of the vacuum chamber, placing an ion source target into the ion source, and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber; (2) Placing the workpiece right above the evaporation material rod, and placing a baffle plate between the workpiece and the evaporation material rod; (3) Melting the evaporation material rod by using an electron beam until the surface of the evaporation material rod is in a boiling state, and then reducing the electron beam current to keep the evaporation material rod in a reddish state; (4) preheating the workpiece with an electron beam; (5) activating the ion source; (6) Adjusting electron beam current to enable the surface of the evaporation material rod to be in a boiling state, and setting the evaporation material rod to be in an ascending state; (7) Removing the baffle plate to fully expose the workpiece to steam; (8) Reducing ion beam current, then adjusting the size of electron beam current to make the surface of the evaporation material rod in a boiling state, and setting the evaporation material rod in an ascending state; (9) Increasing ion beam current, then reducing electron beam current to make the surface of the evaporation material rod in a reddish state, and keeping the evaporation material rod stationary; (10) Periodically repeating steps 8 and 9 until the deposition process is completed; (11) Closing the electron beam and the ion source, and taking out the workpiece after the workpiece is cooled to room temperature to finish the preparation of the layered structure thermal barrier coating; the method adopts a metal ion beam to bombard and clean a workpiece before the electron beam physical vapor deposition coating, and adopts the metal ion beam to bombard the workpiece when the electron beam physical vapor deposition coating is carried out, and the electron beam current and the ion beam current are periodically regulated in the coating deposition process, so that the coating periodically grows, the preparation of the thermal barrier coating with the layered structure is completed, the heat insulation and stress impact resistance effects of the thermal barrier coating can be further improved, and meanwhile, the long service life of the coating is maintained.
The nanometer composite coating of the shell-like stacked pearl layer disclosed in the China patent 201811229957.8 is provided with a stacked pearl layer structure, wherein the phase structure comprises a hard nanometer metal compound phase and a soft metal phase, the soft metal phase is uniformly layered and distributed in the hard nanometer metal compound phase, the hard nanometer metal compound phase comprises any one or more than two of TiSiCN, tiAlCN and AlSiCN, and the soft metal phase comprises silver and/or copper; the preparation method comprises the following steps: and adopting a multi-arc ion plating technology, respectively taking the multi-element metal leather bar and the soft metal leather bar as leather materials, taking protective gas, nitrogen and torch gas as working gases, applying negative bias to a substrate, applying leather current to the multi-element metal leather bar and the soft metal leather bar, and depositing to form the nano composite coating. The high-hardness high-friction-coefficient high-wear-resistance marine oil has excellent performances of high hardness, low friction coefficient, corrosion resistance and wear resistance in seawater and the like, and has potential application prospects in the fields of marine key parts and medical instrument surface protection.
Chinese patent 202010668429.3 discloses a shell-like multi-arch nano composite coating, which comprises a discontinuous metal seed layer and a continuous multi-arch layer; the discontinuous metal seed layer comprises a plurality of metal island seeds which are discretely distributed on the surface of the substrate; the multi-arch structure layer comprises a plurality of arch structure units which are respectively deposited on the plurality of metal island-shaped seeds, and each arch structure unit comprises more than one arch hard nano ceramic phase layer and more than one arch soft metal phase layer which are alternately deposited on the corresponding metal island-shaped seeds; the preparation method comprises the following steps: and constructing a discontinuous metal seed layer by adopting a vacuum coating technology, and inducing the deposition of a continuous multi-arch structure layer by utilizing the discontinuous metal seed layer, thereby realizing the controllable directional growth of the shell-like multi-arch structure nano composite coating. The artificial diamond has the advantages of being capable of simulating the pearl layer aragonite structure of the abalone shell, high in hardness, high in temperature resistance, high in fracture strength, low in friction coefficient, resistant to corrosion and abrasion in seawater and the like under the condition of keeping good fracture toughness, simple and controllable in preparation process, low in cost, unlimited in workpiece shape, easy to expand production, and great in potential in the fields of new energy, high-efficiency power, ocean engineering, nuclear facilities, microelectronic/optoelectronic devices and the like.
The ceramic-metal composite material with high volume fraction and the hard phase and the soft phase which are similar to the shell brick mud structure disclosed in the Chinese patent 202111403501.0 are alternately arranged, the metal separates the ceramic layers to form ceramic blocks, the aspect ratio of the ceramic blocks is regulated and controlled to be 0.2-20, and then the brick mud structure with discontinuous transverse and longitudinal directions of the ceramic layers is formed, the hard phase component consists of the ceramic materials and products generated by the reaction of the ceramic materials and the metal, the volume fraction of the hard phase reaches 50-90 vol%, and the adjacent ceramic layers are bridged by the products generated by the reaction of the ceramic materials and the metal; the preparation method comprises the following steps: through the directional solidification stage of the ceramic slurry of the freezing casting method, the transverse secondary crystallization of water molecules is induced before solidification, the longitudinal continuous ceramic layer is divided into discontinuous ceramic blocks, the change of the ceramic layer from continuous layers to discontinuous brick mud structures is simply and conveniently realized, the idea of seeking reaction transformation in the infiltration stage is used for converting excessive soft phases into hard phases, the problem of the low hard phase content in the composite material prepared by the freezing casting method is solved, the infiltration quality is improved by regulating and controlling the interface reaction, and the problems of weak interface bonding and residual Kong Tongdeng infiltration defects are solved. The final ceramic-metal composite material with the simulated shell brick mud structure approximates to the structural characteristics of shells, and the volume fraction of the hard phase is up to 50 vol% -2:630 vol%.
However, the coating systems described in the above patents do not meet the long-term, multiple-impact requirements under high impact loads, both in terms of bond strength and in terms of overall load carrying capacity. Therefore, the anti-impact wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating and the preparation method thereof are developed and designed to meet the use requirements of anti-corrosion wear-resistant anti-impact of large-load components such as aircraft tail hooks.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and seeks to design an impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating and a preparation method thereof so as to improve the deformability and displacement capacity, the wear-resistant capacity and the marine environment corrosion resistance of the coating when impacted.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating according to the present invention has a multi-layered structure with a total thickness of 1000-2000 μm, and a main structure as shown in fig. 1, comprising a substrate and a micro-scale groove structure thereon, an aluminum alloy layer disposed on the substrate, and an iron-based amorphous layer disposed on the aluminum alloy layer; the micro-scale groove structure is formed by laser etching or chemical etching, the roughness is 10-45 mu m, the ratio of the diameter to the depth is greater than 3:2, the maximum depth is not more than 45 mu m, and the shape comprises saw tooth shape, square shape, round shape and inverted triangle shape; the aluminum alloy layer and the iron-based amorphous layer 4 are repeatedly arranged at intervals, the minimum 3 layers and the maximum 30 layers are arranged, the aluminum alloy layer can also be an aluminum layer comprising Al-12Si, the bonding strength between the aluminum alloy layer and a matrix is equal to or greater than 30Mpa by adopting plasma magnetron sputtering deposition, the aluminum alloy layer has the optimal shock resistance, the thickness of the first layer is 10-20 mu m after filling the micro-scale groove structure, the thickness of the other layers is 10-20 mu m, the iron-based amorphous layer comprises FeCoNiCr, feCoSi, feCrSi, feCoCrMoCBY, the iron-based amorphous layer is formed by adopting a particle size control mode, the thickness is 50-200 mu m, and the particles can be continuous or discontinuous.
The specific technical process of the preparation method of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating comprises six steps of surface pretreatment, etching of a micro-scale groove structure, deposition of an aluminum alloy layer, deposition of an iron-based amorphous layer, toughening treatment and sealing treatment:
first surface pretreatment
In order to ensure the bonding strength and the impact deformation resistance of the interface between the surface coating and the matrix, the surface of the matrix is subjected to surface cleaning operations such as polishing, sand blasting or chemical cleaning;
the polishing process comprises the following specific steps: grinding wheel grinding or sand paper grinding is adopted, when the sand paper grinding is carried out, the sand paper is sequentially ground to No. 2000 sand paper from No. 200 sand paper according to the requirement, surface dirt is sequentially cleaned by water, alcohol or other solvents, the cleaned surface cleanliness is ensured to reach the level of Sa2.5 or above, no sharp parts exist on the surface, no defects such as welding slag, gaps and the like exist, no macroscopic greasy dirt and abnormal color exist, and the sand paper is dried by hot air for standby;
the specific process of sand blasting comprises the following steps: carrying out sand blasting activation by brown corundum or carrying out acid cleaning according to uniformity, so that roughness is within 15 mu m, the appearance surface of a substrate is uniform and consistent by visual inspection, no attachments such as visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, paint coating and the like exist, compressed air enters a spray gun after passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank with good performance, the pressure range is 0.4-0.7Mpa, and dust removal treatment is carried out by adopting an air gun and a dust collector after sand blasting and rust removal, wherein the humidity is lower than 85% RH;
the specific process of chemical cleaning is as follows: soaking the matrix in aqueous solution of triethanolamine oleate soap, sodium benzoate, triethanolamine or hydrochloric acid for 30s-5min, taking out, cleaning with clear water, and blow-drying with hot air;
(II) etching micro-scale groove structure
Forming an etched microscale groove structure 2 on the surface of the substrate by adopting laser etching and chemical etching, cleaning etching residues, cleaning with water and drying with hot air for later use;
the surface microstructure must have a certain chamfer at the bottom to ensure that the aluminum alloy coating has sufficient anchoring capability when extruded;
the specific process of laser etching is as follows: adopting low-power laser etching, adjusting the power (0.5 kW-5 kW) and the spot diameter (10-45 mu m) of laser according to the size and shape requirements of an etching groove, and adjusting the scanning rate according to the etching depth;
the specific process of chemical etching is as follows: soaking in aqueous solution of triethanolamine oleate soap, sodium benzoate, triethanolamine or hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid) for 5-60 min;
(III) depositing an aluminum alloy layer
Depositing an aluminum alloy layer on the substrate by adopting the technologies such as supersonic flame spraying, supersonic plasma spraying or cold spraying;
before spraying, the substrate is subjected to surface roughening treatment in a sand blasting mode to ensure the bonding strength of the aluminum alloy layer and the substrate, wherein the roughness is 65-100 mu m for a supersonic plasma spraying or cold spraying process, and the roughness is 10-65 mu m for a cold spraying process;
(IV) depositing an iron-based amorphous layer
Depositing an iron-based amorphous layer on the aluminum alloy layer by adopting the processes of supersonic flame spraying, supersonic plasma spraying or cold spraying and the like;
(V) toughening treatment
Sand blasting the substrate obtained in the step (IV) to reduce the thickness of the coating to 10-20 mu m, wiping with sponge balls, removing the defects of effusion, scab and the like, placing in a hearth with the temperature of 280-350 ℃ for 20-150min, and cooling along with a furnace;
(sixth) sealing treatment
In order to ensure good permeability, the hole sealing agent is diluted to ensure that the viscosity is lower than 5m/s, hole sealing is carried out, and the impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating shown in figure 2 is obtained, and the cross section morphology is shown in figure 3;
wherein the hole sealing agent comprises asphalt-based aluminum paste, aluminum silicone resin, silicate, chromate and other inorganic matters.
The interval time between the first step and the second step is less than or equal to 4-12h; the spray powder related in the step (III) and the step (IV) is matched with the process so as to obtain the best coating performance effect, wherein the supersonic flame spraying and the supersonic plasma spraying adopt spherical powder and irregularly-shaped powder, the shape coefficient is more than or equal to 0.4, the particle size is 20-100 mu m, and the cold spraying adopts spherical powder with the particle size of 10-35 mu m; and (fifth), depositing an aluminum alloy layer and an iron-based amorphous layer according to a set number of layers interval.
The impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating has the action mechanism shown in figure 4, and when the impact is applied to a heavy load, the deformation and the sliding of the aluminum alloy layer reduce certain impact energy, and fatigue and crack are reduced; when being subjected to friction load, the soft characteristic of the aluminum alloy layer reduces the friction coefficient, and the hard characteristic of the iron-based amorphous layer provides antifriction and supporting functions; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy layer and the iron-based amorphous layer have excellent corrosion resistance and self-passivation property in the marine atmosphere, and the generated cracks have repairing effect and mutual promotion effect of preventing corrosion and crack growth, so that the use times and the service life are greatly improved; this is because cemented carbides under the same load are prone to cracking, while soft alloys do not withstand long-term heavy-duty wear.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the iron-based amorphous alloy and the aluminum alloy coating are deposited on the substrate at intervals to form a hard and soft aligned periodic repetitive structure, so that the corrosion resistance of the coating is greatly improved, no rust (red rust) is generated more than 3000 hours in a salt spray environment, the deformation is relatively small under a large impact load, no visible crack is generated during multiple impacts, and the wear rate is 1/5 of that of a common aluminum alloy and 1/3 of that of a carbon steel substrate under a load friction condition; the principle is scientific and reliable, the deformability and displacement capability, the abrasion resistance and the marine environment corrosion resistance of the coating are strong when the coating is impacted, the problem that special equipment is insufficient in long-acting corrosion resistance and high-strength impact resistance is solved, and the corrosion-resistant, abrasion-resistant and impact-resistant use requirements of large-load components such as aircraft tail hooks are especially met.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic main structure of an impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is an external view of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating prepared according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional morphology of the impact-resistant wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating prepared by the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of action of the impact-resistant wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating prepared by the invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional morphology of the impact-resistant wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the surface morphology of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention and the hard nitriding coating after 50 times of repetition under the 35J impact condition, wherein a is the hard nitriding coating and b is the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the coefficient of friction of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the wear morphology comparison of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating prepared in example 2 of the present invention and an aluminum alloy coating, a is the aluminum alloy coating, and b is the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating.
Fig. 9 is a schematic polarization curve of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of corrosion morphology and product of the impact-resistant wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
Wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is a micro-scale groove structure, 3 is an aluminum alloy layer (first layer), 4 is an iron-based amorphous layer, and 5 is an aluminum alloy layer (rest layer).
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the main body structure of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating comprises a substrate 1, a micro-scale groove structure 2, a first aluminum alloy layer 3, an iron-based amorphous layer 4 and other aluminum alloy layers 5; a first aluminum alloy layer 3 is arranged on the substrate 1, an iron-based amorphous layer 4 is arranged on the aluminum alloy layer 3, and the rest aluminum alloy layers 5 are arranged on the iron-based amorphous layer 4; in addition, the substrate 1 is further provided with a plurality of microscale groove structures 2 to strengthen the combination of the substrate 1 and the first aluminum alloy layer 3.
The specific technical process of the preparation method of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating comprises the following steps:
firstly, 30CrMoAl steel is used as a matrix 1, brown corundum is adopted to carry out sand blasting activation on the surface of the matrix 1, the used compressed air enters a spray gun after passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank with good performance, the pressure range is 0.6-0.7MPa, and the humidity during spraying is lower than 85% RH;
then, a plurality of microscale groove structures 2 are etched on the surface of the matrix 1 by adopting low-power laser, wherein the laser power is 0.85kW, the spot diameter is 35 mu m, and the scanning speed is 10mm/s;
secondly, adopting a supersonic flame spraying process to deposit spherical powder with the particle size of 20-100 mu m on the surface of the matrix 1 to form a pure aluminum layer 3;
thirdly, adopting a supersonic flame spraying process to deposit spherical powder with the particle size of 20-100 mu m on the surface of the pure aluminum layer 3 to form an iron-based amorphous layer 4;
finally, repeatedly depositing the pure aluminum layer 3 and the iron-based amorphous layer 4 twice in sequence to form an impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating, wherein the cross section morphology of the anti-corrosion coating is shown in figure 5, and the anti-corrosion coating is alternately composed of coatings with different thicknesses and substances, has good bonding morphology, has an inlaid structure between different layers, and can provide better blocking effect for an anti-peeling test of the coating; the surface morphology pair of the hard nitriding coating and the hard nitriding coating after the hard nitriding coating is repeated for 50 times under the 35J impact condition is as shown in figure 6, the hard nitriding coating has very serious cracks, the impact-resistant wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating still maintains the relatively complete surface morphology, and no cracks are generated.
Example 2:
the specific technical process of the preparation method of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating comprises the following steps:
firstly, 30CrMoAl steel is used as a matrix 1, brown corundum is adopted to carry out sand blasting activation on the surface of the matrix 1, the used compressed air enters a spray gun after passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank with good performance, the pressure range is 0.6-0.7MPa, and the humidity during spraying is lower than 85% RH;
then, a plurality of microscale groove structures 2 are etched on the surface of the matrix 1 by adopting low-power laser, wherein the laser power is 0.85kW, the spot diameter is 35 mu m, and the scanning speed is 10mm/s;
secondly, adopting a supersonic flame spraying process to deposit spherical powder with the particle size of 20-100 mu m on the surface of the matrix 1 to form a pure aluminum layer 3;
thirdly, adopting a supersonic flame spraying process to deposit spherical powder with the particle size of 20-100 mu m on the surface of the pure aluminum layer 3 to form an iron-based amorphous layer 4;
finally, repeatedly depositing the pure aluminum layer 3 and the iron-based amorphous layer 4 four times in sequence to form an impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating with the thickness of 1mm, and placing the coating in an air environment with the temperature of 320 ℃ for heat preservation for 30min, and cooling the coating;
the friction and wear test is carried out by adopting a ball disc friction mode, the test pressure is 10N, the round trip is 1000 times, the friction pair is a SiC ball with the diameter of 4mm, the friction coefficient is shown in figure 7, the wear appearance pair with an aluminum alloy coating is shown in figure 8, the wear depth is less than 1/10 of that of a common steel substrate, and the wear resistance is greatly improved.
Example 3:
the specific technical process of the preparation method of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating comprises the following steps:
firstly, 30CrMoAl steel is used as a matrix 1, brown corundum is adopted to carry out sand blasting activation on the surface of the matrix 1, the used compressed air enters a spray gun after passing through an oil-water separator and a buffer tank with good performance, the pressure range is 0.6-0.7MPa, and the humidity during spraying is lower than 85% RH;
then, a plurality of microscale groove structures 2 are etched on the surface of the matrix 1 by adopting low-power laser, wherein the laser power is 0.85kW, the spot diameter is 35 mu m, and the scanning speed is 10mm/s;
secondly, adopting a supersonic flame spraying process to deposit spherical powder with the particle size of 20-100 mu m on the surface of the matrix 1 to form a pure aluminum layer 3;
thirdly, adopting a supersonic flame spraying process to deposit spherical powder with the particle size of 20-100 mu m on the surface of the pure aluminum layer 3 to form an iron-based amorphous layer 4;
finally, repeatedly depositing a plurality of pure aluminum layers 3 and iron-based amorphous layers 4 in sequence to form an impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating, wherein the polarization curve of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating is shown in figure 9, the corrosion appearance and the product after being soaked in seawater for 2000 hours are shown in figure 10, the corrosion product is mainly composed of aluminum, a very small amount of iron elements is contained, the corrosion rate is greatly increased along with the time, and then the corrosion product is greatly fallen back after being passivated by two components in the corrosion product and the coating to 1.16X10-6A/cm 2 The anti-impact wear-resistant anticorrosive coating has longer protection life.
Claims (10)
1. The anti-impact wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating is of a multi-level structure and is characterized by comprising a substrate and a micro-scale groove structure arranged on the substrate, an aluminum alloy layer arranged on the substrate and an iron-based amorphous layer arranged on the aluminum alloy layer.
2. The impact-resistant wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating according to claim 1, wherein the microscale trench structure is formed by laser etching or chemical etching, has a roughness of 10-45 μm, a diameter to depth ratio of greater than 3:2, and a maximum depth of no more than 45 μm, and has a shape including saw tooth, square, circular, and inverted triangle.
3. The anti-impact wear-resistant anticorrosive coating according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy layer and the iron-based amorphous layer are repeatedly arranged at intervals, the minimum number of the layers is 3, the maximum number of the layers is 30, the thickness of the first layer is 10-20 mu m for filling the micro-scale groove structure, the thickness of the other layers is 10-20 mu m, the iron-based amorphous layer comprises FeCoNiCr, feCoSi, feCrSi, feCoCrMoCBY, the thickness is 50-200 mu m by adopting a particle size control mode, and the particles are continuous or discontinuous.
4. An impact-resistant wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the total thickness is 1000-2000 μm.
5. The impact-resistant wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating according to claim 4, wherein the aluminum alloy layer is an aluminum layer comprising Al-12Si and is formed by plasma magnetron sputtering deposition, and the bonding strength with a substrate is more than or equal to 30Mpa.
6. The preparation method of the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating is characterized by comprising five steps of etching a microscale groove structure, depositing an aluminum alloy layer, depositing an iron-based amorphous layer, toughening and sealing:
first, etching micro-scale groove structure
Forming an etched micro-scale groove structure on the surface of the substrate by adopting laser etching and chemical etching;
(II) depositing an aluminum alloy layer
Depositing an aluminum alloy layer on the substrate by adopting a supersonic flame spraying, supersonic plasma spraying or cold spraying process;
(III) depositing an iron-based amorphous layer
Depositing an iron-based amorphous layer on the aluminum alloy layer by adopting a supersonic flame spraying, supersonic plasma spraying or cold spraying process;
(IV) toughening treatment
Sand blasting is carried out on the substrate obtained in the step (III), so that the thickness of the coating is reduced to 10-20 mu m, and the substrate is placed in a hearth with the temperature of 280-350 ℃ for standing for 20-150min and is cooled along with a furnace;
(fifth) sealing treatment
And (3) diluting the hole sealing agent to enable the viscosity to be lower than 5m/s, and sealing holes to obtain the impact-resistant wear-resistant anticorrosive coating.
7. The method for preparing the anti-impact wear-resistant anti-corrosion coating according to claim 6, wherein the specific process of laser etching involved in the step (one) is as follows: adopting low-power laser etching, adjusting the power and the spot diameter of laser according to the size and shape requirements of an etching groove, and adjusting the scanning rate according to the etching depth; the specific process of chemical etching is as follows: soaking in triethanolamine oleate soap, sodium benzoate, triethanolamine or hydrochloric acid/sulfuric acid water solution for 5-60 min; the spray powder related in the step (II) and the step (III) is matched with the process, wherein the supersonic flame spray and the supersonic plasma spray adopt spherical powder and irregularly-shaped powder, the shape coefficient is more than or equal to 0.4, the particle size is 20-100 mu m, and the cold spray adopts spherical powder with the particle size of 10-35 mu m; the hole sealing agent related in the step (five) comprises asphalt-based aluminum paste, aluminum silicone resin, silicate and chromate inorganic matters.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the substrate is cleaned within 4 to 12 hours before step (i).
9. The method of producing an impact-resistant, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating according to claim 6, wherein the aluminum alloy layer and the iron-based amorphous layer are deposited at a set number of intervals prior to step (four).
10. The method for preparing an anti-impact wear-resistant anticorrosive coating according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the action mechanism is that when the coating is impacted by heavy load, the deformation and sliding of the aluminum alloy layer reduce certain impact energy, and fatigue and crack are reduced; when being subjected to friction load, the soft characteristic of the aluminum alloy layer reduces the friction coefficient, and the hard characteristic of the iron-based amorphous layer provides antifriction and supporting functions; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy layer and the iron-based amorphous layer have corrosion resistance and self-passivation property in the marine atmosphere, and generated cracks have repairing effect and interaction promotion effect of preventing corrosion and crack growth, so that the use times and service life are improved.
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