CN116604471A - Method for grinding drum worm grinding wheel for grinding universal diamond roller finishing face gear - Google Patents

Method for grinding drum worm grinding wheel for grinding universal diamond roller finishing face gear Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116604471A
CN116604471A CN202310488870.7A CN202310488870A CN116604471A CN 116604471 A CN116604471 A CN 116604471A CN 202310488870 A CN202310488870 A CN 202310488870A CN 116604471 A CN116604471 A CN 116604471A
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Prior art keywords
axis
finishing
trimming
grinding wheel
involute
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CN202310488870.7A
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Inventor
李国龙
王梓宇
何坤
蒲峙杉
张博峰
宁行
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Priority to CN202310488870.7A priority Critical patent/CN116604471A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/07—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels by means of forming tools having a shape complementary to that to be produced, e.g. blocks, profile rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/075—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels for workpieces having a grooved profile, e.g. gears, splined shafts, threads, worms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a drum worm grinding wheel method for grinding a universal diamond roller finishing face gear, which belongs to the technical field of gear finishing processing, and realizes the finishing of the worm grinding wheel for grinding the face gear with any finishing amount by replacing an involute cutter with any finishing amount by a method that a linear cutting edge of the universal diamond roller approaches in a tangential manner. Controlling nominal residual mean error by a tangential deviation iterative method so as to calculate recommended trimming cutter number; determining the relation between different spiral lines and finishing starting points and the variable quantity of machine tool parameters according to a virtual tool setting principle; the rotation of the universal diamond roller along the A2 axis is replaced by the four-axis linkage equivalent of the machine tool through the principle of virtual center distance with rotation angles of the rotation shafts. By utilizing the method, a special grinding machine tool or a special trimming mechanism for the face gear is not required to be developed, any nonlinear equation set is not required to be solved, the problem of complex solution of initial values and singular points can be avoided, and a cutter with any trimming amount can be replaced, so that the method has flexibility and accuracy.

Description

Method for grinding drum worm grinding wheel for grinding universal diamond roller finishing face gear
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear shaping processing, and particularly relates to a drum worm grinding wheel method for grinding a universal diamond roller shaping face gear.
Technical Field
The face gear has irreplaceable status in the field of mechanical transmission, has the advantages of low requirement on axial positioning precision, large transmission ratio, large overlap ratio, stable working performance, reliable bearing capacity and the like, and is an important component of the main speed reducer of the next generation helicopter.
The worm grinding wheel mill is used as a high-efficiency and accurate face gear continuous generating grinding processing mode, and has great advantages in the field of face gear manufacturing. However, there are few studies on the present shaping manufacturing process of worm grinding wheels for face gear grinding. Guo Hui of patent 201610638626.4 and the like adopts a standard-face diamond roller to trim a worm grinding wheel, but the method is applied to the field of the shape trimming manufacturing of the worm grinding wheel, and a complex nonlinear equation set is required to be solved, so that the problem of complex initial values and the problem of singular points are solved. Ran Quanfu of patent 202110700071.2 employs a forming diamond roller as a worm wheel dressing tool, and double sided forming dressing as a dressing scheme. The method is high in efficiency and good in precision, but when the method is applied to the field of shape modification and manufacturing of worm grinding wheels, the worm grinding wheels with different shape modification parameters are required to be customized into forming diamond rollers with different shapes, so that the method has no universality and universality. Meanwhile, the conventional worm grinding wheel gear grinding machine does not have the capability of rotating a roller around an A axis, so that development of a shape modification processing method of a drum worm grinding wheel for face gear grinding has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and drawbacks of the prior art methods, the invention provides a method for grinding a drum-shaped worm grinding wheel for grinding a face gear with a diamond roller, and the method is used for replacing involute cutters with any shape correction amount by a method that a diamond roller straight cutting edge approaches in a tangential manner, so that the grinding of the worm grinding wheel for grinding the face gear with any shape correction amount is realized. Controlling nominal residual mean error by a tangential deviation iterative method so as to calculate recommended trimming cutter number; determining the relation between different spiral lines and finishing starting points and the variable quantity of machine tool parameters according to a virtual tool setting principle; the rotation of the diamond roller along the A2 axis is replaced by the four-axis linkage equivalent of the machine tool through the principle of virtual center distance with rotation angles of the rotation shafts. The complete scheme of the drum worm grinding wheel shaping processing for face gear grinding is provided, a special grinding machine tool or a special shaping mechanism for the face gear is not required to be developed, any nonlinear equation set is not required to be solved, complex problems of initial values and singular points can be avoided, and a cutter with any shaping quantity can be replaced, so that the method has flexibility and accuracy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
and recommending trimming cutter number calculation and trimming scheme planning: according to the mathematical expression of the involute containing the modification quantity parameter, any discrete point coordinate is calculated as a tangential point expression, and a tangential line equation of the modification involute at the tangential point is calculated.
The involute equation with the amount of modification is expressed as follows:
y＝rbs×[cos(θ s +θ os )+θ s ×sin(θ s +θ os )]
wherein rbs is the radius of the involute base circle, θ s For involute angle expansion, θ os And ax, bx and cx are the correction factors for the involute expansion angle of the tooth top.
The tangential slope expression of the shape modifying involute at the tangent point is calculated as follows:
with involute spread angle theta s As basic scale to equally divide the modified involute, calculating the average distance from the intersection point of all tangent lines to the modified involute according to the different dividing parts as the nominal residual error. The minimum number of knives with the nominal residual error less than the target nominal residual error is sought as the recommended number of trimming knives by means of mathematical iterations. Recording tangential point coordinates and corresponding tangential equation slopes, and determining the primary diamond roller finishing for single use by the tangential point coordinatesAnd determining the initial posture of the single trimming diamond roller by using the tangential slope at the initial position, wherein each trimming is essentially trimming along the spiral lines of different radiuses and spatial positions, and the complete spiral surface of the drum worm grinding wheel can be enveloped by repeated trimming and superposition.
And (3) determining a finishing starting point and a machine tool parameter variation: based on the virtual tool setting principle, the drum worm grinding wheel needs to be moved to a virtual tool setting point to serve as a starting point of a finishing process before finishing the drum worm grinding wheel and after finishing an actual tool setting process. The strokes of the Y1 and Z1 axes are recorded as Y respectively p 、Z p The specific expressions of the two in different trimming are as follows:
ε＝tan -1 (K Q )-γ
wherein R is w Radius of diamond roller, y Q Is the ordinate of the tangent point, y 0 Is the ordinate of the starting point of involute, x Q And the tangential point abscissa is epsilon, the virtual rotation angle of the diamond roller, and gamma, the cone side angle of the diamond roller.
At the same time, the offset distance e between the rotation center of the axis A1 of the machine tool fixed parameter and the center of the roller in the horizontal direction y Also considered as a change, its change amount Δe y And Y is equal to p Equal in size. Notably, when ε is negative, Y p And Z p The value of (2) should be calculated as the opposite number.
Planning a machine tool motion path and calculating a finishing spline discrete point: based on the principle of virtual center distance with rotation shaft angle, the rotation center of the machine tool A1 shaft is not coincident with the center of the virtual gear shaper cutter, and the diamond roll of the machine tool is consideredThe wheel cannot rotate around the A-axis direction, so four-axis linkage of A1, B1, Y1 and Z1 is needed to do equivalent movement. The specific linkage relation is as follows: the rotation angle of the axis B1 at a certain moment relative to the initial moment is B i The target A1-axis rotation angle can be determined by the gear ratio, but considering the virtual rotation angle epsilon of the roller wheel around the a-axis direction, the actual a-axis rotation angle should be:
ΔA i ＝A i -ε
A i ＝B i /Z s
wherein A is i For the target A1 axis rotation angle, Z s The drum worm grinding wheel corresponds to the number of virtual gear shaping cutters.
And simultaneously, in order to ensure that the position of the center of the grinding wheel is correct, rotating the whole relative position relation of the machine tool, the grinding wheel and the diamond roller around the center of the diamond roller by a virtual rotation angle epsilon, and then rotating the center of the grinding wheel around the rotation center of the virtual gear shaping cutter again by the rotation angle of the target A1 shaft to obtain the position of the target grinding wheel, wherein the position from the actual grinding wheel position to the target grinding wheel position is the compensation vector. According to the motion decomposition principle, the compensation vector is decomposed to Y1 and Z1 axes of the machine tool, and the decomposition amounts respectively correspond to the strokes Dy required to be compensated for the Y1 and Z1 axes i 、Dz i The specific relation is as follows:
+(E+l)×(1-cosε)+E×cos(A i -ε)+E×cosε
wherein E is the wheel base between the drum worm grinding wheel and the virtual gear shaper, l is the distance from the center of the virtual gear shaper to the center of the diamond roller, E y The offset distance between the rotation center of the A1 shaft and the center of the roller in the horizontal direction.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the complete scheme of the drum worm grinding wheel shaping processing for face gear grinding is provided, a special grinding machine tool or a special shaping mechanism for the face gear is not required to be developed, any nonlinear equation set is not required to be solved, complex problems of initial values and singular points can be avoided, and a cutter with any shaping quantity can be replaced, so that the method has flexibility and accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a common worm grinding wheel gear grinding machine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the tangent deviation iterative method;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the virtual tool setting principle;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a virtual center distance principle with rotation axis rotation angle.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The shaping processing method of the drum worm grinding wheel for grinding the face gear achieves the replacement of involute cutters with any shaping amount by a method that the straight cutting edges of the diamond roller approaches in a tangential mode, thereby realizing the shaping of the worm grinding wheel for grinding the face gear with any shaping amount.
The involute equation with the amount of modification is expressed as follows:
y＝rbs×[cos(θ s +θ os )+θ s ×sin(θ s +θ os )]
wherein rbs is the radius of the involute base circle, θ s For involute angle expansion, θ os And ax, bx and cx are the correction factors for the involute expansion angle of the tooth top.
The tangential slope expression of the shape modifying involute at the tangent point is calculated as follows:
controlling nominal residual mean error by adopting tangential deviation iteration method, calculating recommended trimming cutter number, and determiningDressing scheme. The principle of tangent deviation iteration is shown in fig. 1, wherein two points A, B are trimming contact points, and involute tangent lines are crossed at a point G by the contact points. The closest point H on the involute to the point G is taken as the corresponding point, and the projection of the distance on the normal vector at the position H is taken as the nominal residual error. With involute spread angle theta s As a basic scale aliquoting modification involute, calculating the average value of all the projections according to the different aliquoting parts as a nominal residual mean error. The minimum number of knives with the nominal residual error less than the target nominal residual error is sought as the recommended number of trimming knives by means of mathematical iterations. Recording tangential point coordinates and corresponding tangential equation slopes, determining an initial position of the single trimming diamond roller according to the tangential point coordinates, and determining an initial posture of the single trimming diamond roller according to the tangential slopes. The design parameters in the following table are described in detail as examples.
The modification parameters ax=0.25, bx=0.3, cx=0.1 in the modification involute are taken at the same time. Setting the target nominal residual mean error to be 0.01mm, and returning an s value to be 9 after iterative calculation, wherein the recommended trimming tool number is 10. At this time, the return nominal residual mean error is 0.0087, which is less than the target nominal residual mean error. Thereby recording the tangent point coordinates and their corresponding tangent equation slope.
Based on the virtual tool setting principle, the drum worm grinding wheel needs to be moved to a virtual tool setting position to serve as a starting point of a finishing process before finishing the drum worm grinding wheel and after finishing an actual tool setting process. The virtual tool setting principle is shown in FIG. 2, wherein O A 、O W For the actual tool setting position of the diamond roller and the worm grinding wheel, O B The point is the virtual tool setting point of the diamond roller, so the worm grinding wheel should be moved before trimmingVector. The strokes of the Y1 and Z1 axes are recorded as Y respectively p 、Z p The specific expressions of the two in different trimming are as follows:
ε＝tan -1 (K Q )-γ
wherein R is w Radius of diamond roller, y Q Is the ordinate of the tangent point, y 0 Is the ordinate of the starting point of involute, x Q And the tangential point abscissa is epsilon, the virtual rotation angle of the diamond roller, and gamma, the cone side angle of the diamond roller.
At the same time, the offset distance e between the rotation center of the axis A1 of the machine tool fixed parameter and the center of the roller in the horizontal direction y Also considered as a change, its change amount Δe y And Y is equal to p Equal in size. Notably, when ε is negative, Y p And Z p The value of (2) should be calculated as the opposite number.
The calculated finishing starting point and machine tool parameter variation data are as follows:
based on the principle of virtual center distance with rotation angle of rotation shaft, the rotation center of the machine tool A1 shaft is not coincident with the center of the virtual gear shaper cutter, and the fact that the machine tool diamond roller cannot rotate around the A shaft direction is considered, so that four-shaft linkage of A1, B1, Y1 and Z1 shafts is needed to do equivalent motion. The principle of virtual center distance with rotation axis angle is shown in figure 3. The rotation angle of the axis B1 at a certain moment relative to the initial moment is B i The target A1-axis rotation angle can be determined by the gear ratio, but considering the virtual rotation angle epsilon of the roller wheel around the a-axis direction, the actual a-axis rotation angle should be:
ΔA i ＝A i -ε
A i ＝B i /Z s
wherein A is i For the target A1 axis rotation angle, Z s The drum worm grinding wheel corresponds to the number of virtual gear shaping cutters.
And simultaneously, in order to ensure that the position of the center of the grinding wheel is correct, rotating the whole relative position relation of the machine tool, the grinding wheel and the diamond roller around the center of the diamond roller by a virtual rotation angle epsilon, and then rotating the center of the grinding wheel around the rotation center of the virtual gear shaping cutter again by the rotation angle of the target A1 shaft to obtain the position of the target grinding wheel, wherein the position from the actual grinding wheel position to the target grinding wheel position is the compensation vector. Decomposing the compensation vector to Y1 and Z1 axes of the machine tool, wherein the decomposition amounts respectively correspond to the compensation strokes Dy of the Y1 and Z1 axes i 、Dz i The specific relation is as follows:
+(E+l)×(1-cosε)+E×cos(A i -ε)+E×cosε
wherein E is the wheel base between the drum worm grinding wheel and the virtual gear shaper, l is the distance from the center of the virtual gear shaper to the center of the diamond roller, E y The offset distance between the rotation center of the A1 shaft and the center of the roller in the horizontal direction.
By combining the formulas and principles, four-axis linkage of A1, B1, Y1 and Z1 can be realized, and the finishing of the worm grinding wheel for grinding the face gear with any shape correction amount by the diamond roller is completed.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A drum worm grinding wheel method for grinding a universal diamond roller finishing face gear is characterized in that involute cutters with arbitrary finishing amounts are replaced by a method that a diamond roller straight line cutting edge approaches in a tangential mode, so that finishing of the finishing worm grinding wheel for grinding the face gear with the arbitrary finishing amounts is achieved, nominal residual mean errors are controlled by a tangential deviation iteration method, the recommended finishing cutter number is calculated, the relation between different spiral lines and finishing starting points and the variable quantity of machine tool parameters is determined by a virtual tool setting principle, and rotation of the universal diamond roller along an A2 axis is replaced by machine tool four-axis linkage equivalent by a virtual center distance principle with rotation angles of rotation shafts.
2. The recommended number of trimming cutters calculation and trimming scheme planning method according to claim 1, wherein according to the mathematical expression of the involute including the trimming amount parameter, any discrete point coordinates thereof are calculated as a tangent point expression, and a tangent equation of the trimming involute at the tangent point is calculated, and the involute equation with the trimming amount is expressed as follows:
y＝rbs×[cos(θ s +θ os )+θ s ×sin(θ s +θ os )]
wherein rbs is the radius of the involute base circle, θ s For involute angle expansion, θ os For the tooth top involute expansion angle, ax, bx and cx are the correction quantity coefficients, and the tangential slope expression of the correction involute at the tangent point is calculated as follows:
3. the recommended trimming blade counter of claim 1The calculation and trimming scheme planning method is characterized by that it uses involute spreading angle theta s As basic scale equally dividing the trimming involute, calculating the average distance from all tangent intersection points to the trimming involute according to the difference of the equal dividing parts as nominal residual error, searching the minimum number of knives with the nominal residual error smaller than the target nominal residual error as recommended trimming number of knives in a mathematical iteration mode, recording the coordinates of the tangent points and the slope of the corresponding tangent equation, determining the initial position of the single trimming universal diamond roller by the coordinates of the tangent points, determining the initial gesture of the single trimming universal diamond roller by the slope of the tangent line, and trimming and superposing for a plurality of times along spiral lines with different radius sizes and space positions to envelope the complete spiral surface of the drum worm grinding wheel.
4. The method for determining the finishing start point and the machine tool parameter variation according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that based on a virtual tool setting principle, before finishing the drum worm grinding wheel and after finishing the actual tool setting procedure, the drum worm grinding wheel is moved to the virtual tool setting point to serve as the finishing process start point, and the strokes of the Y1 axis and the Z1 axis are respectively recorded as Y p 、Z p The specific expressions of the two in different trimming are as follows:
ε＝tan -1 (K Q )-γ
wherein R is w Radius of universal diamond roller, y Q Is the ordinate of the tangent point, y 0 Is the ordinate of the starting point of involute, x Q For cuttingPoint abscissa, epsilon is the virtual corner of the universal diamond roller, gamma is the cone side angle of the universal diamond roller, and meanwhile, the offset e between the rotation center of the axis of the machine tool fixed parameter A1 and the roller center in the horizontal direction y Also considered as a change, its change amount Δe y And Y is equal to p Equal in size, it is noted that Y is when ε is negative p And Z p The value of (2) should be calculated as the opposite number.
5. The machine tool motion path planning and spline finishing discrete point calculation according to claim 1, wherein based on the principle of virtual center distance with rotation axis angle, because the rotation center of the machine tool A1 axis does not coincide with the center of the virtual gear shaper cutter, and considering that the general diamond roller of the machine tool cannot rotate around the a axis direction, four axis linkage of A1, B1, Y1 and Z1 is needed to do equivalent motion, the specific linkage relationship is: the rotation angle of the axis B1 at a certain moment relative to the initial moment is B i The target A1-axis rotation angle can be determined by the gear ratio, but considering the virtual rotation angle epsilon of the roller wheel around the a-axis direction, the actual a-axis rotation angle should be:
ΔA i ＝A i -ε
A i ＝B i /Z s
wherein A is i For the target A1 axis rotation angle, Z s The drum worm grinding wheel corresponds to the number of virtual gear shaping cutters.
6. The method for planning and trimming spline discrete point calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to ensure the correct center position of the grinding wheel, the relative position relationship of the whole body of the machine tool, the grinding wheel and the universal diamond roller is rotated around the center of the universal diamond roller by a virtual angle epsilon, the position reached after the center of the grinding wheel rotates around the rotation center of the virtual gear shaper cutter again by the rotation angle of the target A1 axis is taken as the target grinding wheel position, the actual grinding wheel position is taken as the compensation vector from the target grinding wheel position, the compensation vector is decomposed onto the Y1 axis and the Z1 axis of the machine tool according to the motion decomposition principle, and the decomposition amount corresponds to the stroke Dy required to be compensated by the Y1 axis and the Z1 axis respectively i 、Dz i The specific relation is as follows:
wherein E is the wheel base between the drum worm grinding wheel and the virtual gear shaper cutter, l is the distance from the center of the virtual gear shaper cutter to the center of the universal diamond roller, E y The offset distance between the rotation center of the A1 shaft and the center of the roller in the horizontal direction.
CN202310488870.7A 2023-05-04 2023-05-04 Method for grinding drum worm grinding wheel for grinding universal diamond roller finishing face gear Pending CN116604471A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310488870.7A CN116604471A (en) 2023-05-04 2023-05-04 Method for grinding drum worm grinding wheel for grinding universal diamond roller finishing face gear

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310488870.7A CN116604471A (en) 2023-05-04 2023-05-04 Method for grinding drum worm grinding wheel for grinding universal diamond roller finishing face gear

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN116604471A true CN116604471A (en) 2023-08-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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