CN116622956A - Ultrasonic-direct current energy field-based forging hydrogen expansion assisting method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-direct current energy field-based forging hydrogen expansion assisting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116622956A CN116622956A CN202310563999.XA CN202310563999A CN116622956A CN 116622956 A CN116622956 A CN 116622956A CN 202310563999 A CN202310563999 A CN 202310563999A CN 116622956 A CN116622956 A CN 116622956A
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- direct current
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- forging
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract description 17
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
- C21D3/06—Extraction of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on an ultrasonic-direct current energy field, which utilizes an externally added ultrasonic-direct current energy field to assist metal hydrogen expansion, and comprises the following steps: s1, placing a heat-treated workpiece on a support frame in a water tank; s2, connecting wires on two sides of the metal workpiece, connecting a direct current power supply to the other end of the wires, and starting the power supply; s3, injecting a saline solution medium until the workpiece is immersed; s4, fixing ultrasonic transducers on two sides of the water tank, starting the ultrasonic transducers, and discharging hydrogen. After the treatment by the method, hydrogen atoms in most metals can be effectively removed in a short time, so that the original elongation of the metals is recovered, the strength after hydrogen charging is maintained, the heat treatment time is reduced, the defects of cracking, tempering brittleness and the like of the metals caused by the heat treatment are avoided, and the service life of the metals is prolonged. Compared with the existing dehydrogenation heat treatment, the method can save time and remove hydrogen more efficiently by adopting the mode of overlapping two energy fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material treatment, in particular to a method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on an ultrasonic-direct current energy field.
Background
Hydrogen is one of the important hazards affecting the safe service of metallic materials. The harm of hydrogen atoms to metals is very wide in industries, such as aerospace, petroleum and natural gas, metallurgy and the like, and metal hydrogen embrittlement can occur from large to large forgings to small to screw nuts.
The hydrogen atoms in the metal can be divided into endogenous hydrogen and exogenous hydrogen according to sources, wherein the endogenous hydrogen refers to the hydrogen atoms introduced in the metal material during the processing process, such as smelting, processing, acid washing, electroplating, heat treatment and the like, and the hydrogen in the air or liquid can be permeated into the material in different modes. The exogenous hydrogen refers to the process of obtaining hydrogen in the surrounding environment during the service process of hydrogen atoms, such as a pipeline for transporting gas, a high-temperature high-pressure container, a steam turbine and other special environments, and the special environments can accelerate the absorption of hydrogen by materials. The damage of the endogenous hydrogen to the metal is light, the quality of the material is affected, and the processed part is directly scrapped if the endogenous hydrogen is heavy. For large forgings, the effect of endogenous hydrogen is more fatal, and if the parts are not subjected to hydrogen discharge treatment before being processed, the processed parts are damaged by the hydrogen existing inside at any time like a timing bomb.
The forge piece is a key part in the mechanical manufacturing industry, in particular to heavy equipment such as nuclear power and thermal power generator rotors, wide and thick plate rolling rollers, large ship crankshafts and the like, and the thermal processing forming manufacturing is a key process link. The segregation, shrinkage cavity and porosity defects inside the forging seriously affect the forging quality due to the large size and weight of the large part. Especially equipment damage caused by hydrogen damage is difficult to predict and evaluate. Although the technology of vacuum smelting and heat treatment hydrogen diffusion is adopted in the engineering, the problem of hydrogen hazard cannot be thoroughly eradicated. In general, the solubility of hydrogen in solid steel is far lower than that of liquid steel, and during solidification of steel ingots, hydrogen is precipitated from steel, a part of hydrogen is precipitated in the form of single bubbles, a part of hydrogen remains in various defects of crystals, a part of hydrogen diffuses to a high-temperature region, hydrogen molecules are formed in heterogeneous regions in large forgings, hydrogen atoms cannot diffuse once they are formed, and generation of white spots is induced: this is because the diameter of the hydrogen atoms is only 0.1nm, the diameter of the hydrogen atoms after being compounded into hydrogen molecules is 0.29nm, the volume is 16 times that of the hydrogen atoms, and the hydrogen atoms are larger than the gaps of three structures of the face-centered cubic structure, the body-centered cubic structure and the close-packed hexagonal structure of the most common typical metal crystals, so that the hydrogen is locally enriched and the mechanical property of the material is lost. Therefore, the dehydrogenation treatment of the large-sized forging is an important process in the hot working process, and is also a key factor causing long manufacturing period and high production cost. The presence of hydrogen, even if present in a small amount, can have a very large impact on the plasticity and toughness of the forging, resulting in the formation of white spots in the forging. The hydrogen dissolved in the steel is a main cause of white spots, so that the forging suddenly has internal cracks in processing or use, and the forging is scrapped, thereby causing serious accidents or damages.
In order to reduce the hydrogen content in steel, this can be achieved either by vacuum degassing of the molten steel or by dehydroannealing of billets or forgings, the latter method being conventional and still widely used at present. In production, the thermal hydrogen diffusion annealing process performed according to the conventional method and experience consumes a great deal of energy and time, and a part of novel heat treatment processes exist at present, and the hydrogen content in the forge piece can be reduced by improving the specific heat preservation time and the specific heat preservation temperature, but the heat treatment processes take longer time, and the temperature range and the time are limited by materials and fluctuate greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on an ultrasonic-direct current energy field, which aims to solve the problem of hydrogen embrittlement such as white spots and the like caused by hydrogen in metal at present and provides an effective scheme for discharging hydrogen in metal in actual production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on an ultrasonic-direct current energy field, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a metal workpiece subjected to heat treatment on a support frame in a water tank;
s2, connecting wires on two sides of the metal workpiece, connecting a direct current power supply to the other end of the wires, and starting the power supply;
s3, injecting a saline solution medium into the water tank until the metal workpiece is not used;
s4, respectively fixing ultrasonic transducers on two sides of the water tank, starting the ultrasonic transducers, and discharging hydrogen.
Further, in the step S2, the current density of the direct current power supply is 0-10A/m2, and the action time is 1-120min.
Further, in the step S3, the salt solution medium is aqueous sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution.
Further, the concentration of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 0-20%.
Further, in the step S4, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 20-100kHz, and the action time is 1-120min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can effectively remove most of hydrogen atoms in the metal in a short time, and simultaneously can reduce the time of heat treatment, thereby avoiding the defects of cracking, tempering brittleness and the like of the forging due to heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection line of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing stress-strain curves of original, hydrogen-charged and ultrasonic-DC energy field hydrogen-expanded samples according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing stress-strain curves of original, hydrogen-charged and ultrasonic-DC energy field hydrogen-expanded samples according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of stress-strain curves of original, hydrogen-charged and ultrasonic-dc energy field hydrogen-expanded samples according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the reference numerals: 1-a water tank; 2-supporting frames; 3-a workpiece; 4-salt solution medium; 5-direct current power supply; 6-ultrasonic transducer.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
The invention provides a method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on an ultrasonic-direct current energy field, which is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following specific implementation processes:
s1, placing a metal workpiece subjected to heat treatment on a support frame in a water tank;
s2, connecting wires on two sides of the metal workpiece, connecting a direct current power supply to the other end of the wires, and starting the power supply; wherein the current density of the direct current power supply is 0-10A/m2, and the action time is 1-120min.
S3, injecting a saline solution medium into the water tank until the metal workpiece is not used; the salt solution medium is sodium chloride aqueous solution (concentration is 0-20%) or alcohol solution.
S4, respectively fixing ultrasonic transducers on two sides of the water tank, starting the ultrasonic transducers, and discharging hydrogen; wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 20-100kHz, and the action time is 1-120min.
According to the invention, through applying an ultrasonic and direct current superimposed energy field to the metal forging in the solution, the diffusion of hydrogen atoms in the forging can be accelerated, and most hydrogen atoms in the forging can be effectively removed in a short time. The principle of the method mainly comprises that a direct current and ultrasonic energy field provides energy for separating hydrogen atoms in the forge piece from the hydrogen trap, so that the aggregation and restraint effect of the hydrogen trap on the hydrogen atoms are reduced; ultrasonic waves act on the surface of the forging piece through a liquid medium to generate ultrasonic cavitation, high-frequency acting load is formed on the surface of the forging piece, stress gradient is generated in the forging piece, and the hydrogen atoms are enabled to generate stress induced diffusion behaviors, so that the hydrogen atoms are accelerated to diffuse out of the inside of the forging piece.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
SA508 was processed into 4 standard tensile samples using wire-cut, one of which was drawn as the original data, and the remaining 3 sheets were electrochemically charged with hydrogen. Wherein the hydrogen charging solution is H of 0.5mol/L 2 SO 4 Dropping two drops of Na into the solution 2 S is used as a poisoning agent, the charging current is 200mA, and the charging time is 1h. After hydrogen filling, a piece of the fiber is taken out to directly carry out slow strain rate stretching; carrying out ultrasonic-direct current energy field assisted hydrogen diffusion on the other 2 pieces, wherein one piece is placed in a sodium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 20%, the current i=200 mA, the ultrasonic frequency f=40 kHz and the time t=30 min, and the ultrasonic-direct current hydrogen diffusion is marked as 'ultrasonic-direct current hydrogen diffusion-1'; another piece is placed at C 2 H 5 In the OH solution, the ultrasonic frequency f=40 kHz and the time t=40 min are marked as ultrasonic-direct current hydrogen diffusion-2 ". After the end of the hydrogen diffusion, the sample was subjected to a slow-rate stretching experiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, the yield strength after hydrogen charging is increased from 274MPa to 313MPa, and the elongation is reduced from 22.7% to 13.8%; after the ultrasonic-direct current energy field assisted hydrogen expansion method is adopted, the yield strength of the ultrasonic-direct current hydrogen expansion-1 is increased from 274MPa to 338MPa, and the elongation rate is increased from 13.8% to 21.9% after hydrogen filling; after the ultrasonic-direct current energy field assisted hydrogen expansion method is adopted, the yield strength of the ultrasonic-direct current hydrogen expansion-2 is increased from 274MPa to 303MPa, and the elongation rate is increased from 13.8% to 24.5% after hydrogen filling, so that the original elongation rate is exceeded. It can be concluded that the method can effectively recover the plastic loss of the metal.
Example two
And processing 20CrMo into 3 standard tensile samples by using wire cutting, taking out one tensile sample as original data, and carrying out electrochemical hydrogen charging on the other two tensile samples. Wherein the hydrogen charging solution is H of 0.5mol/L 2 SO 4 Dropping two drops of Na into the solution 2 S is used as a poisoning agent, the charging current is 200mA, and the charging time is 1h. After hydrogen filling, a piece of the fiber is taken out to directly carry out slow strain rate stretching; the other piece is subjected to ultrasonic-direct current energy field assisted hydrogen diffusion, and is placed in sodium chloride aqueous solution with concentration of 2%, current i=200 mA, ultrasonic frequency f=40 kHz and time t=40 min; after 40min the samples were subjected to a slow rate stretching experiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, the yield strength after charging is increased from 398MPa to 418MPa, and the elongation is reduced from 31.5% to 23.6%; after the ultrasonic-direct current energy field assisted hydrogen diffusion method is adopted, the yield strength is reduced from 398MPa to 374MPa, but the elongation rate is increased from 23.6% to 29.3% after hydrogen charging, and the elongation rate is not greatly different from the original elongation rate.
Example III
The 40 steel was processed into 3 standard tensile specimens by wire cutting, one of the tensile specimens was taken out as the original data, and the other two were electrochemically charged with hydrogen. Wherein the hydrogen charging solution is H of 0.5mol/L 2 SO 4 Dropping two drops of Na into the solution 2 S is used as a poisoning agent, the charging current is 200mA, and the charging time is 1h. After hydrogen filling, a piece of the fiber is taken out to directly carry out slow strain rate stretching; the other piece is subjected to ultrasonic-direct current energy field assisted hydrogen diffusion, and is placed in sodium chloride aqueous solution with concentration of 2%, current i=200 mA, ultrasonic frequency f=40 kHz and time t=30 min; after 30min the samples were subjected to a slow rate stretching experiment.
As shown in fig. 4, the yield strength after charging increases from 578MPa to 611MPa, and the elongation decreases from 21.9% to 14.7%; after the ultrasonic-direct current energy field assisted hydrogen diffusion method is adopted, the yield strength is increased from 578MPa to 593MPa, the elongation is increased from 14.7% to 17.9% after hydrogen charging, and most of molding losses are recovered.
The invention is not fully described in detail in the prior art.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on an ultrasonic-direct current energy field is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a metal workpiece subjected to heat treatment on a support frame in a water tank;
s2, connecting wires on two sides of the metal workpiece, connecting a direct current power supply to the other end of the wires, and starting the power supply;
s3, injecting a saline solution medium into the water tank until the metal workpiece is not used;
s4, respectively fixing ultrasonic transducers on two sides of the water tank, starting the ultrasonic transducers, and discharging hydrogen.
2. The method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on the ultrasonic-direct current energy field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S2, the current density of the direct current power supply is 0-10A/m2, and the action time is 1-120min.
3. The method for assisting forging hydrogen expansion based on the ultrasonic-direct current energy field according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S3, the salt solution medium is aqueous sodium chloride solution or alcoholic solution.
4. The method for assisting forging in expanding hydrogen based on ultrasonic-direct current energy field according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 0-20%.
5. The method for assisting forging in expanding hydrogen based on ultrasonic-direct current energy field according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 20-100kHz, and the action time is 1-120min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310563999.XA CN116622956A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | Ultrasonic-direct current energy field-based forging hydrogen expansion assisting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310563999.XA CN116622956A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | Ultrasonic-direct current energy field-based forging hydrogen expansion assisting method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN202310563999.XA Pending CN116622956A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | Ultrasonic-direct current energy field-based forging hydrogen expansion assisting method |
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| CN (1) | CN116622956A (en) |
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- 2023-05-18 CN CN202310563999.XA patent/CN116622956A/en active Pending
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