CN116616860A - 微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器及颅内血肿清除方法 - Google Patents
微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器及颅内血肿清除方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器颅内血肿清除方法,由血肿排空组件、冲水电凝组件、神经内镜接口组件和神经内镜构成。所述血肿排空组件具有无轴螺旋泵管,所述无轴螺旋泵管内壁固定有双螺旋叶片或多头螺旋叶片,在无轴螺旋泵管的前端设有用于粉碎血肿的类球形粉碎头,冲水组件的持续冲洗及血肿排空组件的负压抽吸,所述电凝管的内壁中嵌入两根电极,正负电极的工作面端延伸出电凝管的端部,在出血时可由连接的高频电凝器对出血点进行准确及时的电凝止血。该微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器集术野直视、血肿的粉碎及抽吸、电凝止血、术野冲洗为一体,该方法使损伤达到最小,且能够简化手术、缩短手术时间、降低手术风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域,特别是微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器及颅内血肿清除方法。
背景技术
近年来据统计脑血管病的发病率、伤残率及死亡率占据于各国的首位,我国的脑血管病更是首当其冲,国家脑防委也积极推进全国的脑卒中建设。脑血管病的防治已成为我国重要的公共卫生问题。出血性脑血管病若能得到及时有效的治疗,能够达到生活自理或回归正常生活,能够给家庭或社会减轻沉重的负担。
由于各种原因导致当颅内脑组织、脑膜或期间走行的血管破裂,致血液集聚于脑内或者脑与颅骨之间,血液聚集凝固颅内血肿形成,并对脑组织产生压迫并导致严重的继发性病变。发生率约占闭合性颅脑损伤的10%和重型颅脑损伤的40%~50%。在现有的治疗手段中,手术清除造成继发性严重性脑损伤的脑内血肿是最佳的治疗措施。
随技术进展,原来的颅内血肿清除术由大骨瓣开颅脑内血肿清除术发展到小骨窗显微镜下微创血肿清除术,神经内镜下脑内血肿微创清除术,立体定向辅助及最新手术机器人辅助脑内血肿碎吸术,使脑内血肿清除越来越微创,但是前三种血肿清除术对正常脑组织的创伤大,立体定向辅助或手术机器人辅助脑内血肿碎吸术无法直视血肿及术中止血,购买设备昂贵,适用范围仍受限。
目前的脑血肿清除器仍处于不完善阶段,最初是不能直视,随后是不能有效粉碎血凝块,不能术中止血等不完善技术导致实用性差,仅存在专利文书中,未能转化成实际产品并推广应用。
综上所述,目前每种颅内血肿清除手术方式都不能“同时”解决微创、直视、止血、冲水清晰术野,清除血肿五大问题。因此,研发一种可以微创、直视、安全高效清除颅内血肿、术中能止血的实用血肿清除器至关重要,若能与立体定向及手术机器人结合,颅内血肿清除手术会更加完美。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的上述缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种微创、可视化、血肿碎吸效果好且能够电凝止血的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种利用微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器对颅内血肿清除方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案:
一种微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,由血肿排空组件、冲水电凝组件、神经内镜接口组件和神经内镜构成。其中:所述血肿排空组件由无轴螺旋泵管和血肿排空连接件构成;无轴螺旋泵管插入并卡装在血肿排空连接件第一接口,无轴螺旋泵管内壁固定有螺旋叶片,在螺旋叶片头端有血肿切割粉碎头;所述血肿排空连接件第二接口与冲水连接件第一出口外壁形成嵌套密闭连接,与冲水电凝组件外壁及冲水连接件构成血肿排出腔;血肿排空连接件向外伸出的部分为血肿排出接口,血肿排出接口在使用时可配合连接负压吸引器,在清除血肿时,可通过负压吸引使血肿进入无轴螺旋泵管内,便于血肿被切割粉碎排除;所述冲水电凝组件由电凝管、正负电凝电极和冲水连接件构成;电凝管套装冲水连接件内第一接口内并形成密闭连接,且穿过血肿排空连接件和螺旋泵管中心;电凝管壁内嵌入所述正负电凝电极,正负电凝电极的头端延伸凸出电凝管头端截面,正负电凝电极的另一端由正负导线穿出冲水连接件管壁引出,使用时连接高频电凝器用于电凝止血;所述冲水连接件为一个三通构件,冲水连接件第一接口外壁与所述血肿排空连接件第二接口形成嵌套密闭连接,使电凝管外壁与无轴螺旋泵管及血肿排空连接件构成血肿排出管腔,冲水连接件第二接口嵌入神经内镜接口组件形成密闭连接,形成冲水腔,冲水连接件向管壁外伸出部分为进水连接口,使用时进水孔连接口可连接输液器,起到冲水清洁神经内镜内镜头和术野;冲水连接件的内腔与所述电凝管连通;所述神经内镜与神经内镜接口组件配合连接,神经内镜镜体穿过所述冲水连接件和电凝管的中心,镜体与电凝管内壁之间的间隙构成冲水的进液通道,使用时,神经内镜连接神经内镜的主机光源、摄像系统及显示屏,达到术野可视效果。
优选的,所述无轴螺旋泵管由螺旋叶片与泵管壁结构紧密结合的一体结构,螺旋叶片为两个或多个螺旋叶片。所述无轴螺旋泵管能够卡装在血肿排空三通件上能够旋转。
优选的,所述无轴螺旋泵管由螺旋叶片与泵管结构紧密结合的一体结构起头端有类球形血肿切割粉碎头,所述类球形血肿切割粉碎头由钝刃、类球形外凸面和类球形内凹面构成;一缘融合在螺旋叶片头端下缘,另一缘与无轴螺旋泵管头端对应的部分边缘融合,第三缘游离为钝性血肿切割刃;无轴螺旋叶片,无轴螺旋泵管和类球形血肿切割粉碎头构成在旋转时钝性切割、凹面推动血肿运动的螺旋形血肿排空通道腔。螺旋叶片为双头或多头螺旋叶片,通过手指捻转作用下,无轴螺旋泵管的头端球形血肿切割粉碎头可切割粉碎血肿,其内凹面与螺旋凹面在旋转的作用下能推动粉碎血肿在螺旋管内输送;血肿排出接口在使用时可配合连接负压吸引器,可再通过负压吸引,更有利于血肿被切割粉碎排除。
优选的,所述类球形血肿切割粉碎头具有第一刀刃部和第二刀刃部,所述第一刀刃部 和第二刀刃部,所述连接的螺旋叶片的外侧呈类球面形,刀刃部前端对应排血肿的螺旋通道;所述血肿切割粉碎头也可为更多个。
优选的,所述微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器可根据需要采用硅胶、陶瓷、玻璃材料或金属等不同材料制成,可一次性使用或反复多次使用,实现最大性价比。
优选的,所述无轴螺旋泵管的外侧面上设有用于测量伸入颅内深度的刻度线。
所述冲水电凝组件持续冲水,既保证神经内镜镜头清洁不被血渍沾染便于观察术野,也起到冲洗术野作用,与血肿排空组件结合形成冲洗排空通路,利于血肿排出;冲水电凝组件的电极在发现出血时可及时进行电凝止血,尤其是在冲水条件下能够减轻电凝对周围脑组织热烧伤。
所述神经内镜位于所述的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器旋转中心轴;神经内镜由电子内镜或置入微型摄像头替代做成分体或一体结构。所述神经内镜在手术中与神经内镜主机连接,可起到直视血肿穿刺,切割粉碎血肿而不伤及脑组织和血管,直视电凝止血。
所述微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器直径仅有数毫米,依据现有内镜直径可做成不同规格,开颅可采取锥颅或钻孔,造成正常脑组织损伤最小,属最微创操作,可与脑立体定向器或手术机器人结合,使手术更加精准,更适合于以前认为的手术禁区,脑干手术。
一种颅内血肿清除方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)血肿穿刺定位:利用病人的颅脑CT的轴位片、矢状位片和冠状位片进行术前规划,回避功能区和脑血管,获取穿刺点、穿刺角度和穿刺深度;
(2)制作血肿穿刺隧道:在穿刺点进行微创打孔,神经内镜插入穿刺鞘内,根据穿刺角度和穿刺深度将插入神经内镜的穿刺鞘伸入颅内,在可视情况下探查血肿位置,记录血肿穿刺方向和穿刺深度,拔出穿刺鞘;
(3)穿刺前调试微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器:将微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的进水连接口连接无菌生理盐水的输液器,血肿排出接口连接负压吸引器,在生理盐水中调试至负压合适,冲水腔和血肿排除腔灌满生理盐水且通畅;正负电凝电极的另一端由正负导线连接高频电凝器,调节并测试效果;
(4)穿刺清除血肿:将微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器沿上述穿刺鞘穿刺隧道插入颅内,在神经内镜直视下,将所述微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的头端置于血肿内;在神经内镜的直视下,用手指捻转无轴螺旋泵管,无轴螺旋泵管端部的类球形血肿切割粉碎头会对血肿进行切割粉碎,旋转的过程中血肿碎屑在血肿切割粉碎头的内凹面和螺旋叶片的推进作用及负压吸引器的吸引下通过血肿排出接口排出颅外;可根据血肿清除情况不断调整微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的方向和深度,直至血肿清除彻底;
(5)电凝止血:在微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器清除血肿过程中若发现出血部位或出血血管,调整微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,将冲水电凝组件的电极抵在出血部位,进行电凝止血。
(6)在步骤(4)和(5)中,冲水和负压一直开启,既保证神经内镜镜头清洁不被血渍沾染便于观察术野;也保证电凝止血时减少电凝周围脑组织的热烧伤。
采用上述技术方案的有益效果:该微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,具有血肿排空组件,所述血肿排空组件具有无轴螺旋泵管,所述无轴螺旋泵管内壁固定有双螺旋叶片或多头螺旋叶片,在无轴螺旋泵管的前端设有用于粉碎血肿的类球形粉碎头,是无创脑内血肿清除的主要工具。所述类球形血肿切割粉碎头的钝刃和类球形外凸面能保护较血肿具有韧性的脑组织及血管,又能切割粉碎相对脆弱的血肿,且类球形内凹面能推动血肿在螺旋泵管内移动的。使用时把螺旋泵管头部放到血肿位置,通过旋转无轴螺旋泵管,在类球形血肿切割粉碎头和螺旋叶片的推进作用及负压吸引器的吸引下对血肿进行切割粉碎清除,同时通过神经内镜的直视术野,精准控制清除效果,能达到血肿清除彻底,且能避免血管及脑组织损伤、电凝出血的破裂血管。所述无轴螺旋泵管由螺旋叶片、泵管和螺旋叶片头端类球形血肿切割粉碎头紧密结合成的一个结合体,类球形血肿切割粉碎头在手持无轴螺旋泵管旋转切割时,钝性切刃和球面形外凸面不损伤较血肿韧的脑血管及脑组织,球面形内凹面推动血肿运动的螺旋形血肿排空通道腔,安全性好。冲水组件的持续冲洗及血肿排空组件的负压抽吸,保证了神经内镜镜头不被血渍沾染影响术中观察、术野的清洁、促使切割粉碎血肿及时排除,从而避免了手术操作盲目性。所述电凝管的内壁中嵌入两根电极,正负电极的工作面端延伸出电凝管的端部,在出血时可由连接的高频电凝器对出血点进行准确及时的电凝止血。
与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
(1)、该微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器集术野直视、血肿的粉碎及抽吸、电凝止血、术野冲洗为一体,具备脑内血肿清除术的所有功能与一身;
(2)、该微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器结构设计巧妙紧凑,操作便捷,仅需手术者一人单独进行精准操作,减少人力浪费,是目前现有技术不具备的;
(3)该微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器所需开颅仅需锥颅或钻孔操作,且正常脑组织损伤达到最小,且能够简化手术、缩短手术时间、降低手术风险、促进患者的康复速度、减少患者的费用;
(4)该微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器可与脑立体定向仪及手术机器人结合应用,是脑内血肿清除术更加精准,彻底清除脑干血肿;
(5)该创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器应用不同材质制作,达到降低耗材,降低病人负担。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明的立体结构示意图;
图2为图1的剖面图;
图3为血肿排空组件的结构示意图;
图4为冲水电凝组件的结构示意图;
图5为图1端部的放大图;
图6为图1端部另一角度的放大图;
图7为穿刺鞘的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1-6所示的一种微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,由血肿排空组件、冲水电凝组件、神经内镜接口组件2.1和神经内镜1构成。
如图3所示,所述血肿排空组件由无轴螺旋泵管6和血肿排空连接件8构成。所述血肿排空连接件8具有第一接口8.2、第二接口8.1和排出口4;所述无轴螺旋泵管6插入并卡装在血肿排空连接件8的第一接口8.2,,卡装方式可以采用其他惯用的结构方式。所述无轴螺旋泵管的外侧面上设有用于测量伸入颅内深度的刻度线,内壁固定有螺旋叶片及类球形血肿切割粉碎头,如图5、6所示的是双螺旋叶片,所述双螺旋叶片与泵管结构紧密结合的一体结构。双螺旋叶片6.1在无轴螺旋泵管6的前端有用于切割粉碎血肿的类球形血肿切割粉碎头,所述类球形血肿切割粉碎头由钝刃、类球形外凸面和类球形内凹面构成;一缘融合在螺旋叶片头端下缘,另一缘与无轴螺旋泵管头端对应的部分边缘融合,第三缘游离为钝性血肿切割刃;无轴螺旋叶片,无轴螺旋泵管和类球形血肿切割粉碎头构成在旋转时钝性切割、凹面推动血肿运动的螺旋形血肿排空通道腔。具体的,所述类球形血肿切割粉碎头具有第一刀刃部6.2和第二刀刃部6.3.1,所述第一刀刃部6.2和第二刀刃部6.3.1所述连接的螺旋叶片的外侧对应呈第一球形凸面6.9和第二球形凸面6.8,所述第一球形凸面6.9和第二球形凸面6.8构成类球形,刀刃部前端对应排血肿的第一螺旋通道6.6和第二螺旋通道6.7。刀刃部旋转切割血肿,血肿碎屑通过螺旋通道向外排出。所述血肿排空组件的血肿排出接口4在使用时配合连接负压吸引器;所述螺旋泵管上端外周侧设有用手拨动整个无轴螺旋泵管旋转的防滑粗糙面5,当需血肿排出时,用拇指和食指捏着防滑粗糙面5轻轻转动,同时在负压吸引器的吸引作用下,双螺旋叶片6.1能够推动血肿物排出。旋转的双螺旋叶片6.1有效的推动作用,也可通过负压吸引器的调节负压吸引力,避免因吸力过大造成对脑组织的损伤。
如图4所示,所述冲水电凝组件由电凝管6.3、正负电凝电极6.4和冲水连接件2构成。所述电凝管6.3套装在冲水连接件第一接口2.2内部并形成密闭连接,使电凝管外壁与无轴螺旋泵管及血肿排空连接件构成血肿排出管腔,冲水连接件第二接口嵌入神经内镜接口组件形成密闭连接,形成冲水腔。所述电凝管6.3内壁中嵌入所述正负电凝电极6.4,正负电凝电极的头端延伸出电凝管的端部,正负电凝电极6.4的另一端由正负电极导线3通过冲水连接件2管壁引出,使用时连接高频电凝器;所述冲水连接件2为一个三通构件,具有冲水连接件第一接口2.2、进水接口9和冲水连接件第二接口2.3;所述冲水连接件第一接口2.2外壁与所述血肿排空三通件的第二接口8.1形成嵌套密闭连接,所述冲水连接件第二接口2.3嵌入神经内镜接口组件2.1形成嵌套密闭连接;所述进水连接口9在使用时连接输液器,可起到冲水清洁内镜头和术野;所述冲水连接件的内腔与所述电凝管6.3连通。
如图2所示,所述神经内镜1与神经内镜接口组件2.1经卡槽进行配合连接,神经内镜连接神经内镜主机光源、摄像系统及显示屏使用,可直视术野达到可视效果;所述神经内镜可被电子内镜或置入微型摄像头替代做成分体或一体结构。
所述神经内镜的镜体1.1穿过所述神经内镜接口组件后插装在2.1、冲水连接件和电凝管6.3的内孔中心;所述神经内镜的镜头位置位于电凝管的头端位置;在神经内镜的镜体1.1与电凝管内壁之间的间隙构成冲水的进液通道。神经内镜的镜体1.1当插入所述神经内镜接口组件2.1时,封闭镜孔,使冲水连接件与神经内镜接口组件2.1配合形成密封结构,进入冲水连接件的水不能流入神经内镜接口组件2.1中。在治疗使用时,输液器的水进入到冲水连接件内,经进液通道从电凝管6.3的头端部流出,可起到保持神经内镜镜头清洁、术野清晰、防电凝过度、促进血肿排除等作用。
一种颅内血肿清除方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)血肿穿刺定位:利用病人的颅脑CT的轴位片、矢状位片和冠状位片进行术前规划,回避功能区和脑血管,获取穿刺点、穿刺角度和穿刺深度;
(2)制作血肿穿刺隧道:在穿刺点进行微创打孔,神经内镜插入如图7的穿刺鞘10内,根据穿刺角度和穿刺深度将插入神经内镜的穿刺鞘伸入颅内,在可视情况下探查血肿位置,记录血肿穿刺方向和穿刺深度,拔出穿刺鞘;
(3)穿刺前调试微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器:将微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的进水连接口连接无菌生理盐水的输液器,血肿排出接口连接负压吸引器,在生理盐水中调试至负压合适,冲水腔和血肿排除腔灌满生理盐水且通畅;正负电凝电极的另一端由正负导线连接高频电凝器,调节并测试效果;
(4)穿刺清除血肿:将微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器沿上述穿刺鞘穿刺隧道插入颅内,在神经内镜直视下,将所述微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的头端置于血肿内;在神经内镜的直视下,用手指捻转无轴螺旋泵管,无轴螺旋泵管端部的类球形血肿切割粉碎头会对血肿进行切割粉碎,旋转的过程中血肿碎屑在血肿切割粉碎头的内凹面和螺旋叶片的推进作用及负压吸引器的吸引下通过血肿排出接口排出颅外;可根据血肿清除情况不断调整微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的方向和深度,直至血肿清除彻底;
(5)电凝止血:在微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器清除血肿过程中若发现出血部位或出血血管,调整微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,将冲水电凝组件的电极抵在出血部位,进行电凝止血。
(6)在步骤(4)和(5)中,冲水和负压一直开启,既保证神经内镜镜头清洁不被血渍沾染便于观察术野;也保证电凝止血时减少电凝周围脑组织的热烧伤。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,由血肿排空组件、冲水电凝组件、神经内镜接口组件和神经内镜构成。其特征在于:所述血肿排空组件由无轴螺旋泵管和血肿排空连接件构成;无轴螺旋泵管插入并卡装在血肿排空连接件第一接口,无轴螺旋泵管内壁固定有螺旋叶片,在螺旋叶片头端有血肿切割粉碎头;所述血肿排空连接件第二接口与冲水连接件第一出口外壁形成嵌套密闭连接,与冲水电凝组件外壁及冲水连接件构成血肿排出腔;血肿排空连接件向外伸出的部分为血肿排出接口,血肿排出接口在使用时可配合连接负压吸引器,在清除血肿时,可通过负压吸引使血肿进入无轴螺旋泵管内,便于血肿被切割粉碎排除;所述冲水电凝组件由电凝管、正负电凝电极和冲水连接件构成;电凝管套装冲水连接件第一接口内并形成密闭连接,且穿过血肿排空连接件和螺旋泵管中心;电凝管壁内嵌入所述正负电凝电极,正负电凝电极的头端延伸凸出电凝管头端截面,正负电凝电极的另一端由正负导线穿出冲水连接件管壁引出,使用时连接高频电凝器用于电凝止血;所述冲水连接件为一个三通构件,冲水连接件第一接口外壁与所述血肿排空连接件第二接口形成嵌套密闭连接,使电凝管外壁与无轴螺旋泵管及血肿排空连接件构成血肿排出管腔,冲水连接件第二接口嵌入神经内镜接口组件形成密闭连接,形成冲水腔,冲水连接件向管壁外伸出部分为进水连接口,使用时进水孔连接口可连接输液器,起到冲水清洁神经内镜内镜头和术野;冲水连接件的内腔与所述电凝管内腔连通;所述神经内镜与神经内镜接口组件配合连接,神经内镜镜体穿过所述冲水连接件和电凝管的中心,镜体与电凝管内壁之间的间隙构成冲水通道,使用时,神经内镜连接神经内镜的主机光源、摄像系统及显示屏,达到术野可视效果。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,其特征在于:所述无轴螺旋泵管由螺旋叶片与泵管壁结构紧密结合的一体结构,螺旋叶片为两个或多个螺旋叶片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,其特征在于:所述无轴螺旋泵管能够卡装在血肿排空三通件上能够旋转。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,其特征在于:所述血肿切割粉碎头为类球形血肿切割粉碎头;所述类球形血肿切割粉碎头由钝刃、类球形外凸面和类球形内凹面构成;一缘融合在螺旋叶片头端下缘,另一缘与无轴螺旋泵管头端对应的部分边缘融合,第三缘游离为钝性血肿切割刃;无轴螺旋叶片,无轴螺旋泵管和类球形血肿切割粉碎头构成在旋转时钝性切割、凹面推动血肿运动的螺旋形血肿排空通道腔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,其特征在于:所述类球形血肿切割粉碎头具有第一刀刃部 和第二刀刃部 ,所述第一刀刃部 和第二刀刃部 所述连接的螺旋叶片的外侧呈类球面形,刀刃部前端对应排血肿的螺旋通道。
6.根据权利要求1所述的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,其特征在于:所述神经内镜位于所述的微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器旋转中心轴;神经内镜由电子内镜或置入微型摄像头替代做成分体或一体结构。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,其特征在于:所述血肿排空组件的螺旋泵管、双头螺纹和电凝管采用硅胶、陶瓷、玻璃材料或金属材料制作。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,其特征在于:所述无轴螺旋泵管的外侧面上设有用于测量伸入颅内深度的刻度线。
9.一种颅内血肿清除方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)血肿穿刺定位:利用病人的颅脑CT的轴位片、矢状位片和冠状位片进行术前规划,回避功能区和脑血管,获取穿刺点、穿刺角度和穿刺深度;
(2)制作血肿穿刺隧道:在穿刺点进行微创打孔,神经内镜插入穿刺鞘内,根据穿刺角度和穿刺深度将插入神经内镜的穿刺鞘伸入颅内,在可视情况下探查血肿位置,记录血肿穿刺方向和穿刺深度,拔出穿刺鞘;
(3)穿刺前调试微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器:将微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的进水连接口连接无菌生理盐水的输液器,血肿排出接口连接负压吸引器,在生理盐水中调试至负压合适,冲水腔和血肿排除腔灌满生理盐水且通畅;正负电凝电极的另一端由正负导线连接高频电凝器,调节并测试效果;
(4)穿刺清除血肿:将微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器沿上述穿刺鞘穿刺隧道插入颅内,在神经内镜直视下,将所述微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的头端置于血肿内;在神经内镜的直视下,用手指捻转无轴螺旋泵管,无轴螺旋泵管端部的类球形血肿切割粉碎头会对血肿进行切割粉碎,旋转的过程中血肿碎屑在血肿切割粉碎头的内凹面和螺旋叶片的推进作用及负压吸引器的吸引下通过血肿排出接口排出颅外;可根据血肿清除情况不断调整微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器的方向和深度,直至血肿清除彻底;
(5)电凝止血:在微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器清除血肿过程中若发现出血部位或出血血管,调整微创可视无轴螺旋颅内血肿清除器,将冲水电凝组件的电极抵在出血部位,进行电凝止血;
(6)在步骤(4)和(5)中,冲水和负压一直开启,既保证神经内镜镜头清洁不被血渍沾染便于观察术野;也保证电凝止血时减少电凝周围脑组织的热烧伤。
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