CN116608211A - Lightweight multi-material rolling bearing - Google Patents
Lightweight multi-material rolling bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN116608211A CN116608211A CN202310381796.9A CN202310381796A CN116608211A CN 116608211 A CN116608211 A CN 116608211A CN 202310381796 A CN202310381796 A CN 202310381796A CN 116608211 A CN116608211 A CN 116608211A
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- aluminum alloy
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 6
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLNDAGDHSLMOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin 120 Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C GLNDAGDHSLMOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum alloy Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;borate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;diborate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] NFMWFGXCDDYTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
- F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lightweight multi-material rolling bearing, which comprises an inner ring (11), an outer ring (12) and rolling bodies (13), and is characterized in that: at least one of the inner ring (11) and the outer ring (12) is made of a lightweight Aluminum Matrix Composite (AMC), and the rolling elements (13) are made of steel or ceramic. The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing has excellent wear resistance and obvious weight reduction effect compared with a steel rolling bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Rolling Bearings (Rolling Bearings), in particular to a lightweight multi-material Rolling bearing.
Background
The rolling bearing is a basic part in a mechanical rotating structure, and has extremely wide application. The rolling bearing generally consists of four parts, namely an inner ring, an outer ring, rolling bodies and a rolling body retainer. Wherein the inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling elements located between the inner and outer rings are key components of the rolling bearing, which must meet wear-resistant requirements, and are therefore usually produced from steel with good wear resistance. The function of the rolling element retainer is to keep the rolling elements equidistantly separated from each other and evenly distributed between the inner ring and the outer ring. The rolling element cage is very small in friction force and pressure, has low requirement on wear resistance, and can be prepared from steel, copper or aluminum materials.
In many applications where rolling bearings are used in large numbers in aerospace, aeronautics, mobile devices, robots, etc., the weight reduction of rolling bearings can improve the performance of these devices.
In order to reduce the weight of a rolling bearing, it is generally attempted to produce three major components of an inner ring, an outer ring, and rolling elements of the rolling bearing using a lightweight material instead of steel. However, there has been no report so far on a lightweight material capable of completely replacing steel to prepare a rolling bearing.
One prior art method is to prepare a component of a rolling bearing from a lightweight material and then form a so-called wear layer on the component to enhance wear resistance. For example, U.S. patent application 2002/0191878 describes titanium alloy-ceramic rolling bearings using several titanium alloys for the inner and outer rings and different ceramics for the rolling bodies; the specific gravity of the titanium alloy is about 4.6g/cm 3 The specific gravity of the various ceramics is 3.9-5.8g/cm 3 And a specific gravity of about 7.8g/cm 3 Such titanium alloy-ceramic rolling bearings are reduced in weight by about 40% compared to bearing steel GCr 15; however, the wear resistance of the titanium alloy is inferior to that of bearing steel, and TN, tiC, tiCN, tiAlN, crN, siC or even a diamond-like carbon film layer is added on the surface of the inner ring and the outer ring of the titanium alloy, which are contacted with the rolling bodies, so that the production cost is greatly increased, and the durability of the hard film layer is also very high. For example, U.S. patent US7,798,724B2 discloses a method of making a rolling bearing using a light metal and a ceramic, specifically, a titanium alloy, an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy inner ring and an outer ring are embedded with ceramic raceways, and the rolling bodies are ceramic, so that the wear resistance of the inner ring and the outer ring is improved, but in this way, the production cost is high, and the embedded ceramic raceways are easily cracked under load. In addition, it is also useful to prepare materials with low specific gravity such as plastics and nylonLightweight rolling bearings, however, have a low load-bearing capacity and are very thermolabile.
Up to now, there is no effective lightweight rolling bearing technology, and thus there is a need to develop a lightweight rolling bearing having good wear resistance.
Reference materials:
U.S. patent and patent application: US2002/0191878, US7,798,724B2
Disclosure of Invention
Research shows that the rolling bearing is light in weight, and the wear resistance is a technical difficulty. Rolling bearings are usually made of steel materials with good wear resistance, such as high carbon steel and chrome steel, and GCr15 steel is commonly used, and is also called bearing steel; the wear resistance of light metals such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and magnesium alloy and the wear resistance of mutual friction between the light metals and steel are poor, and the requirements of the rolling bearing cannot be met.
It has been found that aluminum-based composites (AMC for short) containing a reinforcing phase of a wear-resistant material such as ceramic particles, ceramic whiskers, ceramic short fibers, etc., generally have good wear resistance. The present inventors have conducted a series of studies on the frictional properties of aluminum-based composite materials, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, ceramics and steel materials with each other, and have unexpectedly found that AMC materials exhibit excellent wear resistance with steel materials or ceramic materials under various frictional conditions, even superior to those between steel materials, and thus are very suitable for the production of multi-material lightweight rolling bearings.
The following are the results of the friction Test of group 4 according to the standards ASTM G77 Standard Test Method for Ranking Resistance of Materials to Sliding Wear Using Block-on-Ring Wear Test and ASTM G99 Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with aPin-on-Disk Apparatus, respectively, listed in tables 1 to 4.
Tables 1 to 4 show 4 steels of different hardness: AISI 4340 steel with hardness of 28-33HRC, AISI 4620 steel with hardness of 59-60HRC, GB 40CrNiMoA steel with hardness of 41-42HRC and GB GCr15 steel with hardness of 58-61 HRC.
The respective amounts of wear on friction material a and material B are not listed in each table, but the total amount of wear on the two friction materials is listed. Since, as long as the total wear loss is high, both materials are not suitable for use simultaneously in rolling bearing components which are in pressure friction with each other.
The aluminum-based composites in each table are shown in accordance with the American national standards ANSI H35.5, nomenclature System for Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite Materials. Wherein the Al-based composite material 2009/Al2O3/25p-T4 is 25% by volume Al 2 O 3 Ceramic particles (Particle) reinforced 2009 aluminum alloy is subjected to T4 heat treatment; the 6092/SiC/15w-T6 aluminum-based composite material is 15% by volume of SiC ceramic Whisker (Whisker) reinforced 6092 aluminum alloy; 6092/Al2O3/15c-T6 is 15% by volume Al 2 O 3 Ceramic staple Fiber reinforced 6092 aluminum alloy.
TABLE 1 Friction test data at 33N pressure (ASTM G77)
Table 2.434 data from friction test under N pressure (ASTM G77)
TABLE 3 friction test data with GCr15 steel under 300N pressure (ASTM G99)
Table 4.300N data from friction test with 40Cr steel (ASTM G99)
From the data in table 1, it can be found that: under the condition of low friction pressure, the abrasion resistance of mutual friction between the aluminum alloy and between the titanium alloy and the titanium alloy is poor; but the friction between AMC and aluminum alloy is poorer in wear resistance; the abrasion resistance of the mutual friction between AMC is basically equivalent to that of the mutual friction between AMC and titanium alloy; and the abrasion resistance of friction between AMC and 4340 steel (hardness 28-33 HRC) and between AMC and alumina ceramics is better than that of friction between steel and steel. In Table 2, the abrasion resistance between AMC was greatly reduced at higher friction pressures, but the abrasion resistance for friction between various AMC and 4620 steel (hardness 59-60 HRC) was better than that for steel-to-steel friction. The results in tables 3 and 4 further demonstrate that: even at higher friction pressures, the wear resistance for friction between AMC and steel is better than for high hardness (58-61 HRC) GCr15 steel (which is one of bearing steels) and slightly lower hardness (41-42 HRC) high toughness 40CrNiMoA steel.
Under the friction conditions listed in Table 1, in the friction test of AMC with 27-33HRC steel and with ceramics, the total abrasion loss of two opposite friction materials is less than or equal to 25mg, thus meeting the requirements of the invention; in the friction test of AMC and steel with the hardness of 58-61HRC under the friction conditions listed in Table 2, the total abrasion loss of two friction materials is less than or equal to 15mg, so that the requirements of the invention are met; in the friction test of AMC and steel with the hardness of 57-62HRC under the friction conditions listed in Table 3, the total abrasion loss of two friction materials is less than or equal to 1mg, so that the requirements of the invention are met; in the friction test of AMC and steel with hardness of 40-43HRC under the friction conditions listed in Table 4, the total abrasion loss of two friction materials is less than or equal to 2mg, and the requirements of the invention are met.
The yield strength of the test steels in tables 1 to 4 was not less than 340MPa. Table 5 lists the material specifications for the various AMC's in tables 1-4. The AMC has a specific gravity of 2.6-3.2g/cm 3 Within a range of (2). Different loads have different minimum yield strength requirements for the bearing material. The strength of the aluminum-based composite material is higher than that of the aluminum alloy matrix, and the yield strength of AMC in table 5 is in the range of 350MPa-670MPa, so that the requirements of the invention can be met.
TABLE 5 technical parameters of aluminium-based composite materials
Based on the above-described results, the present invention has been proposed.
More specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a lightweight multi-material rolling bearing (10), specifically, at least an inner ring (11) or an outer ring (12) is prepared using AMC, and a rolling element (13) is made using steel or ceramic; the rolling element cage (14) may be made of steel, copper, aluminum, AMC, or other materials. The multi-material rolling bearing (10) is excellent in wear resistance and can be made lightweight, for example, AMC has a specific gravity of about 35% of that of steel. Taking a deep groove ball bearing as an example, the volume of the inner ring and the outer ring accounts for about 70% of that of the rolling bearing, if the inner ring and the outer ring are made of AMC and the rolling balls are made of steel, the weight of the multi-material deep groove ball bearing is reduced by about 45% compared with that of the steel bearing; the specific gravity of the ceramic rolling body is 2.5-5.6g/cm 3 For example, the ball is made of ceramic, and the weight of the multi-material deep groove ball bearing is reduced by about 55 percent compared with that of a steel bearing.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the rolling elements are made of steel or a ceramic material, for example, the ceramic material may be aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Boron carbide (B) 4 C) Silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si) 3 N 4 ) Titanium diboride (TiB) 2 ) Titanium carbide (TiC), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) Etc.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the AMC consists of an aluminum alloy substrate and a strengthening phase.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing phase material is selected from ceramic particles, ceramic whiskers, ceramic short fibers, or a mixture thereof.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the reinforcement phase comprises 10-35% by volume, such as 10-30% by volume, such as 10-25% by volume of AMC.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum alloy substrate is selected from the group consisting of a 2-series aluminum alloy, a 3-series aluminum alloy, a 4-series aluminum alloy, a 5-series aluminum alloy, a 6-series aluminum alloy, a 7-series aluminum alloy, and an 8-series aluminum alloy in American aluminum Association standard AA.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a deep groove ball bearing of a lightweight multi-material rolling bearing in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 2 is an exploded view of the rolling bearing 10 of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the drawings and the following embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the description of the embodiments is provided only to illustrate the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a deep groove ball bearing 10 of a lightweight multi-material rolling bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is an exploded view of the rolling bearing 10 of fig. 1.
The lightweight multi-material deep groove ball bearing 10 is one application example of a lightweight multi-material rolling bearing. The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing 10 includes an inner ring 11 and an outer ring 12, with rolling elements 13 being mounted between the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12 through a rolling element holder 14 so that the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12 can rotate relatively; at least one of the inner ring 11 and the outer ring 12 is made of light AMC, and the other ring may be made of, for example, steel, titanium alloy or ceramic by selecting an appropriate material, although the other ring may be made of AMC; the rolling elements 13 are made of steel or ceramic, and the rolling element cage 14 may be made of steel, copper, aluminum, AMC, or other materials. As described above, since the inner race 11 and/or the outer race 12 are prepared using the AMC material of light weight, light weight can be achieved; in addition, the present invention has unexpectedly found that AMC materials are excellent in wear resistance between AMC rings and rolling elements 13 made of steel or ceramic, not only in low specific gravity, thereby being capable of satisfying the requirement of wear resistance of rolling bearings while being light-weighted.
According to the embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 1, the aluminum-based composite AMC of the lightweight multi-material rolling bearing 10 may be manufactured by adding a reinforcing phase to an aluminum alloy base material. Wherein the aluminum alloy substrate can be selected from different aluminum alloy formulations according to design requirement, such as 2 series aluminum alloy, 3 series aluminum alloy, 4 series aluminum alloy, 5 series aluminum alloy, 6 series aluminum alloy, 7 series aluminum alloy or 8 series aluminum alloy, etc., preferably 2 series aluminum alloy, 6 series aluminum alloy, etc. of American society (The Aluminum Association, AA) standardOr 7 series aluminum alloy. The strengthening phase can be different ceramic powder materials, such as aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Boron carbide (B) 4 C) Silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si) 3 N 4 ) Titanium diboride (TiB) 2 ) Titanium carbide (TiC), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) The ceramic fine powder may be a mixture of one or more different ceramic powders. The average particle size of the ceramic powder may be between 0.3 and 50 microns, for example 0.5 to 30 microns. The reinforcement phase in AMC may also be ceramic whiskers, such as silicon carbide whiskers (SiC Whisker), titanium boride whiskers (TiB) 2 Whisker), aluminum borate Whisker (Al 18 B 4 O 33 Whisker), potassium titanate Whisker (K) 2 Ti 6 O 13 Whisker), magnesium borate Whisker (Mg 2 B 2 O 5 Whisker) and the like, and may also be ceramic staple fibers, such as alumina staple fibers (Al 2 O 3 Chopped Fiber), silicon carbide staple fibers (SiC Chopped Fiber), alumina+silica staple fibers (Al 2 O 3 + SiO Chopped Fiber), and the like; the whiskers and staple fibers may have an average diameter of between 0.5 and 25 microns and an aspect ratio in the range of 5 to 30. The reinforcement phase may also be Carbon nanotubes (Carbon Nano Tube) and Graphene (Graphene). The volume content of the reinforcement phase in AMC may be between 10 and 45%, for example between 10 and 30%, for example between 15 and 25%. The above AMC can be produced by a powder metallurgy method (including a powder hot press molding method, a powder isostatic pressing method, a powder injection molding method, a plasma powder injection molding method, and the like), a stirring fusion casting method, an in-situ autogenous method, or the like, and can be preferably produced by a powder metallurgy method. In powder metallurgy, the aluminum alloy substrate may have a powder average particle size of 1 to 60 microns, such as 2 to 50 microns, such as 5 to 40 microns. Researches show that the strength, the elastic modulus, the wear resistance and other performances of the AMC containing the strengthening phase with the volume ratio of more than or equal to 10 percent are higher than those of aluminum alloy.
AMC according to embodiments of the present invention can be expressed as:
(1)AA-Alloy/Ceramic-Particle/10～35p
(2)AA-Alloy/Ceramic-Whisker/10～35w
(3)AA-Alloy/Ceramic-Chopped-Fiber/10～35c
according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in fig. 1, the hardness of the steel material of the lightweight multi-material rolling bearing 10 may be in the range of 25-70HRC, for example 40-65HRC.
According to the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 1, the ceramic material, such as the rolling elements 13, of the multi-material rolling bearing 10 is lightweight ， Can be selected from aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Boron carbide (B) 4 C) Silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si) 3 N 4 ) Titanium diboride (TiB) 2 ) Titanium carbide (TiC) and zirconium oxide (ZrO) 2 ) The ceramics are selected from ceramics with specific gravity of 2.4-5.8g/cm 3 Is not limited in terms of the range of (a). Table 6 lists the specific gravities of these ceramic materials, respectively.
TABLE 6 specific gravity of ceramic materials
The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing provided by the invention not only can effectively lighten the weight of the existing steel rolling bearing, but also can show better wear resistance than the existing steel rolling bearing.
In addition to the deep groove ball bearing (Deep Groove Ball Bearings) structure of fig. 1, lightweight multi-material rolling bearings have at least 10 other configurations, such as, but not limited to: angular ball Bearings (Angular Contact Bearings), cylindrical roller Bearings (Cylindrical Roller Bearings), needle roller shafts (Needle Bearings), tapered roller Bearings (Tapered Roller Bearings), spherical roller Bearings (Spherical Roller Bearing), thrust ball Bearings (Thrust Ball Bearings), self-aligning Bearings (Self-aligning Ball Bearings), single row Bearings (Single Row Bearings), double row Bearings (Double Row Bearings), multi-row Bearings (Multi-row Bearings), and the like, and the lightweight Multi-material rolling bearing of the present invention is suitably applied to these rolling Bearings.
Specific embodiments are given above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The basic idea of the invention is that the above basic scheme, according to the teaching of the present invention, is that the design of various modified models and parameters does not require the inventive effort of a person skilled in the art. Variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations are also possible in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A lightweight multi-material rolling bearing (10) comprising an inner ring (11), an outer ring (12) and rolling elements (13), characterized in that: at least one of the inner ring (11) and the outer ring (12) is made of a lightweight Aluminum Matrix Composite (AMC), and the rolling elements (13) are made of steel or ceramic.
2. The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing (10) of claim 1 wherein the aluminum-based composite material is comprised of an aluminum alloy substrate and a strengthening phase.
3. The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing (10) of claim 2 wherein the reinforcing phase material is selected from ceramic powders, ceramic whiskers, ceramic short fibers, or mixtures thereof.
4. The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing (10) of claim 2 wherein the reinforcing phase volume is 10-30% of the aluminum matrix composite.
5. The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing (10) of claim 2 wherein the aluminum alloy substrate is selected from the group consisting of 2-series aluminum alloy, 3-series aluminum alloy, 4-series aluminum alloy, 5-series aluminum alloy, 6-series aluminum alloy, 7-series aluminum alloy, and 8-series aluminum alloy in american society standard AA.
6. The lightweight multi-material rolling bearing (10) of claim 1, further comprising a rolling element cage (14).
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