CN116611266A - Unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system simulation method - Google Patents
Unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system simulation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to an unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system simulation method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a first water film temperature; calculating the evaporation quality of each area; calculating the anti-icing heat load of the outer surface of each area; calculating the first water film thickness and the second water film temperature of each region; judging the magnitude relation between the temperatures of the second water films and 273.15K; when the temperature of the second water film is larger than the current water film temperature of the current area, the second water film temperature is used as the current water film temperature of the current area to update; and when the temperature is not greater than the preset threshold value, calculating the icing quality, judging the icing type, updating the current water film temperature and the current water film thickness according to the icing type, and carrying out a new round of cyclic calculation on each region by taking each current water film temperature as a corresponding first water film temperature until all the obtained current water film temperatures are converged and the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time. The method can simulate the unsteady anti-icing process under the condition that the anti-icing state of the surface in the working process of the electric heating anti-icing system can be automatically judged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aviation anti-icing, in particular to an unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system simulation method.
Background
Under icing meteorological conditions, icing phenomena can occur on the surface of the aircraft, and the icing phenomena can seriously harm the flight safety of the aircraft. Icing on the wing surface can lead to reduced lift and increased drag, and poor maneuvering performance of the aircraft. Therefore, the anti-icing system is required to be designed and installed at some key parts of the aircraft. An electrically heated anti-icing system is a common anti-icing means on aircraft wings. In order to be able to better design and evaluate an electrically heated anti-icing system, it is often necessary to simulate and analyze the electrically heated anti-icing system. In the working process of the anti-icing system, the situation is complex, dry surface anti-icing and wet surface anti-icing can occur, and icing can also occur under the condition of insufficient capacity of the anti-icing system. Currently, the existing simulation method of the electric heating anti-icing system has few algorithms capable of automatically judging the anti-icing state and simulating the icing ice shape possibly occurring.
The foregoing is provided merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the technical solutions of the present application and is not intended to represent an admission that the foregoing is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problem of providing a simulation method of an unsteady-state electric heating anti-icing system, which has the characteristic of simultaneously simulating the unsteady-state anti-icing process under the condition that the anti-icing state of the surface in the working process of the electric heating anti-icing system can be automatically judged.
In a first aspect, an embodiment provides a method for simulating an unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system, including:
acquiring a first water film temperature;
calculating evaporation mass of each region of the solid wall object based on the first water film temperature;
calculating the anti-icing heat load of the outer surface of each area;
calculating a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature of each region based on the evaporation mass and the external surface anti-icing thermal load;
judging the magnitude relation between the temperatures of the second water films and 273.15K;
under the condition that the second water film temperature is greater than 273.15K, the second water film temperature is used as the current water film temperature of the current area to be updated, and 0 is used as the current water film thickness of the current area to be updated;
calculating the icing quality under the condition that the temperature of the second water film is less than or equal to 273.15K;
judging the icing type based on the icing quality;
under the condition that the icing type is frost ice, updating the current water film thickness of the current area by taking 0 as the current water film thickness of the current area, and updating the external environment temperature as the current water film temperature of the current area;
under the condition that the icing type is open ice, the corresponding first water film thickness is used as the current water film thickness of the current area to be updated, and 273.15K is used as the current water film temperature of the current area to be updated;
judging whether each current water film temperature is converged, if not, carrying out a new round of cyclic calculation on each region by taking each current water film temperature as a corresponding first water film temperature to obtain a corresponding new second water film temperature and corresponding first water film thickness until all the obtained current water film temperatures are converged;
and judging whether the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time, if so, outputting the current water film temperature and the current water film thickness of each area, and if not, carrying out a new round of cyclic calculation on each area by taking each current water film temperature as a corresponding first water film temperature to obtain a new second water film temperature and a new first water film thickness which are respectively corresponding to each current water film temperature until all the obtained current water film temperatures are converged and the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time.
In one embodiment, the obtaining the first water film temperature includes:
when the first water film temperature is obtained for the first time, a set value is used as the first water film temperature.
In one embodiment, the determining whether each current water film temperature is converged includes:
and judging whether the difference value between the current water film temperature and the first water film temperature is within a set error threshold value range.
In one embodiment, the calculating the evaporation mass of each area of the solid wall object based on the first water film temperature includes:
evaporation mass for individual zonesComprising:
（1）
wherein ,，/>；/>for air density->Is air specific heat capacity->Is the gas constant of air, T s1 At the first water film temperature T 0 H is the convective heat transfer coefficient of each area of the solid wall surface for the external environment temperature; h is obtained by performing simulation calculation on an air flow field and a water drop field outside the solid wall object.
In one embodiment, the calculating the first water film thickness and the second water film temperature of each area based on the evaporation mass and the external surface anti-icing thermal load comprises:
continuous equation based on water film
（2）
And energy equation
（3）
Solving, and calculating to obtain a first water film thickness d and a second water film temperature T s2 ；
wherein ,representing the derivative, convection heat exchange heat +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Water film speed->，/>Is the viscosity coefficient of water, +.>Shear force for the airflow over the surface of each zone; />Is the density of water; />An anti-icing thermal load for each region of the outer surface; energy of impinging a droplet +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The water drops absorb the latent heat by evaporation>Le is the latent heat of evaporation of the water droplets; t is time; c (C) pw Is the specific heat capacity of water; u (U) 0 Is the air inflow speed;impact mass for each zone of water droplets; /> and />And (3) carrying out simulation calculation on the air flow field and the water drop field outside the solid wall object.
In one embodiment, the calculating icing quality comprises:
（4）；
wherein ,for icing quality, icing quantity->，/>Is the coefficient of latent heat of icing.
In one embodiment, the determining the icing type based on the icing quality includes:
judging icing qualityWhether or not is less than->If not, judging that the ice is frosted;
wherein ,calculating a time step of a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature of each area once based on the evaporation mass and the external surface anti-icing thermal load; n is the index of time step, which represents the nth time step, which is a natural number greater than or equal to 0, < >>Indicating the water remaining in the last time step.
In one embodiment, the determining the icing type based on the icing quality further includes:
judging icing qualityNot less than->In the case of (2) judging the icing quality +.>Whether or not to be smaller thanIf yes, judging that the ice is bright, and if not, judging that the ice is frosted;
wherein ,it is the last time step that the water flowing into the current area is purified.
In one embodiment, the determining whether the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time includes:
judgingIf so, judging that the physical duration of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady simulation time; wherein (1)>Is a preset unsteady state simulation time.
In a second aspect, an embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium having a program stored therein, the program being capable of being loaded by a processor and performing any one of the above-described non-stationary electrically heated anti-icing system simulation methods.
In one embodiment of the application, a water film temperature is set first, then the water film temperature is recalculated based on the set water film temperature, and the calculated water film temperature is fed back until the water film temperature obtained by calculation in all areas of the solid wall surface meets the convergence condition and the unsteady simulation time of cyclic calculation, so that the simulation can be carried out for the unsteady anti-icing process under the condition that the anti-icing state of the surface in the working process of the electric heating anti-icing system can be automatically judged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a simulation method of an unsteady state heating anti-icing system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of one embodiment of step S602 in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of an icing type determination method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings by means of specific embodiments. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered alike in association. In the following embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted, or replaced by other elements, materials, or methods in different situations. In some instances, related operations of the present application have not been shown or described in the specification in order to avoid obscuring the core portions of the present application, and may be unnecessary to persons skilled in the art from a detailed description of the related operations, which may be presented in the description and general knowledge of one skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, operations, or characteristics of the description may be combined in any suitable manner in various embodiments. Also, various steps or acts in the method descriptions may be interchanged or modified in a manner apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various orders in the description and drawings are for clarity of description of only certain embodiments, and are not meant to be required orders unless otherwise indicated.
The numbering of the components itself, e.g. "first", "second", etc., is used herein merely to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "coupled" as used herein includes both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated.
For convenience of explanation of the inventive concept of the present application, the following anti-icing technology in the aviation field will be briefly explained.
In the working process of the anti-icing system, the situation is complex, dry surface anti-icing and wet surface anti-icing can occur, and icing can also occur under the condition of insufficient capacity of the anti-icing system. Currently, the existing simulation method of the electric heating anti-icing system has few algorithms capable of automatically judging the anti-icing state and simulating the possible icing ice shape.
In view of this, in one embodiment of the present application, an unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system simulation method is provided, in the method, a water film temperature is set first, then the water film temperature is recalculated based on the set water film temperature, and the calculated water film temperature is fed back until the water film temperature calculated in all areas of the solid wall surface meets both the convergence condition and the unsteady state simulation time of the cyclic calculation, so that the simulation can be performed for the unsteady state anti-icing process at the same time under the condition that the anti-icing state of the surface in the working process of the electric heating anti-icing system can be automatically judged.
Referring to fig. 1, an unsteady state heating anti-icing system simulation method provided in an embodiment of the application includes:
step S10, acquiring a first water film temperature.
When the first water film temperature is obtained for the first time at the beginning of the method, a set temperature value is taken as the first water film temperature, and the set temperature can be between 273.15K and 283.15K, and 275.15K is taken as the first water film temperature at the beginning of the method in one embodiment of the application.
Step S20, calculating evaporation mass of each region of the solid wall object based on the first water film temperature.
In one embodiment of the application, for each region division, a solid wall object (e.g., an outer solid wall of an aircraft) is meshed, with each meshed cell being a region.
For evaporation quality, the calculation can be performed by adopting the prior art method, and a new calculation method is provided in one embodiment of the application, and we assume that the water drop breakdown area of the surface of the anti-icing component is the whole water film area, and the outside of the water drop impact area is the dry surface. The surface covered with the water film, assuming that the water film temperature is uniformly distributed in the thickness direction, as an embodiment of the present application, calculates evaporation mass of each region of the solid wall object based on the first water film temperature, includes:
evaporation mass for individual zonesComprising:
（1）。
wherein ,，/>；/>for air density->Is air specific heat capacity->Is the gas constant of air, T s1 At the first water film temperature T 0 H is the convective heat transfer coefficient of each area of the solid wall surface for the external environment temperature; h is obtained by performing simulation calculation on an air flow field and a water drop field outside the solid wall object.
And step S30, calculating the anti-icing heat load of the outer surface of each area.
For the calculation of the external surface anti-icing thermal load of each zone, reference may be made to the patent application publication CN202211545866.1 as an example of the present application. And conducting heat conduction calculation on the solid wall surface area, wherein the boundary condition of the outer wall surface of the solid wall surface is a constant temperature boundary condition for the solid domain covered water film area, the boundary condition of the solid domain uncovered water film area is a third type of boundary condition (convective heat transfer boundary condition), and the boundary condition of the inner surface of the solid wall surface is a constant heat flow boundary condition (anti-icing heat load), so that the external surface heat load is calculated according to the internal surface heat load under the condition that the anti-icing heat load of the inner surface is known.
It is understood that the step sequence of step S20 and step S30 may be interchanged, and are all within the scope of the present application.
Step S40, calculating a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature of each region based on the evaporation mass and the external surface anti-icing thermal load.
As an embodiment of the present application, calculating a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature of each region based on the respective evaporation mass and the outer surface anti-icing heat load of each region calculated in step S20 and step S30, includes:
continuous equation based on water film
（2）
And energy equation
（3）
Solving, and calculating to obtain a first water film thickness d and a second water film temperature T s2 。
wherein ,representing the derivative, convection heat exchange heat +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Water film speed->，/>Is the viscosity coefficient of water, +.>Shear force for the airflow over the surface of each zone; />Is the density of water; />An anti-icing thermal load for each region of the outer surface; energy of impinging a droplet +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The water drops absorb the latent heat by evaporation>Le is the latent heat of evaporation of the water droplets; t is time; c (C) pw Is the specific heat capacity of water; u (U) 0 Is the air inflow speed;impact mass for each zone of water droplets; /> and />And (3) carrying out simulation calculation on the air flow field and the water drop field outside the solid wall object.
And S50, judging the magnitude relation between the temperatures of the second water films and 273.15K.
And (3) comparing the second water film temperatures of the areas obtained in the formula (2) and the formula (3) with 273.15K respectively, and judging the magnitude relation between the second water film temperatures and 273.15K.
If the second water film temperature is greater than 273.15K, the process proceeds to step S601, and if the second water film temperature is less than or equal to 273.15K, the process proceeds to step S602.
Step S601, regarding the second water film temperature as the current temperatureThe current water film temperature of the front region is updated, i.eAnd updating the current water film thickness of the current area by taking 0 as the current water film thickness of the current area. In the case where the second water film temperature is greater than 273.15K, the water film thickness is 0.
Step S602, calculating the icing quality, and updating the water film temperature and the water film thickness of the current area based on the icing type, please refer to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the method includes:
step S6021, calculating the icing quality, comprising:
（4）；
wherein ,for icing quality, icing quantity->，/>Is the coefficient of latent heat of icing.
Step S6022, judging the icing type based on the icing quality. In the case where the ice formation type is frost ice, the flow proceeds to step S6023, and in the case where the ice formation type is open ice, the flow proceeds to step S6024.
For the determination of the icing type, a prior art method may be adopted for the determination, and a new determination method is provided in an embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 3, where the determination method of the icing type includes:
step S60221, judging icing qualityWhether or not is less than->If not, the process advances to step S60222, and if yes, the process advances to step S60223.
And step S60222, judging that the ice is frost.
Step S60223, judging icing qualityWhether or not is less than->If yes, the process advances to step S60224, and if no, the process advances to step S60222.
Step S60224, determining that ice is made.
wherein ,calculating a time step of a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature of each area once based on the evaporation mass and the external surface anti-icing thermal load; n is the index of time step, which represents the nth time step, which is a natural number greater than or equal to 0, < >>Indicating the water remaining in the last time step, < >>It is the last time step that the water flowing into the current area is purified.
For the followingThe calculation can be performed by adopting the existing calculation method, and in one embodiment of the application, a new calculation method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
（5）
wherein i is the i-th region adjacent to the current region,for the water film speed of the ith zone of the last time step, is->For the last timeThe current water film thickness of the i-th area obtained by calculation in the step +.>Is the side length of the ith region that is co-lateral with the current region.
In step S6023, the current water film thickness of the current area is updated with 0, and the current water film temperature of the current area is updated with the external environment temperature.
Step S6024, the corresponding first water film thickness is used as the current water film thickness of the current area to update, and 273.15K is used as the current water film temperature of the current area to update.
And step S70, judging whether each current water film temperature is converged, if not, carrying out new round of cyclic calculation on each region by taking each current water film temperature as a corresponding first water film temperature to obtain a corresponding new second water film temperature and corresponding first water film thickness respectively until all obtained current water film temperatures are converged.
In one embodiment, determining whether each current water film temperature is converging comprises: and judging whether the difference value between the current water film temperature and the first water film temperature is within a set error threshold value range. If not, the process proceeds to step S10, where each current water film temperature is calculated as a first water film temperature, and then proceeds to a new round of loop calculation in step S40, and if yes, proceeds to step S80.
And S80, judging whether the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time, if so, outputting the current water film temperature and the current water film thickness of each region, and if not, carrying out a new round of cyclic calculation on each region by taking each current water film temperature as a corresponding first water film temperature to obtain a corresponding new second water film temperature and a corresponding first water film thickness respectively until all the obtained current water film temperatures are converged and the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time.
In one embodiment of the present application, determining whether the physical time length calculated in the loop in step S40 reaches the unsteady state simulation time includes: judgingIf so, judging that the physical duration of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady simulation time; wherein (1)>Is a preset unsteady state simulation time. If the physical time length of the loop calculation in the step S40 reaches the unsteady state simulation time, the process proceeds to the step S90, and if not, the process proceeds to the step S10, wherein each current water film temperature is calculated as a first water film temperature, and the process proceeds to a new loop calculation in the step S40.
Step S90, outputting the current water film temperature and the current water film thickness of each region.
Based on the above, in the simulation method for the unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system provided by the embodiment of the application, a water film temperature is set first, then the water film temperature is recalculated based on the set water film temperature, and the calculated water film temperature is fed back until the water film temperature obtained by calculation in all areas of the solid wall surface meets the convergence condition and the unsteady state simulation time of cyclic calculation, so that the simulation can be performed for the unsteady state anti-icing process under the condition that the anti-icing state of the surface in the working process of the electric heating anti-icing system can be automatically judged.
In one embodiment of the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided, on which a program is stored, the stored program including a method for simulating an unsteady state electrically heated anti-icing system that can be loaded and processed by a processor in any of the embodiments described above.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a computer program. When all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by means of a computer program, the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to realize the above-mentioned functions. For example, the program is stored in the memory of the device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions described above can be realized. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by means of a computer program, the program may be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk, or a removable hard disk, and the program in the above embodiments may be implemented by downloading or copying the program into a memory of a local device or updating a version of a system of the local device, and when the program in the memory is executed by a processor.
The foregoing description of the application has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be limiting. Several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by a person skilled in the art to which the application pertains, based on the idea of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of simulating an unsteady state electrically heated anti-icing system, comprising:
acquiring a first water film temperature;
calculating evaporation mass of each region of the solid wall object based on the first water film temperature;
calculating the anti-icing heat load of the outer surface of each area;
calculating a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature of each region based on the evaporation mass and the external surface anti-icing thermal load;
judging the magnitude relation between the temperature of each second water film and 273.15K;
under the condition that the second water film temperature is greater than 273.15K, the second water film temperature is used as the current water film temperature of the current area to be updated, and 0 is used as the current water film thickness of the current area to be updated;
calculating the icing quality under the condition that the temperature of the second water film is less than or equal to 273.15K;
judging the icing type based on the icing quality;
under the condition that the icing type is frost ice, updating the current water film thickness of the current area by taking 0 as the current water film thickness of the current area, and updating the current water film temperature of the current area by taking the external environment temperature as the current water film temperature of the current area;
under the condition that the icing type is open ice, the corresponding first water film thickness is used as the current water film thickness of the current area to be updated, and 273.15K is used as the current water film temperature of the current area to be updated;
judging whether each current water film temperature is converged, if not, carrying out a new round of cyclic calculation on each region by taking each current water film temperature as a corresponding first water film temperature to obtain a corresponding new second water film temperature and corresponding first water film thickness until all the obtained current water film temperatures are converged;
and judging whether the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time, if so, outputting the current water film temperature and the current water film thickness of each area, and if not, carrying out a new round of cyclic calculation on each area by taking each current water film temperature as a corresponding first water film temperature to obtain a new second water film temperature and a new first water film thickness which are respectively corresponding to each current water film temperature until all the obtained current water film temperatures are converged and the physical time length of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady state simulation time.
2. The method of modeling an unstable electric heating ice protection system according to claim 1, wherein said obtaining a first water film temperature comprises:
when the first water film temperature is obtained for the first time, a set value is used as the first water film temperature.
3. The simulation method of an unsteady state electric heating anti-icing system according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether each current water film temperature is converged comprises:
and judging whether the difference value between the current water film temperature and the first water film temperature is within a set error threshold value range.
4. The method of modeling an unstable electric heating ice protection system according to claim 1, wherein calculating the evaporation mass of each area of the solid wall object based on the first water film temperature comprises:
evaporation mass for individual zonesComprising:
（1）
wherein ,，/>；/>for air density->Is the specific heat capacity of air,is the gas constant of air, T s1 At the first water film temperature T 0 H is the convective heat transfer coefficient of each area of the solid wall surface for the external environment temperature; h is obtained by performing simulation calculation on an air flow field and a water drop field outside the solid wall object.
5. The method of modeling an unstable electric heating anti-icing system according to claim 4, wherein calculating a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature for each area based on said evaporation mass and said external surface anti-icing thermal load comprises:
continuous equation based on water film
（2）
And energy equation
（3）
Solving, and calculating to obtain a first water film thickness d and a second water film temperature T s2 ；
wherein ,representing the derivative, convection heat exchange heat +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Water film speed->，/>Is the viscosity coefficient of water, +.>Shear force for the airflow over the surface of each zone; />Is the density of water; />An anti-icing thermal load for each region of the outer surface; energy of impinging a droplet +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Latent heat of evaporation and absorption of water dropletsLe is the latent heat of evaporation of the water droplets; t is time; c (C) pw Is the specific heat capacity of water; u (U) 0 Is the air inflow speed; />Impact mass for each zone of water droplets; /> and />And (3) carrying out simulation calculation on the air flow field and the water drop field outside the solid wall object.
6. The method for modeling an unstable electric heating ice protection system according to claim 5, wherein said calculating the icing mass comprises:
（4）；
wherein ,for icing quality, icing quantity->，/>Is the coefficient of latent heat of icing.
7. The method for modeling an unstable electric heating ice protection system according to claim 6, wherein said determining the type of ice based on said quality of ice comprises:
judging icing qualityWhether or not is less than->If not, judging that the ice is frosted;
wherein ,calculating a time step of a first water film thickness and a second water film temperature of each area once based on the evaporation mass and the external surface anti-icing thermal load; n is an index of time steps, which indicates that the nth time step is a natural number greater than or equal to 0,indicating the water remaining in the last time step.
8. The method for modeling an unstable electric heating ice protection system according to claim 7, wherein said determining the type of ice based on said quality of ice further comprises:
judging icing qualityNot less than->In the case of (2) judging the icing quality +.>Whether or not to be smaller thanIf yes, judging that the ice is bright, and if not, judging that the ice is frosted;
wherein ,it is the last time step that the water flowing into the current area is purified.
9. The method for modeling an unstable electric heating ice protection system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein said determining whether the calculated physical time length of the cycle reaches the unstable modeling time comprises:
judgingIf so, judging that the physical duration of the cyclic calculation reaches the unsteady simulation time; wherein (1)>Is a preset unsteady state simulation time.
10. A computer readable storage medium, wherein a program is stored in the medium, the program being capable of being loaded by a processor and executing the unsteady state electrically heated anti-icing system simulation method according to one of claims 1 to 9.
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