CN116612242A - Urban road three-dimensional modeling method based on point cloud data - Google Patents
Urban road three-dimensional modeling method based on point cloud data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional modeling method of an urban road based on point cloud data, which is used for designing and completing the construction of a three-dimensional model of the urban road and components. Firstly, acquiring a road and parts on two sides of the road by using a vehicle-mounted laser scanner, and realizing full coverage of all main roads in a test point area to finish vehicle-mounted point cloud data acquisition; then, acquiring three-dimensional vector data of a road and each component by using an EPS mapping platform, and taking the acquired three-dimensional vector data as a data base of urban three-dimensional modeling; and finally, constructing a component template library and an urban pavement model by using 3DSMax software, and carrying out association fusion on the three-dimensional model and the vector information to form an informationized monomer model. The method of the invention not only can ensure the integrity and the authenticity of the scene, but also reduces the operation time and the cost, realizes the seamless combination among various models, has higher precision of the finished models, can express the road and the component information in all aspects, has great significance for the three-dimensional city fine management, and can be used as a certain technical support for the geographic information system of China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional reconstruction, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional modeling method of an urban road based on point cloud data.
Background
With the deep development of projects such as "live-action three-dimensional China", "smart city construction", two-dimensional data cannot meet the application requirements of various departments of society, but only macroscopic and simplified statistics and analysis are carried out, and environmental detail information and data are difficult to inquire, count and analyze. The full-element real-scene model is a high-definition and high-precision structured and materialized result, has geographic elements in the same space and associated full-space, full-element and real-scene three-dimensional models, can effectively characterize the geometric, topological and semantic characteristics of ground objects, realizes the conversion from two-dimensional data to three-dimensional space, and provides an effective means for city management and planning. Urban road modeling is one of important contents for constructing urban three-dimensional scenes, and the traditional modeling mode is to use a topographic map and topographic measurement data file as a data source and combine road details and texture information acquired by field personnel to perform modeling, but the data can only express discrete point and line characteristics and cannot completely and accurately reflect the actual condition of a road.
The vehicle-mounted laser scanning technology is an emerging mapping product, and can acquire three-dimensional space and texture information of surfaces such as buildings, roads and vegetation along with the movement of a vehicle body, so that the vehicle-mounted laser scanning technology has the irreplaceable advantages of high precision, abundant information, high efficiency, rapidness and the like, and has become an important means for holographic mapping of roads. In the method, vehicle-mounted point cloud data is used as a data source for urban road live-action modeling, EPS three-dimensional mapping software is used for collecting three-dimensional vector data, and 3DS Max modeling software is used for constructing scenes of the extracted three-dimensional vector data; then, carrying out component modeling by taking the local point cloud data as a reference, and carrying out component 1:1 reduction based on the real texture and the size of the field painting; and finally, merging the urban road and the urban part models at two sides of the road by using 3DS Max software to finish the road full-element three-dimensional real model.
In summary, aiming at the problems of low precision, long time consumption and the like of the traditional road modeling, the invention models the road and the components based on the point cloud data, obtains the three-dimensional model data with high precision, reality and beautiful appearance, and has great significance for the construction of smart cities in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low precision, long time consumption and the like of the traditional road modeling, the invention provides the three-dimensional modeling method of the urban road based on the point cloud data, which ensures the integrity and the authenticity of a three-dimensional scene, reduces the operation time and the cost, realizes the seamless combination among various models and solves the problems of low precision and incomplete information of the models.
To achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1: the method comprises the steps that an AS900HL multi-platform laser radar measurement system-based vehicle-mounted laser scanner is utilized to collect point cloud data, the point cloud data collected in the field are resolved and corrected to obtain point cloud data meeting model precision indexes, and the collected point cloud data are used AS a data source to conduct urban road three-dimensional modeling;
s2: based on the point cloud data obtained in the step S1, road three-dimensional vector data acquisition is carried out by using EPS three-dimensional mapping software, and road full-element three-dimensional vector data are obtained;
s3: classifying the three-dimensional vector data obtained in the step S2 according to roads and components, and constructing a component template library by utilizing 3DS Max software according to the point cloud data and the panoramic photo;
s4: constructing a road model by using the three-dimensional characteristic line based on the three-dimensional vector data;
s5: based on 3DS Max software, according to the position and direction of the components in the three-dimensional vector data, the components in the template library are put into a road three-dimensional scene, vector-model attribute association is carried out, quality inspection and modification are carried out on the model, and three-dimensional modeling of the urban road and the components is completed.
2. The three-dimensional modeling method of urban road based on point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 comprises the steps of:
(1) Before data acquisition, preparing works such as scanning route planning, parking area planning and the like are performed according to road topography in a test area. And reasonably distributing base station points and carrying out static observation according to the division result and the survey report of the task area. The control points for accuracy verification and correction can be arranged and observed before data acquisition, and can be arranged and acquired according to the point cloud data after the point cloud data is calculated preliminarily.
(2) After the preparation work is finished, route planning is carried out unit by unit according to the divided task units, and navigation acquisition is carried out according to the planned route when vehicle-mounted data are acquired. In actual collection, the route is adjusted according to the road conditions, weather and other factors of the field.
(3) Resolving and correcting point cloud data acquired by field industry; creating a new project in the Copre post-processing software, adding the original data into the project, solving by using the original point cloud data and the track data to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and registering the point cloud data with the panoramic photo to obtain color point cloud data.
3. The three-dimensional modeling method of urban road based on point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 comprises the steps of:
(1) The linear element extraction mainly comprises two major categories of road marks and road edges. When the road mark is extracted, firstly, selecting corresponding element codes according to the mark type, extracting the geometric center position of the road mark in the point cloud data, and adding nodes at the place with larger radian to ensure the accuracy of the plane position and the elevation position of the three-dimensional vector data;
(2) The road side line is extracted by collecting under a free view, a straight area is drawn into a straight line, nodes are added at the place with larger radian, sampling point intervals are shortened at the place with larger elevation change, and whether the elevation is correct or not is concerned by adjusting the visual angle according to point cloud data in the extraction process. After a section of road is extracted, the fitting degree of the linear elements with the point cloud on the plane position and the elevation position is checked in the state of top view and perspective view, and sampling points are moved or encrypted in places with deviation, so that the extracted linear elements are matched with the field to the greatest extent;
(3) The extracted dot elements comprise components such as rods, boxes, cards and the like. For example, when the shaft is collected, the panoramic image is referred, the plane position is taken as the center of the shaft, the ground elevation beside the Gao Chengqu shaft is represented by symbols such as corresponding street lamps, probes, traffic lights, electric poles and the like, the properties such as the serial number and the top absolute elevation of the shaft are filled in, and in the collecting process, the position elevation information of the finally collected point-shaped elements is ensured to be accurate by adjusting different visual angles. When other urban parts are extracted, corresponding element codes are needed to be used for extracting the geometric center of the joint of the road part and the ground;
(4) When the planar element is extracted, the three-dimensional characteristic line of the planar element is closed in plane and elevation, and is filled with the area.
4. The three-dimensional modeling method for the urban road based on the point cloud data is characterized in that common urban parts are divided into rods, boxes, cards, trees and the like, a part template library is constructed to comprise white film making and texture mapping, white film making is carried out by utilizing 3DS Max software in combination with the actual size of the field painting ground object, and the modeling method mainly adopts polygonal modeling, spline line modeling and composite object modeling to realize 1:1 reduction of the model and the real object; then selecting photos with bright colors, good angles, clearness and no shielding by combining the panoramic image, cutting the photos to manufacture texture mapping, selecting corresponding surfaces in 3DS Max software, and performing model texture mapping through uvw mapping.
5. The method for three-dimensional modeling of urban roads based on point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein the urban road surface model is constructed from the outermost edge of the pavement on one side of the road to the outermost edge of the pavement on the other side of the road, including the pavement on both sides. And constructing element models such as a main road surface, a sidewalk, a greening flower bed and the like by utilizing linear elements such as road edges, ground boundaries, outside range lines and the like extracted by the three-dimensional vector data.
6. The three-dimensional modeling method of the urban road based on the point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein models in a template library are implanted into a three-dimensional scene in an automatic and semi-automatic combination mode according to the types, the actual positions and the directions of the models of all the components, the element models of the urban components are called from the model library, and the models in the component template library are placed into the accurate positions in the three-dimensional scene in 3DS Max through moving, rotating and other operations according to the position and the orientation information of all the components in the three-dimensional vector data; the quality inspection of the road three-dimensional model comprises naming inspection, accuracy inspection, geometric data inspection, texture data inspection and attribute data inspection.
By the method, the urban road three-dimensional modeling method based on the point cloud data is provided for the problem of low three-dimensional modeling precision of the traditional road, the precision of the model is improved, the actual application is facilitated, and a certain technical support is provided for a geographic information system in China.
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The description of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily appreciated in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of an urban road modeling method based on point cloud data.
Fig. 2 is a graph of colored point cloud data.
Fig. 3 is an effect diagram of the city component model.
Fig. 4 is an effect diagram of the urban road surface model.
Detailed Description
According to the steps shown in fig. 1, the urban road modeling method based on the point cloud data is described in detail.
Step 1: and acquiring point cloud data by using a vehicle-mounted laser scanner based on the AS900HL multi-platform laser radar measurement system. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Before data acquisition, preparing works such as scanning route planning, parking area planning and the like are performed according to road topography in a test area. And reasonably distributing base station points and carrying out static observation according to the division result and the survey report of the task area. The control points for accuracy verification and correction can be arranged and observed before data acquisition, and can be arranged and acquired according to the point cloud data after the point cloud data is calculated preliminarily.
(2) After the preparation work is finished, route planning is carried out unit by unit according to the divided task units, and navigation acquisition is carried out according to the planned route when vehicle-mounted data are acquired. In actual collection, the route is adjusted according to the road conditions, weather and other factors of the field.
(3) Resolving and correcting point cloud data acquired by field industry; creating a new project in the Copre post-processing software, adding the original data into the project, solving by using the original point cloud data and the track data to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and registering the point cloud data with the panoramic photo to obtain color point cloud data.
Step 2: and (3) based on the point cloud data obtained in the step (S1), acquiring three-dimensional vector data of the road by using EPS three-dimensional mapping software to obtain the three-dimensional vector data of all elements of the road. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) The linear element extraction mainly comprises two major categories of road marks and road edges. When the road mark is extracted, firstly, selecting corresponding element codes according to the mark type, extracting the geometric center position of the road mark in the point cloud data, and adding nodes at the place with larger radian to ensure the accuracy of the plane position and the elevation position of the three-dimensional vector data;
(2) The road side line is extracted by collecting under a free view, a straight area is drawn into a straight line, nodes are added at the place with larger radian, sampling point intervals are shortened at the place with larger elevation change, and whether the elevation is correct or not is concerned by adjusting the visual angle according to point cloud data in the extraction process. After a section of road is extracted, the fitting degree of the linear elements with the point cloud on the plane position and the elevation position is checked in the state of top view and perspective view, and sampling points are moved or encrypted in places with deviation, so that the extracted linear elements are matched with the field to the greatest extent;
(3) The extracted dot elements comprise components such as rods, boxes, cards and the like. For example, when the shaft is collected, the panoramic image is referred, the plane position is taken as the center of the shaft, the ground elevation beside the Gao Chengqu shaft is represented by symbols such as corresponding street lamps, probes, traffic lights, electric poles and the like, the properties such as the serial number and the top absolute elevation of the shaft are filled in, and in the collecting process, the position elevation information of the finally collected point-shaped elements is ensured to be accurate by adjusting different visual angles. When other urban parts are extracted, corresponding element codes are needed to be used for extracting the geometric center of the joint of the road part and the ground;
(4) When the planar element is extracted, the three-dimensional characteristic line of the planar element is closed in plane and elevation, and is filled with the area.
Step 3: the 3DS Max software is utilized to construct a component template library according to the point cloud data and the panoramic photo. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) According to the structural characteristics analysis of elements of urban parts, the rods, boxes and cards of the urban parts are mainly modeled by polyhedral parts. The model is a structure with the largest coverage of urban parts, is formed by compounding a plurality of panels or is formed by a polyhedral structure, and the main part model comprises traffic lights, green lights, fire hydrants, various marks and the like, so that the data quantity of model points, lines and surfaces is reduced as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the model is consistent with a real object in order to avoid occupying the memory of a computer.
(2) The well lid belongs to one kind that kind, quantity are all more in urban parts, can divide into drainage well lid, rainwater well lid, electric power well lid, sewage well lid, gas well lid etc. according to the use, can divide into nodular cast iron well lid, cement well lid, resin composite well lid etc. according to the material. Because the urban well lid shape is circular or square, in order to save memory and simplify a component template library, the construction of the experimental well lid model of the chapter is distinguished according to the well lid functions, white films of two shapes of circular and square are respectively manufactured in 3DS Max according to the field painting size by using a standard basic body modeling tool, the two white films are used as standards for manufacturing the well lid model, and the rest of the well lid model is based on the two white films, so that materials of corresponding types are only required to be endowed to the white films according to field painting real photo and panoramic images.
(3) The tree modeling belongs to a model with a complex modeling mode in urban three-dimensional live-action modeling, and in order to reduce the point, line, surface and texture data of the model and reduce the loss memory, a binary surface technology is used for modeling a pavement tree, and the model is built in a patch tree mode. In 3DS Max software, two mutually intersected surfaces are created, a photo of a tree with a PNG black matrix format processed by PhotoShop is subjected to transparent mapping processing in 3DS Max, an alpha channel is added to an original picture, a texture mapping format is set to be tga, the tree is used as a main body to carry out mapping twice to realize the background transparency of the tree, and a built model can change the size of the tree or increase the number of patches of the tree through functions of scaling, rotation, copying and the like.
Step 4: and constructing a road model by using the three-dimensional characteristic lines based on the three-dimensional vector data. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) And loading linear elements such as a road edge line, a greening flower bed edge line, an outer side range line and the like extracted by the three-dimensional vector data into 3DS Max software, welding points on all spline lines after data are imported, and then manufacturing element models such as road surfaces, sidewalks, greening and the like by using a polygonal modeling method.
(2) Three-dimensional vector data of traffic marking lines, such as lane lines, guide arrows, crosswalk lines and the like, on a trunk are imported into 3DS Max software, and a model is manufactured by adopting a polygonal modeling method according to width information provided by the vector data. And (3) performing singulation on ground features such as bridges, guardrails, isolation belts, portal frames, safety islands and the like by polygonal modeling and spline modeling.
(3) According to the inclination model and the panoramic photo, referring to color information extracted during vectorization of linear elements such as lane lines, crosswalk lines and the like, selecting corresponding materials from a material library, and performing texture mapping. When mapping is carried out on the rule model, uvw mapping is selected, and mapping parameters are set according to the field object model. When the model is irregular or the mapping is complex, the uvw unfolding mode is used, and the operations such as rotation, translation, scaling and the like can be performed on the texture, so that the texture effect is more real and finer.
Step 5: and merging and checking the road three-dimensional model. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) The three-dimensional model baking is carried out, all points of the model are firstly selected, the spot welding threshold is set to be 0.01m, then an automatic smoothing tool is selected from a modifier drop-down list, when the model baking is carried out, a framing drawing is required to be taken as a baking unit, namely, one drawing is a MAX file, the number of faces of each baking unit is smaller than 6000, if the number of faces of the baking units is far more than 6000 under special conditions, the baking units are required to be split, and the split units still follow one baking unit to be a MAX file.
(2) And (3) carrying out post-processing on the model, splitting and merging the model, resetting and transforming the model by utilizing a three-dimensional data post-processing tool, optimizing materials, and cleaning material balls.
(3) The quality inspection of the road three-dimensional model comprises naming inspection; checking whether the naming of the model file, the model and the texture meets the technical standard requirements. Checking precision; and carrying out plane position and elevation position accuracy inspection on the model. Checking geometric data; checking model integrity, correctness, model overlap and misplane. Checking texture data; integrity, correctness, coordination, texture resolution, texture size, transparent texture checking of model texture maps. Checking attribute data; the attribute fields, field types, attribute integrity, and attribute table relationship are checked. Checking effects; model brightness and model bake checks after model bake and post-treatment are completed.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional modeling method of an urban road based on vehicle-mounted point cloud data, which is used for designing and completing the construction of a three-dimensional model of the urban road and parts. Firstly, acquiring a road and parts on two sides of the road by using a vehicle-mounted laser scanner, and realizing full coverage of all main roads in a test point area to finish vehicle-mounted point cloud data acquisition; then, acquiring three-dimensional vector data of a road and each component by using an EPS mapping platform, and taking the acquired three-dimensional vector data as a data base of urban three-dimensional modeling; and finally, constructing a component template library and an urban road surface model by using 3DS Max software, and carrying out association fusion on the three-dimensional model and the vector information to form an informationized monomer model. The method of the invention not only can ensure the integrity and the authenticity of the scene, but also reduces the operation time and the cost, realizes the seamless combination among various models, has higher precision of the finished models, can express the road and the component information in all aspects, has great significance for the three-dimensional city fine management, and can be used as a certain technical support for the geographic information system of China.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The three-dimensional modeling method for the urban road based on the point cloud data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the method comprises the steps that an AS900HL multi-platform laser radar measurement system-based vehicle-mounted laser scanner is utilized to collect point cloud data, the point cloud data collected in the field are resolved and corrected to obtain point cloud data meeting model precision indexes, and the collected point cloud data are used AS a data source to conduct urban road three-dimensional modeling;
s2: based on the point cloud data obtained in the step S1, road three-dimensional vector data acquisition is carried out by using EPS three-dimensional mapping software, and road full-element three-dimensional vector data are obtained;
s3: classifying the three-dimensional vector data obtained in the step S2 according to roads and components, and constructing a component template library by utilizing 3DS Max software according to the point cloud data and the panoramic photo;
s4: constructing a road model by using the three-dimensional characteristic line based on the three-dimensional vector data;
s5: based on 3DS Max software, according to the position and direction of the components in the three-dimensional vector data, the components in the template library are put into a road three-dimensional scene, vector-model attribute association is carried out, quality inspection and modification are carried out on the model, and three-dimensional modeling of the urban road and the components is completed.
2. The three-dimensional modeling method of urban road based on point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 comprises the steps of:
(1) Before data acquisition, preparing works such as scanning route planning, parking area planning and the like are performed according to road topography in a test area, base station points are reasonably arranged and static observation is performed according to a division result and a survey report of a task area, and arrangement and observation of control points for accuracy verification and correction can be performed before data acquisition, or after point cloud data is calculated preliminarily, arrangement and acquisition can be performed according to the point cloud data;
(2) After the preparation work is finished, carrying out route planning on a unit-by-unit basis according to divided task units, carrying out navigation acquisition according to the planned route during vehicle-mounted data acquisition, and carrying out route adjustment according to factors such as road conditions, weather and the like in the field during actual acquisition;
(3) And (3) resolving and correcting point cloud data acquired by field industry, creating a new project in Copre post-processing software, adding original data into the project, solving by using the original point cloud data and track data to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and registering the point cloud data with a panoramic photo to obtain color point cloud data.
3. The three-dimensional modeling method of urban road based on point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 comprises the steps of:
(1) When the road marking is extracted, corresponding element codes are selected according to the marking type, the geometric center position of the road marking is extracted from the point cloud data, and nodes are added at the place with larger radian so as to ensure the accuracy of the plane position and the elevation position of the three-dimensional vector data;
(2) The method comprises the steps that a road boundary is extracted, a straight area is required to be collected under a free view, nodes are added at a place with a large radian, sampling point intervals are shortened at a place with a large elevation change, a visual angle is required to be adjusted in the extraction process according to whether the elevation of point cloud data is correct, the fitting degree of linear elements with point clouds on a plane position and an elevation position is required to be checked under the states of a top view and a perspective view after a section of road is extracted, sampling points are moved or encrypted at a place with deviation, and the extracted linear elements are matched with the field to the greatest extent;
(3) The punctiform element extraction method comprises the steps of extracting punctiform element parts such as rods, boxes, cards and the like, for example, when a rod is acquired, a panoramic image is referred to, the center of the rod is taken from the plane position, the ground elevation beside the Gao Chengqu rod is represented by symbols such as corresponding street lamps, probes, traffic lights, electric poles and the like, the number and the top absolute elevation of the rod are filled in, in addition, in the acquisition process, different visual angles are adjusted to ensure that the position elevation information of the finally acquired punctiform element is accurate, the geometric center of the junction of the road part and the ground is extracted by using corresponding element codes when other urban parts are extracted;
(4) When the planar element is extracted, the three-dimensional characteristic line of the planar element is closed in plane and elevation, and is filled with the area.
4. The three-dimensional modeling method for the urban road based on the point cloud data is characterized in that common urban parts are divided into rods, boxes, cards, trees and the like, a part template library is constructed to comprise white film making and texture mapping, white film making is carried out by utilizing 3DS Max software in combination with the actual size of the field painting ground object, and the modeling method mainly adopts polygonal modeling, spline line modeling and composite object modeling to realize 1:1 reduction of the model and the real object; then selecting photos with bright colors, good angles, clearness and no shielding by combining the panoramic image, cutting the photos to manufacture texture mapping, selecting corresponding surfaces in 3DS Max software, and performing model texture mapping through uvw mapping.
5. The three-dimensional modeling method for the urban road based on the point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein the construction range of the urban road model is from the outermost edge of the pavement on one side of the road to the outermost edge of the pavement on the other side of the road, including the pavement on two sides, and element models such as main roads, pavements and greening flower beds are constructed by utilizing linear elements such as road side lines, ground boundaries and outer range lines extracted by three-dimensional vector data.
6. The three-dimensional modeling method of urban roads based on point cloud data according to claim 1, wherein models in a template library are implanted into a three-dimensional scene in an automatic and semi-automatic combination mode according to the types, actual positions and directions of the models of all parts, element models of urban parts are called from the model library, and the models in the part template library are placed into accurate positions in the three-dimensional scene in 3DS Max through moving, rotating and other operations according to the position and orientation information of all parts in the three-dimensional vector data; the quality inspection of the road three-dimensional model comprises naming inspection, accuracy inspection, geometric data inspection, texture data inspection and attribute data inspection.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117036617A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-10 | 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心(重庆市测绘产品质量检验测试中心) | Method, system and computer system for quickly constructing large-scene three-dimensional model |
| CN117194704A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-08 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for inquiring attribute of component-level live-action three-dimensional model |
| CN117333628A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-01-02 | 苏州苏高新数字科技有限公司 | Method suitable for rapid modeling of geographic data of GIS (geographic information system) in park |
| CN117724089A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-19 | 北京建筑大学 | Ground and underground integrated intelligent mobile detection system |
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2023
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117036617A (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2023-11-10 | 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心(重庆市测绘产品质量检验测试中心) | Method, system and computer system for quickly constructing large-scene three-dimensional model |
| CN117036617B (en) * | 2023-08-24 | 2024-04-05 | 重庆市地理信息和遥感应用中心(重庆市测绘产品质量检验测试中心) | Method, system and computer system for quickly constructing large-scene three-dimensional model |
| CN117333628A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2024-01-02 | 苏州苏高新数字科技有限公司 | Method suitable for rapid modeling of geographic data of GIS (geographic information system) in park |
| CN117194704A (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2023-12-08 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for inquiring attribute of component-level live-action three-dimensional model |
| CN117194704B (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2024-02-06 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for inquiring attribute of component-level live-action three-dimensional model |
| CN117724089A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-03-19 | 北京建筑大学 | Ground and underground integrated intelligent mobile detection system |
| CN117724089B (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-06-04 | 北京建筑大学 | Ground and underground integrated intelligent mobile detection system |
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