CN116613723A - Flexible direct current power distribution system operation and control method considering charging pile - Google Patents
Flexible direct current power distribution system operation and control method considering charging pile Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for operating and controlling a flexible direct current distribution system considering charging piles, which provides a networking scheme of the flexible direct current distribution system suitable for a large number of charging piles, introduces tide calculation and analyzes the influence of the charging piles on the flexible direct current system. Considering the operation mechanism of the flexible direct current distribution transformer area, according to the potential operation scene dividing state, setting the scene operation and switching flow, designing the control logic of different scenes, and realizing the comprehensive maximization of the operation benefit of each scene. And (3) formulating a control protection and safety scheduling strategy of the flexible power distribution system, analyzing the control protection requirement of the flexible direct current power distribution system, determining a partition protection scheme of the system, setting protection parameters, taking the running cost as an objective function, and establishing a safety economic scheduling model of the flexible direct current power distribution system. The invention fully utilizes the existing power electronic converter equipment to modify the form of the power distribution network, and realizes the flexible direct current interconnection of the power distribution system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent power grids, and particularly relates to a method for operating and controlling a flexible direct current power distribution system taking charging piles into consideration.
Background
At present, the electric automobile and charging facility industry at home and abroad are in the development period of technology, people are generally concerned about research and development of high-performance and low-loss charging equipment and research on energy storage technology with high efficiency and large capacity, and research on how to harmony and blend charging stations, charging piles and power distribution network forms is insufficient. In the visible future, the construction of the charging facility is in an explosive growth period, if the charging facility is not suitable for the running form of the current power grid, the development of the electric vehicle is likely to be greatly restricted, and meanwhile, the impact of the electric vehicle load on the power grid is not seen. Therefore, the operation and control of the power distribution network under the condition of accessing a plurality of charging facilities are researched, the existing power electronic equipment is utilized to modify the form of the power distribution network, and a flexible direct current power distribution system is formed, so that the electric automobile can play a due positive role in the process of power grid operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the method for operating and controlling the flexible direct current distribution system taking the charging pile into consideration, which is beneficial to improving the problems of short-time heavy load and overload of the power distribution network, improving the reliability and stability of the power grid operation and being beneficial to the construction, popularization and application of the smart power grid in the future.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for operating and controlling a flexible direct current power distribution system considering a charging pile, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a networking scheme of a flexible direct current power distribution system suitable for a large number of charging piles to access, and determining a system architecture;
secondly, introducing tide calculation, analyzing the influence of a charging pile on the flexible direct current system, and establishing a risk assessment system of the flexible direct current system;
determining an operation mechanism suitable for the flexible direct current power distribution area, and dividing states according to potential operation scenes;
designing control logic of different scenes to realize comprehensive maximization of operation benefit of each scene;
fifthly, formulating a control protection strategy of the flexible power distribution system, analyzing the control protection requirement of the flexible direct current power distribution system, determining a partition protection scheme of the system and setting protection parameters;
and step six, establishing a safe economic dispatching model of the flexible direct current power distribution system by taking the operation cost as an objective function.
Optionally, selecting a flexible dc power distribution system networking scheme suitable for access of a large number of charging piles, determining a system architecture, including:
the system architecture is powered by four distribution transformer areas, an AC/DC converter and an AC load are arranged under each distribution transformer of each distribution transformer area, outgoing lines on the DC sides of the AC/DC converters of all the distribution areas are interconnected through a DC bus, and three DC charging piles and a DC energy storage device are connected with the DC bus;
selecting an alternating current public charging pile and a direct current public charging pile to mix and match; the service objects of the public charging piles are mainly electric automobile quick charging, and the number of the direct current charging piles and the alternating current charging piles is 1:1; the total capacity of the converter can cover the total power of the charging pile; when the direct current charging pile is charged, the power of the converter is from the alternating current side to the direct current side; when charging an ac pile, the converter power is from the dc side to the ac side.
Optionally, load flow calculation is introduced, the influence of the charging pile on the flexible direct current system is analyzed, and a risk assessment system of the flexible direct current system is established, including:
determining the power flow of a direct current network by applying a Newton Lapherson method:
step 21, inputting original data of a network to form a node conductance matrix Y; yab=y between two connected points, and y=0 between two disconnected points;
step 22, setting the initial voltage value of each nodeSetting iteration count k=0, and entering an iteration process of a bovine-pulling method;
step 23, substituting the voltage into the power equation to obtain the unbalance amount delta P in the correction equation i (k) ；
Step 24, each element in the jacobian matrix is calculated by using the current node voltage value;
step 25, solving a correction equation to obtain the correction amount of the voltage of each node
Step 26, correcting the value of each voltage, wherein the calculation method is as follows:
step 27, checking whether the convergence has occurred, and determining whether the convergence has occurred by using a given convergence criterion:
step 28, if the convergence is not achieved, k=k+1, returning to step 23, and continuing to perform iterative calculation;
and 29, if the power distribution in each line and the power injected by the balance node are converged, the power flow state of the whole network is obtained.
Optionally, determining an operation mechanism applicable to the flexible direct current power distribution transformer area, dividing the states according to the potential operation scene includes:
the flexible direct current power distribution system comprises the following operation modes: starting, direct current transfer, fault isolation, alternating current transfer, fault support, energy storage charging, node control and fault exit; the starting and direct current transferring are running modes of the system in a normal state, and the other running modes of the system in a special state.
Optionally, control logic of different scenes is designed, and comprehensive maximization of operation benefit of each scene is achieved.
Several special modes of operation are:
(2) Fault isolation: when one PCS fails, stopping the PCS and switching off a DC side switch of the PCS, cutting off the connection with a DC bus, and automatically balancing the current DC load by the PCS of each remaining platform area according to the available DC capacity;
determining the number of the PCS with faults to act by detecting the fault word state and the working state sent by the PCS of each area; if the fault PCS has only 1 PCS and is a PCS locking exit caused by the fault of the reasons except the voltage loss of the alternating current bus of the platform area, and meanwhile, no system-level fault exists, the direct current interconnection switch of the PCS of the platform area is disconnected, and a start prohibition instruction is sent to the fault PCS;
(2) Alternating current flow supply: when the alternating current load of the transformer area is overloaded, a direct current bus is used for supplying power to the alternating current load through the PCS of the transformer area to treat the alternating current overload, and the direct current load and the overload power are automatically balanced by the PCS of the rest transformer areas according to the direct current available capacity, so that the power consumption requirement of the alternating current load of the transformer area is met, and the overload of a distribution transformer of the transformer area is prevented;
according to the overload power obtained by the state calculation program, a certain control margin is considered to obtain an alternating current transfer active instruction and a negative value of the PCS of the overload station; meanwhile, subtracting an active command of the PCS of the overload station from the total direct current load, obtaining the total active force of the PCS of the residual N-1 station by a negative value, determining an active distribution coefficient of the N-1 machine, and obtaining the active command of the PCS of the residual N-1 station by multiplying the total active force by the positive command of the PCS of the residual N-1 station;
(3) Fault support: when the alternating current side of the station area fails and loses power, the direct current bus restores power supply to the alternating current side through the PCS of the station area, and the direct current load and the alternating current load are automatically balanced by the PCS of the rest station areas according to the available direct current capacity;
the alternating current bus of the power-losing alternating current transformer area is supplied with power again, and only the recovery power supply is supported for the fault voltage losing of the power side of the single transformer area at present; when the fault support state is entered, namely N-1 operation; after overload under the operation of N-1 is temporarily not considered, the direct current energy storage is used for supporting, if overload occurs in the pre-judging system, the jump to fault isolation is carried out after the anti-shake; after the power supply of the voltage-losing station is restored, PCS fault of the fault support station is caused, the fault support only considers 1 reclosing, if successful, the operation is jumped back to N direct cooperative control operation, otherwise, fault isolation is carried out;
(5) Energy storage support: when the system DC load is overloaded, the DC energy storage device provides overload power for the DC load; the energy storage action program comprises energy storage active instruction calculation, energy storage support control and energy storage support switching;
when the energy storage is not put into, taking the maximum value as an energy storage active instruction according to the overload capacity of each station obtained in the overload judging program;
(5) And (3) energy storage and charging: when the direct current load is lighter and the system has no overload and no fault, the direct current bus charges the direct current energy storage device; when the energy storage charging is started, if the rated charging power of the energy storage is larger than the limit value of the charging power of the energy storage, the charging power of the energy storage is updated to be the limit value of the charging power of the energy storage in real time; if the energy storage rated charging power is larger than the energy storage charging power limit value, maintaining the energy storage rated charging power as the rated charging power;
(6) Node control: when communication failure occurs between the controller and the PCS, communication management is carried out through a mode of switching on/off node coding, and the output power of the converter is controlled;
and no communication traffic exists in the node control mode, communication management is carried out through the mode of switching on/off node codes, the converter acquires the total power of the transformer and transmits the total power to the controller through the switching on/off codes, and a power control instruction of the controller is coded to the converter to switch on/off.
Optionally, a control protection policy of the flexible power distribution system is formulated, a control protection requirement of the flexible direct current power distribution system is analyzed, a partition protection scheme of the system is determined, and protection parameters are set, including:
according to faults of different areas, the protection matching scheme of the engineering protection partition and the protection action sequence of each area are as follows:
(1) Fault of ac protection zone
When the alternating current protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device to perform locking action, the quick fuse serves as a backup, the connection between the direct current side and the alternating current side is cut off, the direct current side is prevented from reversely outputting short-circuit current to the alternating current side, the direct current network protection area and the load protection area do not act, and finally, the alternating current protection area acts to cut off fault current; the direct current area and the alternating current area stop supplying power;
(2) Failure of valve area protection zone
When the valve area protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device to perform locking action, the quick fuse serves as a backup, the quick fuse cuts off the connection between the quick fuse and the alternating current side and between the quick fuse and the direct current side, after the valve area protection action, the fault point disappears, the short circuit current is reduced, and the direct current network protection area, the load protection area and the alternating current protection area do not act; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence;
(3) Load protection zone fault
When the load protection area fails, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device locking action fast fuse as a backup, cuts off a power supply point, secondly, the load protection area acts, disconnects the connection between the load and a network, and neither the alternating current protection area nor the direct current network protection area acts; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence;
(4) Direct current network protection zone fault
When the direct current network protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protection action and the load protection area action are carried out to disconnect the power supply and the load from the direct current network, and secondly, the direct current circuit breaker of the direct current network protection area is carried out, the quick fuse is used as a backup, and the alternating current protection area is not carried out; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence.
Optionally, with the operation cost as an objective function, a safe economic dispatch model of the flexible direct current power distribution system is established, including:
step 61, determining an objective function by the following method:
in order to represent the overall running cost in the safety schedule, the following objective function is obtained:
min C tr +C vsc +C acev +C dcev +C regular
wherein: c (C) tr C is the loss cost of the transformer vsc C is the loss cost of the converter acev To cut off the corresponding cost of the AC charging load, C dcev C for cutting off the corresponding cost of the direct current charging load regular The cost corresponding to the residential electric load is cut off;
transformer loss cost:
the transformer loss comprises iron loss and copper loss, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
C tr ＝c cost (C fe +C cu )
wherein: c cost Electricity price for the time section studied; n is the number of interconnected areas;and->The operating core loss and rated copper loss of the ith transformer are respectively; beta i And->The load rate and the power of the ith transformer are respectively; />Is the capacity of the ith transformer;
converter loss cost
Converter loss is proportional to the power transmitted by the converter [62]
Wherein: η (eta) vsc For the conversion efficiency of the current transformer, P i vsc The power of the i-th converter. P (P) i vsc >0 indicates that the converter is in a rectifying state, and power flows from the transformer to the direct current bus; p (P) i vsc The value less than 0 indicates that the converter is in an inversion state, and power flows from the direct current bus to the transformer;
load shedding cost of electric automobile:
the load shedding cost of the electric automobile is the product of the load shedding amount and the current charging electricity price:
C dcev ＝c cost P c-dcev
wherein: p (P) i c-acev And P i c-dcev Respectively representing the cut alternating current charging power and direct current charging power of the electric automobile;
load cost is cut to residential electricity:
the residential electricity cutting load cost is the product of the cutting load quantity and the patch cost:
wherein: c con And P i c-regular Respectively representing the unit subsidy price and the cut resident load power;
step 62, determining constraint conditions:
transformer operating constraints and ac power balance:
the injection power of the transformer is the sum of the accessed residential load, the alternating current charging load and the power of the converter, and the load ratio is controlled in a certain range:
P i tr ＝(P i regular -P i c-regular )+(P i ac -P i c-acev )+P i vsc
β i ≤β max
wherein:injection power for the ith transformer, P i regular For resident load power connected to the ith transformer，P i c-regular For load power of cut-off residents, P i ac For the alternating current charging load power, P, connected to the ith transformer in the section under investigation i c-acev For cut-off ac charging load power beta max Is the upper load factor limit;
converter operation constraints:
the power of the converter cannot exceed the rated power:
wherein: p (P) i vsc，max The power maximum value of the ith station area converter;for the state variable of the ith transformer area converter,/-, for example>When 1, the converter is in the running state, < >>When the current transformer is 0, the current transformer is in a cut-off state.
Direct current bus constraint and direct current power balance:
on the direct current bus, the sum of the power of the converter, the energy storage power and the power of the direct current load is equal to each other:
wherein: p (P) i ess For a given stored energy power; p (P) dc The method comprises the steps of (1) charging direct current of an electric automobile in a section to be studied; p (P) c-dc And charging the cut-off electric automobile direct current.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) According to the method, a cow method is adopted to realize iterative calculation of the power flow, and the power flow loss of the flexible direct current system after the flexible direct current system is connected with a load is estimated; the overload and heavy load are used as cores to establish a risk assessment system, and after the load of the large-scale electric automobile is accessed, the system bears the load impact, so that the load shedding risk is reduced; (2) The flexible power distribution system operation is divided into eight scenes, the flow of switching between the system operation and the scenes is set, and control logic under different scenes is established, so that different operation requirements are met; (3) According to the control protection requirement of the flexible direct current power distribution system, a system protection scheme is designed according to the transient process when faults occur, setting protection parameters are optimized, a scheduling model is established by taking the running cost of the flexible direct current system as an objective function, and economical and optimal safe scheduling is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a flexible dc power distribution system.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the flow calculation of the Czochralski method.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the flexible dc power distribution system.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a different scenario operation mode judgment.
FIG. 5 is a control protection partition schematic.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for operating and controlling a flexible direct current power distribution system taking charging piles into consideration, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a networking scheme of a flexible direct current power distribution system suitable for a large number of charging piles to access, and determining a system architecture.
The method is characterized in that a networking scheme of a flexible direct current distribution system suitable for a large number of charging piles is researched, firstly, a system architecture which is most suitable for on-site power supply is selected by comparing topological structures of different kinds of interconnection, and all functions which can be realized by different devices in the system are determined.
According to the requirement that the configuration is carried out on the two distribution transformers in the construction of the current distribution system, the topology structure of the flexible direct current distribution system is selected as shown in figure 1. The system architecture is powered by four distribution transformer areas, an AC/DC converter and an AC load are arranged under each distribution transformer of each distribution transformer area, outgoing lines on the DC sides of the AC/DC converters of all the distribution areas are interconnected through a DC bus, and three DC charging piles and a DC energy storage device are connected with the DC bus;
in order to meet the requirements of different types, alternating current public charging piles and direct current public charging piles are selected to be mixed and matched, so that the load requirements of different types are met; the service objects of the public charging piles are mainly electric automobile quick charging, and the number of the direct current charging piles and the alternating current charging piles is 1:1; the total capacity of the converter can cover the total power of the charging pile; when the direct current charging pile is charged, the power of the converter is from the alternating current side to the direct current side; when the alternating current pile is charged, the power of the converter is from the direct current side to the alternating current side; however, the dc side itself has no power supply, and another converter in the other station is required to transfer power from the ac side to the dc side, and then the power is inverted from the converter in the other station to the ac side.
The direct current mutual supply system can meet the emergency support function under the fault working condition, and when a certain platform area breaks down, the energy storage system can be supported in an emergency mode, so that the charging requirement of the electric automobile when the electric network breaks down in a short time is met.
And secondly, introducing tide calculation, analyzing the influence of the charging pile on the flexible direct current system, and establishing a risk assessment system of the flexible direct current system.
When large-scale direct current loads are transmitted on the cable, larger voltage drop is usually brought, the excessive voltage drop means that the electric energy quality is poor, the actual requirements are difficult to meet, and the stable voltage control of the converter is not facilitated; meanwhile, the network loss in the platform area is necessarily large, which is not beneficial to reducing the running cost. Therefore, a load flow calculation model needs to be built to evaluate the line loss and the voltage drop.
Determining the power flow of a direct current network by applying a Newton Lapherson method:
step 21, inputting original data of a network to form a node conductance matrix Y; yab=y between two connected points, and y=0 between two disconnected points;
step 22, setting the initial voltage value of each nodeSetting iteration count k=0, and entering an iteration process of a bovine-pulling method;
step 23, substituting the voltage into the power equation to obtain the unbalance amount delta P in the correction equation i (k) ；
Step 24, each element in the jacobian matrix is calculated by using the current node voltage value;
step 25, solving a correction equation to obtain the correction amount of the voltage of each node
Step 26, correcting the value of each voltage, wherein the calculation method is as follows:
step 27, checking whether the convergence has occurred, and determining whether the convergence has occurred by using a given convergence criterion:
step 28, if the convergence is not achieved, k=k+1, returning to step 23, and continuing to perform iterative calculation;
and 29, if the power distribution in each line and the power injected by the balance node are converged, the power flow state of the whole network is obtained.
A flow chart of flow calculation using the bovine method is shown in fig. 2.
Determining an operation mechanism suitable for the flexible direct current power distribution area, and dividing states according to potential operation scenes;
and establishing an operation mechanism of the flexible direct current distribution transformer area, and dividing the operation state according to different operation scenes.
According to the engineering field requirements and the stable operation requirements of the flexible direct current power distribution system, the flexible direct current power distribution system comprises the following operation modes: starting, direct current transfer, fault isolation, alternating current transfer, fault support, energy storage charging, node control and fault exit; the starting and direct current transferring are running modes of the system in a normal state, and the other running modes of the system in a special state. The flexible dc power distribution system operates as shown in fig. 3.
And fourthly, designing control logic of different scenes, and realizing comprehensive maximization of the operation benefit of each scene.
Several special modes of operation are:
(1) Fault isolation: when one PCS fails, stopping the PCS and switching off a DC side switch of the PCS, cutting off the connection with a DC bus, and automatically balancing the current DC load by the PCS of each remaining platform area according to the available DC capacity; overload is prevented after the PCS of the single station area fails, and the normal operation of the system is prevented from being influenced by the failed station area.
Determining the number of the PCS with faults to act by detecting the fault word state and the working state sent by the PCS of each area; if the fault PCS has only 1 PCS and is a PCS locking exit caused by the fault of the reasons except the voltage loss of the alternating current bus of the platform area, and meanwhile, no system-level fault exists, the direct current interconnection switch of the PCS of the platform area is disconnected, and a start prohibition instruction is sent to the fault PCS;
(2) Alternating current flow supply: when the alternating current load of the transformer area is overloaded, a direct current bus is used for supplying power to the alternating current load through the PCS of the transformer area to treat the alternating current overload, and the direct current load and the overload power are automatically balanced by the PCS of the rest transformer areas according to the direct current available capacity, so that the power consumption requirement of the alternating current load of the transformer area is met, and the overload of a distribution transformer of the transformer area is prevented;
according to the overload power obtained by the state calculation program, a certain control margin is considered to obtain an alternating current transfer active instruction and a negative value of the PCS of the overload station; meanwhile, subtracting an active command of the PCS of the overload station from the total direct current load, obtaining the total active force of the PCS of the residual N-1 station by a negative value, determining an active distribution coefficient of the N-1 machine, and obtaining the active command of the PCS of the residual N-1 station by multiplying the total active force by the positive command of the PCS of the residual N-1 station;
(3) Fault support: when the alternating current side of the station area fails and loses power, the direct current bus restores power supply to the alternating current side through the PCS of the station area, and the direct current load and the alternating current load are automatically balanced by the PCS of the rest station areas according to the available direct current capacity; therefore, a standby power supply can be provided for alternating current load, and the reliability of the power distribution system and the electricity consumption experience of users are improved.
The alternating current bus of the power-losing alternating current transformer area is supplied with power again, and only the recovery power supply is supported for the fault voltage losing of the power side of the single transformer area at present; when the fault support state is entered, namely N-1 operation; after overload under the operation of N-1 is temporarily not considered, the direct current energy storage is used for supporting, if overload occurs in the pre-judging system, the jump to fault isolation is carried out after the anti-shake; after the power supply of the voltage-losing station is restored, PCS fault of the fault support station is caused, the fault support only considers 1 reclosing, if successful, the operation is jumped back to N direct cooperative control operation, otherwise, fault isolation is carried out;
(6) Energy storage support: when the system DC load is overloaded, the DC energy storage device provides overload power for the DC load; the energy storage action program comprises energy storage active instruction calculation, energy storage support control and energy storage support switching;
when the energy storage is not put into, according to the overload capacity of each station obtained in the overload judging program, (whether the main station or the multi-station overload is carried out, the overload power of each station is calculated), and the maximum value is taken as an energy storage active instruction; the power of the direct current energy storage support is distributed according to the power distribution coefficient of each station, and overload conditions of each station area can be relieved as long as the energy storage active instruction is calculated according to the maximum overload capacity and the energy storage input is carried out.
(5) And (3) energy storage and charging: when the direct current load is lighter and the system has no overload and no fault, the direct current bus charges the direct current energy storage device; when the energy storage charging is started, if the rated charging power of the energy storage is larger than the limit value of the charging power of the energy storage, the charging power of the energy storage is updated to be the limit value of the charging power of the energy storage in real time; if the energy storage rated charging power is larger than the energy storage charging power limit value, maintaining the energy storage rated charging power as the rated charging power;
(6) Node control: when communication failure occurs between the controller and the PCS, communication management is carried out through a mode of switching on/off node coding, and the output power of the converter is controlled; and a standby communication mode is provided for the system, so that the system is prevented from being out of control after communication failure.
And no communication traffic exists in the node control mode, communication management is carried out through the mode of switching on/off node codes, the converter acquires the total power of the transformer and transmits the total power to the controller through the switching on/off codes, and a power control instruction of the controller is coded to the converter to switch on/off.
The different scene operation mode judgment flow chart is shown in fig. 4.
And fifthly, formulating a control protection strategy of the flexible power distribution system, analyzing the control protection requirement of the flexible direct current power distribution system, determining a partition protection scheme of the system and setting protection parameters.
And analyzing the control protection requirement of the system, and definitely determining the transient process when the fault occurs, so that the targeted design is realized, the partition protection scheme of the system is designed, and the protection parameters are set.
The flexible direct current distribution system is characterized in that the system is a complex system with multiple power supplies, multiple equipment integration and multiple load types, and different types of protection are required to be configured for different protection objects in order to ensure the protection flexibility. The system protection partition may be divided as follows: the schematic diagram of the control protection zones is shown in fig. 5, and the ac zone, the valve zone, the dc network and the load zone.
According to faults of different areas, the protection matching scheme of the engineering protection partition and the protection action sequence of each area are as follows:
(1) Fault of ac protection zone
When the alternating current protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device to perform locking action, the quick fuse serves as a backup, the connection between the direct current side and the alternating current side is cut off, the direct current side is prevented from reversely outputting short-circuit current to the alternating current side, the direct current network protection area and the load protection area do not act, and finally, the alternating current protection area acts to cut off fault current; the direct current area and the alternating current area stop supplying power;
(2) Failure of valve area protection zone
When the valve area protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device to perform locking action, the quick fuse serves as a backup, the quick fuse cuts off the connection between the quick fuse and the alternating current side and between the quick fuse and the direct current side, after the valve area protection action, the fault point disappears, the short circuit current is reduced, and the direct current network protection area, the load protection area and the alternating current protection area do not act; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence;
(3) Load protection zone fault
When the load protection area fails, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device locking action fast fuse as a backup, cuts off a power supply point, secondly, the load protection area acts, disconnects the connection between the load and a network, and neither the alternating current protection area nor the direct current network protection area acts; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence;
(4) Direct current network protection zone fault
When the direct current network protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protection action and the load protection area action are carried out to disconnect the power supply and the load from the direct current network, and secondly, the direct current circuit breaker of the direct current network protection area is carried out, the quick fuse is used as a backup, and the alternating current protection area is not carried out; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence.
And step six, establishing a safe economic dispatching model of the flexible direct current power distribution system by taking the operation cost as an objective function.
Under the fault scene, flexible direct current power distribution safety dispatching considering N-1 needs to be introduced, and the aim is to reduce the cut load quantity through load transfer, so as to improve the power supply reliability.
Step 61, determining an objective function by the following method:
in order to represent the overall running cost in the safety schedule, the following objective function is obtained:
min C tr +C vsc +C acev +C dcev +C regular
wherein: c (C) tr C is the loss cost of the transformer vsc C is the loss cost of the converter acev To cut off the corresponding cost of the AC charging load, C dcev C for cutting off the corresponding cost of the direct current charging load regular The cost corresponding to the residential electric load is cut off;
transformer loss cost:
the transformer loss comprises iron loss and copper loss, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
C tr ＝c cost (C fe +C cu )
wherein: c cost Electricity price for the time section studied; n is the number of interconnected areas;and->The operating core loss and rated copper loss of the ith transformer are respectively; beta i And->The load rate and the power of the ith transformer are respectively; />Is the capacity of the ith transformer;
converter loss cost
Converter loss is proportional to the power transmitted by the converter [62]
Wherein: η (eta) vsc For the conversion efficiency of the current transformer, P i vsc The power of the i-th converter. P (P) i vsc >0 indicates that the converter is in a rectifying state, and power flows from the transformer to the direct current bus; p (P) i vsc The value less than 0 indicates that the converter is in an inversion state, and power flows from the direct current bus to the transformer;
load shedding cost of electric automobile:
the load shedding cost of the electric automobile is the product of the load shedding amount and the current charging electricity price:
C dcev ＝c cost P c-dcev
wherein: p (P) i c-acev And P i c-dcev Respectively representing the cut alternating current charging power and direct current charging power of the electric automobile;
load cost is cut to residential electricity:
in consideration of the power supply reliability and inconvenience caused by cutting off residential and domestic electric loads, the residential and domestic electric loads need to be correspondingly compensated, so that the residential and domestic electric load cutting cost is the product of the cutting load quantity and the patch cost:
wherein: c con And P i c-regular Respectively representing the unit subsidy price and the cut resident load power;
step 62, determining constraint conditions:
transformer operating constraints and ac power balance:
the injection power of the transformer is the sum of the accessed residential load, the alternating current charging load and the power of the converter, and the load ratio is controlled in a certain range:
P i tr ＝(P i regular -P i c-regular )+(P i ac -P i c-acev )+P i vsc
β i ≤β max
wherein:P i tr injection power for the ith transformer, P i regular For resident load power, P, connected to the ith transformer i c-regular For load power of cut-off residents, P i ac For the alternating current charging load power, P, connected to the ith transformer in the section under investigation i c-acev For cut-off ac charging load power beta max Is the upper load factor limit;
converter operation constraints:
the power of the converter cannot exceed the rated power:
wherein: p (P) i vsc，max The power maximum value of the ith station area converter;for the state variable of the ith transformer area converter,/-, for example>When 1, the converter is in the running state, < >>When the current transformer is 0, the current transformer is in a cut-off state.
Direct current bus constraint and direct current power balance:
on the direct current bus, the sum of the power of the converter, the energy storage power and the power of the direct current load is equal to each other:
wherein: p (P) i ess For a given stored energy power; p (P) dc The method comprises the steps of (1) charging direct current of an electric automobile in a section to be studied; p (P) c-dc And charging the cut-off electric automobile direct current.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: (1) According to the method, a cow method is adopted to realize iterative calculation of the power flow, and the power flow loss of the flexible direct current system after the flexible direct current system is connected with a load is estimated; the overload and heavy load are used as cores to establish a risk assessment system, and after the load of the large-scale electric automobile is accessed, the system bears the load impact, so that the load shedding risk is reduced; (2) The flexible power distribution system operation is divided into eight scenes, the flow of switching between the system operation and the scenes is set, and control logic under different scenes is established, so that different operation requirements are met; (3) According to the control protection requirement of the flexible direct current power distribution system, a system protection scheme is designed according to the transient process when faults occur, setting protection parameters are optimized, a scheduling model is established by taking the running cost of the flexible direct current system as an objective function, and economical and optimal safe scheduling is achieved.
Claims (7)
1. A method of flexible dc power distribution system operation and control in view of charging piles, the method comprising:
step one, selecting a networking scheme of a flexible direct current power distribution system suitable for a large number of charging piles to access, and determining a system architecture;
secondly, introducing tide calculation, analyzing the influence of a charging pile on the flexible direct current system, and establishing a risk assessment system of the flexible direct current system;
determining an operation mechanism suitable for the flexible direct current power distribution area, and dividing states according to potential operation scenes;
designing control logic of different scenes to realize comprehensive maximization of operation benefit of each scene;
fifthly, formulating a control protection strategy of the flexible power distribution system, analyzing the control protection requirement of the flexible direct current power distribution system, determining a partition protection scheme of the system and setting protection parameters;
and step six, establishing a safe economic dispatching model of the flexible direct current power distribution system by taking the operation cost as an objective function.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a flexible dc distribution system networking scheme suitable for a large number of charging piles, determining a system architecture, comprises:
the system architecture is powered by four distribution transformer areas, an AC/DC converter and an AC load are arranged under each distribution transformer of each distribution transformer area, outgoing lines on the DC sides of the AC/DC converters of all the distribution areas are interconnected through a DC bus, and three DC charging piles and a DC energy storage device are connected with the DC bus;
selecting an alternating current public charging pile and a direct current public charging pile to mix and match; the service objects of the public charging piles are mainly electric automobile quick charging, and the number of the direct current charging piles and the alternating current charging piles is 1:1; the total capacity of the converter can cover the total power of the charging pile; when the direct current charging pile is charged, the power of the converter is from the alternating current side to the direct current side; when charging an ac pile, the converter power is from the dc side to the ac side.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein introducing a power flow calculation to analyze the effect of the charging pile on the flexible direct current system and establishing a flexible direct current system risk assessment system comprises:
determining the power flow of a direct current network by applying a Newton Lapherson method:
step 21, inputting original data of a network to form a node conductance matrix Y; yab=y between two connected points, and y=0 between two disconnected points;
step 22, setting the initial voltage value of each nodeSetting iteration count k=0, and entering an iteration process of a bovine-pulling method;
step 23, substituting the voltage into the power equation to obtain the unbalance amount delta P in the correction equation i (k) ；
Step 24, each element in the jacobian matrix is calculated by using the current node voltage value;
step 25, solving a correction equation to obtain the correction amount of the voltage of each node
Step 26, correcting the value of each voltage, wherein the calculation method is as follows:
step 27, checking whether the convergence has occurred, and determining whether the convergence has occurred by using a given convergence criterion:
step 28, if the convergence is not achieved, k=k+1, returning to step 23, and continuing to perform iterative calculation;
and 29, if the power distribution in each line and the power injected by the balance node are converged, the power flow state of the whole network is obtained.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining an operating mechanism applicable to the flexible dc distribution block, dividing states according to potential operating scenarios, comprises:
the flexible direct current power distribution system comprises the following operation modes: starting, direct current transfer, fault isolation, alternating current transfer, fault support, energy storage charging, node control and fault exit; the starting and direct current transferring are running modes of the system in a normal state, and the other running modes of the system in a special state.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein control logic for different scenarios is designed to achieve comprehensive maximization of operational benefit for each scenario.
Several special modes of operation are:
(1) Fault isolation: when one PCS fails, stopping the PCS and switching off a DC side switch of the PCS, cutting off the connection with a DC bus, and automatically balancing the current DC load by the PCS of each remaining platform area according to the available DC capacity;
determining the number of the PCS with faults to act by detecting the fault word state and the working state sent by the PCS of each area; if the fault PCS has only 1 PCS and is a PCS locking exit caused by the fault of the reasons except the voltage loss of the alternating current bus of the platform area, and meanwhile, no system-level fault exists, the direct current interconnection switch of the PCS of the platform area is disconnected, and a start prohibition instruction is sent to the fault PCS;
(2) Alternating current flow supply: when the alternating current load of the transformer area is overloaded, a direct current bus is used for supplying power to the alternating current load through the PCS of the transformer area to treat the alternating current overload, and the direct current load and the overload power are automatically balanced by the PCS of the rest transformer areas according to the direct current available capacity, so that the power consumption requirement of the alternating current load of the transformer area is met, and the overload of a distribution transformer of the transformer area is prevented;
according to the overload power obtained by the state calculation program, a certain control margin is considered to obtain an alternating current transfer active instruction and a negative value of the PCS of the overload station; meanwhile, subtracting an active command of the PCS of the overload station from the total direct current load, obtaining the total active force of the PCS of the residual N-1 station by a negative value, determining an active distribution coefficient of the N-1 machine, and obtaining the active command of the PCS of the residual N-1 station by multiplying the total active force by the positive command of the PCS of the residual N-1 station;
(3) Fault support: when the alternating current side of the station area fails and loses power, the direct current bus restores power supply to the alternating current side through the PCS of the station area, and the direct current load and the alternating current load are automatically balanced by the PCS of the rest station areas according to the available direct current capacity;
the alternating current bus of the power-losing alternating current transformer area is supplied with power again, and only the recovery power supply is supported for the fault voltage losing of the power side of the single transformer area at present; when the fault support state is entered, namely N-1 operation; after overload under the operation of N-1 is temporarily not considered, the direct current energy storage is used for supporting, if overload occurs in the pre-judging system, the jump to fault isolation is carried out after the anti-shake; after the power supply of the voltage-losing station is restored, PCS fault of the fault support station is caused, the fault support only considers 1 reclosing, if successful, the operation is jumped back to N direct cooperative control operation, otherwise, fault isolation is carried out;
(4) Energy storage support: when the system DC load is overloaded, the DC energy storage device provides overload power for the DC load; the energy storage action program comprises energy storage active instruction calculation, energy storage support control and energy storage support switching;
when the energy storage is not put into, taking the maximum value as an energy storage active instruction according to the overload capacity of each station obtained in the overload judging program;
(5) And (3) energy storage and charging: when the direct current load is lighter and the system has no overload and no fault, the direct current bus charges the direct current energy storage device; when the energy storage charging is started, if the rated charging power of the energy storage is larger than the limit value of the charging power of the energy storage, the charging power of the energy storage is updated to be the limit value of the charging power of the energy storage in real time; if the energy storage rated charging power is larger than the energy storage charging power limit value, maintaining the energy storage rated charging power as the rated charging power;
(6) Node control: when communication failure occurs between the controller and the PCS, communication management is carried out through a mode of switching on/off node coding, and the output power of the converter is controlled;
and no communication traffic exists in the node control mode, communication management is carried out through the mode of switching on/off node codes, the converter acquires the total power of the transformer and transmits the total power to the controller through the switching on/off codes, and a power control instruction of the controller is coded to the converter to switch on/off.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein formulating a control protection strategy for the flexible power distribution system, analyzing control protection requirements for the flexible dc power distribution system, determining a zone protection scheme for the system, and tuning protection parameters comprises:
according to faults of different areas, the protection matching scheme of the engineering protection partition and the protection action sequence of each area are as follows:
(1) Fault of ac protection zone
When the alternating current protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device to perform locking action, the quick fuse serves as a backup, the connection between the direct current side and the alternating current side is cut off, the direct current side is prevented from reversely outputting short-circuit current to the alternating current side, the direct current network protection area and the load protection area do not act, and finally, the alternating current protection area acts to cut off fault current; the direct current area and the alternating current area stop supplying power;
(2) Failure of valve area protection zone
When the valve area protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device to perform locking action, the quick fuse serves as a backup, the quick fuse cuts off the connection between the quick fuse and the alternating current side and between the quick fuse and the direct current side, after the valve area protection action, the fault point disappears, the short circuit current is reduced, and the direct current network protection area, the load protection area and the alternating current protection area do not act; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence;
(3) Load protection zone fault
When the load protection area fails, firstly, the valve area protects the power electronic device locking action fast fuse as a backup, cuts off a power supply point, secondly, the load protection area acts, disconnects the connection between the load and a network, and neither the alternating current protection area nor the direct current network protection area acts; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence;
(4) Direct current network protection zone fault
When the direct current network protection area breaks down, firstly, the valve area protection action and the load protection area action are carried out to disconnect the power supply and the load from the direct current network, and secondly, the direct current circuit breaker of the direct current network protection area is carried out, the quick fuse is used as a backup, and the alternating current protection area is not carried out; the direct current region stops supplying power, and the alternating current region has no influence.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein building a safe economic dispatch model of the flexible dc power distribution system with the running cost as an objective function comprises:
step 61, determining an objective function by the following method:
in order to represent the overall running cost in the safety schedule, the following objective function is obtained:
min C tr +C vsc +C acev +C dcev +C regular
wherein: c (C) tr C is the loss cost of the transformer vsc C is the loss cost of the converter acev To cut off the corresponding cost of the AC charging load, C dcev C for cutting off the corresponding cost of the direct current charging load regular Corresponding to cutting off the domestic electric loadCost of (2);
transformer loss cost:
the transformer loss comprises iron loss and copper loss, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
C tr ＝c cost (C fe +C cu )
wherein: c cost Electricity price for the time section studied; n is the number of interconnected areas;and->The operating core loss and rated copper loss of the ith transformer are respectively; beta i And P i tr The load rate and the power of the ith transformer are respectively; />Is the capacity of the ith transformer;
converter loss cost
Converter loss is proportional to the power transmitted by the converter [62]
Wherein: η (eta) vsc Is a variable flowConversion efficiency of the device, P i vsc The power of the i-th converter. P (P) i vsc >0 indicates that the converter is in a rectifying state, and power flows from the transformer to the direct current bus; p (P) i vsc The value less than 0 indicates that the converter is in an inversion state, and power flows from the direct current bus to the transformer;
load shedding cost of electric automobile:
the load shedding cost of the electric automobile is the product of the load shedding amount and the current charging electricity price:
C dcev ＝c cost P c-dcev
wherein: p (P) i c-acev And P i c-dcev Respectively representing the cut alternating current charging power and direct current charging power of the electric automobile;
load cost is cut to residential electricity:
the residential electricity cutting load cost is the product of the cutting load quantity and the patch cost:
wherein: c con And P i c-regular Respectively representing the unit subsidy price and the cut resident load power;
step 62, determining constraint conditions:
transformer operating constraints and ac power balance:
the injection power of the transformer is the sum of the accessed residential load, the alternating current charging load and the power of the converter, and the load ratio is controlled in a certain range:
P i tr ＝(P i regular -P i c-regular )+(P i ac -P i c-acev )+P i vsc
β i ≤β max
wherein: p (P) i tr Injection power for the ith transformer, P i regular For resident load power, P, connected to the ith transformer i c-regular For load power of cut-off residents, P i ac For the alternating current charging load power, P, connected to the ith transformer in the section under investigation i c-acev For cut-off ac charging load power beta max Is the upper load factor limit;
converter operation constraints:
the power of the converter cannot exceed the rated power:
wherein: p (P) i vsc，max The power maximum value of the ith station area converter;for the state variable of the ith transformer area converter,/-, for example>When 1, the converter is in the running state, < >>When the current transformer is 0, the current transformer is in a cut-off state.
Direct current bus constraint and direct current power balance:
on the direct current bus, the sum of the power of the converter, the energy storage power and the power of the direct current load is equal to each other:
wherein: p (P) i ess For a given stored energy power; p (P) dc The method comprises the steps of (1) charging direct current of an electric automobile in a section to be studied; p (P) c-dc And charging the cut-off electric automobile direct current.
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