CN116603913A - Machining device and machining method for thin-wall ring workpieces - Google Patents
Machining device and machining method for thin-wall ring workpieces Download PDFInfo
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- CN116603913A CN116603913A CN202310719273.0A CN202310719273A CN116603913A CN 116603913 A CN116603913 A CN 116603913A CN 202310719273 A CN202310719273 A CN 202310719273A CN 116603913 A CN116603913 A CN 116603913A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/14—Spinning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/16—Making other particular articles rings, e.g. barrel hoops
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a processing device and a processing method of a thin-wall ring workpiece, wherein a disk part processing part is arranged for processing a disk part by using a spinning process, a disk part is prepared by spinning raw materials, and a boss part is formed at the center of the disk part; the boss part processed by the disc part processing part is narrow at the upper part and wide at the lower part; the platform processing part is used for processing the boss part by using a spinning process, so that the upper and lower widths of the boss part are consistent and vertical to the disc part; the on-line detection part is used for detecting the surface qualification of the processing position, thereby realizing the detection of on-line processing. The supporting disc, the supporting table and the supporting cap are arranged, so that the thin-wall ring workpieces are machined in two steps, the machining effect is good, the speed is high, and the yield is high; the device is also provided with a speckle projector and an image collector, the state of the processing surface is detected through various parameters of speckle, and a threshold value is preset, so that the high-precision on-line detection of the processing surface is realized, the detection precision is high, the sensitivity is high, the processing consistency is good, and the device is suitable for long-time and large-batch processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of workpiece processing, in particular to a processing device and a processing method for a thin-wall ring workpiece.
Background
The thin-wall ring workpiece is usually of a thin-wall shell structure, the rigidity is poor, the cutting force is slightly large during finish machining, and the part is bent, deformed and even broken. During processing, the cutter is easy to vibrate and vibrate, and the processing precision and the surface quality are affected. Therefore, how to effectively control internal stress deformation, clamping deformation, cutting force deformation and cutting thermal deformation in the machining process is a key for ensuring the precision of the part.
The traditional machining mode adopts turning, so that the chip removal of a deep inner ring groove on a part is difficult, the hanging extension of a cutter is long, and a cutter vibration is easy to generate during machining. The inner cavity is deeper, meanwhile, the toughness of the material is good, the chip breaking performance of the generated strip chips is poor, the winding into a group is difficult to remove chips, and when the contour of the inner groove is finished, a normal cutter or a common grinding cutter cannot be processed by using a conventional method. The wall thickness of the part is thin, the clamping is not easy, and the technological process can only be designed by adopting the principles of centralizing working procedures as much as possible, reducing the number of working procedures, optimizing the geometric angle of the cutter and cutting parameters so as to reduce the deformation of the part.
The spinning process is more material-saving and suitable for processing thin-wall workpieces with good toughness, but in the prior art, the processing tools for the thin-wall workpieces are fewer, and the precision of the processed workpieces is not as high as the cutting precision due to the fact that the processing process is difficult to control during processing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a processing device for a thin-wall ring workpiece, which comprises a processing control machine, a disk part processing part, a table part processing part and an online detection part;
the thin-wall ring workpiece comprises a disc part and a boss part, wherein the boss part is connected with the disc part and is vertical to the disc part, and the boss part is positioned at the center of the disc part; the disc part and the boss part are annular with hollowed centers, and the thickness of the disc part and the boss part is 1-3 mm;
the disc part processing part is used for processing the disc part by using a spinning process, preparing the disc part from raw materials by spinning, and forming a boss part at the center of the disc part; the boss part processed by the disc part processing part is narrow at the upper part and wide at the lower part;
the platform processing part is used for processing the boss part by using a spinning process, so that the upper and lower widths of the boss part are consistent and vertical to the disc part;
the on-line detection part is used for detecting the surface qualification of the processing position, thereby realizing the detection of on-line processing.
Further, in one embodiment:
the disc part processing part comprises a supporting disc, a supporting table, a first shovel rotating wheel and a second shovel rotating wheel; the supporting plate is hollow and is provided with a through hole in the center, and the supporting table penetrates out of the through hole of the supporting plate; the shape formed by combining the support disc and the support table is matched with the contour of the inner surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side above the supporting disc and are used for carrying out spinning forming on the thin-wall ring workpieces; the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel are different in angle, and the first shovel rotating wheel and the horizontal surface are in an angle of 20-40 degrees and are used for spinning the boss downwards and extruding materials of the boss downwards; the second shovel rotary wheel forms an angle of 50-80 degrees with the horizontal surface and is used for carrying out spinning forming on the disc part and extruding the material of the disc part outwards.
Further, in one embodiment:
the supporting disc is detachably connected with the supporting table, and the supporting table can be pulled out from the through hole in the supporting table, so that the supporting is not provided for the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece.
Further, in one embodiment:
the table part processing part comprises a supporting cap and a third shovel rotating wheel, and the supporting cap is arranged above the supporting disc and is on the same side with the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel; the supporting cap is cap-shaped and is opened at the lower part; the diameter of the lower opening of the supporting cap is the same as the outer diameter of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece, and the inner shape of the lower opening of the supporting cap is matched with the outer surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
the third shovel rotating wheel is arranged below the supporting disc and is separated from the supporting cap to the different sides of the supporting disc; the third shovel spinning wheel is used for carrying out spinning forming on the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece, so that the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece is perpendicular to the disc part of the thin-wall ring workpiece.
Further, in one embodiment:
the included angle between the third shovel rotating wheel and the horizontal plane is 40-60 degrees.
Further, in one embodiment:
the on-line detection part comprises a speckle projector and an image collector, wherein the speckle projector projects speckle images to the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and the image collector collects the speckle images of the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to the processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; when the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range, the position spin forming process is qualified; when the surface qualification coefficient is no longer in the threshold value range, the spinning forming process at the position is unqualified; and controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range.
A processing method of thin-wall ring workpieces, which utilizes the processing device, comprises the following steps:
step A, blanking a workpiece raw material, wherein the workpiece raw material is a thick-wall pipe; carrying out deburring and chamfering on the workpiece raw materials after blanking;
b, enabling a supporting table of the disc part processing part to penetrate through a central through hole of the supporting disc and be combined with the supporting disc, so that the shape formed by combining the supporting disc and the supporting table is matched with the contour of the inner surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
placing a workpiece raw material on a supporting disc, and sleeving the supporting disc outside a supporting table, wherein the inner diameter of the workpiece raw material is the same as the maximum outer diameter of the supporting table;
step C, spinning and forming the workpiece raw material by utilizing a first shovel spinning wheel, attaching the inner wall of the workpiece raw material to the outer surface of the supporting table, and extruding the material of the workpiece raw material downwards to enable the material to be accumulated at the joint of the supporting table and the supporting disc;
further spin forming the stacked materials by using a second shovel spin wheel, and extruding the stacked materials to the outside, so that the materials extend outwards along the surface of the supporting disc to form a disc part of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
in the spinning process, a speckle projector projects speckle images on the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and an image collector collects the speckle images on the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to a processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range;
d, after spinning of the outer surfaces of the disc part and the table part of the thin-wall ring workpiece is completed, drawing the supporting table out of the central through hole of the supporting disc, simultaneously enabling the supporting cap to be pressed down, enabling the supporting cap to be combined with the supporting disc, and clamping the thin-wall ring workpiece;
carrying out spinning forming on the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece by utilizing a third shovel spinning wheel;
in the spinning process, a speckle projector projects speckle images on the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and an image collector collects the speckle images on the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to a processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range; thereby completing the whole processing flow.
Further, in one embodiment:
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image, and the obtained surface qualification coefficients are specifically as follows:
the processing controller collects speckle images, firstly filters the images, deletes the content which does not belong to the speckle images in the images, and only retains the speckle images;
then the processing controller carries out contrast analysis on the speckle image to obtain contrast C of the speckle image;
then dividing the speckle image into 16 sub-images of 4×4, and obtaining contrast C of each sub-image 1 To C 16 And solving the variance D of the contrast of all the sub-images;
then dividing each sub-image into 4 multiplied by 4 or 3 multiplied by 3 grandchild images, calculating the average brightness of each grandchild image, obtaining the position of the grandchild image with the maximum average brightness, and determining the distance S between the position of the grandchild image with the maximum average brightness and the center of the whole speckle image;
the surface qualification coefficient is as follows: m=k·c·d·s/S 0 ；
Where k is a coefficient, S 0 Representing the width of the entire speckle image.
Further, in one embodiment:
the image filtering mode is that the processing controller performs color screening on the image, a fixed color threshold range is set, and only the colors in the color threshold range are reserved, namely, the image filtering can be performed on the image.
Further, in one embodiment:
the on-line detection part is provided with a mechanical arm to drive the speckle projector and the image collector to move, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the support disc are respectively detected.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a disc part processing part for processing a disc part by using a spinning process, preparing the disc part from raw materials by spinning, and forming a boss part at the center of the disc part; the boss part processed by the disc part processing part is narrow at the upper part and wide at the lower part; the platform processing part is used for processing the boss part by using a spinning process, so that the upper and lower widths of the boss part are consistent and vertical to the disc part; the on-line detection part is used for detecting the surface qualification of the processing position, thereby realizing the detection of on-line processing.
Meanwhile, the support disc, the support table and the support cap are arranged, so that the thin-wall ring workpieces are machined in two steps, the machining effect is good, the speed is high, and the yield is high;
the invention also provides a speckle projector and an image collector, and detects the state of the processing surface through various parameters of speckle, and presets the threshold value, thereby realizing high-precision on-line detection of the processing surface, and the invention has high detection precision, high sensitivity, good processing consistency and suitability for long-time and large-batch processing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the machined upper surface of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the inner surface of the machined boss portion of the present invention.
Wherein: 1 supporting disk, 2 supporting tables, 3 first shovel rotating wheels, 4 second shovel rotating wheels, 5 disc parts, 6 boss parts, 7 supporting caps and 8 third shovel rotating wheels.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-3, the invention provides a processing device for thin-wall ring workpieces, which comprises a processing control machine, a disk part processing part, a table part processing part and an online detection part;
the thin-wall ring workpiece comprises a disc part and a boss part, wherein the boss part is connected with the disc part and is vertical to the disc part, and the boss part is positioned at the center of the disc part; the disc part and the boss part are annular with hollowed centers, and the thickness of the disc part and the boss part is 1-3 mm;
the disc part processing part is used for processing the disc part by using a spinning process, preparing the disc part from raw materials by spinning, and forming a boss part at the center of the disc part; the boss part processed by the disc part processing part is narrow at the upper part and wide at the lower part;
the platform processing part is used for processing the boss part by using a spinning process, so that the upper and lower widths of the boss part are consistent and vertical to the disc part;
the on-line detection part is used for detecting the surface qualification of the processing position, thereby realizing the detection of on-line processing.
Further, in one embodiment:
the disc part processing part comprises a supporting disc, a supporting table, a first shovel rotating wheel and a second shovel rotating wheel; the supporting plate is hollow and is provided with a through hole in the center, and the supporting table penetrates out of the through hole of the supporting plate; the shape formed by combining the support disc and the support table is matched with the contour of the inner surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side above the supporting disc and are used for carrying out spinning forming on the thin-wall ring workpieces; the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel are different in angle, and the first shovel rotating wheel and the horizontal surface are in an angle of 20-40 degrees and are used for spinning the boss downwards and extruding materials of the boss downwards; the second shovel rotary wheel forms an angle of 50-80 degrees with the horizontal surface and is used for carrying out spinning forming on the disc part and extruding the material of the disc part outwards.
Further, in one embodiment:
the supporting disc is detachably connected with the supporting table, and the supporting table can be pulled out from the through hole in the supporting table, so that the supporting is not provided for the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece.
Further, in one embodiment:
the table part processing part comprises a supporting cap and a third shovel rotating wheel, and the supporting cap is arranged above the supporting disc and is on the same side with the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel; the supporting cap is cap-shaped and is opened at the lower part; the diameter of the lower opening of the supporting cap is the same as the outer diameter of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece, and the inner shape of the lower opening of the supporting cap is matched with the outer surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
the third shovel rotating wheel is arranged below the supporting disc and is separated from the supporting cap to the different sides of the supporting disc; the third shovel spinning wheel is used for carrying out spinning forming on the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece, so that the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece is perpendicular to the disc part of the thin-wall ring workpiece.
Further, in one embodiment:
the included angle between the third shovel rotating wheel and the horizontal plane is 40-60 degrees.
Further, in one embodiment:
the on-line detection part comprises a speckle projector and an image collector, wherein the speckle projector projects speckle images to the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and the image collector collects the speckle images of the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to the processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; when the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range, the position spin forming process is qualified; when the surface qualification coefficient is no longer in the threshold value range, the spinning forming process at the position is unqualified; and controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range.
Example 2:
a processing method of thin-wall ring workpieces, which utilizes the processing device, comprises the following steps:
step A, blanking a workpiece raw material, wherein the workpiece raw material is a thick-wall pipe; carrying out deburring and chamfering on the workpiece raw materials after blanking;
b, enabling a supporting table of the disc part processing part to penetrate through a central through hole of the supporting disc and be combined with the supporting disc, so that the shape formed by combining the supporting disc and the supporting table is matched with the contour of the inner surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
placing a workpiece raw material on a supporting disc, and sleeving the supporting disc outside a supporting table, wherein the inner diameter of the workpiece raw material is the same as the maximum outer diameter of the supporting table;
step C, spinning and forming the workpiece raw material by utilizing a first shovel spinning wheel, attaching the inner wall of the workpiece raw material to the outer surface of the supporting table, and extruding the material of the workpiece raw material downwards to enable the material to be accumulated at the joint of the supporting table and the supporting disc;
further spin forming the stacked materials by using a second shovel spin wheel, and extruding the stacked materials to the outside, so that the materials extend outwards along the surface of the supporting disc to form a disc part of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
in the spinning process, a speckle projector projects speckle images on the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and an image collector collects the speckle images on the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to a processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range;
d, after spinning of the outer surfaces of the disc part and the table part of the thin-wall ring workpiece is completed, drawing the supporting table out of the central through hole of the supporting disc, simultaneously enabling the supporting cap to be pressed down, enabling the supporting cap to be combined with the supporting disc, and clamping the thin-wall ring workpiece;
carrying out spinning forming on the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece by utilizing a third shovel spinning wheel;
in the spinning process, a speckle projector projects speckle images on the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and an image collector collects the speckle images on the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to a processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range; thereby completing the whole processing flow.
Further, in one embodiment:
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image, and the obtained surface qualification coefficients are specifically as follows:
the processing controller collects speckle images, firstly filters the images, deletes the content which does not belong to the speckle images in the images, and only retains the speckle images;
then the processing controller carries out contrast analysis on the speckle image to obtain contrast C of the speckle image;
then dividing the speckle image into 16 sub-images of 4×4, and obtaining contrast C of each sub-image 1 To C 16 And solving the variance D of the contrast of all the sub-images;
then dividing each sub-image into 4 multiplied by 4 or 3 multiplied by 3 grandchild images, calculating the average brightness of each grandchild image, obtaining the position of the grandchild image with the maximum average brightness, and determining the distance S between the position of the grandchild image with the maximum average brightness and the center of the whole speckle image;
the surface qualification coefficient is as follows: m=k·c·d·s/S 0 ；
Where k is a coefficient, S 0 Representing the width of the entire speckle image.
Further, in one embodiment:
the image filtering mode is that the processing controller performs color screening on the image, a fixed color threshold range is set, and only the colors in the color threshold range are reserved, namely, the image filtering can be performed on the image.
Further, in one embodiment:
the on-line detection part is provided with a mechanical arm to drive the speckle projector and the image collector to move, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the support disc are respectively detected.
The description of the foregoing embodiments has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to the particular embodiment, but, where applicable, may be interchanged and used with the selected embodiment even if not specifically shown or described. The same elements or features may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, such as examples of specific parts, devices, and methods, in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the exemplary embodiments may be embodied in many different forms without the use of specific details, and neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In certain example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" and "comprising" are inclusive and, therefore, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed and illustrated, unless specifically indicated. It should also be appreciated that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
Claims (10)
1. A processing device for thin-wall ring workpieces comprises a processing control machine, a disk part processing part, a table part processing part and an online detection part; the method is characterized in that:
the thin-wall ring workpiece comprises a disc part and a boss part, wherein the boss part is connected with the disc part and is vertical to the disc part, and the boss part is positioned at the center of the disc part; the disc part and the boss part are annular with hollowed centers, and the thickness of the disc part and the boss part is 1-3 mm;
the disc part processing part is used for processing the disc part by using a spinning process, preparing the disc part from raw materials by spinning, and forming a boss part at the center of the disc part; the boss part processed by the disc part processing part is narrow at the upper part and wide at the lower part;
the platform processing part is used for processing the boss part by using a spinning process, so that the upper and lower widths of the boss part are consistent and vertical to the disc part;
the on-line detection part is used for detecting the surface qualification of the processing position, thereby realizing the detection of on-line processing.
2. The processing apparatus for thin-wall ring-like workpieces according to claim 1, wherein:
the disc part processing part comprises a supporting disc, a supporting table, a first shovel rotating wheel and a second shovel rotating wheel; the supporting plate is hollow and is provided with a through hole in the center, and the supporting table penetrates out of the through hole of the supporting plate; the shape formed by combining the support disc and the support table is matched with the contour of the inner surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side above the supporting disc and are used for carrying out spinning forming on the thin-wall ring workpieces; the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel are different in angle, and the first shovel rotating wheel and the horizontal surface are in an angle of 20-40 degrees and are used for spinning the boss downwards and extruding materials of the boss downwards; the second shovel rotary wheel forms an angle of 50-80 degrees with the horizontal surface and is used for carrying out spinning forming on the disc part and extruding the material of the disc part outwards.
3. The processing apparatus for thin-wall ring-like workpieces according to claim 2, wherein:
the supporting disc is detachably connected with the supporting table, and the supporting table can be pulled out from the through hole in the supporting table, so that the supporting is not provided for the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece.
4. A processing apparatus for thin-walled ring-like workpieces as defined in claim 3, wherein:
the table part processing part comprises a supporting cap and a third shovel rotating wheel, and the supporting cap is arranged above the supporting disc and is on the same side with the first shovel rotating wheel and the second shovel rotating wheel; the supporting cap is cap-shaped and is opened at the lower part; the diameter of the lower opening of the supporting cap is the same as the outer diameter of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece, and the inner shape of the lower opening of the supporting cap is matched with the outer surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
the third shovel rotating wheel is arranged below the supporting disc and is separated from the supporting cap to the different sides of the supporting disc; the third shovel spinning wheel is used for carrying out spinning forming on the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece, so that the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece is perpendicular to the disc part of the thin-wall ring workpiece.
5. The processing apparatus for thin-wall ring-like workpieces according to claim 4, wherein:
the included angle between the third shovel rotating wheel and the horizontal plane is 40-60 degrees.
6. The processing apparatus for thin-wall ring-like workpieces according to claim 2, wherein:
the on-line detection part comprises a speckle projector and an image collector, wherein the speckle projector projects speckle images to the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and the image collector collects the speckle images of the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to the processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; when the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range, the position spin forming process is qualified; when the surface qualification coefficient is no longer in the threshold value range, the spinning forming process at the position is unqualified; and controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range.
7. A method of machining a thin-walled ring-like workpiece using the machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step A, blanking a workpiece raw material, wherein the workpiece raw material is a thick-wall pipe; carrying out deburring and chamfering on the workpiece raw materials after blanking;
b, enabling a supporting table of the disc part processing part to penetrate through a central through hole of the supporting disc and be combined with the supporting disc, so that the shape formed by combining the supporting disc and the supporting table is matched with the contour of the inner surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
placing a workpiece raw material on a supporting disc, and sleeving the supporting disc outside a supporting table, wherein the inner diameter of the workpiece raw material is the same as the maximum outer diameter of the supporting table;
step C, spinning and forming the workpiece raw material by utilizing a first shovel spinning wheel, attaching the inner wall of the workpiece raw material to the outer surface of the supporting table, and extruding the material of the workpiece raw material downwards to enable the material to be accumulated at the joint of the supporting table and the supporting disc;
further spin forming the stacked materials by using a second shovel spin wheel, and extruding the stacked materials to the outside, so that the materials extend outwards along the surface of the supporting disc to form a disc part of the thin-wall ring workpiece;
in the spinning process, a speckle projector projects speckle images on the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and an image collector collects the speckle images on the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to a processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range;
d, after spinning of the outer surfaces of the disc part and the table part of the thin-wall ring workpiece is completed, drawing the supporting table out of the central through hole of the supporting disc, simultaneously enabling the supporting cap to be pressed down, enabling the supporting cap to be combined with the supporting disc, and clamping the thin-wall ring workpiece;
carrying out spinning forming on the inner surface of the boss part of the thin-wall ring workpiece by utilizing a third shovel spinning wheel;
in the spinning process, a speckle projector projects speckle images on the surface of the processed thin-wall ring workpiece, and an image collector collects the speckle images on the surface of the thin-wall ring workpiece and sends the images to a processing controller;
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image to obtain a surface qualification coefficient; controlling each shovel spinning wheel to spin again by the unqualified position processing controller until the surface qualification coefficient is within a threshold value range; thereby completing the whole processing flow.
8. The method for machining a thin-wall ring-like workpiece according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the processing controller analyzes and processes the speckle image, and the obtained surface qualification coefficients are specifically as follows:
the processing controller collects speckle images, firstly filters the images, deletes the content which does not belong to the speckle images in the images, and only retains the speckle images;
then the processing controller carries out contrast analysis on the speckle image to obtain contrast C of the speckle image;
then dividing the speckle image into 16 sub-images of 4×4, and obtaining contrast C of each sub-image 1 To C 16 And solving the variance D of the contrast of all the sub-images;
then dividing each sub-image into 4 multiplied by 4 or 3 multiplied by 3 grandchild images, calculating the average brightness of each grandchild image, obtaining the position of the grandchild image with the maximum average brightness, and determining the distance S between the position of the grandchild image with the maximum average brightness and the center of the whole speckle image;
the surface qualification coefficient is as follows: m=k·c·d·s/S 0 ；
Where k is a coefficient, S 0 Representing the width of the entire speckle image.
9. The method for machining a thin-wall ring-like workpiece according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the image filtering mode is that the processing controller performs color screening on the image, a fixed color threshold range is set, and only the colors in the color threshold range are reserved, namely, the image filtering can be performed on the image.
10. The method for machining a thin-wall ring-like workpiece according to claim 8, characterized in that
The on-line detection part is provided with a mechanical arm to drive the speckle projector and the image collector to move, so that the upper surface and the lower surface of the support disc are respectively detected.
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| CN202310719273.0A CN116603913A (en) | 2023-06-16 | 2023-06-16 | Machining device and machining method for thin-wall ring workpieces |
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