CN116600231A - 用于声音消除的电子部件及声音消除方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于声音消除的电子部件及声音消除方法。使用方向依赖性的滤波器响应向有源噪声消除系统、部件和方法提供单源前向消除。一种例示性有源声音消除设备包括:主外置麦克风,其产生主接收信号;副外置麦克风,其产生副接收信号,该主接收信号和该副接收信号表示潜在地包括具有主导到达方向的声音的环境音频;扬声器,其将输出信号转换为内部音频以至少部分地消除所述声音,该输出信号包括前向消除信号;前向滤波器,其仅对该主接收信号进行操作以产生前向消除信号;以及定向仪,其对主接收信号和副接收信号进行操作以导出所述主导到达方向的估计,该定向仪调整前向滤波器以实施对应于所述估计的滤波器响应。
Description
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及听力保护设备,具体涉及用于声音消除的电子部件及声音消除方法,并且更具体地涉及用于提供具有方向依赖性的单源前向消除的此类设备的电子器件和技术。
背景技术
已经开发了有源噪声消除系统,以在无源噪声控制系统不切实际或不足的许多情况下使用。此类系统通过生成设计用于消除那种声音的声波(“抗噪声”)来减少不想要的噪声。通常,此类系统定位扬声器以在用户的每个耳朵中或附近生成抗噪声。例如,扬声器可以被安装在头戴式耳机罩、耳机垫或耳塞式耳机中。麦克风可以位于扬声器的上游(距离耳膜更远)或下游(距离耳膜更近)。上游麦克风也被称为外置麦克风,因为它们测量耳朵上方或耳朵中的受保护空间外部的声音。相关地,下游麦克风被称为内置麦克风,因为它们测量受保护空间内的声音。
内置麦克风启用反馈控制,因此使用内置麦克风的有源噪声消除系统据称提供“反馈消除”。作为对比,使用外置麦克风的有源噪声消除系统据称提供“前馈消除”或简单地称为“前向消除”。使用内置麦克风和外置麦克风两者的系统在本文中被称为混合消除系统。
前向消除系统往往是最简单的,并且因此最节能。然而,它们的性能很大程度上取决于内部滤波器响应与噪声传播路径的传递函数的匹配程度。反馈消除系统可以提供卓越的性能,但通常依赖于复杂的滤波器适配策略来做到这一点。混合消除系统可以权衡这些益处和成本,以提供优越的性能以及良好的能量效率,潜在地使得电池供电的有源耳塞以及更有效的无线耳塞式耳机和头戴式耳机的发展成为可能。
然而,与前向消除系统一样,此类混合消除系统将受益于内部滤波器响应对噪声传播路径的传递函数的更好匹配,只要能够以节能的方式执行该匹配即可。
发明内容
因此,本文公开了有源噪声消除系统、部件和方法,其使用方向依赖性的滤波器响应提供单源前向消除。
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种电子部件,其特征在于,其包括:前向滤波器,所述前向滤波器被配置为仅对来自主外置麦克风的主接收信号进行操作以产生前向消除信号,所述前向消除信号形成用于扬声器的输出信号或者是用于扬声器的输出信号的附加分量;和定向仪,所述定向仪被配置为将所述主接收信号与来自副外置麦克风的副接收信号组合以导出由所述主接收信号和所述副接收信号表示的声音的主导到达方向的估计,所述定向仪被进一步配置为调整所述前向滤波器以实施对应于所述估计的滤波器响应。
在一个实施方案中,所述电子部件的特征在于,所述集成电路还包括存储器,所述存储器被配置为存储用于多个到达方向中的每一个的滤波器响应参数,其中所述定向仪被配置为访问对应于所述估计的所存储的滤波器响应参数。
在一个实施方案中,所述电子部件的特征在于,所述前向滤波器是有限脉冲响应滤波器或无限脉冲响应滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是滤波器系数。
在一个实施方案中,所述电子部件的特征在于,所述前向滤波器是模拟滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是用于所述模拟滤波器的可调部件的增益或阻抗值。
在一个实施方案中,所述电子部件的特征在于,所述集成电路还包括:反馈滤波器,所述反馈滤波器被配置为对来自内置麦克风的内部接收信号进行操作以产生内部消除信号,所述内部消除信号是所述输出信号的附加分量。
在一个实施方案中,所述电子部件的特征在于,所述集成电路还包括:无线接收器,所述无线接收器被配置为产生为所述输出信号的附加分量的音频内容信号。
在一个实施方案中,所述电子部件的特征在于,所述定向仪被配置为基于来自包括所述副外置麦克风的相应外置麦克风的多个副接收信号来导出所述估计。
根据本申请的另一方面,提供了一种声音消除方法,其特征在于,其包括:分别对来自主外置麦克风和副外置麦克风的主接收信号和副接收信号进行操作,以导出由所述主接收信号和所述副接收信号表示的声音的主导到达方向的估计;选择对应于所述估计的前向滤波器响应;将所述前向滤波器响应专门应用于所述主接收信号以产生前向消除信号,所述前向消除信号形成输出信号或者是输出信号的附加分量;以及向扬声器供应所述输出信号以至少部分地消除所述声音。
在一个实施方案中,所述声音消除方法的特征在于,所述选择包括访问存储器以从与所述估计相对应的存储器位置获得存储的滤波器响应参数。
在一个实施方案中,所述声音消除方法的特征在于,所述应用使用有限脉冲响应滤波器或无限脉冲响应滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是滤波器系数。
在一个实施方案中,所述声音消除方法的特征在于,所述应用使用模拟滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是用于所述模拟滤波器的可调部件的增益或阻抗值。
附图说明
图1是例示性混合有源噪声消除设备的信号流程图。
图2是示出不同定位的噪声源的环境视图。
图3是用于不同到达方向的例示性传递函数的曲线图。
图4是具有方向依赖性的单源前向消除的例示性有源噪声消除设备的信号流程图。
图5是具有方向依赖性的单源前向消除的例示性耳塞的示意图。
图6是具有方向依赖性的单源前向消除的例示性耳塞的侧视图。
图7是第一例示性定向仪的流程图。
图8是第二例示性定向仪的流程图。
具体实施方式
附图和以下描述出于解释的目的阐述了具体实施方案和细节,但附图和对应的具体实施方式并不限制本公开。相反,它们提供了基础内容,该基础内容与本领域普通技术人员的理解一起公开并实现了落入所附权利要求书的范围内的所有修改形式、等效形式和替代形式。
图1示出了具有混合消除的例示性有源噪声消除设备。入耳式或近耳式扬声器102至少部分地基于由外置麦克风104和内置麦克风106检测的音频信号来生成抗噪声声音。前馈滤波器108对外部音频信号进行操作以提供前向消除信号,而反馈滤波器110对内部音频信号进行操作以产生反馈消除信号。组合器112在此示出为求和节点,将前向消除信号与反馈消除信号和来自可选无线接收器114的可选音频内容信号进行求和,以产生用于扬声器102的输出信号。
经验表明,至少一些外部噪声总是传播通过任何耳塞、耳机(ear pod)、耳机垫或头戴式耳机罩(在本文中统称为“听力保护器”)以到达耳膜。大部分噪声通过听力保护器本身的结构(尤其是通过任何通风孔或间隙)传播,但是不可忽略的部分也通过用户颅骨的骨头和组织传播。前向滤波器108旨在复制穿过听力保护器结构传播的噪声的传递函数,以产生前向消除信号。当转换为声音波形时,该前向消除信号与该噪声相消干扰。内置麦克风106检测来自其他传播路径的残余噪声和未完成的前向消除。反馈滤波器110补偿麦克风106和扬声器102的机械特性,以及反馈回路本身的传播延迟,以将这个残余噪声测量结果转换成反馈消除信号。预期这种布置提供良好的、节能的噪声消除,只要能实现良好的传递函数匹配即可。
图2是具有插入的听力保护器202的用户头部的俯视图。从前噪声源204、侧噪声源205和后噪声源206传播的噪声从不同方向遇到听力保护器202的结构。图3示出了频域中的三个不同传递函数的示例。曲线304示出了可以观察到的用于从前源204传播的噪声的更强的中频响应。曲线305示出了可以观察到的用于从侧源205传播的噪声的更平坦的响应曲线。曲线306示出了可以被观察到的用于从后源206传播的噪声的衰减的中频响应。这些响应足够不同,使得期望前向滤波器108具有取决于噪声的到达方向的可选响应。
此处应注意,至少一个现有技术参考文献教导了使用具有耦合到外置麦克风阵列的多个前向滤波器的复杂的空间划分模块以提供定向灵敏度。参见标题为“Active Noise-Control Device”的US10,424,287(“Guiu”),其据此以引用方式并入本文。考虑到这种空间划分的复杂的频率依赖性和其对滤波器的频率响应的影响,目前还不清楚此类设计能否成功实施。此外,相关联的硬件复杂性对于实现期望的能量效率和电池寿命而言是不期望的。
图4示出了具有单个前向滤波器108的另选的有源噪声消除设备,如图1所示,该单个前向滤波器仅对来自单个主外置麦克风104的单个信号进行操作以导出前向消除信号。图4的设备确实包括一个或多个副外置麦克风404,其与主外置麦克风104一起耦合到定向仪电路410。定向仪410对麦克风信号进行操作,以确定到达麦克风的噪声或其他环境音频的主导到达方向。基于所识别的方向,定向仪410访问非易失性存储器412以确定对应的滤波器响应的参数。
因此,参考图3,定向仪确定到达方向是否来自前源、侧源或后源,并且使用来自存储器412的相关联的参数设置来配置滤波器108以用于匹配响应。尽管图3中仅示出了三个响应,但预期定向仪将能够检测至少五个不同的方向并且针对每一个选择相应的滤波器参数。一些预期的具体实施可以进一步提供用于最接近的对应方向的参数之间的插值。至少一些具体实施进一步为未检测到主导到达方向的情况提供了平均响应或侧方向的默认选择。
在至少一些具体实施中,滤波器108是用抽头延迟线或数字延迟链实施的有限脉冲响应(FIR)或无限脉冲响应(IIR)滤波器,并且所存储的参数是表示期望的滤波器输出的加权总和的抽头系数。在其他具体实施中,滤波器是使用可调部件实施的模拟滤波器,并且所存储的参数是那些部件的增益或阻抗值。可以预编程该系数或分量值以提供期望的频率响应。
图5示出了包括图4的有源噪声消除设备的例示性耳塞502。该电路被优选地包括在柔软的泡沫中以提供被动衰减,其具有用于麦克风和扬声器的小的外部和内部孔径,该孔径在耳道504中提供有源消除。图6示出了耳塞502的侧视图,其具有与副麦克风水平分开的主麦克风104,以实现水平位置中的方位角方向检测。与前两个麦克风之一竖直分开的另一个副麦克风将进一步实现竖直平面中的仰角方向检测。
应注意,滤波器108、110被优选地实施为提供具有最小延迟(大约50微妙或更小)的从麦克风到扬声器的高响应信号流,以实现优异的噪声消除性能。在定向仪410、存储器412和滤波器调节处理路径中可以接受更高的延迟(大约10至100毫秒),使得能够使用批量处理和/或较低的时钟频率来提高能量效率。
图7是第一例示性定向仪具体实施的流程图。延迟元件702导出延迟的副接收信号,该副接收信号待由组合器704将其与主接收信号进行组合,该组合器在此被示出为确定信号差异的加法器。功率估计器706整合所组合的信号(可能使用移动平均滤波器)以获得前向(frontward)功率估计信号708。当声音从前向源传播时,该信号更大,并且当声音从后向源传播时,该信号更小。类似地,延迟元件712导出延迟的主接收信号,该主接收信号待由组合器714将其与副接收信号进行组合。功率估计器716整合所组合的信号以获得后向功率估计信号718。当声音从后向源传播时,该信号更大,并且当声音从前向源传播时,该信号更小。一些变型形式可以使用麦克风信号的带通滤波,以使定向仪在传递函数最受到达方向影响的那些频率范围内操作。
图8是第二例示性定向仪具体实施的流程图。在此具体实施中,组合器704从主接收信号中减去延迟的副接收信号,从而合成等同于具有前向定向的心形响应的麦克风的接收信号的组合信号。类似地,组合器714从副接收信号中减去延迟的主接收信号,从而实现后向定向的心形响应。利用附加的副麦克风,可以实现更复杂的波束成形,尽管优选的是使相关联的硬件复杂性最小化。设想了使用具有机械配置的定向响应的换能器。
加法器802计算两个定向响应的加权差异,其依赖于可调增益放大器804。更新模块806系统地或迭代地确定使加权差异最小化的增益β,其对应于主导到达方向808。与先前的示例一样,可以采用归一化和带通滤波。关于此定向仪策略的更多细节和变型可以见于发明人Juergen Cezanne和Gary Elko的美国专利5,473,701,“Adaptive MicrophoneArray”中。
所描述的定向仪仅仅是两个示例。文献中可以获得其他合适的定向仪。
本文所述的任一控制器或其部分可利用一个或多个半导体管芯形成为半导体器件。尽管出于解释目的,某些操作可能已被描述为顺序的,但在实施过程中,它们可以由同时操作的多个集成电路部件执行。该顺次论述并不旨在构成限制。一旦完全理解了上述公开的内容,对于本领域技术人员来说这些和许多其他修改形式、等价形式和替代形式就将变得显而易见。旨在使以下权利要求书被解释为在适用情况下包含所有此类修改形式、等价形式和替代形式。
总之,上文公开了有源噪声消除系统、部件和方法,以使用方向依赖性的滤波器响应来提供单源前向消除。一种例示性有源声音消除设备包括:主外置麦克风,其产生主接收信号;副外置麦克风,其产生副接收信号,该主接收信号和该副接收信号表示潜在地包括具有主导到达方向的声音的环境音频;扬声器,其将输出信号转换为内部音频以至少部分地消除所述声音,该输出信号包括前向消除信号;前向滤波器,其仅对该主接收信号进行操作以产生前向消除信号;以及定向仪,其对主接收信号和副接收信号进行操作以导出所述主导到达方向的估计,该定向仪调整前向滤波器以实施对应于所述估计的滤波器响应。
一种例示性电子部件包括集成电路,所述集成电路用于:前向滤波器,所述前向滤波器被配置为仅对来自主外置麦克风的主接收信号进行操作以产生前向消除信号,所述前向消除信号形成用于扬声器的输出信号或者是用于扬声器的输出信号的附加分量;和定向仪,所述定向仪被配置为将所述主接收信号与来自副外置麦克风的副接收信号组合以导出由所述主接收信号和所述副接收信号表示的声音的主导到达方向的估计,所述定向仪被进一步配置为调整所述前向滤波器以实施对应于所述估计的滤波器响应。
一种在听力保护设备中使用的例示性声音消除方法包括:分别对来自主外置麦克风和副外置麦克风的主接收信号和副接收信号进行操作,以导出由所述主接收信号和所述副接收信号表示的声音的主导到达方向的估计;选择对应于所述估计的前向滤波器响应;将所述前向滤波器响应专门应用于所述主接收信号以产生前向消除信号,所述前向消除信号形成输出信号或者是输出信号的附加分量;以及向扬声器供应所述输出信号以至少部分地消除所述声音。
前述设备、部件和方法中的每一者可以单独地或结合地使用,并且可以以任何组合任选地包括以下特征中的一个或多个:1.存储用于多个到达方向中的每一个的滤波器响应参数的存储器,其中所述定向仪访问对应于所述估计的所存储的滤波器响应参数。2.所述前向滤波器是有限脉冲响应滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是滤波器系数。3.所述前向滤波器是模拟滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是用于所述模拟滤波器的可调部件的增益或阻抗值。4.产生内部接收信号的内置麦克风,以及对所述内部接收信号进行操作以产生内部消除信号的反馈滤波器,所述输出信号是所述前向消除信号和所述内部消除信号的总和。5.产生音频内容信号的无线接收器,所述音频内容信号是所述输出信号的附加分量。6.所述副外置麦克风是产生多个副接收信号的多个副麦克风中的一个,所述多个副接收信号仅用于导出所述估计。
本领域的技术人员将会理解,本文所用的与电路操作相关的术语“在……期间”、“在……同时”和“当……时”并不确切地意指称某个动作在引发动作后立即发生,而是指在初始动作所引发的反应之间可能存在一些较小但合理的延迟,诸如各种传播延迟。另外,术语“在……同时”意指某个动作至少在引发动作持续过程中的一段时间内发生。词语“大概”或“基本上”的使用意指元件的值具有预期接近陈述值或位置的参数。权利要求书和/或具体实施方式或附图说明中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等(如用在元件名称的一部分中)用于区分类似元件,而不一定用于描述时间上、空间上、等级上或任何其他方式的顺序。应当理解,如此使用的术语在适当情况下可互换,并且本文所述的实施方案能够以除本文所述或举例说明外的其他顺序来操作。提到“一个实施方案”,意味着结合该实施方案描述的特定的特征、结构或特性包括在本发明的至少一个实施方案中。因此,在本说明书通篇内的不同位置出现的短语“在一个实施方案中”,不一定都指同一个实施方案,但在某些情况下,有可能指同一个实施方案。本发明的各方面具有的特征可少于前文公开的单个实施方案的所有特征。此外,尽管本文描述的一些实施方案包含其他实施方案中包含的一些特征,却未包含其中包含的其他特征,但本领域技术人员应当理解,不同实施方案的特征的组合意在属于本发明的范围,而且意在形成不同的实施方案。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于声音消除的电子部件,其特征在于,所述电子部件包括集成电路,所述集成电路包括:
前向滤波器,所述前向滤波器被配置为仅对来自主外置麦克风的主接收信号进行操作以产生前向消除信号,所述前向消除信号形成用于扬声器的输出信号或者是用于扬声器的输出信号的附加分量;和
定向仪,所述定向仪被配置为将所述主接收信号与来自副外置麦克风的副接收信号组合以导出由所述主接收信号和所述副接收信号表示的声音的主导到达方向的估计,所述定向仪还被配置为调整所述前向滤波器以实施对应于所述估计的滤波器响应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子部件,其特征在于,所述集成电路还包括存储器,所述存储器被配置为存储用于多个到达方向中的每一个的滤波器响应参数,其中所述定向仪被配置为访问对应于所述估计的所存储的滤波器响应参数。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电子部件,其特征在于,所述前向滤波器是有限脉冲响应滤波器或无限脉冲响应滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是滤波器系数。
4.根据权利要求2所述的电子部件,其特征在于,所述前向滤波器是模拟滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是用于所述模拟滤波器的可调部件的增益或阻抗值。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电子部件,其特征在于,所述集成电路还包括:
反馈滤波器,所述反馈滤波器被配置为对来自内置麦克风的内部接收信号进行操作以产生内部消除信号,所述内部消除信号是所述输出信号的附加分量。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电子部件,其特征在于,所述集成电路还包括:
无线接收器,所述无线接收器被配置为产生为所述输出信号的附加分量的音频内容信号。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电子部件,其特征在于,所述定向仪被配置为基于来自包括所述副外置麦克风的相应外置麦克风的多个副接收信号来导出所述估计。
8.一种声音消除方法,其特征在于,所述声音消除方法包括:
分别对来自主外置麦克风和副外置麦克风的主接收信号和副接收信号进行操作,以导出由所述主接收信号和所述副接收信号表示的声音的主导到达方向的估计;
选择对应于所述估计的前向滤波器响应;
将所述前向滤波器响应专门应用于所述主接收信号以产生前向消除信号,所述前向消除信号形成输出信号或者是输出信号的附加分量;以及
向扬声器提供所述输出信号以至少部分地消除所述声音。
9.根据权利要求8所述的声音消除方法,其特征在于,所述选择包括访问存储器以从与所述估计相对应的存储器位置获得存储的滤波器响应参数。
10.根据权利要求9所述的声音消除方法,其特征在于,所述应用使用有限脉冲响应滤波器或无限脉冲响应滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是滤波器系数。
11.根据权利要求9所述的声音消除方法,其特征在于,所述应用使用模拟滤波器,并且所述滤波器响应参数是用于所述模拟滤波器的可调部件的增益或阻抗值。
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US5473701A (en) | 1993-11-05 | 1995-12-05 | At&T Corp. | Adaptive microphone array |
US9202456B2 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2015-12-01 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems, methods, apparatus, and computer-readable media for automatic control of active noise cancellation |
US8385559B2 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2013-02-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Adaptive digital noise canceller |
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