CN116613348A - Energy management method of dual-fuel battery module - Google Patents
Energy management method of dual-fuel battery module Download PDFInfo
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- CN116613348A CN116613348A CN202310581949.4A CN202310581949A CN116613348A CN 116613348 A CN116613348 A CN 116613348A CN 202310581949 A CN202310581949 A CN 202310581949A CN 116613348 A CN116613348 A CN 116613348A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The application relates to an energy management method of a dual-fuel battery module, which is characterized by energy management with optimized efficiency, energy management with balanced service life and energy management with combined efficiency and service life. The present application provides sufficient options and flexibility for the operation of a dual fuel battery system to enable overall operation to achieve the intended objectives.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to an energy management method of a dual-fuel battery module.
Background
To provide higher power output, two fuel cells may be connected in parallel to form a dual fuel cell system with a greater output power. However, the two fuel cells in the system may have different characteristics, mainly different life degradation and different output efficiency characteristics, due to the difference in manufacturing process and load bearing. When the life of two fuel cells is degraded to a different extent, if the corresponding energy management measures are still not taken, they are still given the same power, which accelerates the degradation of the fuel cell that has been degraded, so that the overall system loses the output of one fuel cell in advance. On the other hand, when the operating efficiencies of the two fuel cells are different, the same power is still output, and the optimal efficiency of the overall dual fuel cell system cannot be obtained.
Current energy management techniques are mainly applied in hybrid energy systems of fuel cells and batteries, while energy management techniques or solutions for large systems of multiple fuel cell combinations are less. Moreover, in the current technical scheme, only one objective of efficiency optimization or life balancing is considered, but the selection of the combination of efficiency optimization priority or life balancing priority and efficiency life cannot be provided, so that a dual-fuel battery large system cannot be operated in different energy management modes under different environments.
Meanwhile, the prior art has limited schemes per se for composing one large fuel cell from a plurality of fuel cells, and generally only considers a single object as an object of energy management, not providing sufficient flexibility. Such as energy management using efficiency optimization alone, may result in different life expectancy degradation of the two fuel cells in the system due to non-consideration of life balancing, and vice versa.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application aims to provide an energy management method of a dual-fuel battery module.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
an energy management method of a dual fuel battery module, comprising the steps of:
efficiency optimized energy management
1) Constructing an efficiency curve of the fuel cell:
wherein ,Pin To input power, P out The output power is given, and a, b and c are respectively fitted coefficients;
2) Two efficiency curves of the fuel cells were constructed:
wherein subscripts 1 and 2 represent the power and parameters of the two fuel cells, respectively;
3) For two parallel fuel cell systems, the overall output power and efficiency are:
wherein ,Pall For the overall output power of the system, eta all The overall efficiency of the system;
4) Combining equations (1) and (2), P out2 Elimination can result in a function of overall system efficiency:
wherein ,
5) In equation (4), if the power requirement P of the overall system is to be calculated all Regarding as constant, the overall efficiency is related to P out1 While the goal of efficiency-optimized energy management is to find a P out1 Maximizing overall system efficiency by providing for P out1 The bias leads of (a) can be obtained:
6) Taking zero on the left side of equation (5) can obtain the fuel cell power output that maximizes the system efficiency as follows:
7) And the optimum efficiency at this time is:
energy management for lifetime equalization
8) Constructing an initial and life-attenuated power output characteristic of the fuel cell:
9) A life indicator is defined that is not affected by load variations as follows:
wherein lambda is defined as the relative power decay rate, P is an index of the life of the fuel cell FC0 For the ideal power measured when a healthy stack (i.e., stack is not in use), P at each current can be obtained by testing the polarization curve at an early stage and fitting FC0 ，P FCD Is the fuel cell output power after life degradation (i.e., after a period of use); lambda is calculated as P FC0 and PFCD A ratio at a certain current I;
10 By calculating the lambda value for each fuel cell in the dual fuel cell system and then distributing the output power variation of the two fuel cells according to the lambda value, the formula is as follows:
wherein ,ΔPall Is a systemOverall power output variation, i.e. the difference in current power demand compared to the power demand at the previous time, Δp 1 and ΔP2 Output power of the two fuel cells varies respectively;
energy management with efficiency life integration
11 For the power request of the system, the power request is firstly divided into a high frequency part and a low frequency part through a low pass filter, then the high frequency part is supplied to the service life balance energy management module, the low frequency part is supplied to the efficiency optimization energy management module, and the power request of the final fuel cell is formed by adding the outputs of the two energy management modules.
Preferably, in the energy management method of a dual fuel battery module, in the energy management with optimized efficiency, the input energy of the fuel cell is measured by a hydrogen flow meter in the stack.
Preferably, in the energy management method of a dual fuel battery module, in energy management of lifetime equalization, λ is calculated as P FC0 and PFCD The proportion at a certain current I, but not specifically limited to this current value, is primarily aimed at enabling a sufficient degree of discrimination of the calculated lambda to characterize its lifetime attenuation for distributing power fluctuations.
Preferably, in the energy management method of the dual-fuel battery module, the output characteristics of the fuel cell are recorded through a voltage sensor and a current sensor in energy management of balanced service life.
Preferably, in the energy management method of the dual-fuel battery module, the system is formed by connecting two fuel cells in parallel.
By means of the scheme, the application has at least the following advantages:
the application provides an energy management strategy for a dual-fuel battery system, which provides three energy management options of efficiency optimization priority, life balance priority and efficiency life, and controls the life attenuation degree of two fuel cells in the system to be consistent and simultaneously gives consideration to system efficiency and life attenuation degree balance through the three options. The three options of the application provide more flexibility for operating the multi-fuel cell system, and can be switched under different operating environments, so that the overall operation can reach the expected aim.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present application, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a dual fuel battery system of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of fuel cell efficiency for the present application;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an efficiency optimal energy management of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the output characteristics of the fuel cell of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a life-time equalization energy management block diagram of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the efficiency life coupled with energy management of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, an energy management method of a dual fuel battery module includes the steps of:
efficiency optimized energy management
As shown in fig. 3, the overall efficiency-optimized energy management block diagram first measures and calculates the efficiency curve of the fuel cell on line, and the input energy of the fuel cell can be measured by the hydrogen flow meter in the stack or indirectly obtained by a parameter identification method. After obtaining the efficiency data of the fuel cell, equation parameters a, b, and c are obtained by fitting a quadratic equation. For each system power request, the fuel cell output power that optimizes the system efficiency can be calculated by equation (6), as follows:
1) An efficiency curve of a fuel cell is constructed, in which the horizontal axis represents the power output from the fuel cell and the vertical axis represents the energy of the input hydrogen, as shown in fig. 2:
wherein ,Pin To input power, P out The output power is given, and a, b and c are respectively fitted coefficients;
2) Two efficiency curves of the fuel cells were constructed:
wherein subscripts 1 and 2 represent the power and parameters of the two fuel cells, respectively;
3) For two parallel fuel cell systems, the overall output power and efficiency are:
wherein ,Pall For the overall output power of the system, eta all The overall efficiency of the system;
4) Combining equations (1) and (2), P out2 Elimination can result in a function of overall system efficiency:
wherein ,
5) In equation (4), if the power requirement P of the overall system is to be calculated all Regarding as constant, the overall efficiency is related to P out1 While the goal of efficiency-optimized energy management is to find a P out1 Maximizing overall system efficiency by providing for P out1 The bias leads of (a) can be obtained:
6) Taking zero on the left side of equation (5) can obtain the fuel cell power output that maximizes the system efficiency as follows:
7) And the optimum efficiency at this time is:
wherein, the difference in manufacturing process and operation conditions in the formula (2) leads to inevitably different efficiency curves for each fuel cell, as shown in fig. 2.
Energy management for lifetime equalization
The energy management block diagram of lifetime equalization, as shown in fig. 5, records the output characteristics of the fuel cell through the voltage sensor and the current sensor, then uses these recorded data to fit a quadratic equation of power and current, such as equation (8), to calculate the power of the current fuel cell at a certain fixed current I, and then uses the power characteristics of the fuel cell at the beginning and equation (9) to calculate the relative power decay rate of the fuel cell as the lifetime decay index. After the relative power attenuation rate of the two fuel cells is obtained by the method, the output power of the two fuel cells is calculated by using a formula (10) according to different service life attenuation degrees of the fuel cells.
In particular, since life degradation is unavoidable after one fuel cell is operated for a certain period of time, and since the difference between different fuel cells, the degree of life degradation of two fuel cells is certainly different in one dual fuel cell system. The life span degradation of a fuel cell can be expressed by its output characteristics, as shown in fig. 4, in which a healthy unused fuel cell has the highest output power at the same output current, and after use, the longer the time, the lower the output power. Thus, the degree of life deterioration thereof can be judged from the output characteristics of the fuel cell;
8) Constructing an initial and life-attenuated power output characteristic of the fuel cell:
9) A life index that is not affected by load variations is defined as follows:
wherein lambda is defined as the relative power decay rate, asP is a life index of a fuel cell FC0 For the ideal power measured when a healthy stack (i.e., stack is not in use), P at each current can be obtained by testing the polarization curve at an early stage and fitting FC0 ，P FCD Is the fuel cell output power after life degradation (i.e., after a period of use); lambda is calculated as P FC0 and PFCD A ratio at a certain current I;
10 By calculating the lambda value for each fuel cell in the dual fuel cell system and then distributing the output power variation of the two fuel cells according to the lambda value, the formula is as follows:
wherein ,ΔPall For the overall power output change of the system, i.e. the difference between the current power demand and the power demand at the previous time, ΔP 1 and ΔP2 Output power of the two fuel cells varies respectively;
the above-mentioned use period is defined by the person skilled in the art, and is not described in detail.
Among them, the life-span decay rate of one fuel cell is most affected by the fluctuation of the output power from the viewpoint of energy management, i.e., the larger the fluctuation of the output power of a certain fuel cell is, the faster the life-span decay rate is.
Energy management with efficiency life integration
Energy management with combined efficiency life time combines the energy management with optimal efficiency and life time balancing described above, as shown in fig. 6;
11 For the power request of the system, the power request is firstly divided into a high frequency part and a low frequency part through a low pass filter, then the high frequency part is supplied to the service life balance energy management module, the low frequency part is supplied to the efficiency optimization energy management module, and the power request of the final fuel cell is formed by adding the outputs of the two energy management modules.
The input energy of the fuel cell in the efficiency optimized energy management of the present application is measured by the hydrogen flow meter in the stack.
In the energy management of lifetime equalization in the present application, lambda is calculated as P FC0 and PFCD The proportion at a certain current I, but not specifically limited to this current value, is primarily aimed at enabling a sufficient degree of discrimination of the calculated lambda to characterize its lifetime attenuation for distributing power fluctuations.
In the application, the following components are added: the output characteristics of the fuel cell are recorded by the voltage sensor and the current sensor at the energy management of the lifetime balance.
The system of the application is formed by connecting two fuel cells in parallel.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the azimuth or positional relationship indicated by the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or positional relationship that is conventionally put in use of the product of this application, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element to be referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or vertical, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and it should be noted that it is possible for those skilled in the art to make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principle of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. An energy management method of a dual-fuel battery module is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
efficiency optimized energy management
1) Constructing an efficiency curve of the fuel cell:
wherein ,Pin To input power, P out The output power is given, and a, b and c are respectively fitted coefficients;
2) Two efficiency curves of the fuel cells were constructed:
wherein subscripts 1 and 2 represent the power and parameters of the two fuel cells, respectively;
3) For two parallel fuel cell systems, the overall output power and efficiency are:
wherein ,Pall For the overall output power of the system, eta all The overall efficiency of the system;
4) Combining equations (1) and (2), P out2 Elimination can result in a function of overall system efficiency:
wherein ,
5) In equation (4), if the power requirement P of the overall system is to be calculated all Regarding as constant, the overall efficiency is related to P out1 While the goal of efficiency-optimized energy management is to find a P out1 Maximizing overall system efficiency by providing for P out1 The bias leads of (a) can be obtained:
6) Taking zero on the left side of equation (5) can obtain the fuel cell power output that maximizes the system efficiency as follows:
7) And the optimum efficiency at this time is:
energy management for lifetime equalization
8) Constructing an initial and life-attenuated power output characteristic of the fuel cell:
9) A life index that is not affected by load variations is defined as follows:
wherein lambda is defined as the relative power decay rate, P is an index of the life of the fuel cell FC0 For the ideal power measured in a healthy pile, P FCD Is the output power of the fuel cell after the service life is reduced; lambda is calculated as P FC0 and PFCD A ratio at a certain current I;
10 By calculating the lambda value for each fuel cell in the dual fuel cell system and then distributing the output power variation of the two fuel cells according to the lambda value, the formula is as follows:
wherein ,ΔPall For the overall power output change of the system, i.e. the difference between the current power demand and the power demand at the previous time, ΔP 1 and ΔP2 Output power of the two fuel cells varies respectively;
energy management with efficiency life integration
11 For the power request of the system, the power request is firstly divided into a high frequency part and a low frequency part through a low pass filter, then the high frequency part is supplied to the service life balance energy management module, the low frequency part is supplied to the efficiency optimization energy management module, and the power request of the final fuel cell is formed by adding the outputs of the two energy management modules.
2. The energy management method of a dual fuel battery module of claim 1, wherein: in efficiency-optimized energy management, the input energy of the fuel cell is measured by a hydrogen flow meter into the stack.
3. The energy management method of a dual fuel battery module of claim 1, wherein: in energy management of lifetime equalization, lambda is calculated as P FC0 and PFCD The proportion at a certain current I, but not specifically limited to this current value, is primarily aimed at enabling a sufficient degree of discrimination of the calculated lambda to characterize its lifetime attenuation for distributing power fluctuations.
4. The energy management method of a dual fuel battery module of claim 1, wherein: the output characteristics of the fuel cell are recorded by the voltage sensor and the current sensor at the energy management of the lifetime balance.
5. The energy management method of a dual fuel battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by: the system is formed by connecting two fuel cells in parallel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310581949.4A CN116613348A (en) | 2023-05-23 | 2023-05-23 | Energy management method of dual-fuel battery module |
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| CN202310581949.4A CN116613348A (en) | 2023-05-23 | 2023-05-23 | Energy management method of dual-fuel battery module |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117096400A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Control method and system for vehicle-mounted dual-fuel battery |
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- 2023-05-23 CN CN202310581949.4A patent/CN116613348A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117096400A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Control method and system for vehicle-mounted dual-fuel battery |
| CN117096400B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-02-23 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Control method and system for vehicle-mounted dual-fuel battery |
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