CN116616309A - Method for improving utilization rate of agricultural chemicals - Google Patents

Method for improving utilization rate of agricultural chemicals Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116616309A
CN116616309A CN202310616354.8A CN202310616354A CN116616309A CN 116616309 A CN116616309 A CN 116616309A CN 202310616354 A CN202310616354 A CN 202310616354A CN 116616309 A CN116616309 A CN 116616309A
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pesticide
stage
utilization rate
agricultural chemicals
screening
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张建锋
杜凤沛
邹鹏刚
杨锟
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Fujian Sino Dashing Bioengineering Co ltd
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Fujian Sino Dashing Bioengineering Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/02—Acaricides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/04—Insecticides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a method for improving the utilization rate of agricultural chemicals, which comprehensively considers the source of effective components of pesticides, the source of auxiliary agents, screening, physicochemical properties of products, application effects of the products and the like to obtain the agricultural chemicals with stable physicochemical properties and high dose delivery efficiency, thereby improving the utilization rate of the pesticides, enabling the effective components of the pesticides to truly reach the harmful target organisms and achieving the aims of reduction and synergy.

Description

Method for improving utilization rate of agricultural chemicals
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for improving the utilization rate of agricultural chemicals.
Background
The agricultural chemicals are important agricultural production data, and have important significance for preventing and controlling serious diseases, insect pests and weeds, guaranteeing agricultural harvest, guaranteeing quality safety of agricultural products and maintaining ecological environment safety.
When agrochemicals are applied, the process of delivering the liquid medicine from the sprayer nozzle to the target biological surface is called a space transfer process of the pesticide, and the problems of drifting, evaporation and the like possibly existing in the process can cause 20 percent of pesticide loss. After being sprayed by the sprayer, the pesticide liquid can be deposited on a target and can drift into the air and on the ground. The research shows that the size of the fog drops is one of important parameters in the research of liquid medicine space transfer, and not only affects the deposition of the fog drops on a target, but also causes pesticide drift and environmental pollution. The larger the fog drops are, the stronger the anti-drift capability is, but the fog drops are easy to aggregate and run off, so that the deposition distribution is uneven; the smaller the fog drops are, the stronger the penetrating power is, so that the target attachment rate can be effectively improved, and the pesticide control effect is improved. However, about 20% -30% of the droplets drift to non-target areas, subject to canopy weather conditions. The atomized pesticide droplets reach the target after space transfer, and interface transfer behaviors can occur between the atomized pesticide droplets and target organisms, and finally the atomized pesticide droplets are deposited and retained on the surface of the target, which is called an interface transfer process. In the interface transfer process, as some liquid drops cannot be attached to the surface of a target, the wetting and spreading capacity is poor, and phenomena such as bouncing, crushing, coalescence and loss occur, so that the drug effect is greatly reduced. Studies have shown that this process results in a 35% loss of pesticide. The study of the dose delivery efficiency of agricultural chemicals needs to be started from two aspects of target properties and liquid medicine properties, wherein the target solid properties comprise foliar chemical components, topological morphology, apparent surface free energy of foliar and the like, and the liquid medicine properties comprise surface tension, adhesion, static contact angle, wetting force, deposition amount and the like.
CN115806513a discloses an oil-based penetration-promoting spreading synergistic agent and application thereof on chemical vegetables and fruits, combines the characteristics of spreading and penetration of the two auxiliary agents, enhances the spreading and penetration capacity of pesticide droplets, thereby increasing the deposition and adhesion amount of the pesticide liquid on the interface of target crops, reducing pesticide loss and improving the pesticide utilization rate. CN113115786a discloses a glutathione responsive polyurethane microcapsule suspension, a preparation method and application thereof, pyraclostrobin is used as an active ingredient, disulfide bonds are introduced into a capsule wall material, when the polyurethane microcapsule enters a plant body, the capsule wall material is destroyed by glutathione existing in the plant body, and the accurate release of pesticides can be realized, and the response does not depend on stimulation of environment (temperature, pH, humidity and the like), so that the pesticide utilization rate and the product safety are greatly improved. However, the above patents provide formulations or adjuvant formulations that increase the availability of pesticides, considering only the osmotic spreading or controlled release process, and do not fully consider the overall process of agrochemical development through preparation to application. CN109682723a discloses a rapid evaluation method of agrochemical formulation, which comprises determining test index based on agrochemical action mode, biological characteristics of controlled object and target crop, determining parameters of agrochemical such as adhesion, deposition amount, contact angle, surface tension, apparent free energy, fog uniformity, permeability, etc. to controlled object or/and target crop under certain dilution; according to the determined experimental indexes and the determined data, the number of times of performing indoor bioassays and field experiments is reduced, so that enterprises and research institutions can greatly save the experiment cost in the aspects of formula research and development and optimization, and the time of project research and development is shortened. However, this patent only provides a rapid evaluation means for formulation screening, and does not consider raw material screening and subsequent application techniques.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to comprehensively consider the problems of pesticide active ingredient sources, auxiliary agent sources and screening, product physicochemical properties, product application effects and the like, obtain agrochemical products with stable physicochemical properties and high dose delivery efficiency, realize the improvement of pesticide utilization rate, enable the pesticide active ingredient to truly reach the harmful target organism, and achieve the aims of reduction and synergy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the utilization rate of agricultural chemicals, which is characterized in that agricultural chemicals with stable physicochemical properties and high efficiency of dose delivery are obtained by comprehensively considering various and multi-index such as pesticide effective ingredient sources, auxiliary agent sources, screening, product physicochemical properties, product application effects and the like, so that the improvement of the utilization rate of pesticides is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a method for improving the utilization rate of agricultural chemicals, which is used for controlling each stage of the production and the use of the agricultural chemicals and comprises the following steps:
(1) In the production process stage: controlling the source and physicochemical properties of the effective components of the pesticide to obtain raw materials;
(2) In the stage of functional auxiliary agent: screening functional auxiliary agents by controlling the surface tension, the adhesive force, the static contact angle, the wettability and the deposition amount of the pesticide preparation diluent, and controlling the preparation process and the quality control index of the pesticide preparation;
(3) In the application technical stage: the living habit and microscopic characteristics of the target organism are defined, the droplet size distribution, the indoor toxicity and the optimal proportion of the pesticide preparation diluent are controlled, and the formula with the highest utilization rate of the agricultural chemicals is screened.
Further, the agricultural chemicals include herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, bactericides, plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers.
Preferably, in the step (2), the preparation process indexes of the pesticide preparation comprise the purity and impurity content of the pesticide raw material, and the quality control indexes comprise the particle size distribution, the suspension rate and the storage stability.
Further, the functional auxiliary agent stage refers to a stage of screening available formulation auxiliary agents or spraying auxiliary agents.
Further, in the functional auxiliary agent stage, available formulation auxiliary agents or spraying auxiliary agents are screened, wherein screening indexes of the functional auxiliary agents comprise surface tension of the diluted liquid medicine, adhesion force, wettability, static contact angle and deposition amount of the diluted liquid medicine on the target surface.
Preferably, the target surface comprises a paraffin surface and a polytetrafluoroethylene surface.
The evaluation index of the utilization rate of agricultural chemicals involved in each of the above steps can be referred to table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation index requirement for agricultural chemical utilization
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention comprehensively considers the sources of the effective components of the pesticides, the sources and screening of the auxiliary agents, the physicochemical properties of the products, the application effect of the products and the like, fully considers the whole process from research and development to preparation to application of the agrochemicals, and provides standard values and judgment bases, thereby being beneficial to relevant practitioners to prepare the agrochemicals capable of improving the utilization rate based on the invention and having wide application value and practical significance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description will be made with reference to specific embodiments.
Materials, reagents, and the like used in the examples described below are all commercially available.
Example 1:30% glyphosate soluble solution
In the production process stage, more than 3 original drug manufacturers are screened, and the relevant requirements of the judgment basis in the table 1 are met. Meanwhile, according to the purity and the content of harmful impurities in the raw materials in the table 1, the project indexes of the glyphosate raw materials are controlled as follows: the mass fraction of the formaldehyde is more than or equal to 98.0%, the mass fraction of the formaldehyde is less than or equal to 1.2g/kg, the mass fraction of the nitrosoglyphosate is less than or equal to 1.0mg/kg, and the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide insoluble substances is less than or equal to 0.2g/kg. The mass fraction of the 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt solution is 41.0+/-2.1%, the mass fraction of sodium ions is more than or equal to 5.3%, the mass fraction of formaldehyde is less than or equal to 0.6g/kg, and the mass fraction of nitrosoglyphosate is less than or equal to 1.0mg/kg. The pH value is 4.0-8.5, the dilution stability is qualified, the low-temperature stability is qualified, and the heat storage stability is qualified. The pesticide variety of a specific manufacturer is determined by the performance.
The content of the effective components of the pesticide is higher than 98%, so that the content of pesticide impurities generated in the production or storage process can be reduced, and the harm of the impurities to the applicable pesticide is reduced, thereby affecting the use effect of the pesticide.
In the stage of functional auxiliary agent, for realizing green sustainable development of agriculture, the bio-based surfactant cocamide propyl betaine CAPB and alkyl glycoside APG are selected as functional auxiliary agents, the formula is shown in table 2, and the quality control index of the related formula is shown in table 3.
TABLE 2 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt soluable formulation
TABLE 3 quality control index of 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt soluble solution
From table 3, in order to reduce the potential risks of formulation auxiliaries to human health and ecological environment, green pesticide auxiliaries CAPB and APG are selected to prepare 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt solution, and the solution meets relevant quality control indexes, thereby laying a foundation for the subsequent use and improvement of the utilization rate of pesticides.
The efficacy of the prepared pesticide preparation is evaluated, and the related index test method is as follows.
Surface tension: with the hanging-plate method, in general, only when the static surface tension of the liquid medicine is lower than the surface free energy of the target, the liquid medicine can be completely wetted and spread on the surface of the target, but the final wetting and spreading is also related to the surface tension component of the liquid medicine. Meanwhile, studies have shown that the final retention of the liquid medicine on the leaf surface of plants is related to static surface tension.
Adhesion force: the adhesion force of the liquid medicine and the plant leaf surface is directly measured by using a high-sensitivity micro-force balance, and the higher the adhesion force is, the more liquid remains on the plant leaf surface, so that the stronger the combination of the liquid medicine on the plant leaf surface is.
Static contact angle: the result of the sitting drop method directly reflects the final wetting state of the liquid medicine on the plant leaf surface. The liquid medicine with small static contact angle has stronger wetting ability to the selected target.
Deposition amount: in general, the larger the deposition amount, the better the spray method, which means that the better the adhesion and retention effect of the liquid medicine on the target surface.
Spray droplet size: the droplet size distribution of the adjuvant test liquid was determined with a spray particle size analyzer (DP-02, omec) at 298.15K and repeated 3 times with an XR11001VS spray head at a pressure of 3 bar.
The efficacy of the glyphosate isopropylamine salt soluble solutions of different formulations were tested according to the above method and the results are shown in table 4.
Table 441% evaluation index of efficacy of glyphosate isopropylamine salt soluble solution
As can be seen from table 4, the pesticide liquid is atomized by the spray head and then impinges on the target surface, typically the blade surface, at a certain rate. The surface tension of the pesticide diluent is closely related to the attachment and deposition of the pesticide liquid, and as the leaves of weeds such as grassy weeds, broad-leaved weeds or nutgrass flatsedge weeds are generally hydrophobic leaves, the lower the surface tension of the diluted pesticide liquid is, the more favorable the pesticide utilization rate is improved. The results show that the formula 2# has lower surface tension, higher adhesion and lower static contact angle compared with the formula 1# so as to effectively improve the deposition amount of fogdrops on the surface of weeds, improve the pesticide interface transfer efficiency and realize better control effect.
In the application technical stage, adopting a stem and leaf spraying mode, selecting 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt soluble solution with proper formulation to prepare 675g/hm 2 The spraying amount is used for controlling weeds in the field by using the sprayer when the weeds are in the vigorous growth period to the flowering and fruiting period and applying the pesticide for 1 time. The number of surviving weed strains or fresh biomass was investigated by taking 3 spots from each treatment area by random sampling, and the number of surviving weed strains and the control effect of each treatment area were investigated at 7d and 14d after the drug, and the results are shown in Table 5.
Wherein P is the control effect, PT is the number of surviving weed strains in the medicament treatment area, and CK is the number of surviving weed strains or fresh weight biomass in the blank control area.
TABLE 5 prevention and treatment effects of 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt soluble solution
The field efficacy result shows that the control effect of the formula 2# is better than the formula 1# under the condition of the same dilution multiple, and the control effect is slightly better than that of a commercially available preparation, so that the screened agricultural chemical performance of the method is the best. The control effect of the formula 2# diluted by 250 times is still equivalent to that of the preparation sold in the market, the purposes of reducing and enhancing the efficiency are achieved, and the pesticide utilization rate is improved.
Example 2:36% bifenazate spirodiclofen suspending agent
In the production process stage, more than 3 original drug manufacturers need to be screened, and the relevant requirements of the judgment basis in the table 1 are met. Meanwhile, according to the purity and the content of harmful impurities in the crude drugs in the table 1, the indexes of the crude drugs of the bifenazate are controlled to be that the mass fraction is more than or equal to 98.0%, the mass fraction of moisture is less than or equal to 1.0%, the mass fraction of acetone insoluble substances is less than or equal to 0.3%, and the acidity (calculated by sulfuric acid) is less than or equal to 0.3; the indexes of the spirodiclofen technical project are controlled to be that the mass fraction of the spirodiclofen technical project is more than or equal to 98.0 percent, the mass fraction of BAJ2510 is less than or equal to 0.6 percent, the mass fraction of moisture is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the mass fraction of acetone insoluble substances is less than or equal to 0.3, and the pH range is 5.0 to 8.0. The quality control project of 36% bifenazate and spirodiclofen suspending agent comprises 24.0+/-1.4% of bifenazate by mass fraction, 12.0+/-10% of spirodiclofen by mass fraction, 50-80 of pH value range, suspension rate of 90% or more, residue of 5.0% or less after pouring, residue of 0.5% or less after washing, 98% or more of wet screening test (passing 75 μm test screen), 25mL or less of lasting foamability, qualified low-temperature stability and qualified heat storage stability, and specific pesticide is determined. Similarly, it is necessary to control the content of active ingredients of bifenazate and spirodiclofen to be higher than 98%, and reduce the generation of phytotoxicity.
In the stage of functional auxiliary agent, for realizing green sustainable development of agriculture, dispersant polycarboxylic acid graft copolymer Atlox4913, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride 1631 and wetting agent sodium dodecyl sulfate K12 are selected for compounding, the formula is shown in table 6, and the quality control index is shown in table 7.
Table 6 36% Bifenazate spirodiclofen suspending agent formula
TABLE 7 quality control index of 36% Bifenazate spirodiclofen suspension
In order to reduce potential risks of formulation auxiliary agents to human health and ecological environment, macromolecule safe green pesticide auxiliary agents Atlox4913 and 1631 are selected to be compounded with K12 to prepare 36% bifenazate spirodiclofen suspending agent, and the suspending agent accords with relevant quality control indexes, thereby laying a foundation for the subsequent use and improvement of the utilization rate of pesticides.
Meanwhile, the efficacy of bifenazate and spirodiclofen suspending agents with different formulas is tested, and the results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8 evaluation index of efficacy of 36% Bifenazate spirodiclofen suspension
As can be seen from table 8, the pesticide liquid is atomized by the spray head and then impinges on the target surface, typically the blade or pest surface, at a certain rate. Because the citrus leaves are medium hydrophobic surfaces, the higher surfaces Zhang Liyi cause bouncing and splashing of the liquid drops, and the lower surfaces Zhang Liyi cause coalescence and sliding of the liquid drops, the surface tension of the diluted liquid medicine needs to be between 40 and 45mN/m, which is beneficial to effective adhesion of the liquid drops. The results show that the formula 1# has proper surface tension compared with the formula 2# and further has higher adhesion and lower static contact angle, the deposition amount of fog drops on the medium-class hydrophobic surfaces of citrus leaves and the like can be effectively increased, the pesticide interface transfer efficiency is improved, and better control effect is realized.
In the application technical stage, adopting a stem and leaf spraying mode, selecting 36% bifenazate and spirodiclofen suspending agent with proper formulation to prepare 675g/hm 2 The spraying amount and the content of the active ingredients are 250mg of active ingredients in each kilogram of liquid medicine. The number of insect population was investigated 1 time each of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days after administration by site-directed investigation. 3 plants are investigated in each cell, tender shoots are marked in the east, west, south, north and middle 5 directions of each tree, fixed point investigation is carried out, 2 leaves are investigated in each direction, the leaves are directly observed by using a handheld magnifying glass, the number of live mites on the front side and the back side of the leaves is counted, the number of live mites on 30 leaves is investigated in total in each cell, the reduction rate of insect population and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated, and the result is shown in Table 9.
Table 9 control effect of 36% Bifenazate-spirodiclofen suspension
The field pesticide effect result shows that the control effect of the formula 1# is obviously better than the formula 2# and better than the market preparation under the condition of dilution by the same multiple, and the agricultural chemicals screened by the method can improve the pesticide utilization rate. The control effect of the formula 1# diluted 4000 times is still equivalent to that of the commercially available preparation, the purposes of reducing and enhancing the efficiency are achieved, and the pesticide utilization rate is improved.
Example 3:450 g/L prochloraz aqueous emulsion
In the production process stage, more than 3 raw medicine manufacturers are screened, and related requirements are met. The index of prochloraz technical project is controlled to be that the mass fraction of prochloraz is more than or equal to 98.0%, the mass fraction of moisture is less than or equal to 0.3%, the mass fraction of acetone insoluble substances is less than or equal to 0.2%, and the mass fraction of 2,4, 6-trichlorophenol is less than or equal to 0.2 in the pH range of 5.5-8.5. The quality project index of the prochloraz aqueous emulsion of 450 g/L is controlled to be 45.0+/-2.2 percent, the mass fraction of 2,4, 6-trichlorophenol is less than or equal to 0.1, the pH range is 5.5-8.5, the residue after pouring is less than or equal to 5.0 percent, the residue after washing is less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the emulsion stability is qualified, the lasting foamability is less than or equal to 25mL, the low-temperature stability is qualified, the heat storage stability is qualified, and the specific pesticide is determined. Similarly, the content of prochloraz active ingredient is controlled to be higher than 98%, so that the generation of phytotoxicity is reduced.
In the stage of functional auxiliary agent, in order to realize the sustainable development of agriculture, an emulsifier polyoxyethylene sorbitan Tween80, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether EL-80 and an emulsifier sorbitan fatty acid ester Span20 are selected for compounding and use, the formula is shown in table 10, and the quality control index is shown in table 11.
Table 10 Prochloraz aqueous emulsion formulation of 450 g/L
Table 11 quality control index of 450 g/L prochloraz aqueous emulsion
The preparation method is used for reducing potential risks possibly caused by formulation auxiliary agents to human health and ecological environment, preparing the prochloraz aqueous emulsion with the concentration of 450 g/L, conforming to relevant quality control indexes and laying a foundation for improving the use and utilization rate of subsequent pesticides.
Meanwhile, the efficacy of the prochloraz aqueous emulsion of 450 g/L of different formulations is tested, and the results are shown in Table 12.
Table 12 evaluation index of efficacy of prochloraz aqueous emulsion of 450 g/L
As can be seen from table 12, the pesticide liquid is used for preventing banana anthracnose by immersing fruits, and has low surface tension to uniformly adhere to the surfaces of fruits, so that uniform films are formed on the surfaces of the fruits. The results show that the formula 2# has lower surface tension compared with the formula 1# and is easier to adhere to the surfaces of fruits to form a drug film, so that the pesticide utilization rate is improved and better control effect is realized.
In the application technical stage, a stem and leaf spraying mode is adopted, a prochloraz aqueous emulsion with a proper formula of 450 g/L is selected, a knapsack sprayer is used for diluting 900 times for preventing and treating banana anthracnose, disease conditions are investigated 1 day before pesticide application and 7 days after pesticide application respectively, and a specific test method is carried out according to pesticide field efficacy test criteria, and the results are shown in Table 13.
Table 13 Prochloraz aqueous emulsion control effect of 450 g/L
The field pesticide effect result shows that the control effect of the formula 2# is obviously better than the formula 2# under the condition of the same dilution multiple, and is slightly better than the market preparation, so that the screened agricultural chemicals by the method can improve the pesticide utilization rate. The control effect of the formula 2# diluted by 1000 times is still equivalent to that of the preparation sold in the market, the purposes of reducing and enhancing the efficiency are achieved, and the pesticide utilization rate is improved.
In conclusion, the invention obtains the agricultural chemicals with stable physicochemical properties and high dosage transmission efficiency on the basis of comprehensively considering the sources of the effective components of the pesticides, sources and screening of the auxiliary agents, physicochemical properties of products, application effects of the products and other factors, thereby realizing the improvement of the utilization rate of the pesticides, leading the effective components of the pesticides to really reach the harmful target organisms and achieving the aims of reduction and synergy.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for improving the utilization of an agrochemical for controlling the various stages of production and use of the agrochemical, comprising the steps of:
(1) In the production process stage: controlling the source and physicochemical properties of the effective components of the pesticide to obtain raw materials;
(2) In the stage of functional auxiliary agent: screening functional auxiliary agents by controlling the surface tension, the adhesive force, the static contact angle, the wettability and the deposition amount of the pesticide preparation diluent, and controlling the preparation process and the quality control index of the pesticide preparation;
(3) In the application technical stage: the living habit and microscopic characteristics of the target organism are defined, the droplet size distribution, the indoor toxicity and the optimal proportion of the pesticide preparation diluent are controlled, and the formula with the highest utilization rate of the agricultural chemicals is screened.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural chemicals comprise herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the process index for preparing the agricultural chemical formulation includes purity and impurity content of the agricultural chemical raw material, and the quality control index includes particle size distribution, suspension rate and storage stability.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the functional aid stage is a stage of screening for available formulation aids or spray aids.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in the functional aid stage, available formulation aids or spray aids are screened, and the screening criteria of the functional aid include surface tension of the diluted medical fluid, adhesion of the diluted medical fluid to the target surface, wettability, static contact angle and deposition amount.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the target surface comprises a paraffin surface, a polytetrafluoroethylene surface.
CN202310616354.8A 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 Method for improving utilization rate of agricultural chemicals Pending CN116616309A (en)

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