CN116604906A - Zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film - Google Patents

Zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116604906A
CN116604906A CN202310539435.2A CN202310539435A CN116604906A CN 116604906 A CN116604906 A CN 116604906A CN 202310539435 A CN202310539435 A CN 202310539435A CN 116604906 A CN116604906 A CN 116604906A
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heat pump
zero
film
energy
infrared transparent
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Inventor
夏志林
宋睿辰
曹博语
钟业涛
陈昶昊
李斌
胡佳奇
胡恒仁
彭云起
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
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    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
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    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
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Abstract

The invention discloses an infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption, which is formed by a high sunlight reflecting layer and a heat insulating layer; the heat insulation layer is used for preventing non-radiative heat exchange between the object to be cooled and the environment; the high sunlight reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer both have high infrared transmittance in the wave band of 8-13 mu m, and are used for transmitting the heat of the object to be cooled. The invention utilizes the radiation capability of the object, like a pump, to transfer the heat of the object to the outer space, and simultaneously utilizes the heat insulation performance of the heat insulation layer to reduce the non-radiation heat exchange of the heat pump film and the environment to the object; the heat pump film has the advantages of being capable of cooling a covered, having a certain mechanical strength, being high in preparation efficiency, low in cost and the like, and meets the basic requirements of various application scenes; the invention has simple structure, no need of extra cooler, easy acquisition of raw materials, simple preparation process and stable cooling in high convection environment.

Description

Zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cooling films, in particular to an infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption.
Background
The current annual increase in carbon emissions has become a worldwide environmental problem. With the improvement of living standard and climate change of people, the demand for refrigeration is still increasing. Accordingly, researchers have begun to pay attention to developing climate friendly refrigeration technology to alleviate environmental problems. There is a window in the earth's atmosphere that has a very high transmission in the 8-13 μm band that corresponds exactly to the peak thermal radiation spectrum of the earth's object near ambient temperature (about 300K). With this transparent window, objects on earth can radiate heat to cold outer space (3K), thereby lowering their own temperature. Based on this principle, passive radiation cooling technology has been rapidly developed, and radiation cooling has become a hot spot of recent research because the whole cooling process is zero energy consumption without external energy input.
Most of the passive radiation cooling refrigerating materials applied in the daytime at present have high solar reflectivity and infrared emissivity, however, in practical application, the main purpose of passive radiation cooling should be to cool other objects rather than cool themselves, and the part of energy of the cooling materials for self cooling has value. Meanwhile, everything in nature is not subjected to heat radiation at any time, such as building materials, asphalt roofs, cement pavements and the like, and can be cooled locally at night. However, most materials absorb solar radiation in the daytime, the heat absorption of the materials cannot be counteracted by the cooling effect of the materials, and therefore cooling of the common materials in the daytime is difficult to realize. Besides cooling efficiency, the practicality of many radiation cooling refrigerating materials at present is relatively poor, and phenomena such as breakage, deposition can appear in long-term exposure to the open air, influence cooling performance, increase use cost. Increasing the mechanical strength of the radiation cooling material and improving the antifouling capacity of the material is also a problem that the industrialization development of the radiation cooling material needs to be emphasized at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, provides an infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption, and solves the technical problem that the cooling efficiency of a passive radiation cooling refrigeration material applied to the daytime in the prior art is poor.
The invention provides an infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption, which is formed by a high sunlight reflecting layer and a heat insulating layer; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the heat insulation layer is used for preventing non-radiative heat exchange between the object to be cooled and the environment;
the high sunlight reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer both have high infrared transmittance in the wave band of 8-13 mu m, and are used for transmitting the heat of the object to be cooled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the heat pump film formed by the high sunlight reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer is arranged above the cooled object, so that the radiation capability of the object is utilized, the heat of the object is transferred to the outer space like a pump, and meanwhile, the heat insulating property of the heat insulating layer is utilized to reduce the non-radiation heat exchange of the heat pump film and the environment to the object; the heat pump film has the advantages of being capable of cooling a covered, having a certain mechanical strength, being high in preparation efficiency, low in cost and the like, and meets the basic requirements of various application scenes; the invention has simple structure, no need of extra cooler, easy acquisition of raw materials, simple preparation process and stable cooling in high convection environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an embodiment of an infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is ZrO 2 、Al 2 O 3 Infrared transmittance spectra of MgO and ZnO nanopowders;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an outdoor test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparative cooling effect of the heat pump films obtained in examples 4 to 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparative cooling effect of the heat pump films obtained in examples 8 to 12 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the contact angle of the heat pump film obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides an infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption, which is formed by a high sunlight reflecting layer and a heat insulating layer; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the heat insulation layer is used for preventing non-radiative heat exchange between the object to be cooled and the environment;
the high sunlight reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer have high infrared transmittance in the wave band of 8-13 mu m, and are used for transmitting the heat of the cooled object.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention separates the high infrared emissivity and the high solar reflectivity of the cooling material, omits the infrared emission layer of the common radiation cooling material, and sets a high sunlight reflection layer and a heat insulation layer above the object. According to the invention, the radiation cooling capability of the object is utilized, the surface of the object is covered with a layer of film, so that the heat of the object can be transferred to the outer space like a water pump, and meanwhile, the heat insulation layer can effectively prevent non-radiation heat exchange between the cooled object and the environment, and the cooling effect is improved.
The traditional radiation cooler is usually attached to the surface of a cooled object to achieve cooling, and achieves self cooling through self radiation cooling, and then achieves cooling of the cooled object through conduction. At this time, if the radiator and the cooled object cannot be tightly connected, the conduction efficiency is affected, and the cooling performance is deteriorated. The heat pump film is characterized in that the object to be cooled can realize self cooling through self infrared radiation, and the gap between the heat pump film and the object is favorable for heat insulation and is more favorable for cooling. Compared with the traditional radiation cooler, the heat pump film can reduce the laying and installing requirements and is beneficial to application.
Solar radiation is mainly concentrated in the visible light portion (0.4-0.76 μm), and the wavelength is more than 99% of the wavelength between 0.15-4 μm. Within the industry, the band of sunlight is generally defined as 0.25 to 5um.
In this embodiment, the reflectance of the high solar light reflection layer is 90% to 100%, and the infrared light transmittance in the 8 to 13um band is 30% to 100%, preferably 50% to 100%; the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation layer is 0.015-0.045W/(m.times.K), and the infrared light transmittance in the wave band of 8-13 um is 80% -100%.
In the present embodiment, the thickness of the high solar reflective layer is 20 to 300 μm, including but not limited to 20 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, 100 μm, 125 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, etc., to which the present invention is not limited; the thickness of the insulating layer is 2 to 10mm, including but not limited to 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, etc., and the present invention is not limited thereto.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the high solar reflection layer is formed by applying a coating material formed by uniformly mixing metal oxide nano powder having high infrared transmittance and an adhesive to the surface of the organic film and curing the same. According to the Mie scattering principle,the powder can produce strong scattering to sunlight within the range of 100-1000 nm, so as to achieve higher solar reflection effect; meanwhile, the selected metal oxide nano powder, adhesive and organic film have high infrared transmission capacity, and do not obstruct radiation heat exchange of objects below. Further, the refractive index of the metal oxide nano powder is 1.5-2.5, preferably 1.8-2.5, and the infrared light transmittance in the wave band of 8-13 um is 30-100%, preferably 50-100%; the infrared light transmittance of the organic film in the wave band of 8-13 um is 80-100%. In particular, the metal oxide nano powder is ZrO 2 、MgO、Al 2 O 3 At least one of ZnO (fig. 2); the adhesive is an ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE) -petroleum ether adhesive; the organic film is a PP or PE film. The POE in the POE-petroleum ether adhesive and the PE or PP film serving as a substrate are infrared transparent in the atmospheric window band, and the mixture of the POE-petroleum ether adhesive and the metal oxide nano powder enables the high sunlight reflection layer to have hydrophobicity. More specifically, the POE-petroleum ether adhesive is obtained by uniformly mixing POE and petroleum ether; wherein, the dosage ratio of POE to petroleum ether is 1g: (10-50) ml, specifically 1g:25ml; uniformly mixing POE and petroleum ether under the condition of stirring, wherein the mixing temperature is 50-65 ℃ and the mixing time is 2-3 h; the dosage ratio of the metal oxide nano powder to the POE-petroleum ether adhesive is 1g: (1-3) ml, specifically 1g: (1.5-2.5) ml. Further, the coating thickness is 10 to 200 μm, including but not limited to 10 μm, 25 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, etc., preferably 75 μm; the thickness of the organic thin film is 10 to 100 μm, including but not limited to 10 μm, 25 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, 100 μm, etc., specifically 25 μm. Further, the coating mode is knife coating, the thickness of the knife coating is set to be 100-2000 um, the speed of the knife coating is set to be 30-150 mm/s, and the drying time is 0.5-1 h.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the heat insulating layer of the zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film is a PP bubble film, a PE bubble film or EPE (pearl wool), which have both low thermal conductivity and high infrared transmittance. For example, a PE bubble film is illustrated, which is produced by a conventional large-scale extrusion blow molding process. When the PE film wraps air, the heat conductivity coefficient of the bubble film is only 0.04W (m is K), and non-radiative heat exchange between an object and the environment can be well reduced. The molecular structure of PE is composed of C-H and C-C bonds, and no obvious absorption peak is generated in the wave band range of 8-13 um. Thus, air and PE ensure high transmittance of the bubble film in the atmospheric window without impeding radiative heat transfer of the object being cooled. Further, the total number of layers of the PP bubble film, the PE bubble film or the EPE (pearl wool) is 1-4, preferably 2; the thickness of each layer of bubble film is 1-3 mm, preferably 2mm, and the bubble films are bonded by an adhesive. Further, the adhesive is the POE-petroleum ether adhesive.
In this embodiment, the high solar light reflection layer and the heat insulation layer are directly in contact or bonded by an adhesive. Further, the adhesive is adopted for adhesion, and the adhesive is the POE-petroleum ether adhesive.
In the invention, when in use, the zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film is arranged above the object to be cooled and is used for cooling the object to be cooled.
In some more specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film includes the following steps:
uniformly mixing metal oxide nano powder with high infrared transmittance and an adhesive to obtain a coating, and coating the coating on the surface of an organic film to form a high sunlight reflecting layer after drying;
and bonding the high sunlight reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer through an adhesive to obtain the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film.
Example 1
An infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption, which structurally comprises: a high solar light reflection layer and a PE bubble film; wherein, the high sunlight reflection layer comprises the following raw materials: znO nano powder with the particle size of 100-1000 nm, POE-petroleum ether adhesive and PP film, wherein the ratio of POE to petroleum ether in the POE-petroleum ether adhesive is 1g:25ml, the mixing ratio of the ZnO nano powder and the POE-petroleum ether adhesive is 15g:25ml; the PP film is a commercial polypropylene film with the thickness of 25 um; the thickness of the high solar light reflection layer is about 100um (the thickness of ZnO layer is about 75 um), the thickness of the PE bubble film is 2mm, and the number of layers is 1.
The preparation method of the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film comprises the following steps of:
(1) POE and petroleum ether were mixed in an amount of 1g:25ml of the mixture is mixed in proportion and stirred for 2 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain POE-petroleum ether adhesive;
(2) Commercial ZnO nano powder and POE-petroleum ether adhesive are mixed according to 15g: mixing in a proportion of 25ml, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a heat pump film coating;
(3) Coating a coating on the PP film in a scraping way and drying to obtain a high sunlight reflecting layer; wherein, the parameters of the knife coater are set as follows: the doctor blade thickness is set to 750um, and the doctor blade speed is set to 50mm/s; drying at room temperature for 0.5h;
(4) And (3) bonding the high sunlight reflecting layer with the PE bubble film by using the POE-petroleum ether adhesive to obtain the infrared transparent heat pump film with zero energy consumption.
Example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that: the thickness of the high sunlight reflecting layer is about 125um (the thickness of ZnO layer is about 100 um), the number of PE bubble film layers is 2, and the thickness of each PE bubble film layer is 2mm.
The preparation method of the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film comprises the following steps of:
(1) POE and petroleum ether were mixed in an amount of 1g:25ml of the mixture is mixed in proportion and stirred for 2 hours at 50 ℃ to obtain POE-petroleum ether adhesive;
(2) Commercial ZnO nano powder and POE-petroleum ether adhesive are mixed according to 15g: mixing in a proportion of 25ml, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a heat pump film coating;
(3) Coating a coating on the PP film in a scraping way and drying to obtain a high sunlight reflecting layer; wherein, the parameters of the knife coater are set as follows, the knife coating thickness is set to 1000um, and the knife coating speed is set to 50mm/s; drying at room temperature for 0.5h;
(4) And (3) bonding the high sunlight reflecting layer with the multi-layer PE bubble film by using the POE-petroleum ether adhesive to obtain the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film.
Example 3
The only difference from example 1 is that: the metal oxide nano powder adopted by the high sunlight reflecting layer is MgO, and the proportion of the MgO nano powder to the POE-petroleum ether adhesive is 15g:30ml; the thickness of the high solar reflective layer is about 75um (wherein the thickness of the MgO layer is about 50 um); the number of the PE bubble film layers is 4, and the thickness of each PE bubble film layer is 2mm.
The preparation method of the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film comprises the following steps of:
(1) POE and petroleum ether were mixed in an amount of 1g:25ml of the mixture is mixed in proportion and stirred for 3 hours at 65 ℃ to obtain POE-petroleum ether adhesive;
(2) Commercial MgO nano powder and POE-petroleum ether adhesive are mixed according to 15g: mixing the materials in a proportion of 30ml, and stirring the materials for 2 hours to obtain the heat pump film coating;
(3) Coating a coating on the PP film in a scraping way and drying to obtain a high sunlight reflecting layer; wherein, the parameters of the knife coater are set as follows: the doctor blade thickness is set to 500um, and the doctor blade speed is set to 50mm/s; drying at room temperature for 0.5h.
(4) And (3) bonding the high sunlight reflecting layer with the multi-layer PE bubble film by using the POE-petroleum ether adhesive to obtain the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film.
Examples 4 to 7
The only difference from example 1 is that: in examples 4 to 7, the metal oxide nanopowder used for the high solar light reflection layer was ZrO 2 ，ZrO 2 The thickness of the nano coating is 25 mu m, 50 mu m, 75 mu m and 100 mu m respectively, the number of PE bubble films is 2, and the thickness of each PE bubble film is 2mm.
Examples 8 to 12
The difference from example 1 was that the number of PE bubble film layers was 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 in examples 8 to 12, and the thickness of each PE bubble film was 2mm.
Test group
In order to examine the refrigerating and antifouling properties of the heat pump film of the present invention, the following test was conducted:
1. radiation refrigeration performance test
The heat pump film and the object to be measured (PDMS) are placed on a foam table, the periphery of a test frame is wrapped by a PE film to create a windless sub-environment, the foam table and an ambient thermometer are both placed on the test frame, temperature measurement data are recorded by a thermocouple, the device is shown in figure 3, and test results are shown in figures 4 and 5.
Referring to fig. 4 to 5, fig. 4 is a graph showing the cooling effect of the heat pump films obtained in examples 4 to 7; FIG. 5 is a graph showing the cooling effect of the heat pump films obtained in examples 8 to 12. From figures 4-5, it can be seen that the film sample temperature is significantly lower than the ambient temperature from 12:30 noon to about 19:30 pm, and the average temperature is reduced by about 7.1 ℃, indicating that the film has good passive radiation cooling effect. Meanwhile, as can be seen from FIG. 4, zrO 2 The optimal thickness of the nanocoating is at 75 um. This may be due to the fact that when ZrO 2 Layer thickness less than 75um, zrO 2 The reflectivity of the film layer to sunlight is insufficient, and the reflectivity to solar wave bands is increased along with the increase of the thickness, so that the cooling effect is good; when the thickness exceeds 75um, the reflectance for the solar band is not substantially increased, and the transmittance for the infrared light band at 8 to 13um is decreased, resulting in deterioration of the cooling effect. As can be seen from fig. 5, the optimal number of layers of the PE bubble film is two. The reason for this is probably that the heat insulation performance becomes good when the number of layers of the bubble film is increased, but the infrared transmittance is reduced, so that the temperature reduction effect becomes poor due to the poor heat insulation effect when the number of layers of the bubble film is too low; when the number of layers exceeds two, the infrared transmittance of the material is reduced, and the cooling effect is also affected.
2. Antifouling and hydrophobic Performance test
As can be seen from the results shown in fig. 6, the water contact angle of the heat pump film obtained in example 1 is as high as 150.6 °, so that the blue ink does not leave marks on the surface of the heat pump film. This shows that the heat pump film has certain self-cleaning capability and meets the requirements of shielding application of building or outdoor equipment.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical idea of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film is characterized by being formed by a high sunlight reflecting layer and a heat insulation layer; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the heat insulation layer is used for preventing non-radiative heat exchange between the object to be cooled and the environment;
the high sunlight reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer both have high infrared transmittance in the wave band of 8-13 mu m, and are used for transmitting heat of the cooled object.
2. The zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 1, wherein the reflectivity of the high sunlight reflecting layer is 90% -100%, and the infrared light transmittance in the 8-13 um wave band is 30% -100%; the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation layer is 0.015-0.045W/(m.times.K), and the infrared light transmittance in the wave band of 8-13 um is 80% -100%.
3. The zero energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the high solar reflection layer is 20-300 μm, and the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 2-10 mm.
4. The zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 1, wherein the high solar light reflection layer is formed by coating a coating formed by uniformly mixing metal oxide nano powder with high infrared transmittance and an adhesive on the surface of the organic film and curing.
5. The zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 4, wherein the refractive index of the metal oxide nano powder is 1.5-2.5, and the infrared light transmittance in the 8-13 um wave band is 30% -100%; the infrared light transmittance of the organic film in the wave band of 8-13 um is 80% -100%.
6. The zero energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 4, wherein the metal oxide nano powder is ZrO 2 、MgO、Al 2 O 3 At least one of ZnOThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The adhesive is POE-petroleum ether adhesive; the organic film is a PP or PE film.
7. The zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 6, wherein the POE-petroleum ether adhesive is obtained by uniformly mixing POE and petroleum ether; wherein, the dosage ratio of POE to petroleum ether is 1g: (10-50 ml); uniformly mixing POE and petroleum ether under the condition of stirring, wherein the mixing temperature is 50-65 ℃ and the mixing time is 2-3 h; the dosage ratio of the metal oxide nano powder to the POE-petroleum ether adhesive is 1g: (1-3) ml.
8. The zero energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the coating formed by curing is 10-200 μm; the thickness of the organic film is 10-100 mu m.
9. The zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulation layer of the zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film is at least one of a PP bubble film, a PE bubble film or EPE pearl cotton.
10. The zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the zero-energy infrared transparent heat pump film comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing metal oxide nano powder with high infrared transmittance and an adhesive to obtain a coating, and coating the coating on the surface of an organic film to form a high sunlight reflecting layer after drying;
and bonding the high sunlight reflecting layer and the heat insulating layer through an adhesive to obtain the zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film.
CN202310539435.2A 2023-05-11 2023-05-11 Zero-energy-consumption infrared transparent heat pump film Pending CN116604906A (en)

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